JP2009285602A - Distilling apparatus of carbon dioxide, and washing apparatus equipped therewith - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a distilling apparatus of carbon dioxide and a washing apparatus reduced in heat fed from the outside or discharged to the outside. <P>SOLUTION: A washing system 1 is provided with an evaporation part 210 evaporating liquid state carbon dioxide; a condensing part 230 condensing carbon dioxide; a compressor 220, a valve a 271, a valve b 272, a valve c 273 and a control device 500 controlling internal pressure of the evaporation part 210 and condensing part 230; a heat path 300 for heat exchanging between the evaporation part 210 and condensing part 230; and a temperature sensor 400 detecting outer temperature. The compressor 220, valve a 271, valve b 272, valve c 273 and control device 500 control the internal pressure of the evaporator 210 to make the boiling point of carbon dioxide lower than the outer temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400, and control the internal pressure of the condensing part 230 to make the boiling point of carbon dioxide higher than the outer temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates generally to a distillation apparatus and a cleaning apparatus comprising the same, and more particularly to a distillation apparatus for performing distillation of carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide in a supercritical or liquid state, for example, The present invention relates to a cleaning apparatus that performs cleaning.

  Conventionally, in a distillation apparatus that evaporates a substance to be distilled in an evaporation section and condenses in a condensation section, there is a distillation apparatus that performs evaporation in the evaporation section using heat generated in the condensation section. When the purity of the substance to be distilled supplied to the evaporation section is sufficiently high, the amount of heat consumed by the temperature change of the impurities separated from the substance to be distilled by distillation can be almost ignored. In this case, the amount of heat required for the evaporation of the substance to be distilled in the evaporation unit is substantially equal to the amount of heat generated by condensing the substance to be distilled in the condensing unit. Therefore, in such a case, most of the amount of heat necessary for evaporating the object to be distilled in the evaporating part can be supplemented by the heat generated in the condensing part. Moreover, even when the purity of the object to be distilled is relatively low, heating of the evaporating unit and cooling of the condensing unit can be reduced by supplying heat generated in the condensing unit to the evaporating unit. Thus, a distillation apparatus capable of enhancing the energy saving effect has been proposed.

  For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-181302 (Patent Document 1) discloses a distillation of water in which heat of a waste heat unit is supplied to a heating unit using a heat pump, and water is heated by latent heat generated during condensation of water vapor. An apparatus is described.

  Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-126502 (Patent Document 2) describes an organic solvent vapor waste heat recovery device that recovers the latent heat of condensation of organic solvent vapor to dehydrate the organic solvent aqueous solution.

  In the cleaning device using a densified liquid processing gas such as liquid carbon dioxide described in JP-T-2002-539868 (Patent Document 3), the condensing means is in thermal contact with the evaporation container.

In the continuous vacuum concentrating device described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-19474 (Patent Document 4), the first and second evaporative effect cans are used to reduce the heat exhausted from the condensing part of the second evaporative effect can. It is transmitted as sensible heat of the stock solution to the evaporation part of the evaporation effect can.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-181302 JP 2000-126502 A Special Table 2002-539868 gazette JP 54-19474 A

  However, in reality, heat is exchanged with the outside in the evaporation section and the condensation section. Therefore, as described above, even if the evaporation section is heated or the condensation section is cooled by performing heat exchange between the evaporation section and the condensation section, a large amount of heat is supplied to the distillation apparatus from the outside, or distillation is performed. It is necessary to discharge a large amount of heat from the apparatus to the outside.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide distillation apparatus capable of reducing the amount of heat supplied from the outside or discharged to the outside when performing heat exchange between the evaporation section and the condensation section, and a cleaning provided therewith. Is to provide a device.

  The carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to the present invention is evaporated by the evaporation section for evaporating the carbon dioxide in the liquid state, the evaporation section pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure inside the evaporation section, and the evaporation section. A condensing unit for condensing the carbon dioxide, a condensing unit pressure adjusting unit for adjusting the pressure inside the condensing unit, a heat exchanging unit for performing heat exchange between the evaporation unit and the condensing unit, A temperature detection means for detecting the temperature outside the evaporation section and the condensation section, the evaporation section pressure adjustment means is configured such that the boiling point of carbon dioxide inside the evaporation section is greater than the external temperature detected by the temperature detection means. The pressure inside the condensing part is adjusted so that the boiling point of carbon dioxide inside the condensing part is higher than the external temperature detected by the temperature detecting means. To be It is configured to adjust the pressure inside the section.

  When carbon dioxide in a liquid state is given the amount of heat necessary for evaporation in the evaporation section, it enters a gas state. Next, the heat of condensation is removed in the condensing part to return to the liquid state. In this manner, carbon dioxide is distilled.

  In the evaporation section, in order to evaporate carbon dioxide while keeping the temperature and pressure constant, it is necessary to supply heat necessary for evaporation of the carbon dioxide, that is, to heat the evaporation section. On the other hand, in the condensing part, in order to condense carbon dioxide while keeping the temperature and pressure constant, it is necessary to remove the heat of condensation, that is, to cool the condensing part. If the amount of impurities contained in the carbon dioxide to be distilled is small, the amount of heat that needs to be added to evaporate the carbon dioxide in the evaporation section and the amount of heat that needs to be removed to condense the carbon dioxide in the condensation section Are approximately equal in size. Thus, by exchanging heat so as to supply heat from the condensing unit to the evaporating unit, there is almost no need to heat the evaporating unit from outside or to cool the condensing unit from outside.

  By the way, heat is transmitted only in the direction in which the entropy increases, that is, in the direction in which the temperatures of the evaporation unit and the condensation unit become uniform. Therefore, in order to supply heat from the condensing unit to the evaporating unit, the temperature of the condensing unit needs to be higher than the temperature of the evaporating unit.

  The temperature of the evaporating section is substantially equal to the temperature at which liquid carbon dioxide becomes gaseous carbon dioxide, that is, the boiling point of carbon dioxide. Further, the temperature of the condensing part is substantially equal to the temperature at which the carbon dioxide in the gaseous state becomes carbon dioxide in the liquid state, that is, the boiling point (condensation point) of carbon dioxide. The boiling point of carbon dioxide in the evaporation part can be changed by adjusting the pressure inside the evaporation part. Similarly, the boiling point (condensation point) of carbon dioxide in the condensing part can be changed by adjusting the pressure inside the condensing part.

  Therefore, by adjusting the pressure inside the evaporation section and the pressure inside the condensation section so that the boiling point of carbon dioxide in the evaporation section is lower than the boiling point (condensation point) of carbon dioxide in the condensation section, the condensation section The amount of heat can be supplied to the evaporating unit.

  However, in reality, heat flows in and out from the outside in the evaporation section and the condensation section, and all the amount of heat necessary to be removed in the condensation section is supplied to the evaporation section and used to evaporate carbon dioxide. It is not possible.

  For example, if the temperature of the condensing unit and the evaporating unit are both higher than the outside temperature and the temperature of the condensing unit is higher than the temperature of the evaporating unit, a part of the heat quantity of the condensing unit flows out to the outside, Supplied to the evaporation section. However, also in the evaporation section, a part of the heat quantity supplied from the condensing part flows out further, and only the remaining heat quantity is used for evaporating carbon dioxide in the evaporation section. Therefore, in order to evaporate carbon dioxide in the evaporating unit, the amount of heat necessary for evaporation is supplied to the evaporating unit, and the amount of heat flowing out from the evaporating unit and the amount of heat flowing out from the condensing unit are combined. It is necessary to heat the evaporation section so that an amount of heat equivalent to the quantity is supplied to the evaporation section.

  Further, for example, when the temperature of the condensing unit and the temperature of the evaporating unit are lower than the outside temperature and the temperature of the condensing unit is higher than the temperature of the evaporating unit, heat is supplied from the outside in the evaporating unit, and the condensing unit Also, heat is supplied from the outside. Therefore, in order to condense the carbon dioxide in the condensing unit, the amount of heat necessary for condensation is discharged from the condensing unit, and the amount of heat flowing into the condensing unit from the outside and the amount of heat flowing into the evaporating unit from the outside are combined. It is necessary to cool the condensing part so that the amount of heat equivalent to the quantity is discharged from the condensing part.

  Therefore, in the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to the present invention, the temperature of the evaporation section, that is, the boiling point of carbon dioxide in the evaporation section is made lower than the external temperature, and the temperature of the condensation section, that is, carbon dioxide in the condensation section. The internal pressure of the evaporation unit and the internal pressure of the condensation unit are adjusted so that the boiling point (condensation point) of the liquid is higher than the external temperature.

  By doing in this way, the distillation apparatus which can reduce the calorie | heat amount supplied or discharged | emitted outside from the outside in order to heat an evaporation part and to cool a condensation part can be provided.

  In the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to the present invention, when the external temperature detected by the temperature detecting means is lower than a predetermined temperature, the evaporation section pressure adjusting means reduces the pressure of the evaporation section to condense. The partial pressure adjusting means is preferably configured to reduce the pressure in the condensing unit.

  By doing in this way, in order to heat an evaporation part and to cool a condensation part, the energy which needs to be supplied from the outside can be reduced.

  In the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to the present invention, the evaporation unit pressure adjusting unit and the condensing unit pressure adjusting unit are configured such that the amount of heat flowing from the outside of the evaporation unit into the inside and the amount of heat flowing out from the inside of the condensation unit to the outside. It is preferable that the pressure inside the evaporating unit and the condensing unit is adjusted so as to be approximately equal.

  By doing in this way, almost all the condensation heat which needs to be removed from a condensation part can be utilized in order to evaporate a carbon dioxide in an evaporation part.

  In the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to the present invention, the evaporation unit pressure adjusting unit and the condensing unit pressure adjusting unit are configured such that the amount of heat flowing from the outside of the evaporation unit to the inside is larger than the amount of heat flowing from the inside of the condensation unit to the outside. It is preferable that the pressure inside the evaporating unit and the condensing unit is adjusted so as to be small.

  In this way, it is not necessary to cool the condensing part from the outside.

  In the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to the present invention, the evaporation unit pressure adjusting unit and the condensing unit pressure adjusting unit are configured such that the amount of heat flowing from the outside of the evaporation unit to the inside is larger than the amount of heat flowing from the inside of the condensation unit to the outside. It is preferable that the pressure inside the evaporation unit and the condensation unit is adjusted so as to increase.

  By doing in this way, it becomes unnecessary to heat an evaporation part from the outside.

  In the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to the present invention, it is preferable that the thermal conductivity of the evaporating part is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the condensing part.

  Since the heat conductivity of the evaporation unit is smaller than the heat conductivity of the condensing unit, the amount of heat hardly flows from the outside in the evaporation unit, and the amount of heat easily flows out to the outside in the condensing unit. The amount of heat flowing in and out of the evaporation section and the condensation section is proportional to the thermal conductivity and the temperature difference from the outside. Therefore, even if the temperature difference between the outside and the condensing part is made smaller than the temperature difference between the outside and the condensing part by making the heat conductivity of the evaporating part smaller than the heat conductivity of the condensing part, The amount of heat flowing in and out from the outside in the condensing part can be made equal. Since the temperature of the condensing part is higher than the external temperature, the temperature difference between the condensing part and the outside can be reduced by lowering the pressure inside the condensing part.

  By doing in this way, the pressure inside a condensation part can be made low.

  A cleaning apparatus according to the present invention includes a cleaning tank for cleaning an object to be cleaned with carbon dioxide in a supercritical or liquid state, a supply path for supplying carbon dioxide from a condenser to the cleaning tank, and a cleaning tank It is preferable to include a discharge path for discharging carbon dioxide from the evaporation section to the evaporation section and any one of the carbon dioxide distillation apparatuses described above.

  In distillation at a chemical factory or the like, the distillation itself is generally performed in a multistage manner. Therefore, it is common practice to use one stage of exhaust heat in another stage. In addition, other devices such as a reaction vessel and a dryer are often installed in the vicinity, and these devices and heat can be used effectively. However, in a cleaning apparatus that cleans the object to be cleaned using carbon dioxide in a supercritical or liquid state, it is common to perform distillation in one stage. In addition, since the object to be cleaned is cleaned with carbon dioxide in a supercritical or liquid state, a dryer for drying the object to be cleaned is not required, so other devices such as a reaction vessel and a dryer are used. Is rarely installed around.

  Therefore, the cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning tank for cleaning the object to be cleaned with carbon dioxide in a supercritical or liquid state, a supply path for supplying carbon dioxide from the condensing unit to the cleaning tank, and an evaporation unit from the cleaning tank. By providing a discharge path for discharging carbon dioxide and any one of the carbon dioxide distillation devices described above, the amount of heat supplied from the outside or discharged to the outside for heating the evaporation section and cooling the condensation section can be reduced. A cleaning device including a distillation device that can be reduced can be provided.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a carbon dioxide distillation apparatus capable of reducing the amount of heat supplied or discharged from the outside, and a cleaning apparatus equipped with the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an entire cleaning system as a first embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the cleaning system 1 as a cleaning device mainly includes a cleaning tank 100, an evaporator 210, an evaporator pressure sensor 212, a compressor 220, a condenser 230, and a condenser pressure sensor 232. A liquid carbon dioxide cylinder 240 as a carbon dioxide supply source, a pump 250 for increasing the pressure of carbon dioxide and sending it out, a dirt receiving container 260 for collecting dirt separated from carbon dioxide, a heat path 300 as heat exchange means, The temperature sensor 400 includes a temperature sensor 400 and a control device 500. The valve a271, the evaporator 210, the valve b272, the compressor 220, the condenser 230, and the valve c273 constitute a carbon dioxide distillation apparatus. The compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, the valve c273, and the control device 500 are examples of an evaporation unit pressure adjusting unit and a condensing unit pressure adjusting unit.

  Each member which comprises the washing | cleaning system 1 is connected by piping, and the valve arrange | positioned at piping is opened and closed suitably. An object 110 to be cleaned is accommodated in the cleaning tank 100. The object 110 to be cleaned is, for example, a fiber structure. The fiber structure may be anything made of fiber, such as clothing, linen, futon, pillow, mat, handkerchief, towel, and stuffed toy.

  The evaporation unit 210 and the condensing unit 230 are formed by a pressure resistant container. An evaporation unit pressure sensor 212 for detecting the pressure inside the evaporation unit 210 is disposed in the evaporation unit 210. A condensing unit pressure sensor 232 for detecting the pressure inside the condensing unit 230 is disposed in the condensing unit 230. The evaporation unit 210 and the condensing unit 230 are formed to have the same thermal conductivity. The magnitude of the thermal conductivity is determined by the structure and material of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230.

  However, the thermal conductivity here is not the thermal conductivity as a physical property value of a material or the like, but a certain part (for example, the condensing part 230) directly exchanges heat with external air or the part. It is the reciprocal of the heat transfer resistance, which indicates the difficulty in transferring heat around the part when the heat is indirectly exchanged with the external air through a part in contact with the air. For example, the heat conductivity of the condensing unit 230 is not a heat conductivity as a physical property value of the material of the condensing unit 230, but the condensing unit 230 directly exchanges heat with external air or the condensing unit 230. It is the reciprocal of the heat transfer resistance indicating the difficulty in transferring heat around the condensing unit 230 when heat is indirectly exchanged with external air through parts such as piping that come into contact with the air.

  The evaporating unit 210 and the condensing unit 230 are in thermal contact with each other via the heat path 300, and heat is exchanged between the evaporating unit 210 and the condensing unit 230 through the heat path 300. The heat path 300 may be formed of copper or the like as a material having high thermal conductivity. Moreover, you may form as a flow path through which a heat carrier flows. When a heat medium is used, in order to further promote heat conduction, a pressure change may be applied to the heat medium so as to be a heat pump.

  An evaporator heat exchanger 211 is disposed between the heat path 300 and the evaporator 210, and a condenser heat exchanger 231 is disposed between the heat path 300 and the condenser 230. The evaporator heat exchanger 211 and the condenser heat exchanger 231 are members for facilitating transfer of heat between the heat path 300 and the evaporator 210 or the condenser 230. For example, in the connection part of the heat path 300 and the evaporation part 210 or the condensation part 230, the part formed so that a contact area may become large is included.

  The liquid carbon dioxide cylinder 240 is connected to the cleaning tank 100 by piping via a carbon dioxide supply valve 241, a valve c273, and a pump 250. A valve a <b> 271 is arranged in the pipe connecting the cleaning tank 100 and the evaporation unit 210. A valve b <b> 272 is disposed in a pipe connecting the evaporation unit 210 and the compressor 220. The compressor 220 and the condensing part 230 are connected by piping. The condensing unit 230 is connected to the dirt receiving container 260 through a pipe in which the valve d274 is disposed.

  A pipe connecting the condensing unit 230 and the cleaning tank 100 forms a supply path, and a pipe connecting the cleaning tank 100 and the evaporation unit 210 forms a discharge path.

  Carbon dioxide circulates in the cleaning system 1 in the direction of the arrow indicated by a two-dot chain line in the figure.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a control-related configuration of the cleaning system.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the temperature sensor 400 detects the temperature outside the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230 and transmits a signal to the control device 500. Based on the external temperature detected by temperature sensor 400, control device 500 adjusts the pressure of evaporation unit 210 so that the boiling point of carbon dioxide in evaporation unit 210 is lower than the external temperature. In addition, the control device 500 adjusts the pressure of the condensing unit 230 so that the boiling point (condensation point) of carbon dioxide in the condensing unit 230 is higher than the external temperature.

  The evaporating unit pressure sensor 212 and the condensing unit pressure sensor 232 detect the pressure inside the evaporating unit 210 and the pressure inside the condensing unit 230 and transmit signals to the control device 500. The control device 500 adjusts the inside of the evaporation unit 210 and the inside of the condensing unit 230 so that each has a predetermined pressure.

  Based on the signals received from temperature sensor 400, evaporator pressure sensor 212, and condenser pressure sensor 232, control device 500 adjusts the internal pressure of evaporator 210 and the pressure of condenser 230 as described above. The control signal is transmitted to the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273.

  First, the operation | movement process of the washing | cleaning system 1 is demonstrated using FIG. 1 and FIG.

  After the object to be cleaned 110 is accommodated in the cleaning tank 100, the operation of the cleaning system 1 is started.

First, the carbon dioxide supply valve 241 and the valve c273 are opened, and carbon dioxide is supplied from the liquid carbon dioxide cylinder 240 to the pump 250. The carbon dioxide is compressed by the pump 250 or heated by a heater (not shown) to become liquid carbon dioxide (LCO ₂ ) or supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO ₂ ) at an appropriate temperature and pressure. Carbon dioxide in a liquid state or a supercritical state is supplied from the pump 250 into the cleaning tank 100.

  In the cleaning tank 100, the carbon dioxide in a liquid state or a supercritical state comes into contact with the object to be cleaned 110 such as a fiber structure, and the object to be cleaned 110 is cleaned. Dirt in the object to be cleaned 110 is extracted into carbon dioxide in a supercritical or liquid state. Note that additives such as a surfactant, water, and oil may be added to carbon dioxide used for cleaning in the cleaning tank 100.

  The carbon dioxide containing dirt extracted from the object 110 to be cleaned flows into the evaporation unit 210 when the valve a271 is opened.

  In the evaporating section 210, the temperature and / or pressure of carbon dioxide decreases due to cooling by decompression and / or adiabatic expansion, and even when the carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state, the supercritical state disappears and the gas and liquid are separated. To do. The control device 500 controls the pressure of the evaporation unit 210 so that the boiling point of carbon dioxide inside the evaporation unit 210 is lower than the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400, the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, When c273 is controlled, the heat of the condensation unit 230 is supplied to the evaporation unit 210 through the heat path 300. Further, heat flows into the evaporation unit 210 from the outside. In this way, the carbon dioxide in the liquid state inside the evaporation unit 210 is heated and gradually becomes a gas state. Since carbon dioxide circulates in the cleaning system 1, liquid carbon dioxide sequentially flows into the evaporation unit 210 and evaporates.

  Additives such as dirt extracted from the object 110 to be cleaned and a surfactant added during cleaning are less likely to evaporate than carbon dioxide, and thus are separated from carbon dioxide in a gaseous state. Additives such as dirt and surfactant separated from carbon dioxide are discharged into the dirt receiving container 260 when the valve d274 at the bottom of the evaporation section 210 is opened.

  The carbon dioxide in the gaseous state is pressurized by the compressor 220 and sent to the condensing unit 230. The control device 500 controls the pressure of the condensing unit 230 so that the boiling point of carbon dioxide inside the condensing unit 230 is higher than the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400, the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, When c273 is controlled, the heat of the condensation unit 230 is supplied to the evaporation unit 210 through the heat path 300. Further, heat flows out from the condenser 230 to the outside. In this way, the carbon dioxide in the gaseous state inside the condensing unit 230 is cooled and gradually becomes a liquid state.

  The carbon dioxide in a liquid state flows into the cleaning tank 100 again. In this way, carbon dioxide circulates in the cleaning system 1.

  Next, pressure control of the evaporator 210 and the condenser 230 will be described.

Assume that the external temperature is T _r , the temperature of the evaporator 210 is T _v , and the temperature of the condenser 230 is T _c . The temperature is assumed to be higher in the order of T _c > T _r > T _v . Further, it is assumed that the thermal conductivity of the evaporation unit 210 is k _v and the thermal conductivity of the condensing unit 230 is k _c . Further, it is assumed that the amount of heat exhausted by the condensation of carbon dioxide in the condensing unit 230 and the amount of heat necessary for the evaporation of carbon dioxide in the evaporating unit 210 are equal to Q. It is assumed that the temperature and pressure of the evaporator 210 and the condenser 230 are constant during the distillation of carbon dioxide. It is also assumed that the external temperature is constant.

In the condensing part 230 whose temperature is higher than the outside, heat flows out to the outside. If the amount of heat flowing out of the condenser 230 to the outside is Q _cr , then Q _cr = k _c (T _c −T _r ). Therefore, of the heat of condensation, the amount of heat supplied to the condensing unit 230 through the heat path 300 is Q−Q _cr = Q−k _c (T _c −T _r ).

On the other hand, in the evaporation part 210 whose temperature is lower than the outside, heat flows from the outside. _Assuming that the amount of heat flowing from the outside into the evaporation unit 210 is Q _rv , Q _rv = k _v (T _r −T _v ). Therefore, the heat quantity that is the sum of the heat quantity supplied from the condenser 230 through the heat path 300 and the heat quantity that flows from the outside into the evaporator 210 is supplied to the evaporator 210. The amount of heat supplied to the evaporator 210 is as follows as a whole.

Q−Q _cr + Q _rv = Q−k _c (T _c −T _r ) + k _v (T _r −T _v )
Of this amount of heat supplied to the evaporation unit 210, Q is required for the evaporation of carbon dioxide in the evaporation unit 210. When the amount of heat Q _cr = k _c (T _c −T _r ) flowing out of the condenser 230 to the outside is larger than the amount of heat Q _rv = k _v (T _r −T _v ) flowing into the evaporator 210 from the outside Since the amount of heat supplied to the evaporation unit 210 is smaller than Q, the evaporation unit 210 needs to be heated. On the other hand, when the heat quantity Q _cr = k _c (T _c −T _r ) flowing out from the condenser 230 to the outside is smaller than the heat quantity Q _rv = k _v (T _r −T _v ) flowing into the evaporator 210 from the outside In this case, since the amount of heat supplied to the evaporation unit 210 is larger than Q, it is necessary to cool the condensing unit 230.

Therefore, in the first embodiment, the thermal conductivity _{k v} evaporators 210, to be equal to the thermal conductivity _{k c} condenser portion 230, constituting the evaporation portion 210 and the condensing section 230. For example, it is possible to reduce the thermal conductivity by using a highly heat-insulating material as the material of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230, or by reducing the contact area between the evaporation unit 210 and the atmosphere around the condensation unit 230. it can. Further, the thermal conductivity can be increased by using a material having low heat insulation as the material of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230, or by increasing the contact area between the evaporation unit 210 and the atmosphere around the condensation unit 230. it can. Although heat exchange with the outside occurs also in pipes other than the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230, in this embodiment, the thermal conductivity of parts other than the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230 is sufficiently low. It is assumed that most of the heat exchange between the cleaning system 1 and the outside occurs in the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230.

Further, the temperature difference between the outside and the evaporation unit 210 and the temperature difference between the outside and the condensing unit 230 are equal, that is, (T _c −T _r ) and (T _r −T _v ) are equal. The pressure of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230 is adjusted. By doing so, the amount of heat k _v (T _r −T _v ) flowing into the evaporation unit 210 from the outside is equal to the amount of heat k _c (T _c −T _r ) flowing out of the condensation unit 230 to the outside.

  When the external temperature is 20 ° C., for example, the pressures of the evaporator 210 and the condenser 230 are adjusted so that the temperature of the evaporator 210 is 15 ° C. and the temperature of the condenser 230 is 25 ° C. Further, when the external temperature is 10, for example, the pressures of the evaporator 210 and the condenser 230 are adjusted so that the temperature of the evaporator 210 is 5 ° C. and the temperature of the condenser 230 is 15 ° C.

  Table 1 shows examples of pressures of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230 when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 20 ° C., the boiling point of carbon dioxide under the pressure, and the carbon dioxide under the pressure. It is a table | surface which shows the calorie | heat amount required for the state change between gas-liquid states.

  As shown in Table 1, when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 20 ° C., the control device 500 sets the boiling point of carbon dioxide in the evaporation unit 210 to 15 ° C. The compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273 (FIG. 1) are adjusted so that the pressure becomes 5.09 MPa. At the same time, in order to set the boiling point (condensation point) of carbon dioxide in the condensing unit 230 to 25 ° C., the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273 are set so that the pressure inside the evaporating unit 210 is 6.43 MPa. Adjust (Fig. 1).

  When the circulation amount of carbon dioxide is 60 kg / h and the pressure of the evaporation unit 210 is 5.09 MPa, the amount of heat necessary for the carbon dioxide to evaporate in the evaporation unit 210 is 12.7 MJ / h. Further, when the pressure of the condensing unit 230 is set to 6.43 MPa, the amount of heat necessary for the carbon dioxide to condense in the condensing unit 230 is -13.6 MJ / h, that is, the amount of heat of 13.6 MJ / h is discharged. It will be necessary. Thus, the amount of heat required to be applied to the evaporation unit 210 and the amount of heat discharged from the condensing unit 230 are approximately equal. In this description, the effects of dirt and additives contained in carbon dioxide are ignored, but these components are less in volume compared to carbon dioxide, and these substances are at such temperatures and pressures. Under these conditions, it is difficult for the phase to change, so it is considered that these components have little effect on heat transfer.

  Table 2 shows examples of pressures of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230 when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 in the cleaning system 1 is 10 ° C. and 20 ° C., and the boiling point under the pressure. It is a table | surface which shows the temperature difference with the exterior.

  As shown in Table 2, when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 10 ° C., the pressure inside the evaporation unit 210 is set to 3.97 MPa, and the pressure inside the condensing unit 230 is set to 5.09 MPa. Further, the control device 500 controls the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273. By controlling in this way, the temperature of the evaporator 210 becomes 5 ° C., and the temperature of the condenser 230 becomes 15 ° C. At this time, the temperature difference between the evaporator 210 and the outside is 5 ° C., and the temperature difference between the condenser 230 and the outside is also 5 ° C.

  Further, when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 20 ° C., the control device 500 is configured such that the pressure inside the evaporation unit 210 is 5.09 MPa and the pressure inside the condensing unit 230 is 6.43 MPa. Controls the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273. By controlling in this way, the temperature of the evaporating unit 210 becomes 15 ° C., and the temperature of the condensing unit 230 becomes 25 ° C. At this time, the temperature difference between the evaporator 210 and the outside is 5 ° C., and the temperature difference between the condenser 230 and the outside is also 5 ° C.

  Since the heat conductivity of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensing unit 230 is equal, the amount of heat flowing out from the condensing unit 230 to the outside by equalizing the temperature difference between the evaporating unit 210 and the outside and the temperature difference between the condensing unit 230 and the outside. The amount of heat flowing from the outside into the evaporation unit 210 can be made equal.

  As described above, the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus provided in the cleaning system 1 of the first embodiment condenses the evaporation unit 210 for evaporating the carbon dioxide in the liquid state and the carbon dioxide evaporated in the evaporation unit 210. A condensing unit 230, an evaporator 210, a compressor 220 for adjusting the pressure inside the condensing unit 230, a valve a271, a valve b272, a valve c273, a control device 500, an evaporating unit 210, and a condensing unit 230. A heat path 300 for exchanging heat between them, a temperature sensor 400 for detecting the temperature outside the evaporator 210 and the condenser 230, a compressor 220, a valve a271, a valve b272, a valve c273, and a control device 500 indicates that the inside of the evaporation unit 210 has a boiling point of carbon dioxide in the evaporation unit 210 that is lower than the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400. And the pressure inside the condensing unit 230 is adjusted such that the boiling point of carbon dioxide inside the condensing unit 230 is higher than the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400. It is configured as follows.

  By doing in this way, the distillation apparatus of the carbon dioxide which can reduce the calorie | heat amount supplied or discharged | emitted from the outside in order to heat the evaporation part 210 and to cool the condensation part 230 can be provided.

  In the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus, the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, the valve c273, and the control device 500 flow out from the outside of the evaporation unit 210 to the inside, and flow out from the inside of the condensation unit 230 to the outside. The internal pressure of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensing unit 230 is adjusted so that the amount of heat to be generated is substantially equal.

  In this way, almost all the condensation heat that needs to be removed from the condensing unit 230 can be used to evaporate carbon dioxide in the evaporating unit 210.

  The cleaning system 1 includes a cleaning tank 100 for cleaning the object 110 to be cleaned with carbon dioxide in a supercritical or liquid state, a supply path for supplying carbon dioxide from the condenser 230 to the cleaning tank 100, A discharge path for discharging carbon dioxide from the cleaning tank 100 to the evaporation unit 210 and the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus are provided.

  In this way, it is possible to provide a cleaning system 1 including a distillation apparatus capable of reducing the amount of heat supplied or discharged from the outside in order to heat the evaporation unit 210 or cool the condensation unit 230. it can.

(Second Embodiment)
The cleaning system 1 of the second embodiment is different from the cleaning system 1 of the first embodiment in that the difference between the boiling point of carbon dioxide in the evaporator 210 and the external temperature is the boiling point of carbon dioxide in the condenser 230 (condensation). The pressures of the evaporating unit 210 and the condensing unit 230 are controlled so as to be smaller than the difference between the point) and the external temperature. Other configurations of the cleaning system 1 of the second embodiment are the same as those of the cleaning system 1 of the first embodiment.

  Table 3 shows an example of pressures of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230 when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 10 ° C. and 20 ° C. in the cleaning system 1 of the second embodiment, and the pressures thereof. It is a table | surface which shows the boiling point below and the temperature difference with the exterior.

  As shown in Table 3, when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 10 ° C., the pressure inside the evaporator 210 is 4.23 MPa, and the pressure inside the condenser 230 is 5.09 MPa. Further, the control device 500 controls the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273. By controlling in this way, the temperature of the evaporator 210 becomes 7.5 ° C., and the temperature of the condenser 230 becomes 15 ° C. At this time, the temperature difference between the evaporator 210 and the outside is 2.5 ° C., and the temperature difference between the condenser 230 and the outside is 5 ° C.

  Further, when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 20 ° C., the control device 500 is configured such that the pressure inside the evaporation unit 210 is 5.4 MPa and the pressure inside the condensing unit 230 is 6.43 MPa. Controls the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273. By controlling in this way, the temperature of the evaporation part 210 will be 17.5 degreeC, and the temperature of the condensation part 230 will be 25 degreeC. At this time, the temperature difference between the evaporator 210 and the outside is 2.5 ° C., and the temperature difference between the condenser 230 and the outside is 5 ° C.

  Since the heat conductivity of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230 is equal, the temperature difference between the evaporation unit 210 and the outside is twice as small as the temperature difference between the condensation unit 230 and the outside. The amount of heat flowing into the evaporation unit 210 from the outside can be made twice smaller than the amount of heat flowing out.

  As described above, in the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus included in the cleaning system 1 of the second embodiment, the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273 have the amount of heat flowing into the interior from the outside of the evaporation unit 210. The pressure inside the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230 is adjusted so as to be smaller than the amount of heat flowing out from the inside of the condensation unit 230 to the outside.

  By doing so, it is not necessary to cool the condensing unit 230 from the outside.

(Third embodiment)
The cleaning system 1 of the third embodiment is different from the cleaning system 1 of the first embodiment in that the difference between the boiling point of carbon dioxide in the evaporator 210 and the external temperature is the boiling point of carbon dioxide in the condenser 230 (condensation). The pressures of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensing unit 230 are controlled so as to be larger than the difference between the point) and the external temperature. Other configurations of the cleaning system 1 of the third embodiment are the same as those of the cleaning system 1 of the first embodiment.

  Table 4 shows an example of pressures of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230 when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 10 ° C. and 20 ° C. in the cleaning system 1 of the third embodiment, and the pressures thereof. It is a table | surface which shows the boiling point below and the temperature difference with the exterior.

  As shown in Table 4, when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 10 ° C., the pressure inside the evaporation unit 210 is set to 3.97 MPa, and the pressure inside the condensing unit 230 is set to 4.79 MPa. Further, the control device 500 controls the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273. By controlling in this way, the temperature of the evaporation part 210 will be 5 degreeC, and the temperature of the condensation part 230 will be 12.5 degreeC. At this time, the temperature difference between the evaporator 210 and the outside is 5 ° C., and the temperature difference between the condenser 230 and the outside is 2.5 ° C.

  In addition, when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 20 ° C., the control device 500 is configured such that the pressure inside the evaporation unit 210 is 5.09 MPa and the pressure inside the condensing unit 230 is 6.07 MPa. Controls the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273. By controlling in this way, the temperature of the evaporation part 210 will be 15 degreeC, and the temperature of the condensation part 230 will be 22.5 degreeC. At this time, the temperature difference between the evaporator 210 and the outside is 5 ° C., and the temperature difference between the condenser 230 and the outside is 2.5 ° C.

  Since the heat conductivity of the evaporator 210 and the condenser 230 is equal, the temperature difference between the evaporator 210 and the outside is twice as large as the temperature difference between the condenser 230 and the outside. The amount of heat flowing into the evaporator 210 from the outside can be made twice as large as the amount of heat flowing out.

  As described above, in the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus provided in the cleaning system 1 of the third embodiment, the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273 have the amount of heat flowing into the interior from the outside of the evaporation unit 210. The pressure inside the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230 is adjusted so as to be larger than the amount of heat flowing out from the inside of the condensation unit 230 to the outside.

  By doing in this way, it is not necessary to heat the evaporation part 210 from the outside.

(Fourth embodiment)
The cleaning system 1 of the fourth embodiment is different from the cleaning system 1 of the first embodiment in that the difference between the boiling point of carbon dioxide in the evaporator 210 and the external temperature is the boiling point of carbon dioxide in the condenser 230 (condensation). The pressures of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensing unit 230 are controlled so as to be larger than the difference between the point) and the external temperature.

The thermal conductivity _{k v} of the evaporation section 210, so that the half of the size of the thermal conductivity _{k c} of the condenser section 230, an evaporation portion 210 and the condensing section 230 is constituted. k _c = 2k _v .

  Other configurations of the cleaning system 1 of the fourth embodiment are the same as those of the cleaning system 1 of the first embodiment.

  Table 5 shows examples of pressures of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230 when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 10 ° C. and 20 ° C. in the cleaning system 1 of the fourth embodiment, and the pressures thereof. It is a table | surface which shows the boiling point below and the temperature difference with the exterior.

  As shown in Table 5, when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 10 ° C., the pressure inside the evaporation unit 210 is set to 3.97 MPa, and the pressure inside the condensing unit 230 is set to 4.79 MPa. Further, the control device 500 controls the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273. By controlling in this way, the temperature of the evaporation part 210 will be 5 degreeC, and the temperature of the condensation part 230 will be 12.5 degreeC. At this time, the temperature difference between the evaporator 210 and the outside is 5 ° C., and the temperature difference between the condenser 230 and the outside is 2.5 ° C.

  In addition, when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is 20 ° C., the control device 500 is configured such that the pressure inside the evaporation unit 210 is 5.09 MPa and the pressure inside the condensing unit 230 is 6.07 MPa. Controls the compressor 220, the valve a271, the valve b272, and the valve c273. By controlling in this way, the temperature of the evaporation part 210 will be 15 degreeC, and the temperature of the condensation part 230 will be 22.5 degreeC. At this time, the temperature difference between the evaporator 210 and the outside is 5 ° C., and the temperature difference between the condenser 230 and the outside is 2.5 ° C.

Since the magnitude of the thermal conductivity k _v of the evaporation unit 210 is half the size of the thermal conductivity k _c of the condenser section 230, the evaporation portion 210 and the condensing section 230 to the temperature difference between the outside and the outside with the By making it twice as large as the temperature difference, the amount of heat flowing out from the condensing unit 230 to the outside and the amount of heat flowing into the evaporating unit 210 from the outside can be made equal.

As described above, in the distillation apparatus of carbon dioxide cleaning system 1 of the fourth embodiment is provided, the thermal conductivity k _v evaporators 210 is smaller than the thermal conductivity k _c condenser portion 230.

  Since the heat conductivity of the evaporation unit 210 is smaller than the heat conductivity of the condensing unit 230, the amount of heat hardly flows from the outside in the evaporation unit 210, and the amount of heat easily flows out to the outside in the condensing unit 230. The amount of heat flowing in and out of the evaporator 210 and the condenser 230 is proportional to the thermal conductivity and the temperature difference from the outside. Therefore, by making the thermal conductivity of the evaporation unit 210 smaller than the thermal conductivity of the condensing unit 230, the temperature difference between the outside and the condensing unit 230 can be made smaller than the temperature difference between the outside and the evaporating unit 210. it can. Since the temperature of the condensing unit 230 is higher than the external temperature, the temperature difference between the condensing unit 230 and the outside can be reduced by reducing the pressure inside the condensing unit 230.

(Fifth embodiment)
The cleaning system 1 of the fifth embodiment is different from the cleaning system 1 of the first embodiment in that if the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is low, the boiling point of carbon dioxide in the evaporation unit 210 and the condensing unit The pressures of the evaporating unit 210 and the condensing unit 230 are controlled so that the boiling point (condensation point) of carbon dioxide at 230 is lowered. Other configurations of the cleaning system 1 of the fifth embodiment are the same as those of the cleaning system 1 of the first embodiment.

First, the control device 500 stores the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 as a predetermined temperature. The control device 500 is configured so that the boiling point (condensation point) of carbon dioxide in the condensing unit 230 is higher than the external temperature so that the boiling point of carbon dioxide in the evaporating unit 210 is lower than the external temperature. The pressure of the evaporation unit 210 and the condensation unit 230 is adjusted. The temperature difference between the evaporation unit 210 and the outside at this time is T _v0 , and the temperature difference between the condensation unit 230 and the outside is T _c0 .

  When the external temperature rises, the control device 500 adjusts the pressure of the condensing unit 230 so that the temperature of the condensing unit 230 becomes higher than the external temperature.

  On the other hand, when the external temperature falls, the control device 500 adjusts the pressure of the evaporation unit 210 so that the temperature of the evaporation unit 210 is lower than the external temperature.

When the external temperature falls below a predetermined temperature stored in the control device 500, the control device 500 adjusts the pressure of the evaporation unit 210 so as to lower the temperature of the evaporation unit 210, and the condensing unit. The pressure of the condensing unit 230 is adjusted so as to lower the temperature of 230. By doing so, the temperature difference between the evaporation unit 210 and the outside can be maintained at T _v0 , and the temperature difference between the condensation unit 230 and the outside can be maintained at T _c0 .

  As described above, in the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus provided in the cleaning system 1 of the fifth embodiment, when the external temperature detected by the temperature sensor 400 is lower than a predetermined temperature, the compressor 220 and the valve a271 are used. The valve b272 and the valve c273 are configured to lower the pressure of the evaporation unit 210 and lower the pressure of the condensing unit 230.

  By doing in this way, the energy which needs to be supplied from the outside in order to heat the evaporation part 210 and to cool the condensation part 230 can be reduced.

  The embodiment disclosed above should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above embodiment but by the scope of claims, and includes all modifications and variations within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.

1 is a diagram schematically showing an entire cleaning system as a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure relevant to the control of a washing | cleaning system.

Explanation of symbols

  1: Cleaning system, 100: Cleaning tank, 110: Object to be cleaned, 210: Evaporating section, 220: Compressor, 230: Condensing section, 271: Valve a, 272: Valve b, 273: Valve c, 400: Temperature Sensor, 500: control device.

Claims (7)

An evaporation section for evaporating liquid carbon dioxide;
Evaporating section pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure inside the evaporating section;
A condensing unit for condensing carbon dioxide evaporated in the evaporating unit;
A condensing part pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressure inside the condensing part;
Heat exchanging means for exchanging heat between the evaporating unit and the condensing unit;
A temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature outside the evaporating unit and the condensing unit;
The evaporating unit pressure adjusting unit is configured to adjust the pressure inside the evaporating unit so that the boiling point of carbon dioxide inside the evaporating unit is lower than the external temperature detected by the temperature detecting unit. And
The condensing unit pressure adjusting unit is configured to adjust the pressure inside the condensing unit such that the boiling point of carbon dioxide inside the condensing unit is higher than the external temperature detected by the temperature detecting unit. Carbon dioxide distillation equipment.   When the external temperature detected by the temperature detection unit is lower than a predetermined temperature, the evaporation unit pressure adjustment unit lowers the pressure of the evaporation unit, and the condensing unit pressure adjustment unit includes the condensation unit. The carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to lower the pressure of the carbon dioxide.   The evaporating unit pressure adjusting unit and the condensing unit pressure adjusting unit are configured so that the amount of heat flowing from the outside to the inside of the evaporating unit is substantially equal to the amount of heat flowing from the inside of the condensing unit to the outside. The carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pressure inside the condensing unit is adjusted.   The evaporating unit pressure adjusting unit and the condensing unit pressure adjusting unit are configured so that the amount of heat flowing from the outside to the inside of the evaporating unit is smaller than the amount of heat flowing from the inside of the condensing unit to the outside. The carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus is configured to adjust a pressure inside the condensing unit.   The evaporating unit pressure adjusting unit and the condensing unit pressure adjusting unit are configured so that the amount of heat flowing from the outside to the inside of the evaporating unit is larger than the amount of heat flowing from the inside of the condensing unit to the outside. The carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus is configured to adjust a pressure inside the condensing unit.   The carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a thermal conductivity of the evaporation unit is smaller than a thermal conductivity of the condensing unit. A cleaning tank for cleaning an object to be cleaned with supercritical or liquid carbon dioxide;
A supply path for supplying carbon dioxide from the condensing unit to the cleaning tank;
A discharge path for discharging carbon dioxide from the cleaning tank to the evaporation section;
A cleaning apparatus comprising the carbon dioxide distillation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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