JP2009183211A - Saccharification system, method for producing saccharified liquid and fermentation system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a saccharified liquid by which sugar can be obtained in good yield because the yield of cellulose can be improved by efficiently recovering the cellulose from a biomass of a waste system containing the cellulose. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing the saccharified liquid includes: a disintegration treatment step 26 for obtaining a disintegrated pulp containing the cellulose and impurities by disintegrating the waste-based biomass 1 by a disintegrator and an enzyme (a) 11 in the presence of water 13 by using a disintegration treatment device 3 equipped with a disintegration vessel into which the waste-based biomass 1 containing the cellulose and the impurity, the enzyme (a) 11 at least containing cellulase and the water 13 are inserted, and the disintegrator installed in the disintegrating vessel, a purification step 30 for obtaining the purified pulp by separating the impurities 15, 16, 17 and 18 from the obtained disintegrated pulp; and a saccharification reaction step 33 for obtaining the saccharified liquid 9 by saccharifying the cellulose in the obtained purified pulp. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a saccharification system, a method for producing a saccharified solution, and a fermentation system. More specifically, the yield of cellulose can be improved by efficiently recovering cellulose from waste biomass containing cellulose. The present invention relates to a saccharification system capable of improving the yield of sugar, a method for producing a saccharified solution, and a fermentation system.

  Conventionally, automobile fuel has relied on fossil resources such as petroleum, but fossil resources are limited resources, and development of alternative resources has been desired. In recent years, as an automobile fuel replacing fossil resources, for example, a technique using ethanol produced from biomass using plant resources such as sugar cane, corn, rice straw, and wood chips has attracted attention. Such use of ethanol is expected to be further promoted in the future as part of measures to prevent global warming.

  However, sugarcane and corn are edible resources, and there is concern that the use of these edible resources as industrial resources will raise the price of sugarcane and corn as well as the price of other foods. Has been. Therefore, it has been noticed that waste biomass, for example, waste paper such as cardboard and magazines is effectively used.

  As a method for obtaining ethanol from waste biomass, for example, the following methods are known. First, components other than cellulose (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “contaminants”) such as adhesives and staples are removed from used paper such as cardboard and magazines, and then with enzymes or acids. In this method, cellulose is saccharified and fermented with microorganisms to obtain ethanol. In the saccharification, as a method using an enzyme, for example, a method of removing glucose by solid-liquid separation and further hydrolyzing only soluble sugars and short fibers to obtain glucose (Patent Document 1), or solid-liquid separation. Thus, there has been reported a method in which microorganisms are further added as soluble sugars and short fibers alone and subjected to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (Patent Document 2). In addition, as a method using an acid, for example, a method in which a wood chip is heated with steam and then saccharified with dilute sulfuric acid and fermented (Patent Document 3) has been reported.

JP 2002-176997 A JP 2002-186938 A JP 2007-202518 A

  However, in the methods described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, when removing impurities from waste biomass, many celluloses are discarded along with the impurities. Therefore, there was a problem that the yield of sugar obtained from waste biomass was not sufficient. Specifically, when using aluminum laminated paper as waste biomass, it is difficult to sufficiently separate cellulose and aluminum because there are many adhesion parts between cellulose and aluminum, and many of them are discarded along with the disposal of aluminum. Cellulose was discarded.

  Note that the methods described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose that what is discarded as contaminants contains a large amount of cellulose, and therefore reuses these contaminants. However, reusing discarded contaminants means that components other than cellulose will be re-introduced into the saccharification tank, and components other than cellulose will stay in the device, reducing the processing capacity of the device. There was a problem to do. Moreover, there existed a problem that saccharification reaction was inhibited by components other than a cellulose.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and the problem is that the yield of cellulose can be improved by efficiently recovering cellulose from waste biomass containing cellulose. Since it can improve, it is providing the saccharification system which can improve a saccharide | sugar yield, the manufacturing method of a saccharified liquid, and a fermentation system.

  According to the present invention, the following saccharification system, method for producing a saccharified solution, and fermentation system are provided.

[1] A waste biomass containing cellulose and impurities, an enzyme (a) containing at least cellulase, and a disaggregation tank into which water is charged, and a disaggregator installed in the disaggregation tank, and the presence of water Below, the waste biomass is defibrated by the disintegrator and the enzyme (a) to obtain a defibrated pulp containing cellulose and contaminants, and the contaminants from the obtained defibrated pulp A saccharification system comprising: a refining device for separating a saccharified pulp to obtain a refined pulp; and a saccharification reaction device for saccharifying cellulose in the obtained refined pulp to obtain a saccharified solution.

[2] The waste biomass is at least one selected from the group consisting of pulp sludge, office waste paper, cardboard, magazines, magnetic paper, thermal paper, aluminum-laminated paper, film-coated paper, and sanitary product waste The saccharification system according to [1] above.

[3] The saccharification system according to [1] or [2], wherein the purification device is a device that separates by a difference in specific gravity, a device that separates by a difference in size, or a device that combines these devices.

[4] The waste biomass is converted into the defibrated pulp by the disaggregation processing device, and the defibrated pulp obtained by the disaggregation processing device is continuously supplied to the refining device [1] ] The saccharification system in any one of [3].

[5] The waste biomass is converted into the defibrated pulp by the disaggregation processing device, and the defibrated pulp obtained by the disaggregation processing device is supplied batchwise to the refining device [1 ] The saccharification system in any one of [3].

[6] The saccharification reaction apparatus saccharifies the cellulose with an enzyme (b) containing at least cellulase, and the FPU activity of the enzyme (a) in the defibrated pulp indicates that the total enzyme in the saccharified solution The saccharification system according to any one of [1] to [5], which is lower than the FPU activity.

[7] The cleaning device for cleaning the contaminants separated by the purification device, and the reuse device for recovering the cleaning liquid for cleaning the contaminants and putting it in the disaggregation tank of the disaggregation processing device. [1] The saccharification system according to any one of [6].

[8] A disaggregation treatment apparatus including a disintegration tank into which waste biomass including cellulose and impurities, an enzyme (a) including at least cellulase, and water are charged, and a disaggregator installed in the disaggregation tank. A disaggregation treatment step in which the waste biomass is defibrated by the disaggregator and the enzyme (a) in the presence of water to obtain a defibrated pulp containing cellulose and contaminants; The manufacturing method of the saccharified liquid which has the refinement | purification process which isolate | separates the said impurities from a pulp, and obtains refined pulp, and the saccharification reaction process which saccharifies the cellulose in the obtained said refined | pulverized pulp, and obtains a saccharified liquid.

[9] A fermentation system comprising a fermentation apparatus for fermenting a saccharified solution obtained by the saccharification system according to any one of [1] to [7] with a microorganism.

[10] The fermentation system according to [9], wherein a microorganism is added to the saccharification reaction apparatus, and the saccharification reaction apparatus is used as the fermentation apparatus.

  The saccharification system of the present invention can improve the yield of cellulose by efficiently recovering cellulose from waste-based biomass containing cellulose, and thus has the effect of improving the sugar yield. Is.

  The method for producing a saccharified solution of the present invention can improve the yield of cellulose by efficiently recovering cellulose from waste-based biomass containing cellulose. It is what you play.

  Since the fermentation system of the present invention includes the saccharification system of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a saccharide with a high yield and a fermented product with a high yield.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment. That is, it is understood that modifications and improvements as appropriate to the following embodiments are also within the scope of the present invention based on ordinary knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Should be.

[1] Saccharification system:
One embodiment of the saccharification system of the present invention is a disintegration tank into which waste biomass containing cellulose and impurities, an enzyme (a) containing at least cellulase, and water are charged, and the disintegration tank. A disaggregation processing apparatus provided with a disaggregator and defibrating waste biomass in the presence of water by a disaggregator and an enzyme (a) to obtain a disentangled pulp containing cellulose and impurities, and the obtained disentangled pulp And a saccharification reaction apparatus for saccharifying cellulose in the obtained refined pulp to obtain a saccharified solution.

  Since such a saccharification system can improve the yield of cellulose by efficiently recovering cellulose from waste biomass containing cellulose, it can improve the yield of sugar. In addition, saccharified liquid can also be made into fermented materials, such as ethanol, by fermenting with the microorganisms mentioned later, for example. For example, ethanol can be effectively used as a new resource to replace fossil resources such as petroleum.

  The saccharification system of the present embodiment converts waste biomass into defibrated pulp by a disaggregation treatment device and continuously supplies the defibrated pulp obtained by the disaggregation treatment device to a refining device, so-called continuous. In addition, the waste biomass is converted into defibrated pulp by a disaggregation treatment device, and the defibrated pulp is supplied to the refining device in a batch, so-called batch method. It may be a thing. In addition, although the processing time by a disaggregation processing apparatus changes also with FPU activities of enzyme (a), in the case of a batch type, it is preferable that it is 15-240 minutes, and it is still more preferable that it is 20-60 minutes. In the case of the continuous type, the average residence time is preferably 15 to 240 minutes, and more preferably 20 to 60 minutes.

[1-1] Disaggregation processing device:
The disaggregation processing apparatus provided in the saccharification system of the present embodiment includes a waste biomass containing cellulose and impurities, an enzyme (a) containing at least cellulase, and water into the disaggregation tank and the disaggregation tank. An installed disaggregator is provided, and in the presence of water, waste biomass is disentangled by the disaggregator and enzyme (a) to obtain a disentangled pulp containing cellulose and impurities. By such a disaggregation processing apparatus, for example, even if there are many adhesive portions between cellulose and aluminum, such as aluminum foil bonding paper (hereinafter abbreviated as aluminum bonding paper), cellulose and aluminum, that is, impurities Can be sufficiently separated, and the yield of sugar can be improved.

  A waste biomass containing cellulose and impurities, a disaggregation tank into which the enzyme (a) and water are charged, and a disintegrator installed in the disaggregation tank, and in the presence of water, a waste biomass Is not particularly limited as long as it can be defibrated by a disaggregator and an enzyme (a) to obtain a defibrated pulp containing cellulose and contaminants, for example, high concentration pulper, low concentration pulper, drum pulper, etc. Can do.

  The waste biomass targeted by the present invention is a waste containing paper or papermaking sludge mainly composed of cellulose pulp, and impurities. Specific examples include pulp sludge, waste office paper, cardboard, magazines, magnetic paper, thermal paper, aluminum-laminated paper, film-coated paper, and sanitary product waste. The waste biomass used in the saccharification system of the present embodiment is composed of the above-described pulp sludge, office waste paper, cardboard, magazine, magnetic paper, thermal paper, aluminum laminated paper, film coated paper, and sanitary supplies waste. It is preferable to use at least one selected from the group. By using waste such as pulp sludge as a raw material, the waste can be effectively used as an industrial resource.

  Contaminants contained in waste biomass include, for example, adhesives used in magazines, resins such as films coated with paper, staples, magnetic materials such as iron oxide, and aluminum paste. In order to obtain a high yield of sugar from waste biomass such as a metal such as aluminum of interleaving paper, it is necessary to remove the impurities from the waste biomass.

  The use ratio of the waste biomass is preferably 3 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 15% by mass with respect to the total amount of water and waste biomass. When the use ratio is less than 3% by mass, the cellulose concentration becomes too low, the concentration of the saccharified solution and the fermentation solution becomes low, and the target product (sugar and ethanol) cannot be efficiently recovered and concentrated. There is a risk of high costs. On the other hand, if it exceeds 30% by mass, the enzyme (a) does not spread over the entire waste biomass, and there is a risk that separation of impurities will be insufficient.

  The enzyme (a) contains at least cellulase, and is not particularly limited as long as it can defibrate waste biomass to be defibrated pulp containing cellulose and impurities, and peels impurities from cellulose. Particularly suitable ones, and those in which the enzyme activity is not easily affected by the presence of impurities can be appropriately selected. As the enzyme (a), an enzyme that operates under conditions suitable for each pH and temperature is selected according to the processing conditions. For example, when the reaction solution is in the acidic region of pH 4 to 5, it is derived from a Trichoderma genus, an Acremonium genus, an Aspergillus genus, a Fanerochaete genus, a Trametes genus Trametes or the like. Can be used. In the neutral region of pH 6-7, cellulase preparations derived from the genus Humicola can be used. In the alkaline region of pH 8 or higher, a cellulase preparation derived from the genus Bacillus can be used. Examples of such commercially available cellulase preparations are all trade names, for example, cellulosin T2 (manufactured by HIPI), mecerase (manufactured by Meiji Seika Co., Ltd.), Novozyme 188 (manufactured by Novozyme), multifect CX10L (manufactured by Genencor) And the like.

  Cellulase preparations include cellulolytic enzymes such as endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase and β-glucosidase, as well as a series of hemicellulose degrading enzymes such as xylan degrading enzyme, mannan degrading enzyme, pectin degrading enzyme and arabinan degrading enzyme. Preferably it contains at least one selected enzyme. For example, when using waste-based biomass that contains a lot of materials derived from hardwood, cellulase preparations that contain xylan-degrading enzymes such as xylanase and xylosidase are preferred, and waste-based biomass that contains a lot of materials derived from conifers is used. In this case, a cellulase preparation containing a mannan degrading enzyme such as mannanase is preferable. Furthermore, since the waste biomass may contain starch or the like, it may contain amylase or the like.

  The use ratio of the enzyme (a) is preferably set so that the value when measured by the FPU activity measurement method described later is 10 to 500 FPU with respect to 1 g of waste biomass. It is more preferable to set so as to be. When the use ratio is less than 10 FPU, the cellulose and impurities are not sufficiently separated, and the cellulose recovery rate may be reduced. On the other hand, if it exceeds 500 FPU, the amount of enzymes that adhere to the contaminants and are discarded together with the contaminants increases, which may increase the production cost.

  Here, “FPU activity” in the present specification is a value measured by the following FPU activity measurement method. First, 50 mg of filter paper (“No. 1” manufactured by Whatman) was used as a substrate, 0.5 ml of enzyme solution and 1.0 ml of citrate buffer (pH 4.8, 0.05 M) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. Perform the enzyme reaction for 1 hour. Then, 3.0 ml of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent is added and heated at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to cause color development. After cooling, 20 ml of ion-exchanged water or distilled water is added thereto, and colorimetric determination is performed at a wavelength of 540 nm. The amount of enzyme that produces reducing sugar corresponding to 1 μmol of glucose per minute was defined as 1 unit (FPU).

  It is preferable that the cellulose contained in the waste biomass is not completely decomposed by the enzyme (a). That is, the enzyme (a) is preferably used for defibrating waste biomass, for example, pH 4-7, 30-55 ° C., 15-240 minutes in waste biomass. It is preferred to treat cellulose.

  As described above, the pH is preferably 4 to 7, and more preferably 4.5 to 5.5. If the pH is less than 4, the enzyme (a) may be acid-denatured and deactivated. On the other hand, if it exceeds 7, the enzyme activity is low, the cellulose and impurities are not sufficiently separated, and the cellulose recovery rate may be reduced. As described above, the temperature is preferably 30 to 55 ° C, and more preferably 35 to 50 ° C. If the temperature is less than 30 ° C., the enzyme activity is low, so that the cellulose and impurities are not sufficiently separated, and the cellulose recovery rate may be reduced. On the other hand, if it exceeds 55 ° C, the enzyme (a) may be denatured and deactivated. Further, as described above, the reaction time is preferably 15 to 240 minutes, and more preferably 20 to 60 minutes. If the reaction time is less than 15 minutes, the cellulose and impurities are not sufficiently separated, and the cellulose recovery rate may be reduced. On the other hand, if it exceeds 240 minutes, decomposition of the cellulose proceeds excessively, resulting in shortening or saccharification, and it may be difficult to recover the cellulose in a long fiber state.

  In order to adjust the temperature in this disaggregation tank in the said range, the disaggregation tank of a disaggregation processing apparatus may be provided with a jacket structure, and may be provided with a coil heater and a cooling pipe. Moreover, the disaggregation processing apparatus may include a storage tank that stores waste biomass, enzyme (a), and water, which are connected to the disaggregation tank by each supply pipe, and each supply pipe has an open / close valve. Can also be installed. By opening and closing this on-off valve, waste biomass, enzyme (a), and water can be automatically supplied to the disaggregation tank appropriately.

  The disaggregator is installed in the disaggregation tank, and is not particularly limited as long as it can disaggregate waste biomass. For example, a rotating rod and a plurality of stirring members at the end of the rotating rod are used. Examples thereof include a stirrer having wings, a spiral rotor having a tab formed over substantially the entire shaft, and a helicopter rotor. When water and waste biomass are mixed by such a disaggregator, fibers in the waste biomass are loosened, and a defibrated pulp from which impurities are separated can be obtained.

[1-2] Purification apparatus:
The refining device provided in the saccharification system of this embodiment separates impurities from the obtained defibrated pulp to obtain a purified pulp. Such a refiner can remove impurities such as adhesives and films contained in waste biomass, staples, magnetic materials, metals such as aluminum, etc. Can be obtained at a rate.

  The refining device is not particularly limited as long as it can separate foreign substances from the obtained defibrated pulp, and may be, for example, a bucket screen provided in a pulper. Device (hereinafter may be referred to as “specific gravity difference separation device”), device that separates according to the difference in size (hereinafter may be referred to as “size difference separation device”), or a combination of these devices An apparatus is preferred. In addition, when using a size difference separator and a specific gravity difference separator in combination, two or more of them may be used.

  When two size difference separation devices and two specific gravity difference separation devices are used, the size difference separation device 4, the specific gravity difference separation device 5, the size difference separation device 6, and the specific gravity difference separation device 7, as shown in FIG. It can also be arranged in order, a size difference separation device, a size difference separation device, a specific gravity difference separation device, and a specific gravity difference separation device can be arranged in this order, or a specific gravity difference separation device, a size difference separation device, and a size difference separation. The device and the specific gravity difference separation device can also be arranged in this order. In addition, it is preferable to arrange the specific gravity difference separation device after the size difference separation device.

  Examples of the device (specific gravity difference separation device) that separates according to the difference in specific gravity include a liquid cyclone, a sedimentation tank, and the like. Examples of the liquid cyclone include a weight cleaner and a light weight cleaner. A heavy weight cleaner can separate heavy metals such as metals such as aluminum. Lightweight cleaners can separate light-weight items such as polystyrene foam and vinyl. The treatment method using a liquid cyclone is preferably a continuous method. In addition, when using a lightweight cleaner, it is preferable to arrange | position to the last of each separation apparatus.

  Examples of the device (size difference separation device) that separates according to the difference in size include a centrifugal force type drum screen, a centrifugal force type pressure screen, and a bag filter. In the saccharification system of the present embodiment, it is preferable to arrange a plurality of devices that separate according to the size difference such as a screen. Specifically, first, in order to remove foamed polystyrene, hard plastic, aluminum foil, film, metal, string, etc., a screen having an eye size of 2 to 50 mm is used. A 1-2 mm screen is used. By performing the separation process in multiple stages in this way, the cellulose recovery rate is increased. The separation process is preferably performed continuously.

  In addition, when using waste-based biomass that contains a lot of metals such as adhesives, films, and staples and staples, first, size difference separation with large eyes is used to prevent clogging at the later stage. After the apparatus is arranged, it is preferable to arrange a specific gravity difference separating apparatus, for example, a weight cleaner described later. By arranging such a weight cleaner, there is an advantage that it is difficult to damage the refining device even when a large amount of impurities is contained in the waste biomass.

[1-3] Saccharification reactor:
The saccharification reaction apparatus provided in the saccharification system of this embodiment obtains a saccharified solution by saccharifying cellulose in the obtained refined pulp. With such a saccharification reaction apparatus, cellulose can be saccharified well to obtain a saccharified solution.

  The solid content of the refined pulp is preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 25% by mass. When the above-mentioned use ratio is less than 5% by mass, the cellulose concentration becomes too low, the concentration of the saccharified solution and the fermented solution becomes low, and the target product (sugar and fermented product) is efficiently recovered and concentrated. Otherwise, the cost may increase. On the other hand, if it exceeds 30% by mass, the viscosity becomes too high and stirring may be difficult. In order to adjust the refined pulp solid content in the saccharification reaction apparatus to the above range, the refined pulp may be dehydrated and supplied to the saccharification reaction apparatus. It can be used in circulation.

  The method for saccharifying cellulose is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method such as an enzymatic method including cellulase or an acid hydrolysis method can be used. When saccharifying cellulose with an enzyme, the enzyme (b) that can be used may be the same as or different from the enzyme (a). In addition, when the amount of the enzyme necessary for saccharification is reached only by the enzyme (a) remaining in the saccharification reaction apparatus, the enzyme (b) may not be newly added. The ratio of the enzyme (b) in the saccharification reactor (that is, the ratio of the enzyme (b) added to the saccharification reactor) is such that the FPU activity is 30 to 1000 FPU with respect to 1 g of the solid content of the refined pulp. It is preferable to set, and it is more preferable to set to be 50 to 500 FPU. When the FPU activity is less than 30 FPU, the cellulose is not sufficiently decomposed and the yield of sugar may be reduced. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1000 FPU, the amount of enzyme is more than a sufficient amount relative to the raw material, so that the enzyme is retained in the activated state even though the yield of sugar is not improved. Minor enzyme deactivation may result in an increase in production costs.

  In addition, since the enzyme (a) is attached to the contaminants in the purification apparatus and may be discarded together with the contaminants, the FPU activity of the enzyme (a) in the defibrated pulp is saccharified. It is preferable that it is lower than the FPU activity of the whole enzyme (enzyme (a) + enzyme (b)) in the liquid.

  Moreover, although not shown in figure, the enzyme (a) and the enzyme (b) are the enzymes contained in the liquid after isolate | separating the saccharide | sugar and fermented product which are products after a subsequent saccharification reaction or a fermentation reaction. May be reused. At this time, only the amount of FPU activity consumed and reduced may be supplemented by adding a new enzyme.

  Saccharification can be performed by a conventionally known method. Specifically, the pH is preferably 4 to 7, and more preferably 4.5 to 5.5. The temperature is preferably 30 to 55 ° C, and more preferably 35 to 50 ° C. Moreover, you may add water as needed.

[1-4] Other devices:
The saccharification system of this embodiment can also be equipped with a disinfection apparatus other than a disaggregation processing apparatus, a refinement | purification apparatus, and a saccharification reaction apparatus. The sterilizer sterilizes waste biomass before being put into the disaggregation treatment device, and adheres to the waste biomass by sterilizing the waste biomass before processing with the disaggregation treatment device. It is possible to prevent the sugar in the saccharified solution from being consumed by various bacteria. The sterilization method in the sterilizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of exposing waste biomass to acid and alkali, a method of exposing waste biomass to a high temperature atmosphere, a method combining these methods, and the like. In addition, when sterilizing using the method exposed to an acid or an alkali, after sterilization, it is preferable to adjust to pH which does not deactivate the enzyme (a) used with a disaggregation processing apparatus, for example, weak acid vicinity. Moreover, when sterilizing using the method which exposes waste type | system | group biomass to a high temperature atmosphere, after sterilization, it is preferable to make it the temperature which does not deactivate the enzyme (a) used with a disaggregation processing apparatus, for example, room temperature.

  The saccharification system of the present embodiment further includes a cleaning device that cleans the contaminants separated by the purification device, and a reuse device that collects the cleaning liquid that has cleaned the contaminants and puts it into the disaggregation tank of the disaggregation processing device. Is preferred. By providing such a cleaning device and a reuse device, the enzyme (a) adhering to the contaminants can be reused in the purification device, so that the operating cost can be reduced.

  The cleaning device is for cleaning the impurities separated by the refining device. For example, the cleaning liquid tank for storing the cleaning liquid, the cleaning nozzle for discharging the cleaning liquid to the foreign materials accumulated in the refining device such as a screen, and the foreign materials A cleaning liquid storage tank that stores a cleaning liquid that has been cleaned can be used.

  As a cleaning method using a cleaning device, specifically, when using aluminum laminated paper as waste biomass, when the defibrated pulp is refined using a refining device, the refining device contains aluminum as a contaminant. Remains. The remaining aluminum is washed with the washing liquid of the washing device, and the enzyme (a) adhering to the aluminum is washed away. The foreign substances cleaned in this way can be directly landfilled or incinerated. In addition, when washing off enzyme (a), there exists a possibility that a contaminant may be collect | recovered together, but it can isolate | separate with the separation apparatus with which a reuse apparatus is equipped. As the cleaning liquid, sterilized water or the like can be used.

  In addition, before washing | cleaning the foreign material isolate | separated with the refiner | purifier with the washing | cleaning apparatus, it is preferable to spin-dry | dehydrate the said foreign material with a belt filter, a filter press, a screw press, an inclination extractor etc., for example. By dehydrating the contaminants in this way, it is possible to prevent unnecessary water from being added to the cleaning liquid storage tank, so that the enzyme (a) can be efficiently recovered.

  Moreover, it is also preferable to dehydrate the foreign matter after washing | cleaning with a washing | cleaning apparatus with a belt filter, a filter press, a screw press, an inclination extractor etc. which were mentioned above. By dehydrating the contaminants after washing in this manner, when the contaminants are incinerated and discarded, it is advantageous in terms of calorific value, and since the weight is reduced, the contaminants can be favorably delivered to a waste disposal contractor.

  It is preferable that the cleaning liquid that has cleaned the impurities in this way is collected by a reuse device and put into a disaggregation tank of the disaggregation treatment device. As a reuse device, for example, a separation device connected to a cleaning liquid storage tank of a cleaning device, a reuse pipe connecting this separation device and a disaggregation treatment device, and a disaggregation treatment of recovered water separated and recovered by the separation device A thing provided with the supply pump for supplying to an apparatus can be used.

[2] Method for producing saccharified solution:
As shown in FIG. 1, one embodiment of the method for producing a saccharified solution of the present invention comprises a waste biomass 1 containing cellulose and impurities, an enzyme (a) 11 containing at least cellulase, and water 13. Using the disaggregation processing apparatus 3 provided with the disaggregation tank and the disaggregation tank installed in the disaggregation tank, the waste biomass 1 is defibrated by the disaggregator and the enzyme (a) 11 in the presence of water 13. A disaggregation treatment step 26 for obtaining a defibrated pulp containing cellulose and impurities, a refining step 30 for separating the impurities 15, 16, 17, and 18 from the obtained defibrated pulp to obtain a refined pulp, and the obtained refinement And a saccharification reaction step 33 for obtaining a saccharified solution 9 by saccharifying cellulose in the pulp.

  By such a production method, the yield of cellulose can be improved by efficiently recovering cellulose from waste biomass containing cellulose, so that sugar can be obtained with high yield.

[2-1] Disaggregation processing step:
The saccharified solution production method of the present embodiment is first installed in a disintegration tank and a disintegration tank into which waste biomass containing cellulose and impurities, an enzyme (a) containing at least cellulase, and water are charged. The disaggregation processing apparatus provided with the disaggregation apparatus is used, and in the presence of water, the waste biomass is disentangled with the disaggregation apparatus and the enzyme (a) to obtain a disentanglement treatment process including cellulose and impurities. . By such a disaggregation process, for example, even if there are many adhesive parts between cellulose and aluminum, such as aluminum laminated paper, cellulose and aluminum can be sufficiently separated, and the yield of cellulose can be reduced. Can be improved. Therefore, the yield of sugar can be improved. As an apparatus used for the disaggregation process, for example, a disaggregation apparatus provided in the saccharification system of the present invention can be suitably used.

[2-2] Purification step:
Next, the manufacturing method of the saccharified liquid of this embodiment performs the refinement | purification process which isolate | separates a contaminant from the obtained defibrated pulp, and obtains a refined pulp. Such a purification process can remove impurities such as adhesives and films contained in waste biomass, staples, magnetic materials, metals such as aluminum, etc. Cellulose can be recovered and the yield of sugar can be increased. As a device used in the purification step, for example, a purification device provided in the saccharification system of the present invention can be suitably used.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the purification process is performed using a purification device in which the separation devices are arranged in the order of the size difference separation device 4, the specific gravity difference separation device 5, the size difference separation device 6, and the specific gravity difference separation device 7. Can do. As the size difference separation device 4, for example, a screen having an eye size of 1.0 to 2.0 mm can be used. As the specific gravity difference separation device 5, for example, a weight cleaner can be used. For example, a screen having an eye size of 0.1 to 0.5 mm can be used as the difference separator 6, and a lightweight cleaner or the like can be used as the specific gravity difference separator 7, for example.

  The size difference separation device 4 separates impurities 15, the specific gravity difference separation device 5 separates impurities 16, the size difference separation device 6 separates impurities 17, and the specific gravity difference separation device 7 separates impurities 18. Is done. These contaminants 15, 16, 17, and 18 can be returned to the disaggregation treatment device 3 after being cleaned by a cleaning device 20 described later.

[2-3] Saccharification reaction step:
Next, the manufacturing method of the saccharified liquid of this embodiment performs the saccharification reaction process which saccharifies the cellulose in the obtained refined pulp, and obtains a saccharified liquid. By such a saccharification reaction step, cellulose can be saccharified well and sugar can be obtained in high yield. As an apparatus used for the saccharification reaction step, for example, a saccharification reaction apparatus provided in the saccharification system of the present invention can be suitably used.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the saccharification reaction step 33, the refined pulp obtained in the purification step 30, the enzyme (b) 12 and water 14 are added to the saccharification reaction device 8, and the cellulose in the refined pulp is converted into an enzyme. (B) A step of saccharification by 12 to obtain a saccharified solution 9. At this time, as the water 14, the recovered water 23 obtained by washing the contaminants 15, 16, 17, 18 by the washing device 20 described later can also be used.

[2-4] Other steps:
In addition to the disaggregation process, the purification process, and the saccharification reaction process, the saccharified solution production method of the present embodiment includes a sterilization process for sterilizing the waste biomass 1 before the disaggregation process 26 as shown in FIG. 2 may be performed. By sterilizing the waste biomass before processing with the disaggregation treatment device in this way, it is possible to prevent the sugar in the saccharified solution from being consumed by various bacteria attached to the waste biomass. As an apparatus used for a sterilization process, the sterilization apparatus which can be equipped with the saccharification system of this invention can be used suitably, for example.

  Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the saccharified liquid according to the present embodiment includes a cleaning process for cleaning the contaminants separated by the purification apparatus, and a reuse process for collecting the cleaning liquid from which the contaminants have been cleaned and putting them into the disaggregation tank of the disaggregation processing apparatus. Can further be included. By having such a washing step and a reuse step, the enzyme (a) adhering to the contaminants separated in the purification step can be recovered and reused, thereby reducing the operating cost. it can. As an apparatus used for the washing process, for example, a washing apparatus provided in the saccharification system of the present invention can be suitably used. Moreover, as an apparatus used for a reuse process, the reuse apparatus with which the saccharification system of this invention is equipped can be used suitably, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the reuse step 35, first, the cleaning liquid that has been cleaned by the cleaning device 20 is separated by the size difference separation device 21 from the contaminant 24 that may be mixed in the cleaning liquid. Next, the contaminant 25 is separated from the separation liquid from which the contaminant 24 is separated by the size difference separator 21 by the specific gravity difference separator 22. Next, the recovered water 23 from which the contaminants 25 have been separated by the specific gravity difference separating device 22 is put into the disaggregation processing device 3 as makeup water (water 13). In this way, the enzyme (a) can be recovered and reused.

[3] Fermentation system:
One embodiment of the fermentation system of the present invention includes a fermentation apparatus for fermenting a saccharified solution obtained by the saccharification system of the present invention with a microorganism. By such a fermentation system, a fermented product can be obtained with good yield.

  The fermenter is not particularly limited as long as the saccharified solution obtained by the saccharification system can be fermented by microorganisms. For example, the fermenter into which the saccharified solution and the microorganisms are charged, and the contents in the fermenter A thing equipped with the stirrer which stirs a thing, the coil heater which adjusts the temperature in a fermenter, a cooling pipe, a jacket, a heat exchanger, etc. can be used. Moreover, it is preferable to have a ventilation port and pH adjustment function which discharge | release the generated carbon dioxide.

The microorganism is not particularly limited as long as it can ferment sugar. For example, yeast, Escherichia coli, lactic acid bacteria, mold, and the like can be used. Among these, yeast is preferable. The amount of yeast is preferably relative to the amount of liquid in the fermentor, is 1.0 × ¹⁰ 6 ~1.0 × ^{10 10} cells ^{/ ml, 1.0 × 10 7 ~1.0} × 10 More preferably, it is ⁹ / ml. If the amount used is less than 1.0 × 10 ⁶ pieces / ml, the rate of fermentation cannot catch up with saccharification, which may reduce productivity. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.0 × 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml, the density of microorganisms is too high, and nutrients are not sufficiently distributed, which may reduce productivity.

  Moreover, a medium component etc. can be added in the case of fermentation. The fermentation reaction can be promoted by adding a medium component.

  Fermentation is not particularly limited as long as the saccharified solution can be fermented by microorganisms, and can be performed under known conditions. For example, the fermentation can be performed at 25 to 45 ° C. for 15 to 120 hours.

  Moreover, the fermentation system of this embodiment can add microorganisms to the saccharification reaction apparatus with which the saccharification system of this invention is equipped, and can use the said saccharification reaction apparatus as a parallel saccharification fermentation apparatus which served as the said fermentation apparatus. Thus, there exists an advantage that it is not necessary to provide a separate fermentation apparatus by performing saccharification and fermentation simultaneously. When only saccharification is performed in separate steps, that is, when saccharification and fermentation are performed in separate apparatuses, the enzyme in the saccharification reaction apparatus is subject to product inhibition by the saccharified saccharide. That is, since the enzyme can bind to the decomposed substance, the frequency of binding to the substance to be decomposed decreases. Therefore, the saccharification rate tends to decrease as the sugar concentration increases. On the other hand, when a parallel saccharification and fermentation apparatus that performs saccharification and fermentation at the same time is used, the saccharification product is sequentially converted into a fermentation product by fermentation, so that the enzyme is not subject to product inhibition and the saccharification rate is always the fastest. A state is maintained and productivity of fermented material can be maintained highly.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated concretely based on an Example, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

Example 1
14% by mass of thermal paper, 7% by mass of carbonless paper, 7% by mass of magnetic tickets, 7% by mass of aluminum vapor-deposited cardboard, 3.5% by mass of heavy bags with film, 6.5% by mass of tack release paper, 11% by mass of magazine paper , And 314 kg of waste biomass containing 44% by mass of waste office paper, 150 kg of cellulase “Multifect CX10L” manufactured by Genencor as enzyme (a) (FPU activity is 65 FPU for 1 g of waste biomass), After being put into a pulper (disaggregation treatment device) equipped with a bucket screen (refining device), water is used so that the proportion of waste biomass used is 5% by mass with respect to the total amount of water and waste biomass. Was added. Thereafter, a disaggregation treatment was performed at a treatment temperature of 50 ° C. and a pH of 5 at a rotation speed of a stirrer of 130 rpm for 240 minutes to obtain a defibrated pulp liquid.

  After removing contaminants in the defibrated pulp liquid by the pulper bucket screen (shown as “pulper treatment” in Table 1), the coarsely selected multi-sorter screen, the carefully selected slit screen, the weight cleaner, and the lightweight cleaner Separation of impurities from the defibrated pulp liquor by a refining device arranged in order (in Table 1, “1.4 mm screen treatment”, “0.15 screen treatment”, “weight cleaner treatment”, and “light weight cleaner treatment”, respectively) And a purified pulp liquid was obtained. 150 kg of the above cellulase was added to the obtained purified pulp liquid, and the cellulose in the purified pulp liquid was saccharified in a saccharification reaction apparatus to obtain a saccharified liquid.

Then, yeast was added to the saccharification reaction apparatus so that it might become 1.0 * 10 < ⁸ > piece / ml, it fermented using a saccharification reaction apparatus as a fermentation apparatus, and ethanol was obtained. In addition, fermentation was performed on the conditions of 30 degreeC and 24 hours.

  The cellulose yield, contaminant removal rate, sugar yield, sugar yield, ethanol yield, and ethanol yield in this example were measured as follows.

[Cellulose yield]
The amount (α) (314 kg-18.8 kg = 295.2 kg) obtained by subtracting the amount of impurities contained in the waste biomass solid content used for the pulper treatment, and the solid content discharged from the lightweight cleaner The amount (β) (205 kg−0 kg = 205 kg) obtained by subtracting the amount of impurities contained therein was calculated ({subtracted amount (β) / subtracted amount (α)} × 100).

[Contaminant removal rate]
The total amount of solids removed by the bucket screen, the coarsely selected multi-sorter screen, the finely selected slit screen, the weight cleaner, and the lightweight cleaner with respect to the amount of impurities (18.8 kg) contained in the waste biomass used for the pulper treatment ( The ratio of 18 kg + 0.72 kg + 0.08 kg + 0.02 kg + 0 kg = 18.82 kg) was calculated as the contaminant removal rate.

[Sugar yield]
The sugar in the saccharified solution in the saccharification reactor was measured by the phenol sulfuric acid method.

[Saccharification rate]
It calculated by the ratio of the obtained sugar yield with respect to the amount of cellulose after removing a foreign material.

[Sugar yield]
It was calculated from the amount of sugar (168.6 kg) relative to the amount of waste biomass (314 kg) used for the pulper treatment.

[Ethanol yield]
Measurement was performed using a biosensor “Model BF-4” (trade name) manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments.

[Ethanol yield]
It calculated by the ethanol yield (64.1 kg) measured by the said [ethanol yield] with respect to the amount ((alpha)) calculated by said [cellulose yield] (314kg-18.8kg = 295.2kg).

  In this example, the cellulose yield was 72.0%, the contaminant removal rate was 100%, the sugar yield was 168.6 kg, the saccharification rate was 82.3%, and the sugar yield was 57. The ethanol yield was 64.1 kg and the ethanol yield was 21.7%. The results are shown in Table 1.

  In Table 1, “contaminant amount” indicates the amount of contaminants in the solid content, and “contaminant rate” indicates the ratio of contaminants to the solid content. “On” in Table 1 indicates the values (solid content, amount of contaminants, and rate of contaminants) supplied to the bucket screen, coarsely selected multi-sorter screen, carefully selected slit screen, heavyweight cleaner, or lightweight cleaner. "Out" means each value (solid content, amount of contaminants, and percentage of contaminants) discharged from a bucket screen, coarsely selected multi-sorter screen, carefully selected slit screen, heavyweight cleaner, or lightweight cleaner. "Removal" means each value (solid content, amount of impurities, and rate of impurities) removed by a bucket screen, a coarsely selected multi-sorter screen, a carefully selected slit screen, a weight cleaner, or a light weight cleaner. .

  The amount of solids before and after each treatment, that is, the values of “On” and “Out” of each treatment in Table 1 (excluding the value of “On” of the pulper treatment) are sampled before and after each refiner. It was calculated from the solid content in the obtained pulp liquid. Specifically, after filtering a predetermined amount of the sampled pulp liquid through a 0.15 mm flat screen, the flat screen and the residue were dried and the dry weight was measured. Thereafter, the amount of residue was calculated by subtracting the weight of the flat screen measured in advance from the dry weight. And solid content was computed from the quantity of the filtered pulp liquid, and the amount of residue.

(Comparative Example 1)
After charging 382 kg of waste biomass containing the same amount as that used in Example 1 into the pulper, the usage rate of waste biomass is relative to the total amount of water and waste biomass. Then, water was added so as to be 10% by mass to obtain a raw material. The treatment temperature was 40 ° C., and NaOH was added at 0.5% based on the total amount of the raw materials. A disentanglement process was performed for 30 minutes at a rotation speed of 310 rpm of a stirrer to obtain a defibrated pulp liquid. Thereafter, a saccharified solution was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the measurement results of cellulose yield, contaminant removal rate, sugar yield, saccharification rate, sugar yield, ethanol yield, and ethanol yield in this comparative example.

  As is apparent from Table 1, the saccharification system of Comparative Example 1 has a contaminant removal rate of 99.2%, which is not only slightly inferior to the saccharification system of Example 1, but also the cellulose recovery rate. It was 64.0% and was low. The saccharification system of Comparative Example 1 had a saccharide yield of 51.2%. That is, in the saccharification system of Comparative Example 1, not only the saccharification system of Example 1 is difficult to remove impurities, but also the separation of the contaminants and cellulose is insufficient, so that the cellulose is lost together with the contaminants. I was doing it.

  In the saccharification system of Example 1, 94% impurities can be removed by the pulper process, that is, by the bucket screen, the impurities and cellulose are separated by the enzyme (a), and the impurities can be efficiently removed. This is because.

  In order to simplify the equipment, when the removal of contaminants is completed only by the pulper treatment, the saccharification system of Example 1 has a contaminant removal rate of 95.7% ((18.0 kg / 18.8 kg). × 100), while the cellulose yield is 99.6%, the saccharification system of Comparative Example 1 has a contaminant removal rate of 52.4% ((12.0 kg / 22.9 kg) × 100), The cellulose yield was 97.6%. Thus, the difference was confirmed in both the contamination removal rate and the cellulose yield.

  In the saccharification system of Example 1, most impurities can be removed by the pulper treatment, but depending on the type and ratio of raw materials, the effectiveness of other purification equipment may be increased. For example, when using a magnetic ticket as waste-based biomass, it is difficult to remove it sufficiently with a bucket screen because magnetic particles that are impurities are fine. For this reason, it is preferable to further use a purification device such as a weight cleaner, and it is possible to efficiently remove impurities by using a weight cleaner or the like.

  As described above, the saccharification system of Example 1 not only efficiently removes impurities but also has a high cellulose recovery rate. Furthermore, since the amount of impurities can be reduced, saccharification is achieved without inhibiting the action of the enzyme, so that the sugar yield is high, that is, sugar can be produced at a high yield.

  The saccharification system of this invention can manufacture suitably the saccharified liquid which is a raw material for obtaining fermented materials, such as ethanol, from waste type | system | group biomass.

  The manufacturing method of the saccharified liquid of this invention can manufacture suitably the saccharified liquid (sugar) which is a raw material for obtaining fermented materials, such as ethanol, from waste biomass.

  The fermentation system of the present invention can obtain a fermented material such as ethanol from waste biomass.

It is a flowchart which shows the process of one Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the saccharified liquid of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1: waste biomass, 2: sterilization process, 3: disaggregation treatment device, 4: size difference separation device, 5: specific gravity difference separation device, 6: size difference separation device, 7: specific gravity difference separation device, 8: saccharification reaction Device: 9: Saccharified solution, 11: Enzyme (a), 12: Enzyme (b), 13: Water, 14: Water, 15: Contaminant, 16: Contaminant, 17: Contaminant, 18: Contaminant, 19 : Cleaning solution, 20: Cleaning device, 21: Size difference separation device, 22: Specific gravity difference separation device, 23: Collected water, 24: Contaminant, 25: Contaminant, 26: Disaggregation treatment step, 30: Purification step, 33: Saccharification reaction process, 35: reuse process, 37: washing process.

Claims (10)

A waste biomass containing cellulose and impurities, an enzyme (a) containing at least cellulase, and a disaggregation tank into which water is charged and a disaggregator installed in the disaggregation tank, and in the presence of water, A disaggregation processing device for defibrating the waste biomass with the disaggregator and the enzyme (a) to obtain a disentangled pulp containing cellulose and contaminants;
Separating the contaminants from the defibrated pulp obtained to obtain a purified pulp; and
A saccharification reactor for saccharifying cellulose in the obtained refined pulp to obtain a saccharified solution;
A saccharification system comprising:   The waste biomass is at least one selected from the group consisting of pulp sludge, office waste paper, cardboard, magazines, magnetic paper, thermal paper, aluminum-laminated paper, film-coated paper, and sanitary product waste. Item 2. The saccharification system according to Item 1.   The saccharification system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the purification device is a device that separates by a difference in specific gravity, a device that separates by a difference in size, or a device that combines these devices.   The waste-based biomass is converted into the defibrated pulp by the disaggregation processing device, and the defibrated pulp obtained by the disaggregation processing device is continuously supplied to the refining device. The saccharification system as described in any one.   The waste-based biomass is converted into the defibrated pulp by the disaggregation processing device, and the defibrated pulp obtained by the disaggregation processing device is supplied batchwise to the refining device. The saccharification system as described in any one.   The saccharification reaction apparatus saccharifies the cellulose with an enzyme (b) containing at least cellulase, and the FPU activity of the enzyme (a) in the defibrated pulp is the FPU of all the enzymes in the saccharified solution. The saccharification system as described in any one of Claims 1-5 lower than activity.   A cleaning device for cleaning the contaminants separated by the purification device, and a reuse device for recovering a cleaning liquid for cleaning the contaminants and putting it in the disaggregation tank of the disaggregation treatment device. The saccharification system as described in any one of 6. Waste water biomass containing cellulose and impurities, an enzyme (a) containing at least cellulase, and a disaggregation tank equipped with a disaggregation tank into which the water is charged and a disaggregation apparatus installed in the disaggregation tank, water A disaggregation treatment step in which the waste biomass is defibrated by the disaggregator and the enzyme (a) to obtain a defibrated pulp containing cellulose and contaminants;
Separating the contaminants from the defibrated pulp obtained to obtain a purified pulp; and
A saccharification reaction step of saccharifying cellulose in the obtained refined pulp to obtain a saccharified solution.   A fermentation system provided with the fermentation apparatus which ferments the saccharified liquid obtained by the saccharification system as described in any one of Claims 1-7 with microorganisms.   The fermentation system according to claim 9, wherein a microorganism is added to the saccharification reaction apparatus, and the saccharification reaction apparatus is used as the fermentation apparatus.

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