JP2009179553A - Multiple fuel feeding system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently feed both hydrocarbon fuel and gaseous fuel consisting of pure hydrogen or essentially hydrogen by using minimum equipment investment. <P>SOLUTION: The multiple fuel feeding system is provided with: a fuel storing means 4 for storing the hydrocarbon fuel; a fuel reforming means 1 for converting the hydrocarbon fuel stored in the fuel storing means 4 into a fuel reformed gas being a gaseous fuel consisting essentially of hydrogen; a hydrogen separation means for separating hydrogen from the fuel reformed gas being a gaseous fuel consisting essentially of hydrogen, converted by the fuel reforming means 1; and a hydrogen storing means 11 for storing hydrogen separated by the hydrogen separation means, and supplies both the hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen. The hydrogen separation means is provided with an electrochemical hydrogen separation means 13 which has such a hydrogen separation membrane structure that at least an electrode is arranged on both faces of a solid polymer membrane and in which the fuel reformed gas being a gaseous fuel consisting essentially of hydrogen is allowed to flow to one electrode, then an electric current is applied in such a manner that the potential of the electrode becomes higher than that of a counter electrode, and hydrogen is electrochemically separated to the counter electrode side from the fuel reformed gas being a gaseous fuel consisting essentially of hydrogen. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a multi-fuel supply system that can efficiently supply a plurality of types of fuel.

  The present invention also relates to an electric power supply type multi-fuel supply system that is equipped with power generation means for generating electric power from a plurality of types of fuels and that is highly efficient and adaptable in the event of a disaster.

  Currently, most of the fuels we use are hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, light oil, kerosene, city gas, and propane gas.

  As for city gas, piping is maintained in large cities, and it is a system that is supplied to each household. However, gasoline and light oil used as fuel for automobiles, propane and kerosene used in general households, etc. are nearby. We purchase at gas station or gas station in

  In fuel supply stations such as a gas station and a gas station, fuel is stored in a large fuel storage container and sold for retail sale.

  In this case, a plurality of fuels are individually carried by a tank truck or the like, and are supplied and stored in each fuel storage container.

  For example, a gas station sells gasoline, light oil, and kerosene. These fuels are liquid at normal pressure, and are all transported individually as liquids and supplied to and stored in fuel storage containers.

  On the other hand, the gas station sells propane gas used as fuel for taxis and propane gas for household use.

  Since propane gas is a gas at normal pressure, it is usually transported and stored as a liquid by increasing the pressure in the container to several tens of atmospheres.

  As described above, conventionally, hydrocarbon fuels are individually transported and replenished to a large fuel storage container.

  Note that liquid fuels such as gasoline and gaseous fuels such as propane gas are sold in different stands, and are sold in separate stands.

  Since the above-mentioned fuel storage container stores a large amount of fuel, the safety standard of the storage container is high, and it is designed so that damage such as breakage does not occur even for a large earthquake.

  However, when a disaster such as an earthquake occurs, the supply of electricity is stopped, so that the supply of fuel becomes impossible and the fuel cannot be used effectively.

  On the other hand, the introduction of private power generators, etc. is also under consideration, but private power generators that start up only in an emergency are very low in utilization efficiency, expensive equipment, and require maintenance management. For the reason, most of the stands are not actually equipped with private generators.

  As described above, at present, hydrocarbon fuels are mainly used.

  On the other hand, against the background of environmental destruction problems typified by the future oil depletion crisis and global warming due to CO2 emissions, development of equipment using hydrogen, which is attracting attention as a clean energy, is being actively promoted.

  For example, the development of fuel cell vehicles that replace hydrogen-fueled fuel cells with automobile engines, and the development of household fuel cell power generation systems that can individually supply the necessary power and hot water for each household It is an example.

  In the future, pure hydrogen or gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as the main component will be our familiar fuel.

  On the other hand, the introduction of equipment that uses pure hydrogen or gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component, such as fuel cells, is expected to gradually progress, until the current hydrocarbon fuels completely pass on its position. It may take several decades.

  Therefore, in the meantime, a fuel supply infrastructure capable of efficiently supplying both hydrocarbon fuel and pure hydrogen or gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component is required.

  However, in the fuel supply system using the conventional system as described above, hydrocarbon fuel and pure hydrogen or gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen must be individually supplied, and the transportation efficiency is very high. Lower.

  In addition, in order to store a large amount of pure hydrogen or gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component, it is necessary to pressurize the gas, which requires extra energy for storage, and a large fuel storage container is required. The fuel storage efficiency becomes low.

  Furthermore, if liquid fuel such as gasoline and gaseous fuel based on pure hydrogen or hydrogen are sold at individual stations (gasoline station and hydrogen station), many stations are required, resulting in enormous infrastructure development. Large capital investment is required.

  Furthermore, since the supply of electricity is often stopped when disasters such as earthquakes occur, it is not possible to supply fuel from the fuel storage container, and these fuels cannot be effectively used for disaster countermeasures. .

  It is an object of the present invention to supply both hydrocarbon-based fuel and pure hydrogen or gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen efficiently and with a minimum capital investment, and is sufficiently adapted in the event of a disaster. It is to provide a multi-fuel supply system that can be used.

  In order to achieve the above object, a multi-fuel supply system according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a fuel storage means for storing hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline and methanol, and a carbonization stored in the fuel storage means. Fuel reforming means for converting hydrogen-based fuel into fuel reformed gas that is gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen, and fuel reforming that is gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen converted by the fuel reforming means A hydrogen separation means for separating hydrogen from the gas; and a hydrogen storage means for storing the hydrogen separated by the hydrogen separation means. The hydrogen separation means has at least electrodes on both sides of the solid polymer membrane. It is a hydrogen separation membrane structure that is arranged, and the fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component, is circulated through one electrode, and the current is set so that the potential of the electrode is higher than the potential of the opposing electrode. Distribution And electrochemical hydrogen separation means for electrochemically separating hydrogen from the fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component, to the opposite electrode side, both hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen To supply.

  Therefore, in the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 1, the hydrogen separation means is an electrochemical hydrogen separation means having a hydrogen separation membrane structure in which at least electrodes are arranged on both sides of the solid polymer membrane. Thus, only hydrogen contained in the fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen supplied to the electrode on one side of the hydrogen separation membrane, is decomposed into hydrogen ions and electrons at the electrode on one side, Ions pass through the solid polymer membrane and combine with electrons at the opposite electrode to generate hydrogen gas.

  Then, by utilizing the electrochemical reaction, only hydrogen is efficiently separated from the fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or nitrogen. Can do.

  In addition, since the electrochemical hydrogen separation means can generate a hydrogen amount proportional to the amount of electricity flowing, the amount of hydrogen purification can be easily controlled.

  Furthermore, since the amount of hydrogen corresponding to the amount of electricity flowing can be purified, hydrogen purification can be performed even when the pressure on the side where hydrogen is generated increases, so that the separated hydrogen can be boosted.

  This eliminates the need for a booster pump or the like that is necessary for storing hydrogen, so that hydrogen boosting required for hydrogen storage can be performed simultaneously with hydrogen separation, and the system can be simplified.

  A multi-fuel supply system according to a second aspect of the present invention is the multi-fuel supply system according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the multi-fuel supply system according to the first aspect of the invention generates power using fuel reformed gas or hydrogen, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen. It has power generation means.

  Therefore, in the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 2, by providing a power generation means for generating electricity with fuel reformed gas or hydrogen which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen, Because it can supply the electric power necessary for electrochemical separation of hydrogen from the fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen, and the power consumed outside the system, etc. Even when the system stops, it is possible to stably supply the fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component, or hydrogen and electric power without stopping the system.

  Furthermore, the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 3 is the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 2, wherein a pair of electrodes are arranged as the power generation means with the electrolyte layer impregnated with electrolyte interposed therebetween. Thus, a fuel cell is provided that extracts electrical output (electric power) from between a pair of electrodes by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.

  Therefore, in the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 3, a pair of electrodes are arranged as the power generation means with the electrolyte layer impregnated with electrolyte interposed therebetween, and by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, By providing a fuel cell that extracts electrical output (electric power) between a pair of electrodes, the fuel cell has extremely high power generation efficiency and quietness compared to other generators that are restricted by the Carnot cycle, such as a gas turbine. Because it is excellent and environmentally friendly, it can reduce operating costs compared to operating the system by purchasing power from the grid as before, and it is also excellent in environmental and quietness. Therefore, it can be installed in a city such as a gas station, and the current infrastructure can be used effectively.

  Furthermore, the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 4 is the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 3, wherein the fuel is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen by the power generated by the fuel cell. Hydrogen is separated from the reformed gas.

  Therefore, in the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 4, by separating hydrogen from the fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen, with the power generated by the fuel cell, the fuel cell is Since the chemical energy of the fuel can be converted into electric power as direct current, direct current required to separate pure hydrogen from the fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen, is obtained from the fuel cell. Direct supply eliminates the need for a quadrature transformer, so that the amount of capital investment can be further reduced.

  In addition, since there is no power loss due to orthogonal transformation, highly efficient system operation can be performed.

  On the other hand, the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 5 is the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to any one of claims 1 to 4 and is discharged from the fuel reforming means or the power generation means. Water storage means for storing generated water.

  Therefore, in the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 5, the water fuel storage means for storing the generated water discharged from the fuel reforming means or the power generation means is provided, so that the gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen is used. Since water is generated by power generation or combustion of fuel reformed gas or hydrogen, and the generated water is discharged out of the system, it is possible to store excess generated water in the system. Water can be supplied when a disaster such as an earthquake occurs.

  Thereby, for example, many gas stations existing in the city can be effectively used as a temporary evacuation site when a disaster occurs.

  A multi-fuel supply system according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the multi-fuel supply system according to any one of the second to fifth aspects, further comprising a disaster countermeasure means, and in the event of an emergency, Electric power is supplied to the on-site electrical equipment and the disaster countermeasure means by the generated power of the means.

  Therefore, in the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 6, since the multi-fuel supply system can operate independently and can supply power even when a disaster occurs, By supplying electric power to the countermeasure means, for example, many gas stations existing in the city can be effectively used as an information relay base or an information transmission base in the event of a disaster.

  Furthermore, the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 7 is the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the multi-fuel supply system of the invention is discharged from the fuel combustion chamber of the fuel reforming means. Plants are grown using exhausted fuel combustion exhaust gas or exhaust gas discharged from power generation means.

  Therefore, in the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 7, normally, the fuel combustion exhaust gas discharged from the fuel combustion chamber of the fuel reforming means or the exhaust gas discharged from the power generation means contains a large amount of carbon dioxide. Since water is contained, photosynthesis is activated by cultivating plants using the fuel combustion exhaust gas or exhaust gas in a greenhouse or the like, for example, so that plant growth can be accelerated.

  Furthermore, the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 8 is the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is gasoline. Is used.

  Therefore, in the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 8, there are a sufficient number of gas stations currently located in various parts of the world, the infrastructure is substantial, and gasoline is a very handled fuel. Because of its penetration in the market, the use of gasoline as a hydrocarbon-based fuel makes effective use of the current gas station, which is well-developed as an infrastructure. A stand capable of supplying a certain fuel reformed gas or hydrogen can be constructed.

  On the other hand, the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 9 uses the exhaust heat obtained from the system main body in the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to any one of claims 1 to 8. It has exhaust heat utilization means.

  Therefore, in the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 9, since the heat is usually generated when the hydrocarbon fuel is reformed or when power generation is performed, the exhaust heat obtained from the system main body is generated. By providing the exhaust heat utilization means utilizing the heat, it is possible to effectively utilize the heat associated with hydrogen production or power generation, so that the energy efficiency of the entire system can be improved.

  The multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 10 is the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the fuel storage stores hydrocarbon fuel. The fuel outlet in the means is provided at a position above the fuel liquid level.

  Therefore, in the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 10, since the hydrocarbon-based fuel supplied to the fuel reforming means usually needs to be gasified, heat is preliminarily used when liquid fuel is used. In general, liquid hydrocarbon fuels with high vapor partial pressure, such as gasoline, are partly evaporated and gasified in the fuel storage means. By providing the fuel outlet in the fuel storage means for storing the fuel at a position above the fuel liquid level, the fuel that has already been gasified can be taken out, and the fuel supplied to the fuel reforming means need not be preheated. Therefore, the energy efficiency of the entire system can be further improved.

  Furthermore, the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 11 is the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein hydrogen is stored as hydrogen storage means. Hydrogen storage means for storing in metal or hydrogen storage carbon is provided.

  Therefore, in the multi-fuel supply system of the invention corresponding to claim 11, hydrogen is stored in a normal gas by using hydrogen storage means for storing hydrogen in hydrogen storage metal or hydrogen storage carbon as hydrogen storage means. When stored in a compression mode, the pressure to be stored needs to be several tens of MPa or more, and the storage container also becomes large. On the other hand, hydrogen storage metal or hydrogen storage carbon absorbs hydrogen at the hydrogen atom level, so Compared with the pressure method, hydrogen can be stored in an order of magnitude at low pressure, so the hydrogen storage means can be reduced, and the storage pressure is also several MPa, so the hydrogen storage energy is reduced. be able to.

  According to the present invention, by effectively utilizing existing infrastructure such as a gas station, both a hydrocarbon-based fuel that will be required in the near future and a fuel reformed gas that is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of pure hydrogen or hydrogen. It is possible to construct a multi-fuel supply system or an electric power supply-type multi-fuel supply system that can supply power with a minimum capital investment.

  Moreover, compared with the existing fuel supply system, fuel transport efficiency, fuel storage efficiency, and operation efficiency can be significantly improved, and fuel can be supplied efficiently.

  Furthermore, as a function that the existing fuel supply system has not provided so far, it can be effectively used as a temporary evacuation site, an information relay base or an information transmission base in the event of a disaster.

  In the near future, a multi-fuel supply system capable of supplying both hydrocarbon-based fuel and fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel based on pure hydrogen or hydrogen, will be required. In this respect, the multi-fuel supply system of the present invention is extremely effective.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a first embodiment of a multi-fuel supply system according to the present invention. The schematic diagram which shows 2nd Embodiment of the multi-fuel supply system by this invention. The schematic diagram which shows 3rd Embodiment of the electric power supply type multi-fuel supply system by this invention. The conceptual diagram which shows the structural example of the electrochemical hydrogen separation means in the electric power supply type multi-fuel supply system of the said 3rd Embodiment. The schematic diagram which shows 4th Embodiment of the electric power supply type multi-fuel supply system by this invention. The schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the fuel storage tank in the electric power supply type multi-fuel supply system of the 5th Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a multi-fuel supply system by gasoline reforming according to the present embodiment.

  In FIG. 1, a gasoline station as an existing infrastructure includes steam as a fuel reforming means for reforming gasoline, which is a hydrocarbon-based fuel, and converting it into a fuel reforming gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen. Additive gasoline reformer 1 is installed.

  Further, a gas booster pump 2 and a fuel reformed gas storage container 3 are installed as fuel reformed gas storage means for storing fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component.

  On the other hand, the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 is supplied with gasoline from a gasoline tank 4 as a fuel storage means for storing hydrocarbon fuel, and is supplied with steam from tap water 5 through a water filter 6 and a heat exchanger 1b. By these reactions, gasoline is converted into fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen.

  In addition, air is supplied from the air blower 7 to the combustion chamber 1a of the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1, and gasoline is supplied from the gasoline tank 4 to be combusted.

  The steam and gasoline are reacted in the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 by the heat generated during the combustion.

  Furthermore, the water supplied from the tap water 5 through the water filter 6 is heat-exchanged with the combustor 1a by the heat exchanger 1b to form steam.

  The fuel reformed gas is boosted by the gas booster pump 2 and stored in the fuel reformed gas storage container 3.

  Further, the gasoline tank 4 is provided with a gasoline supply port 8 for supplying gasoline to the outside, and the fuel reformed gas storage container 3 is provided with a fuel reformed gas supply port for supplying fuel reformed gas to the outside. 9 is provided.

  In addition, the capacity | capacitance of the said fuel reformed gas storage container 3 is determined by continuous supply amount, and is normally designed to become the minimum capacity | capacitance.

  That is, basically, gasoline reforming is performed by the supplied amount, and the minimum amount of fuel reformed gas is stored in the fuel reformed gas storage container 3.

  Next, in the multi-fuel supply system according to the present embodiment configured as described above, gasoline, which is a hydrocarbon-based fuel, is converted into a fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen, and stored. As a result, it is possible to construct a multi-fuel supply system that can supply both gasoline and gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen by effectively utilizing infrastructure such as conventional gas stations, etc. To the limit.

  In addition, the fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen, needs to be produced in the required amount when necessary, and it is necessary to transport a large amount of gaseous fuel to high pressure as in the conventional case and transport it individually. Therefore, not only the volume of the fuel reformed gas storage container 3 can be reduced, but also the fuel storage efficiency and the transport efficiency can be greatly improved.

(Modification)
In the present embodiment, the case of a system using gasoline as a hydrocarbon-based fuel has been described by taking a gasoline station as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a hydrocarbon-based fuel can be used using a current gasoline station. Also in the case of a system using methanol, the same effect as that described above can be obtained.

  Further, even if a fuel reforming means is provided in a gas stand that supplies propane gas or the like as a hydrocarbon-based fuel, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, a case where a steam addition type fuel reformer using a reaction between a hydrocarbon-based fuel and steam is used as the fuel reforming means is not limited to this, but the fuel reforming means As an alternative, an autothermal fuel reformer utilizing the reaction of hydrocarbon fuel, oxygen, and water vapor may be used.

  As described above, in the multi-fuel supply system according to the present embodiment, both the hydrocarbon-based fuel and the gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component can be supplied efficiently and with minimum equipment investment.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a multi-fuel supply system by gasoline reforming according to the present embodiment, and the same elements as those in FIG.

  In FIG. 2, a gasoline station, which is an existing infrastructure, uses steam as a fuel reforming means for reforming gasoline, which is a hydrocarbon fuel, and converting it into a fuel reforming gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen. Additive gasoline reformer 1 is installed.

  Further, a membrane separator 10 having a hydrogen permeable membrane is installed as a hydrogen separation means for separating hydrogen from a fuel reformed gas that is a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component.

  Further, a gas booster pump 2 and a hydrogen storage container 11 are installed as hydrogen storage means for storing the hydrogen.

  On the other hand, the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 is supplied with gasoline from a gasoline tank 4 as a fuel storage means for storing hydrocarbon fuel, and is supplied with steam from tap water 5 through a water filter 6 and a heat exchanger 1b. By these reactions, gasoline is converted into fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen.

  Further, the fuel reformed gas is separated only by hydrogen in the membrane separator 10, and the separated high-purity hydrogen is pressurized by the gas booster pump 2 and stored in the hydrogen storage container 11.

  On the other hand, the residual gas from which hydrogen has been separated by the membrane separator 10 is sent to the combustion chamber 1 a of the gasoline reformer 1 and burned with air supplied from the air blower 7.

  The steam and gasoline are reacted in the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 by the heat generated during the combustion.

  Thereby, hydrogen that could not be separated by the membrane separator 10 is also effectively utilized as energy.

  Moreover, the water supplied through the water filter 6 from the tap water 5 is heat-exchanged with the combustor 1a with the heat exchanger 1b, and is made into water vapor | steam.

  Further, the gasoline tank 4 is provided with a gasoline supply port 8 for supplying gasoline to the outside, and the hydrogen storage vessel 11 is provided with a hydrogen supply port 12 for supplying hydrogen to the outside.

  In addition, the capacity | capacitance of the said hydrogen storage container 11 is determined by the continuous supply amount, and is normally designed to become the minimum capacity.

  That is, basically, the gasoline is reformed by the supplied amount, and the hydrogen storage container 11 stores the minimum amount of hydrogen.

  Next, in the multi-fuel supply system according to the present embodiment configured as described above, gasoline, which is a hydrocarbon-based fuel, is reformed into a fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen, and then hydrogen. By separating and storing the fuel, it is possible to construct a multi-fuel supply system that can supply both gasoline and hydrogen by effectively utilizing infrastructure such as conventional gas stations, minimizing capital investment. Can be suppressed.

  In addition, since it is not necessary to compress and transport hydrogen individually, transportation efficiency can be greatly improved.

  Furthermore, hydrogen only needs to be produced when necessary, and since a large container for storing hydrogen and excessive pressure increase are not required, fuel storage efficiency can be increased.

  Furthermore, since pure hydrogen has a higher energy density compared to a fuel reformed gas that is a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component, the size of the hydrogen storage container 11 that is a hydrogen storage means can be reduced.

  A small amount of hydrogen is also contained in the gas after separating hydrogen, and this is supplied to the combustion chamber 1a of the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 which is a fuel reforming means to serve as a heat source for reforming. Since it can be used, energy conversion efficiency is not greatly reduced.

(Modification)
In the present embodiment, the case where hydrogen is stored as a compressed gas has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and by using a hydrogen storage alloy as the hydrogen storage container 11, the storage pressure can be reduced. It is possible to operate more efficiently.

  As described above, in the multi-fuel supply system according to the present embodiment, both hydrocarbon-based fuel and pure hydrogen can be supplied efficiently and with minimal capital investment.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply type multi-fuel supply system by gasoline reforming according to the present embodiment. The same parts as those in FIG. Only the different parts are described here.

  That is, in the power supply type multi-fuel supply system by gasoline reforming of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the membrane separator 10 and the gas booster pump 2 in FIG. 2 are omitted, and instead of these, As a hydrogen storage means, an electrochemical hydrogen separation means 13 for electrochemically separating hydrogen from a fuel reformed gas which is a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component is provided. In FIG. Yes.

  Here, the electrochemical hydrogen separation means 13 has a hydrogen separation membrane structure in which a plurality of hydrogen separation membranes each having at least electrodes arranged on both sides of a solid polymer membrane are stacked, and one electrode is mainly composed of hydrogen. The fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel, is circulated, and an electric current is circulated so that the potential on the electrode side is higher than the potential of the electrode facing it. Hydrogen is separated from a certain fuel reformed gas to the opposite electrode side.

  FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration example of the electrochemical hydrogen separation means 13.

  In FIG. 4, the electrochemical hydrogen separation means 13 comprises a solid polymer membrane that is a hydrogen separation membrane and electrodes arranged on both sides thereof.

  A catalyst layer mainly composed of platinum is formed on the surface of the electrode that contacts the solid polymer film.

  Further, fuel reformed gas (H 2 + CO 2 + N 2) is circulated through one of the electrodes, and the potential of the electrode is set to be higher than the potential of the opposing electrode so that it can be energized.

  Next, in the multi-fuel supply system according to this embodiment configured as described above, the hydrogen separation means has an electrochemical structure having a hydrogen separation membrane structure in which at least electrodes are arranged on both sides of the solid polymer membrane. By using the selective hydrogen separation means 13, only hydrogen contained in the fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen supplied to the electrode on one side of the hydrogen separation membrane, is converted into hydrogen ions and electrons at the electrode on one side. The hydrogen ions pass through the solid polymer membrane and combine with electrons at the opposite electrode to generate hydrogen gas.

  That is, by supplying electricity to the electrochemical hydrogen separation means 13, hydrogen molecules are hydrogen ionized at the electrode on the side where the voltage is set high.

(H2⇒2H ^{+ +} 2e ^-)
On the other hand, at the opposite electrode, hydrogen ions and electrons react to generate hydrogen molecules.

(2H ⁺⁺ 2e ^- ⇒H2)
Note that a voltage of about 1.5 V or more is required for hydrogen generation.

  By the electrochemical reaction as described above, only hydrogen is separated through the hydrogen separation membrane.

  In the hydrogen separation method of the present embodiment, by using such an electrochemical reaction, fuel reforming, which is a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. Only hydrogen can be efficiently separated from the gas.

  In addition, since the electrochemical hydrogen separation means 13 can generate a hydrogen amount proportional to the amount of electricity flowing, the hydrogen purification amount can be easily controlled.

  Furthermore, since the amount of hydrogen corresponding to the amount of electricity flowing can be purified, hydrogen purification can be performed even when the pressure on the side where hydrogen is generated increases, so that the separated hydrogen can be boosted.

  This eliminates the need for a booster pump or the like that is necessary for storing hydrogen, so that hydrogen boosting required for hydrogen storage can be performed simultaneously with hydrogen separation, and the system can be simplified.

  As described above, in the power supply type multi-fuel supply system according to the present embodiment, the same effect as in the case of the second embodiment can be obtained. Only hydrogen can be efficiently separated from a certain fuel reformed gas, the amount of hydrogen purification can be easily controlled, and the system can be simplified.

(Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply type multi-fuel supply system by gasoline reforming according to the present embodiment, and the same elements as those in FIGS. 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals. .

  In FIG. 5, the gasoline stored in the gasoline tank 4 is supplied to the outside through a gasoline supply port 8.

  Moreover, a part of gasoline is supplied to the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 and reacted with the steam to be converted into a fuel reformed gas which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen.

  Further, the steam supplied to the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 circulates in the heat exchanger 1b for receiving heat generated from the water filter 6 and the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 from a water storage tank 17 described later. To get it.

  Further, the heat required for the fuel reforming is obtained by burning exhaust gas or gasoline having a reduced hydrogen concentration discharged from the electrochemical hydrogen separation means 13 in the combustion chamber 1a.

  Further, the fuel reformed gas obtained as described above is supplied to the electrochemical hydrogen separation means 13 and is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen according to the principle explained in the third embodiment. Only hydrogen in a certain fuel reformed gas is separated and stored in the hydrogen storage container 11.

  Here, a hydrogen storage alloy is used as the hydrogen storage container 11 in order to store a large amount of hydrogen at a low pressure.

  On the other hand, even after hydrogen separation, since the fuel reformed gas contains a small amount of hydrogen, it is supplied to the combustion chamber 1a of the steam-added gasoline reformer 1 and used as thermal energy by combustion.

  Further, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage container 11 is supplied to the outside through the hydrogen supply port 12.

  On the other hand, a part of hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell 14.

  In addition to the hydrogen, air is supplied to the fuel cell 14 by an air blower 7.

  That is, the fuel cell 14 has a pair of electrodes arranged with an electrolyte layer impregnated with an electrolyte, and takes out an electric output, that is, electric power, between the pair of electrodes by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. It is.

  The fuel cell 14 generates heat and water in addition to electric power. The heat and water are recovered by the heat and water recovery unit 15.

  The heat and water recovery unit 15 also recovers heat and water contained in the combustion gas discharged from the combustion chamber 1a.

  Further, the collected water is stored in the water storage tank 17.

  A part of the water is supplied to the outside through the water supply port 18 and used for car washing or the like.

  It is also used as a steam source necessary for reforming gasoline.

  Further, it is used for the plant growing plant 16.

  On the other hand, when the water level of the water storage tank 17 becomes below a certain level, water is supplied from the tap water 7 so that a sufficient amount of water is always secured in the water storage tank 17.

  Further, the heat recovered from the fuel cell 14 and the combustion chamber 1a of the steam-added gasoline reformer 1 is effectively used by a heat utilization facility 20 such as heating or heat insulation of a beverage can.

Further, the gas containing a large amount of CO ₂ discharged from the combustion chamber 1a of the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 is supplied to the plant growing plant 16 after recovering heat, thereby promoting the growth of the plant. .

  On the other hand, the electric power generated by the fuel cell 14 is supplied to the in-house electrical facility 19 and the electric power consumed at the gas station is always supplied.

  Further, it is also supplied to the electrochemical hydrogen separation means 13 to be used as electric power for separating hydrogen of the fuel reformed gas.

  Further, in the event of a disaster such as an earthquake, a part of the electric power is supplied to the disaster countermeasure electrical equipment 21 such as a wireless device.

  The gasoline tank 4 is provided with a gasoline supply port 22.

  In FIG. 5, illustrations of control devices such as valves and pumps, measuring instruments, and the like are omitted.

  Next, in the power supply type multi-fuel supply system according to the present embodiment configured as described above, each facility as described above is added to an existing gas station, so that gasoline and hydrogen Both can be supplied, and even when power distribution from the electrical system is stopped, hydrogen and power can be supplied stably without stopping the system.

  Further, in this system, high system efficiency can be achieved by effectively using heat, water and exhaust gas generated in the system.

  Furthermore, even in the event of a disaster such as an earthquake, lifelines such as electric power and water can be secured, so that it can be used as an information relay base or information transmission base when a disaster occurs.

  That is, a part of gasoline, which is a hydrocarbon-based fuel, is reformed into a fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen, and then hydrogen is separated and stored, so that conventional gasoline stations, etc. By effectively utilizing this infrastructure, it is possible to construct a power supply type multi-fuel supply system that can supply both gasoline and hydrogen, which are hydrocarbon fuels, and to minimize capital investment.

  In addition, since it is not necessary to compress and transport hydrogen individually, transportation efficiency can be greatly improved.

  Furthermore, hydrogen only needs to be produced when necessary, and since a large container for storing hydrogen and excessive pressurization are not required, fuel storage efficiency can be significantly increased.

  Furthermore, since pure hydrogen has a higher energy density than the fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen, the hydrogen storage container 11 can be made smaller.

  A small amount of hydrogen is also contained in the gas after separating hydrogen, and this is supplied to the combustion chamber 1a of the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 which is a fuel reforming means to serve as a heat source for reforming. Since it can be used, energy conversion efficiency is not greatly reduced.

  Moreover, since the storage pressure can be reduced by using a hydrogen storage alloy as the hydrogen storage container 11, the system can be operated more efficiently.

  Furthermore, by providing the fuel cell 14 that generates power with hydrogen, the power required for system control, the power required when electrochemically separating hydrogen from the fuel reformed gas, the power consumed outside the system, etc. Even if power distribution from the electric system is stopped, gasoline or hydrogen and electric power can be supplied without stopping the system.

  Further, the use of the fuel cell 14 as a power generation means for generating power with hydrogen provides the following effects.

  That is, the fuel cell 14 has extremely high power generation efficiency, excellent quietness, and excellent environmental performance compared to other generators using a Carnot cycle such as a gas turbine.

  For this reason, it is possible to reduce the operating cost compared to the case where the system is operated by purchasing power from the grid as in the past, and it can be installed in a facility in the city such as a gas station. Can be used effectively.

  Further, since the fuel cell 14 can convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electric power as a direct current, the direct current can be directly supplied from the fuel cell 14 to the electrochemical hydrogen separation means 13, and orthogonal conversion can be performed. Since no machine is required, the capital investment can be further reduced.

  Furthermore, since there is no power loss due to orthogonal transformation, highly efficient system operation can be performed.

  On the other hand, by providing the water storage tank 17 for storing the generated water obtained from the combustion chamber 1a of the fuel cell 14 and the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1, it is possible to effectively utilize the excess water in the system. Water can be supplied in the event of a disaster such as an earthquake.

  Thereby, for example, many gas stations existing in the city can be effectively used as a temporary evacuation site when a disaster occurs.

  In addition, the disaster countermeasure electrical equipment 21 is provided, and in the event of an emergency, power is supplied to the in-house electrical equipment 19 and the disaster countermeasure electrical equipment 21 by the power generated by the fuel cell 14, so that the system can be operated independently, Electric power can be supplied even when it occurs.

  As a result, many gas stations in the city can be effectively used as an information relay base or an information transmission base when a disaster occurs.

  Furthermore, since the exhaust gas containing a large amount of carbon dioxide discharged from the combustion chamber 1a of the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 is supplied to the plant growing plant 16, photosynthesis of plants can be activated. Plant growth can be accelerated.

  On the other hand, by building a system at a gas station using gasoline as the fuel to be supplied, it is possible to make effective use of infrastructures located around the world.

  In addition, gasoline is a very well-handled fuel and has penetrated the market, so it is optimal as a co-fuel at the time of conversion to hydrogen, the next-generation energy.

  Furthermore, exhaust heat can be effectively utilized by providing a heat utilization facility 20 that utilizes exhaust heat generated during gasoline reforming in the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 or during power generation in the fuel cell 14. And the energy efficiency of the entire system can be improved.

  Further, as a hydrogen storage container 11, by adapting a technology for storing hydrogen in a hydrogen storage metal, when storing hydrogen in a normal gas compression system, the pressure to be stored needs to be several tens of MPa or more, The storage container is also large. On the other hand, since the hydrogen storage metal absorbs hydrogen at the hydrogen atom level, it can store hydrogen in an order of magnitude at a lower pressure than in the gas pressurization method.

  Thereby, since the hydrogen storage container 11 can be made small and the pressure for storing also becomes about several MPa, hydrogen storage energy can be made small.

(Modification)
In this embodiment, a fuel cell is used as a generator, but a generator using hydrogen energy such as a hydrogen engine may be used.

  As described above, in the power supply type multi-fuel supply system according to the present embodiment, both hydrocarbon-based fuel and pure hydrogen or gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen are supplied efficiently and with minimum capital investment. It is possible to adapt to the emergency situation.

(Fifth embodiment)
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply type multi-fuel supply system by gasoline reforming according to the present embodiment. The same parts as those in FIG. Only the different parts are described here.

  That is, the power supply type multi-fuel supply system by gasoline reforming according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the fuel in the gasoline tank 4 which is the fuel storage means for storing the hydrocarbon fuel in FIG. The take-out port is provided at a position above the fuel liquid level.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the gasoline tank 4 has a gasoline supply port 22 for supplying gasoline, a pump 23 for supplying gasoline in liquid form from the gasoline tank 4 and a gasoline supply port 8, gasoline A blower 24 and a gasoline vapor supply port 25 for supplying gasoline as steam from the tank 4 are provided.

  Here, the gasoline outlet port of the gasoline vapor supply port 25 is provided at a position above the fuel level.

  However, in the present embodiment, illustration of other devices such as a pressure retainer is omitted.

  Next, in the multi-fuel supply system according to the present embodiment configured as described above, the gasoline take-out port of the gasoline vapor supply port 25 is provided at a position above the fuel liquid level, so that it has already been gasified. Therefore, it is not necessary to preheat the fuel to be supplied to the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 which is a fuel reforming means, so that the energy efficiency of the entire system can be improved.

  That is, usually, the gasoline supplied to the reformer needs to be gasified.

  For this reason, when using liquid fuel, it is common to heat and gasify in advance.

  On the other hand, since gasoline has a high vapor pressure, a portion of the gasoline is evaporated and gasified.

  For this reason, by providing the gasoline take-out port of the gasoline vapor supply port 25 above the fuel level, the already gasified gasoline can be taken out, and the fuel supplied to the steam addition type gasoline reformer 1 The energy efficiency of the entire system can be improved.

  As described above, in the multi-fuel supply system of the power conversion device according to this embodiment, the energy efficiency of the entire system can be further improved.

(Other embodiments)
(A) In each of the second to fifth embodiments, the case where gasoline is used as the hydrocarbon-based fuel has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and similarly to the case of the first embodiment, carbonization is performed. It is obvious that methanol, propane gas or the like may be used as the hydrogen-based fuel, and that a gas station, a gas station, or the like is applied as the existing infrastructure.

  (B) In each of the second to fifth embodiments, the case where a steam addition type gasoline reformer is used as the fuel reformer has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. As is the case, it is clear that an autothermal fuel reformer can be applied as the fuel reformer.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Steam addition type gasoline reformer 1a ... Combustion chamber of gasoline reformer 1b ... Heat exchanger 2 ... Gas booster pump 3 ... Fuel reformed gas storage container 4 ... Gasoline tank 5 ... Tap water
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 6 ... Water filter 7 ... Air blower 8 ... Gasoline supply port 9 ... Fuel reforming gas supply port 10 ... Membrane separator 11 ... Hydrogen storage container 12 ... Hydrogen supply port 13 ... Electrochemical hydrogen separation means 14 ... Fuel cell 15 ... Heat and water recovery device 16 ... Plant growing plant 17 ... Water storage tank 18 ... Water supply port 19 ... In-house electrical equipment 20 ... Heat utilization equipment 21 ... Disaster prevention electrical equipment 22 ... Gasoline supply port 23 ... Pump 24 ... Blower 25 ... Gasoline Steam supply port.

Claims (11)

  Fuel storage means for storing hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline and methanol, and fuel for converting the hydrocarbon fuel stored in the fuel storage means into a fuel reformed gas which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen Reforming means, hydrogen separating means for separating hydrogen from fuel reformed gas which is a gaseous fuel mainly composed of hydrogen converted by the fuel reforming means, and hydrogen separated by the hydrogen separating means is stored. Comprising hydrogen storage means, wherein the hydrogen separation means has a hydrogen separation membrane structure in which at least electrodes are arranged on both sides of a solid polymer membrane, and a gas fuel mainly composed of hydrogen on one electrode A fuel reforming gas, which is a gaseous fuel that is electrochemically composed mainly of hydrogen, by passing a current so that the potential of the electrode is higher than the potential of the opposing electrode. Gas to water Multi fuel supply system characterized in that as the provided electrochemical hydrogen separation means for separating the opposite electrode side, to supply both the hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen.   2. The multi-fuel supply system according to claim 1, further comprising a fuel reforming gas that is a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component or a power generation means that generates electric power using the hydrogen.   The multi-fuel supply system according to claim 2, wherein the power generation means includes a pair of electrodes sandwiched between an electrolyte layer impregnated with an electrolyte, and a pair of electrodes by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. A multi-fuel supply system comprising a fuel cell that extracts electrical output (electric power) from between electrodes.   4. The multi-fuel supply system according to claim 3, wherein hydrogen is separated from a fuel reformed gas, which is a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen as a main component, by electric power generated by the fuel cell. Fuel supply system.   The multi-fuel supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a water storage unit that stores generated water discharged from the fuel reforming unit or the power generation unit. Multi-fuel supply system.   6. The multi-fuel supply system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising disaster countermeasure means, and in an emergency, power is supplied to on-site electrical equipment and the disaster countermeasure means by the power generated by the power generation means. A multi-fuel supply system characterized by that.   The multi-fuel supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the fuel combustion exhaust gas discharged from the fuel combustion chamber of the fuel reforming means or the exhaust gas discharged from the power generation means is used. A fuel supply system characterized by cultivating plants.   The multi-fuel supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein gasoline is used as the hydrocarbon-based fuel.   The multi-fuel supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising exhaust heat utilization means for utilizing exhaust heat obtained from the system main body.   The multi-fuel supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a fuel outlet in the fuel storage means for storing the hydrocarbon-based fuel is provided at an upper position than the fuel liquid level. A multi-fuel supply system.   The multi-fuel supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the hydrogen storage means includes a hydrogen storage means for storing the hydrogen in a hydrogen storage metal or hydrogen storage carbon. A multi-fuel supply system.

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