JP2009232706A - Apparatus for growing and proliferating coral - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for growing and proliferating coral, which greatly improves an adhesion rate of coral and, while having low power consumption and excellent economic efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: A domed or pseudo-domed skeleton 12 is formed by iron bar-like bodies 11. Surfaces except the lower opening part 13 of the skeleton 12 are closed with iron net-like materials 14 having innumerable opening parts to form a domed or pseudo-domed coral adhesion base 2 and one or a plurality of plus terminals 5 are arranged in a standing condition in the coral adhesion base 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a coral breeding and breeding apparatus for growing corals to grow and proliferate by causing the larvae after coral spawning to grow.

  Coral larvae usually land in coral reef holes and crevices, and those that survive and grow out of the coral reef holes and crevices, but die without being able to find a suitable rocky place, It is said that there are 99%. This is because the chance that coral larvae can settle is a short period of about one week per year, and is highly contingent.

  Therefore, as a method for increasing the rate of coral larvae, a disc-shaped epiplate, a spacer having a smaller diameter, and a conical connecting / inserting portion having a smaller diameter than the spacer are overlapped in this order. The coral larvae are artificially molded by using a base material for promoting the formation of Ryukyu limestone, which is molded integrally and has a conical hole that reaches the conical connection / insertion part from the disk-shaped formation plate part. A method for breeding coral reefs to be landed has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  However, this method is not suitable for a large-scale coral breeding method, because it is necessary to install a growth promoting base material one week before egg laying. In other words, the coral reef sea area is vast, and there is a problem in terms of cost to grow and grow a large amount of corals.

  On the other hand, as a coral reef construction method, a fixed reef for a wave-dissipating block with a plurality of arms radially laid is laid in a sea area where corals inhabit, and a concrete Jinkasa-shaped moving reef is put on the arm of this fixed reef, A method for creating a coral reef has been proposed in which coral larvae grow on the reef and then relocated to the sea in a sightseeing underwater landscape facility (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  However, this method has a problem that the moving reef easily falls down due to external forces such as waves and tidal currents because the moving reef is merely placed on the fixed reef. In addition, since the moving reef is made of coral concrete, it is not suitable for improving the coral larvae settlement rate.

  In addition, according to “Report of the Third Pemuteran Blorock Coral Reef Restoration Workshop” in Non-Patent Document 1, in Indonesia, northern Bali, and Pemuteran, construction rebars are placed on the bottom of sandy ground at about 3 to 6 meters below sea level. A large coral reef that has been welded in a grid and has many large coral-like structures, and wires that carry current are tightly stretched around the rebar, and are connected to power equipment on land to apply current to the coral reef. It is said to encourage the regeneration of.

  When planting live coral pieces in this lattice structure, the coral begins to grow 5 to 10 times faster than normal, and the color will be brighter and more resilient to hot weather and pollution. Has been.

  However, since this method is a method of planting corals, coral fragments are collected or child stocks are cut from the parent strain, so it is easy for corals themselves to be damaged and continue to survive after transplantation. Not. Therefore, only specific corals will be nurtured. There are a wide variety of corals, and it is preferable to grow corals as naturally as possible without destroying the biological environment.

JP 2003-61506 A Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 2-55011 "Report of the Third Pemuteran Blorock Coral Reef Restoration Workshop" [online] Global Coral Reef Alliance (Earth's Coral Reef Friends Association) [Search January 28, 2008] Internet <URI: http://www.globalcoral.org>

  The present invention has been made in order to solve such problems. The object of the present invention is to dramatically improve the establishment rate of coral larvae, while at the same time providing highly economical coral with low power consumption. It is to provide a breeding and breeding apparatus.

  The coral breeding and breeding apparatus according to claim 1 of the present application forms a dome-like or pseudo-dome-like skeleton with an iron rod-like body, and an iron net-like shape having innumerable openings on the surface other than the lower opening of the skeleton. A dome-shaped or pseudo-dome-shaped coral-growing base is formed by blocking with an object, and one or a plurality of anodes are erected in the coral-growing base, and current is applied to the coral-growing base. And

  The coral breeding and proliferating apparatus according to claim 2 of the present application is characterized in that the long diameter of the opening portion of the mesh is 30 mm to 150 mm and the short diameter is 12 mm to 50 mm.

The coral breeding and proliferating apparatus according to claim 3 of the present application is characterized in that the current density applied to the coral growth base is 1 A / m ^{2 to} 20 A / m ² .

  In the coral breeding and proliferating apparatus according to claim 4 of the present application, the current applied to the coral settlement base is initially reduced and then gradually increased to make the composition of the electrodeposit suitable for coral larvae settlement. It is characterized by that.

  The coral growing and proliferating apparatus according to claim 5 of the present application is characterized in that the anode electrode is an oxygen generating electrode formed by coating a titanium base material with a Mn-based element.

  The coral breeding and breeding apparatus according to claim 6 of the present application is characterized in that the direct current applied to the coral growth base is covered by using solar power generation, wind power generation, and wave power generation.

  In the invention according to claim 1 of the present application, a dome-shaped or pseudo-dome-shaped skeleton is formed by an iron rod-like body, and a surface other than the lower opening portion of the skeleton is closed with an iron net-like object having innumerable apertures. A dome-shaped or pseudo-dome-shaped coral-growth base is formed, and one or more anodes are erected in the coral-growth base and current is applied to the coral-growth base. Or an artificial dome-shaped coral-growing substrate and the anode can be brought close to each other. For this reason, it became possible to suppress the voltage rise at the time of electrodepositing electrodeposits such as calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide on the surface of the coral growth base, thereby suppressing the power consumption. Since seawater has electrical resistance, the greater the distance between the two poles, the higher the voltage will be, resulting in increased power consumption and reduced economics.

  Since electrodeposits such as calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide electrodeposited on the surface of the coral settlement base are derived from natural seawater, they are highly compatible with coral larvae, so coral larvae are not attached. Life will improve dramatically.

  In the invention according to claim 2 of the present application, the long diameter of the opening portion of the reticulate is 30 mm to 150 mm, and the short diameter is 12 mm to 50 mm. The reason is that calcium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide depends on the size of the opening portion. This is because it is necessary to change the accumulated amount of electrodeposits. A current is applied to the steel material, which is a mesh, from the outside. By using the mesh as a cathode, electrodeposits such as calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide are electrodeposited on the mesh, and the openings of the mesh are gradually narrowed. By making the pores suitable for the growth of coral larvae, the establishment rate of coral larvae can be dramatically improved.

In the invention according to claim 3 of the present application, the current density applied to the coral growth base is 1 A / m ^{2 to} 20 A / m ² , but as in the invention according to claim 4 of the present application, By reducing the applied current initially and then gradually increasing it, it is possible to determine the size of the openings of the mesh, which is the cathode, and the composition of the electrodeposits, making it suitable for coral growth and proliferation. Electrodeposits with high strength can be created.

  In the invention according to claim 5 of the present application, since the anode electrode is an oxygen generation electrode formed by coating a Mn-based element on a titanium base material, generation of chlorine can be suppressed and generation of oxygen can be achieved.

  Normally, when a current is applied with steel as a cathode in seawater, an oxidant such as oxygen or chlorine is generated on the anode side, causing oxidative corrosion and the current does not flow. Therefore, in general, an anode is an electrode coated with a noble metal such as platinum that is resistant to oxidation. However, when these electrodes are applied in seawater, chlorine generation has priority. Chlorine is toxic to corals and other organisms. Therefore, the electrode must give priority to oxygen generation rather than chlorine generation.

In the invention according to claim 6 of the present application, the direct current applied to the coral settlement base is covered using solar power generation, wind power generation, and wave power generation. When these natural energies are used, the current is not constant but fluctuates, but this does not pose a problem in the production of electrodeposits. For effective coral larval settlement, growth and proliferation, it is preferable to set the current density applied to the cathode structure to 1 A / m ^{2 to} 20 A / m ^2. Incorporation is preferred.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the coral growing and breeding apparatus 1 has a coral growth base 2 formed in a dome shape, that is, a semicircular sphere. The coral settlement base 2 is fixed to the seabed 4 by a plurality of (for example, about 3 to 4) concrete blocks 3 installed at equal intervals around the coral settlement base 2.

  The shape of the coral settlement base is not limited to a hemispherical shape, and there is no problem even if it is a pseudo dome shape such as a cylindrical shape, a cylindrical shape, a cone shape, a prism shape, a pyramid shape, a truncated cone shape, a truncated prism shape, etc. . In short, coral eggs drift on the ocean currents when laying corals, but any shape that can grow from any direction is acceptable.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the coral growth base 2 is made of iron having a semicircular skeleton 12 formed of an iron rod-like body 11, and an infinite number of openings on the surface other than the lower opening 13 of the skeleton 12. The net-like material 14 is attached.

As the rod-like body, a round bar or a flat steel is desirable. Further, as the net-like material, an expanded metal, a punching metal, a wire net or the like is desirable. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), the major axis L ₁ of the opening portion 15 of the mesh material 14 30Mm～150mm, it is desirable that the minor axis L ₂ and 12Mm～50mm. Furthermore, it is desirable that the long diameter L ₁ of the opening 15 of the net-like object 14 is 30 mm to 50 mm and the short diameter L ₂ is 12 mm to 22 mm. The reason is that it is necessary to change the accumulation amount of electrodeposits such as calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide depending on the size of the opening.

  The amount of coral electrodeposition is expressed by the following formula (1).

W = K × T × I (1)
Where W: electrodeposition amount (g)
K: Electrodeposition efficiency (constant by sea area experiment)
T: Number of energization days (days)
I: Current density (mA / cm ² )

  The electrodeposition thickness of the coral is expressed by the following mathematical formula (2).

t = W / ρ (2)
Where t: electrodeposition thickness (cm)
W: Electrodeposition amount (g)
ρ: Apparent specific gravity of the electrodeposit (about 2.1 g / cm ³ )

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the coral breeding / growing apparatus 1 has a plurality of anodes 5 erected in a coral-growing base 2 formed in a semi-spherical shape so that the coral-growing base 2 serving as a cathode An electric current is applied. That is, a straight steel support member 16 is bridged substantially horizontally to the lower opening 13 of the semicircular skeleton 12 and a plurality of anodes 5 are erected at equal intervals on the support member 16. I am letting. As shown in FIG. 3, the support member 16 is provided in the diameter direction at the center of the skeleton 12 formed in a semispherical shape. As shown in FIG. 3, the support member 16 may have a single letter shape. However, when a large number of anodes 5 are erected, the support member 16 may have a cross letter shape (radial shape) as shown in FIG. Further, the number of anodes 5 may be one.

  By the way, since seawater has an electrical resistance, as the distance between the two poles increases, the voltage rises, the power consumption increases, and the economy is reduced. Therefore, it is desirable that the anode 5 and the cathode be close to each other.

  In addition, when a current is applied using a steel material as a cathode in seawater, an oxidizing agent such as oxygen or chlorine is generated on the anode side, causing oxidative corrosion, and the current does not flow. Therefore, in general, an anode is an electrode coated with a noble metal such as platinum that is resistant to oxidation. However, when these electrodes are applied in seawater, the generation of chlorine has priority, so that chlorine is toxic to organisms such as corals. Therefore, the electrode must give priority to oxygen generation, not chlorine generation.

Therefore, an oxygen generating electrode formed by coating a titanium base material with a Mn-based element is applied to the anode. For example, the surface of a titanium base material is surface-treated with an electrolysis material (platinum-based noble metal) and manganese dioxide (MnO ₂ ) is used.

The current density applied to the coral growth substrate 2 is 1 A / m ^{2 to} 20 A / m ^2, and preferably 1 A / m ^{2 to} 10 A / m ² . In addition, the applied current is initially (for example, for 1 to 3 months from the start of energization), the current density is decreased, the composition of the electrodeposit is increased in calcium, the strength of the electrodeposit is increased, and gradually Increase current density. By controlling the current density in this way, it is possible to determine the size of the apertures of the reticulate, which is the cathode, and the composition of the electrodeposit, so that the electric current has strength suitable for coral growth and proliferation. A kimono can be created. The current density and composition ratio are as shown in FIG.

Moreover, although the direct current applied to the coral settlement base 2 is usually applied by converting commercial current into direct current, for example, solar power generation, wind power generation, or wave power generation may be used. Since it is preferable that the current density applied to the cathode structure and ^{1A / m 2 ~20A / m 2} , it is preferred to incorporate a control system that can ensure the current density. In addition, since this invention is a constant current system, a voltage is not prescribed | regulated. There are many factors that determine voltage, such as cable length, anode resistance, and seawater concentration.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, lead wires 6 connected to the respective electrodes 2 and 5 are laid to the coast, and are supplied by DC conversion from a general commercial power source 9 by a DC converter 8 provided on the land 7. It has become.

When a current density of 1 A / m ^{2 to} 20 A / m ² is applied to the coral growth base 2 constituting the cathode for several months, as shown in FIG. The surface is covered with the electrodeposit 20 and coral larvae are settled.

A hemispherical structure with a diameter of 1 m was installed in the coral reef around Oshima Gun Yoron-cho, Kagoshima Prefecture, 100 m offshore from the coast. On the surface of the hemispherical structure, an expanded metal (the major axis L _{1 of the} aperture is 30.5 mm, the minor axis L ₂ is 12 mm, and the thickness is 2.3 mm) is used as a cathode. Further, a manganese-based electrode having an electrode area of 1000 cm ² was installed as an anode inside the semispherical structure.
Lead wires were laid on each electrode to the shore, converted into direct current from a general commercial power source, and a current of 4 A was applied for about 3 months. The surface of the hemispherical structure was covered with an electrodeposit having a thickness of 2 mm, and it was observed that many coral larvae were deposited on the back side.

It is a schematic block diagram of the coral cultivation breeding device concerning the present invention. It is an expanded sectional view of a coral breeding breeding device. It is a top view of a supporting member. It is a top view which shows the other example of a supporting member. (A) Enlarged view of reticulated object (b) It is a partial plan view showing a state where an electrodeposit is attached to the surface of the reticulated object. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a current density and a composition ratio.

Explanation of symbols

2 Coral settlement base 5 Anode 11 Iron rod 12 Frame 13 Lower opening 14 Iron mesh

Claims (6)

  A dome-shaped or pseudo-dome-shaped skeleton is formed by an iron rod-shaped body, and the surface other than the lower opening of the skeleton is closed with an iron net-like object having numerous openings, and a dome-shaped or pseudo-dome-shaped coral is attached. A coral cultivating and breeding apparatus characterized in that a raw base is formed, and one or a plurality of anodes are erected in the coral base and a current is applied to the coral base.   2. The coral breeding and breeding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the reticulate has a major axis of 30 to 150 mm and a minor axis of 12 to 50 mm. The coral breeding and breeding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the current density applied to the coral growth base is 1 A / m ^{2 to} 20 A / m ² .   2. The coral breeding growth according to claim 1, wherein the current applied to the coral-growth substrate is initially reduced and then gradually increased to make the composition of the electrodeposit suitable for coral larvae-growth. apparatus.   The coral breeding and breeding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the anode electrode is an oxygen generating electrode formed by coating a Mn-based element on a titanium substrate.   The coral breeding and breeding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein direct current applied to the coral settlement base is covered by using solar power generation, wind power generation, or wave power generation.

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