JP2009262088A - Waste processing machine and waste treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste processing machine which is capable of crushing wastes by surely incorporating the same between each rotation cutter, and to provide a waste treatment method. <P>SOLUTION: The waste processing machine 100 to perform the waste treatment has a first and second rotation cutters 21, 22 and is provided with a double blade crushing machine 2 that incorporates the waste H between the first and second rotation cutters 21, 22 to crush the same by rotating the first and second rotation cutters 21, 22 mutually to the opposite direction around the rotation axes 25, 26. The first rotation cutter 21 is arranged above the second rotation cutter 22. The plane M including the rotation axis 25 of the first rotation cutter 21 and the rotation axis 26 of the second rotation cutter 22 inclines to the horizontal plane N including the rotation axis 26 of the second rotation cutter 22. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste processing apparatus for processing waste such as used paper diapers and bags and containers used for the collection, and a waste processing method using the same.

  In recent years, with the shift to an aging society, demand for disposable diapers is increasing. Therefore, the amount of used diapers discharged from nursing homes and hospitals is increasing year by year. On the other hand, used paper diapers, which are discharged in large quantities from the viewpoint of resource utilization, are collected in a lump and processed centrally to recycle the paper diapers and their plastics and paper into fuel. I'm starting. At this time, in order to ensure the quality as a fuel, it is necessary to efficiently separate the polymer gel adsorbing a large amount of water contained in the used paper diaper during the recycling operation.

The structure of a conventional paper diaper differs depending on the manufacturer, but it is basically composed of a surface material, a waterproof material, an absorbent material, and other tapes. Polypropylene, polyester, etc. are used for the surface material and waterproof material, and water-absorbing paper, cotton-like pulp, and polymer absorbent material are used for the water-absorbing material.
Since used paper diapers are processed in a lump for bags and containers used for collection, in addition to the materials used for paper diapers, materials that are mixed with vinyl, plastic, cardboard, excrement, etc. will be processed. .

Here, an example of a conventional waste disposal method will be described with reference to FIG.
(a) First, sterilize used paper diapers and their containers and bags that have been collected and stored. (b) Next, the used paper diaper and its containers and bags are crushed with a biaxial crusher and broken into small pieces. (c) Furthermore, an alkali solution or the like is added to the crushed pieces to release water absorbed by the polymer absorbent in the form of a polymer gel. (d) After that, the lumps of water-containing small pieces are squeezed into water and solids (plastic, paper, etc.). The squeezer squeezes water and the remaining polymer gel from a small gap on the side by pushing a lump of water-containing pieces forward with a screw conveyor. (e) A solid mass discharged from the front of the squeezing machine is dried to remove residual moisture. (f) The dried solid content is further crushed as necessary, and then sent to a granulator to obtain fuel pellets. (g) On the other hand, the water separated by the squeezer further separates the remaining solid content by the filter, and the water is re-used as an alkaline solution after disinfection. The solid content is mixed in the crushing and granulating step (f) after drying.

By the way, the biaxial crusher used in the conventional recycling method usually includes first and second rotary cutters 201 and 202 as shown in FIG. The plane m including the rotation axes 203 and 204 of the rotary cutters 201 and 202 is parallel to the horizontal plane n including the rotation axis 204 of one of the rotary cutters 202, and the inclination angle is approximately 0 degrees. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). In addition, the code | symbol H shown in FIG. 8 is wastes, such as a plastic container, and the code | symbol 205 has shown inner wall surfaces, such as a hopper for throwing the waste H into a biaxial crusher.
JP 2000-317333 A

Waste such as container contents can be caught and crushed even if the plane formed by the two rotating shafts as described above has an inclination angle of approximately 0 degrees, but in the case of plastic containers, cardboard, etc. In some cases, the rotating cutters do not fit well, and even if they are bitten, they may be chipped or cut, preventing the plastic container or cardboard from being pulled into the space between the rotating cutters. There was a problem that could not be done.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a waste treatment apparatus and a waste treatment method capable of reliably bringing a waste material between rotating cutters and crushing the waste material.

In order to solve the above problems, the invention of claim 1 is a waste treatment apparatus for treating waste,
The first and second rotary cutters have the first and second rotary cutters, and the first and second rotary cutters rotate about the rotation axis in opposite directions to draw the waste between the first and second rotary cutters. Equipped with a 2-axis crusher
The first rotary cutter is disposed above the second rotary cutter;
A plane including a rotation axis of the first rotary cutter and a rotation axis of the second rotary cutter is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane including the rotation axis of the second rotary cutter. .

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the biaxial crusher is provided that draws waste between the first and second rotary cutters and crushes the waste, and the first rotary cutter is disposed above the second rotary cutter. The plane including the rotation axis of the first rotary cutter and the rotation axis of the second rotary cutter is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane including the rotation axis of the second rotary cutter. It becomes difficult to slip on the second rotating cutter, and can be reliably pulled and crushed between the first and second rotating cutters.
In addition, since the generation of fine powders and fibers can be suppressed by crushing at low speed and shearing with a twisted blade biaxial crusher, the necessary capacity such as the auxiliary process of the recycling process, for example, the reuse of water, does not increase. There are also advantages.

The invention of claim 2 is the waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1,
A throwing unit for feeding the waste along the inner wall surface and feeding the waste between the first and second rotary cutters;
When viewed from the direction of the rotation axis, among the inner wall surfaces forming the input portion, on the inner wall surface facing the rotation surface of the first rotation cutter on the second rotation cutter side, A tilting angle with respect to an intersecting horizontal surface is variable, or a movable wall is provided that can move horizontally with respect to the inner wall surface.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the movable wall whose inclination angle is variable on the inner wall surface facing the rotating surface of the first rotating cutter on the second rotating cutter side when viewed from the rotation axis direction. Therefore, by making the inclination angle of the movable wall variable, the waste is thrown in along the wall surface of the movable wall and is surely drawn between the first and second rotary cutters. And can be crushed. Also, in the case of a movable wall that can move horizontally, the distance between the movable wall and the first rotating cutter that faces the movable wall can be reduced. It can be reliably pulled and crushed between the rotary cutters.

The invention of claim 3 is the waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
A centrifuge unit is provided for centrifuging the small pieces obtained by crushing the waste with the biaxial crusher using wind pressure and centrifugal force.

According to the invention of claim 3, since the centrifuge is provided for centrifuging the small pieces obtained by crushing the waste with a twin-screw crusher using wind pressure and centrifugal force, , Solids such as plastic pieces and paper pieces and polymer gels and liquids can be separated. Then, the gel is separated while absorbing water, and the solid content is taken out in a smooth state. The solid content can be granulated as it is through a secondary crushing step. As described above, since the solid content and the gel / liquid can be reliably separated, the conventionally required drying step can be omitted, and the processing step can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.
In addition, by providing a biaxial crusher in front of the centrifuge, the structure of the biaxial crusher has a very small gap at the discharge port that leads to the centrifuge, thereby eliminating the effect of wind generated in the centrifuge. be able to. As a result, it is possible to prevent the separated solid content or gel / liquid from flowing back to the charging unit and being scattered by the wind generated in the centrifugal separation unit.

Invention of Claim 4 is a waste processing method of processing a waste using the waste processing apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-3,
After crushing the waste with the biaxial crusher of the waste treatment apparatus, the obtained small piece is centrifuged,
The solid content after centrifugation is directly or secondarily crushed and then granulated.

  According to the invention of claim 4, fuel pellets and the like can be produced and reused by granulating directly or after secondarily crushing the centrifuged solid content.

The invention of claim 5 is the waste treatment method according to claim 4,
Sterilization is performed in the step after the centrifugation.

  According to invention of Claim 5, since it sterilizes in the process after centrifuging, the fuel pellet etc. which were sterilized can be manufactured.

  According to the present invention, the waste is less likely to slip on the first and second rotating cutters, and can be reliably pulled and crushed between the first and second rotating cutters.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view when the waste treatment apparatus 100 is viewed from the front, FIG. 2 is a schematic view when the waste treatment apparatus 100 is viewed from the side, and FIG. It is the schematic diagram which showed the positional relationship of the 1st rotation cutter 21 and the 2nd rotation cutter 22, and the movable wall 3 from which inclination-angle (alpha) is variable.
The waste disposal apparatus 100 includes a disposable paper diaper, an input unit 1 for introducing waste such as plastic bags, cardboard, and plastic containers used for collecting used paper diapers, and a biaxial crusher 2 for crushing waste. A movable wall 3 that feeds waste from the input unit 1 to the twin-screw crusher 2, a centrifuge 4 that centrifuges the crushed pieces, and a solid content that discharges the solid content separated by the centrifuge 4 A discharge unit 5 and a gel / liquid discharge unit 6 for discharging the gel / liquid separated by the centrifugal separation unit 4 are provided.

  The input unit 1 is a hopper that inputs waste into the biaxial crusher 2 when the waste is input. The inner wall surface 11 forming the input portion 1 has a tapered shape that spreads outward from the lower end portion toward the upper end portion. The upper surface 12 and the lower surface 13 of the charging portion 1 are substantially horizontal, and the inner wall surface 11 is inclined with respect to the upper surface 12 and the lower surface 13. 3A, when the first and second rotary cutters 21 and 22 constituting the biaxial crusher 2 are viewed from the directions of the rotary shafts 25 and 26, the input portion 1 is formed. Of the inner wall surface 11, a horizontal bottom surface 11 b that intersects the inner wall surface 11 a is positioned on the inner wall surface 11 a that is located on the second rotating cutter 22 side and faces the peripheral blade surface (rotating surface) of the first rotating cutter 21. A movable wall 3 is provided with a variable inclination angle α. The bottom surface 11 b is horizontal to the upper surface 12 and the lower surface 13 of the charging unit 1. That is, the movable wall 3 is installed inclined with respect to the inner wall surface 11a. Here, an example of the movable wall 3 in which the inclination angle α is variable will be described.

  The movable wall 3 has a substantially rectangular plate shape, is movable, and the inclination angle α with respect to the bottom surface 11b is variable. For example, a hinge shaft 321 is provided at the lower end portion 32 of the movable wall 3, and the upper end portion 31 is in contact with the inner wall surface 11a. Then, the upper end portion 31 can rotate and move from the inner wall surface 11a toward the first rotary cutter 21 around the hinge shaft 321. The hinge shaft 321 is provided in parallel with the rotation shafts 25 and 26 of the first and second rotary cutters 21 and 22, and is driven by a drive source 33 provided on the outer surface of the input unit 1. Yes. For example, a support bar 34 is provided between the drive source 33 and the movable wall 3, and the support bar 34 is driven to rotate about the hinge shaft 321. Therefore, the waste H can be easily bitten between the first rotary cutter 21 and the second rotary cutter 22 by moving the inclination angle α to be a predetermined angle. The inclination angle α is preferably increased from about 60 degrees, for example. Note that the waste H shown in FIG. 3A is a plastic container.

  The movable wall 3 described above is a case where the inclination angle α is variable. However, as shown in FIG. 3B, the movable wall 3 can be moved horizontally with respect to the inner wall surface 11aB. It may be 3B. That is, the inclination angle γ formed by the horizontal bottom surface 11bB intersecting the inner wall surface 11aB and the inner wall surface 11aB is equal to the inclination angle γ formed by the bottom surface 11bB and the movable wall 3B. The movable wall 3B moves horizontally. In this case, a support bar 34B is provided between the inner wall surface 11aB and the movable wall 3B so as to support the movable wall 3B horizontally with respect to the inner wall surface 11aB and extend. And the length of the support bar 34B is made variable by driving the support bar 34B by the drive source 33 similar to FIG.

4 is a view showing the biaxial crusher 2 when viewed from the AA direction in FIG. 3A, and FIG. 5 is a view showing the first and second rotary cutters 21 and 22 in detail. It is. (Note that FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram, so that the rotational surfaces of the first and second rotary cutters 21 and 22 are shown in contact with each other for the sake of the drawing. It is as it was.)
The biaxial crusher 2 extends into the frame 23, two rotary shafts 25 and 26 that are supported by the frame 23 and provided via bearings 24 and 24, and the rotary shafts 25 and 26. A plurality of first and second rotary cutters 21 and 22 provided in a portion to be provided, and a plurality of collars 27 and 28 having a smaller diameter than the first and second rotary cutters 21 and 22.
The rotary cutters 21 and 22 and the collars 27 and 28 are alternately fitted and supported. A plurality of blades 211 and 221 are formed on the circumferences of the first and second rotating cutters 21 and 22.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3A, the first rotary cutter 21 is disposed above the second rotary cutter 22, and the rotary shaft 25 of the first rotary cutter 21 and the second rotary cutter 21 are rotated. A plane M including the rotation axis 26 of the cutter 22 is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane N including the rotation axis 26 of the second rotation cutter 22. Specifically, the inclination angle β between the horizontal plane N and the plane M including the rotary shaft 25 of the first rotary cutter 21 and the rotary shaft 26 of the second rotary cutter 22 is preferably 45 degrees. .
Further, spur gears 251 and 261 that mesh with each other are provided at one ends of the rotating shafts 25 and 26 that protrude outward from the frame 23. As a result, the rotary shafts 25 and 26 (the rotary cutters 21 and 22) rotate in opposite directions, and the waste H can be drawn between the two rotary cutters 21 and 22 and crushed. On the other hand, a motor 29 is connected to the other end of the rotating shaft 26 protruding outward from the frame 23 via a speed reduction mechanism. The second rotary cutter 22 is rotationally driven by the motor 29, and the first rotary cutter 21 is rotationally driven in the opposite direction to the second rotary cutter 22 via the spur gears 261 and 251. ing. The first rotary cutter 21 is preferably rotated at a lower speed than the second rotary cutter 22. As a result, the waste H can be easily drawn between the two rotating cutters 21 and 22, and can be reliably crushed.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the centrifuge 4 is provided below the biaxial crusher 2 and is connected to a container 41 and a motor (not shown) provided inside the container 41. A rotating shaft 42, a rotating plate 43 fixed to the rotating shaft 42, a separating portion 44a such as a punching metal that is provided below the rotating plate 43 and transmits only gel or liquid, and the separated gel or liquid A guide portion 44 that leads to the liquid discharge portion 6 is provided.
As shown in FIG. 1, the sorting portion 44 a is formed by assembling a plate material such as a mountain-shaped or arc-shaped punching metal downward as viewed from the front.
As shown in FIG. 1, the guide portion 44 is formed by assembling a plate material so as to form a mountain shape downward as viewed from the front. The guide portion 44 covers the lower portion of the sorting portion 44 a, and a discharge hole 45 connected to the gel / liquid discharge portion 6 is formed at the lower end portion of the guide portion 44.
On the side surface of the container 41, a solid content discharge unit 5 that discharges the solid content separated by the wind pressure and centrifugal force of the rotating plate 43 is attached. A gel / liquid discharge unit 6 for discharging gel or liquid separated by force is attached.
The small pieces crushed by the biaxial crusher 2 are scattered by the wind pressure and centrifugal force by the rotation of the rotating plate 43, and the solid content is scattered to the solid content discharge section 5, and the gel and liquid permeate through the sorting section 44a to be guided. After being received and collected by the portion 44, it flows into the gel / liquid discharge portion 6 through the discharge hole 45.

Next, the waste processing method will be described together with the operation of the waste processing apparatus 100.
FIG. 6 is a process diagram of the waste treatment method.
First, (a) the collected and stored waste is sterilized, and (b) after that, the waste is input to the input unit 1 of the waste processing apparatus 100. The introduced waste is drawn between the first and second rotary cutters 21 and 22 along the wall surface of the movable wall 3 and crushed. (c) The crushed pieces are centrifuged by wind pressure and centrifugal force by the rotating plate 43 of the centrifuge 4, and the solid content such as plastic and paper is sent to the solid content discharge section 5, and the gel and liquid are It is sent to the gel / liquid discharge unit 6. (d) The solid content sent to the solid content discharge unit 5 is crushed again to a predetermined size, and then granulated with a granulator to obtain fuel pellets. (e) On the other hand, the gel / liquid sent to the gel / liquid discharge unit 6 releases the absorbed moisture by adding an alkaline solution or the like. (f) Thereafter, water is removed by a filter, and the separated solid is dried, and (d) crushed again, and then granulated by a granulator to obtain fuel pellets.

As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the biaxial crusher 2 that draws the waste H between the first and second rotary cutters 21 and 22 and crushes the waste H is provided, and the first rotary cutter 21 is the second rotary cutter 21. The plane M, which is arranged above the rotary cutter 22 and includes the rotary shaft 25 of the first rotary cutter 21 and the rotary shaft 26 of the second rotary cutter 22, has a rotational axis 26 of the second rotary cutter 22. Since it is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane N to be contained, the waste H is less likely to slip on the first and second rotary cutters 21 and 22 and is reliably pulled in between the first and second rotary cutters 21 and 22. Can be crushed.
Further, since the generation of fine powders and fibers can be suppressed by crushing at low speed and shearing with the twisted-blade biaxial crusher 2, the necessary capacity such as auxiliary process of the recycling process, for example, reuse of water does not increase. There is also an advantage.
Further, when viewed from the direction of the rotary shafts 25 and 26, a movable wall whose inclination angle α is variable on the inner wall surface 11a facing the rotation surface of the first rotation cutter 21 on the second rotation cutter 22 side. 3 is provided, by making the inclination angle α of the movable wall 3 variable, the waste H is thrown in along the wall surface of the movable wall 3 and the first and second rotary cutters 21, It can be reliably pulled between 22 and crushed. The same effect can be obtained when the movable wall 3B is horizontally movable as shown in FIG.
Furthermore, since the centrifugal separation unit 4 for centrifuging the small pieces obtained by crushing the waste H with the biaxial crusher 2 is provided, the solids are separated from the small pieces by wind pressure, centrifugal force and sieve (punching metal). The polymer gel / liquid can be separated. Then, the gel is separated while absorbing water, and the solid content is taken out in a smooth state. The solid content can be granulated as it is through a secondary crushing step. As described above, since the solid content and the gel / liquid can be reliably separated, the conventionally required drying step can be omitted, and the processing step can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.
Further, by providing the biaxial crusher 2 in front of the centrifuge 4, the biaxial crusher 2 is generated in the centrifuge 4 because the structure of the biaxial crusher 2 has a very small gap between the discharge ports connected to the centrifuge 4. The influence of wind can be eliminated. As a result, it is possible to prevent the thrown-in component from flowing backward from the throwing-in unit 1 and being scattered by the wind generated in the centrifugal separator 4.
Further, after directly or secondarily crushing the centrifuged solid content, the pellets can be granulated to produce fuel pellets and the like, which can be reused.

In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the summary, it can change suitably.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the waste collected and stored in advance is sterilized. However, sterilization may be performed in the step after centrifugation without sterilization in advance.

It is the schematic at the time of seeing a waste disposal apparatus from the front. It is the schematic at the time of seeing a waste disposal apparatus from the side. (a) is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the first rotary cutter and the second rotary cutter of the biaxial crusher and a movable wall with a variable inclination angle, and (b) is a deformation of the movable wall. It is the schematic diagram which showed the example. It is the figure which showed the biaxial crusher at the time of seeing from the AA direction of Fig.3 (a). It is the figure which showed the 1st and 2nd rotation cutter in detail. It is process drawing of a waste disposal method. It is process drawing of the conventional waste disposal method. It is the figure which showed the conventional rotary cutter.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Input part 2 Biaxial crusher 3, 3B Movable wall 4 Centrifugal part 11a, 11aB Inner wall surface 11b Bottom 21 First rotary cutter 22 Second rotary cutter 25, 26 Rotary shaft 100 Waste disposal apparatus H Waste N Horizontal plane M Plane α, γ Inclination angle

Claims (5)

A waste treatment apparatus for treating waste,
The first and second rotary cutters have the first and second rotary cutters, and the first and second rotary cutters rotate about the rotation axis in opposite directions to draw the waste between the first and second rotary cutters. Equipped with a 2-axis crusher
The first rotary cutter is disposed above the second rotary cutter;
A plane including a rotation axis of the first rotary cutter and a rotation axis of the second rotary cutter is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane including the rotation axis of the second rotary cutter. Waste treatment equipment. A throwing unit for feeding the waste along the inner wall surface and feeding the waste between the first and second rotary cutters;
When viewed from the direction of the rotation axis, among the inner wall surfaces forming the input portion, on the inner wall surface facing the rotation surface of the first rotation cutter on the second rotation cutter side, The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a movable wall that is variable in inclination angle with respect to the intersecting horizontal surface or that can move horizontally with respect to the inner wall surface.   The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a centrifuge for centrifuging small pieces obtained by crushing the waste with the biaxial crusher. A waste disposal method for treating waste using the waste disposal apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
After crushing the waste with the biaxial crusher of the waste treatment apparatus, the obtained small piece is centrifuged using wind pressure and centrifugal force,
A waste disposal method characterized by granulating the solid content after centrifugation directly or after secondary crushing.   The waste treatment method according to claim 4, wherein sterilization is performed in the step after the centrifugation.

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