JP2009167424A - Gasification apparatus for organic fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gasification apparatus capable of efficiently scraping off a slug deposited on an inner wall of a gasification furnace. <P>SOLUTION: A slug scraping off means for scraping off the slug deposited on the inner wall of the gasification furnace of the gasification apparatus for the organic fuel is provided. As the slug scraping off means, the means having a mechanism for throwing a blast particle so as to circumferentially rotate the blast particle along the inner wall of the gasification furnace, the means having a drive shaft vertically movably rotated around a center of the gasification furnace, a paddle axially vertically fixed to a distal end of the drive shaft and a scraping plate fixed to both ends of the paddle and slide-contacted with the inner wall of the gasification furnace, and the means having a ring plate-like scraping plate slide-contactably positioned on an inner periphery of the gasification furnace and a pair of drive shafts for vertically movably supporting the scraping plate along the inner wall of the gasification furnace are used. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a gasification apparatus using an organic fuel such as fossil fuel such as petroleum and coal, waste, biomass, and more specifically, a gasification furnace that burns an organic fuel and generates a generated gas. It is related with the gasifier which can prevent that slug adheres to the inner wall of this and grows.

  Various gasifiers using fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal, waste materials, and combustible substances (organic fuels) such as biomass have been developed. A typical configuration is shown in FIG. This conventional gasifier uses a furnace referred to as a spouted-bed type vertical furnace, and as shown in the figure, the gasifier usually burns organic fuel to produce gas. And an organic fuel supply means 2 for supplying organic fuel to the gasifier 1 (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  The gasification furnace 1 has a structure in which a diameter gradually decreases from an upper gas generating section 3 having a large diameter to a lower section to form a straight tubular neck section 4 having a small diameter, and an ash storage section 5 is formed in the lower section. Have. A generated gas discharge port 6 is formed in the upper part of the gas generating unit 3, and a burner nozzle 7 constituting the organic fuel supply means 2 is attached to the lower part of the gas generating unit 3. The neck 4 is formed with an inlet 8 for a gasifying agent.

  The organic fuel supply means 2 includes the burner nozzle 7, a transport pipe 9 that supplies the gasification agent and the organic fuel mixed in an aerosol state to the burner nozzle 7, and the organic fuel and gasification. An injector 10 for mixing the agent, and a hopper 11 for feeding an organic fuel into the injector 10. A fixed amount feeder 11a is attached to the hopper 11, and a fixed amount of organic fuel can be supplied.

  In the organic fuel gasifier having the above-described structure, a gasifying agent such as air is injected from the inlet 8 of the neck 4 toward the upper portion of the furnace, and the organic fuel is conveyed to the gasifying agent to be burner nozzles. 7 is supplied into the furnace and burned. The organic fuel supplied into the furnace is combusted while being floated by a gasifying agent blown from below and an upward flow caused by combustion heat, and generates a product gas. The ash produced by the combustion falls on the neck 4 and accumulates in the ash reservoir 5 below, and is collected outside the system.

JP 2001-348578 A

  However, the following problems have been pointed out in the gasifier having the above configuration. That is, as the organic fuel, fossil fuels such as coal, wastes such as wood, and biomass materials such as vegetation are used. Among them, those having a low melting point of combustion ash such as grasses are used as the gas. When burned in the gasification furnace, the gasification furnace 1 is at a high temperature of 900 to 1200 ° C., so that the combustion ash is melted or softened before dropping into the ash reservoir 5, and the melt or softened product. (Main components are sodium and potassium) adhere to the inner wall of the gasification furnace 1. This deposit is called slug 12, and the deposit phenomenon is called slugging. The slug 12 grows cumulatively when continuing to burn organic fuel that produces ash having a softening point or melting point lower than the temperature in the furnace of the gasification furnace 1 and significantly reduces the combustion efficiency of the gasification furnace. I will let you. If left untreated, it will also develop to block the upward flow in the furnace.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a gasifier capable of efficiently scraping off the slug adhering to the inner wall of the gasification furnace.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, a gasification apparatus for organic fuel according to claim [1] of the present invention includes a gasification furnace that generates a product gas by burning organic fuel, An organic fuel gasification apparatus comprising an organic fuel supply means for supplying organic fuel to the gasification furnace, comprising a slug scavenging means for scrubbing off sludge adhering to the inner wall of the gasification furnace. It is characterized by that.

  The gasifier for an organic fuel according to claim [2] of the present invention is the gasifier according to claim [1], wherein the slug scraping means moves blast particles along the inner wall of the gasifier. It is characterized by having a blasting nozzle that is introduced so as to circulate, and blast supply means for supplying blast particles to the nozzle.

  The gasifier for organic fuel according to claim [3] of the present invention is the gasifier according to claim [2], wherein a burner nozzle for introducing the organic fuel into the gasifier is the blast. It also features a nozzle for use.

  An organic fuel gasifier according to claim [4] of the present invention is the gasifier according to claim [2], wherein a plurality of the blast nozzles are provided.

  An organic fuel gasification apparatus according to claim [5] of the present invention is the gasification apparatus according to claim [4], wherein a part of the plurality of blast nozzles is attached below the burner nozzle, Another blast nozzle is mounted above the burner nozzle.

  An organic fuel gasifier according to claim [6] of the present invention is the gasifier according to any one of claims [2] to [4], wherein continuous supply and intermittent supply of the blast particles are performed. Supply control means for controlling is further provided.

  The gasifier for organic fuel according to claim [7] of the present invention is the gasifier according to any one of claims [2] to [6], wherein the ash discharged from the gasifier is used. A blast material collecting means for collecting the organic fuel ash and the blast material and collecting the blast material is further provided.

  The organic fuel gasifier according to claim [8] of the present invention is the gasifier according to claim [1], wherein the slug scraping means rotates about the center of the gasifier so as to move up and down. A drive shaft, a paddle fixed perpendicularly to the tip of the drive shaft in the axial direction, and a scraper fixed to both ends of the paddle and in sliding contact with the inner wall of the gasification furnace, .

  An organic fuel gasifier according to claim [9] of the present invention is the gasifier according to claim [8], wherein the drive shaft, the paddle, and the scraper are in communication with each other. And the coolant is circulated inside.

  An organic fuel gasifier according to claim [10] of the present invention is the gasifier according to claim [8], wherein the drive shaft, the paddle, and the scraper have a hollow structure communicating with each other. An injection hole is formed in the front surface in the circumferential direction of the scraper plate, and the coolant press-fitted inside from the drive shaft side can be injected from the front surface of the scraper plate.

  An organic fuel gasifier according to claim [11] of the present invention is the gasifier according to claim [1], wherein the slug scraping means is slidably contacted with the inner periphery of the gasifier. And a pair of drive shafts for instructing the scraper to move up and down along the inner wall of the gasification furnace.

  An organic fuel gasifier according to claim [12] of the present invention is the gasifier according to claim [11], wherein the pair of drive shafts and the wheel-shaped scraper communicate with each other. And the coolant is circulated inside.

  The organic fuel gasifier according to the present invention has a function to efficiently scrape off sludge adhering to the inner wall of a gasifier even when an organic fuel having a low melting point of combustion ash is used as the fuel. Since it has, it can prevent the combustion efficiency fall by slug and the blockage | closure of a furnace, and can carry out the combustion processing of a wide range of organic fuel efficiently and continuously.

It is a block diagram which shows the 1st Example of the gasification apparatus of the organic fuel concerning this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the 2nd Example of the gasification apparatus of the organic fuel concerning this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the 3rd Example of the gasification apparatus of the organic fuel concerning this invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a main part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3. It is a block diagram of the principal part which shows the 4th Example of the gasification apparatus of the organic fuel concerning this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the 5th Example of the gasification apparatus of the organic fuel concerning this invention. It is principal part sectional block diagram of the apparatus shown in FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the conventional organic fuel gasification apparatus.

  Embodiments of an organic fuel gasifier according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of an organic fuel gasifier according to the present invention. In the figure, the same components as those shown in FIG. As described above, the present invention is characterized in that it has slug scraping means for scraping off the slug 12 adhering to the inner wall of the gasification furnace 1. The feature of the first embodiment is that a blast material made of an inorganic material having a high specific gravity such as silica sand and a high ash melting point is filled in the hopper 13, and a predetermined amount is obtained from the quantitative feeder 14 attached to the hopper 13. The injector 11 is configured to be supplied together with the organic fuel.

  The blast material mixed with the organic fuel is transported by the gasifying agent and is introduced from the burner nozzle 7 so as to circulate along the inner wall of the gasification furnace 1. Since the blast material circulates in a spiral shape while rubbing the inner wall of the gasification furnace 1, if slag adheres to the inner wall surface, it exerts an action of scraping it off.

  The particle size of the blast material is preferably 200 μm to 1000 μm, and more preferably 200 μm to 500 μm. Further, the mixing amount of the blast material to the organic fuel has an upper limit value equivalent to the weight of the combustion ash of the supplied organic fuel, and is preferably 1 to 10% with respect to the weight of the supplied organic fuel. This mixing amount is determined by the amount of slag generated and the slag removal speed by the blast material, and therefore varies depending on the components of the organic fuel used. As the correct value, the above numerical range is appropriate.

  It is preferable that a blast material collecting means is further incorporated in the gasifier. As such a recovery means, as shown in the figure, a filter separation device 15 using a filter is provided at the ash content outlet at the bottom of the gasification furnace 1, and a relatively large particle size and lightweight ash, and a relatively small size. A configuration in which blast particles having a large particle size and specific gravity are separated by filtration and the blast particles are recovered is conceivable. The collected blast material is sent to the hopper 13 by a known conveying means such as a belt conveyor and reused.

  FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the organic fuel gasifier according to the present invention, and the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those in FIG. 1 to simplify the description. The feature of the second embodiment is that two nozzles 20 and 21 are provided independently of the burner nozzle 7 as blast nozzles. Along with this, a blasting material conveying pipe 22 is also provided independently. The downstream side of the transport pipe 22 is branched into two, one connected to the nozzle 20 and the other connected to the nozzle 21. The blast nozzle 20 is attached above the burner nozzle 7, and the other blast nozzle 21 is attached below the burner nozzle 7.

  An injector 23 is connected upstream of the transfer pipe 22, and a hopper 24 filled with a blast material and a transfer gas supply pipe 25 connected to a compressed nitrogen gas source (not shown) are connected to the injector 23. The carrier gas supply pipe 25 is provided with an automatic opening / closing valve 27 that is appropriately opened and closed by a timer 26.

  By providing the nozzles 20 and 21 for supplying the blast material above and below the burner nozzle 7 as in the above configuration, the slag adhering to the upper wall surface in the furnace can be scraped off. The reason why the nozzle 21 is also provided at the lower side is that the circulatory kinetic energy of the blast material introduced from the upper nozzle 20 decreases as it goes downward, and the lower slag scraping ability decreases, so it is necessary to compensate for it. It is. Moreover, as a blast material to supply, the thing of a uniform particle size may be used, and the thing which set the size to the particle size intentionally may be used. In the case where a material having a large or small particle size is used, the blast material supplied from the upper nozzle 20 particularly attacks a slag having a relatively small particle size, and a blast material having a large particle size is directed downward. However, since the circulatory energy is maintained, the slag also attacks relatively lower slag, which is suitable for removing the lower slag with a large amount of adhesion.

  In this embodiment, the blast material can be supplied continuously or intermittently by attaching the automatic valve 27 having the timer 26. In order not to waste the amount of blasting material used, it is preferable to supply the blasting material intermittently from the slag removal required time set empirically. Moreover, not only can the blast material be saved by intermittent supply, but also unnecessary wear of the inner wall of the gasification furnace 1 can be avoided.

  FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the organic fuel gasifier according to the present invention. The same components as those in the above-mentioned configuration are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description will be simplified. The feature of the third embodiment is that the slug scraping means includes a drive shaft 30 that rotates so as to move up and down the center of the gasification furnace 1, and a paddle 31 that is fixed vertically to the tip of the drive shaft 30 in the axial direction. As shown in FIG. 4, the paddle 31 is fixed to both ends and has a scraping plate 32 that is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the gasification furnace 1.

  The drive shaft 30 is fixed to the top portion of the gasification furnace 1 through a shaft seal portion 33 so as to be rotatable and vertically movable. The rotation of the drive shaft 30 is performed by a drive motor 34, and the vertical movement is performed by a column type rotary elevator 35.

  The drive shaft 30, the paddle 31, and the scraper 32 have a hollow structure communicating with each other, and a coolant can be circulated therein. Therefore, even if it is placed in a high temperature furnace, it will not be thermally degraded. One paddle 31 or a plurality of paddles 31 may be provided, and two or more scrapers 32 may be received.

  In the above configuration, the scraper plate 32 is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the gasification furnace 1 so as to be moved up and down while rotating the drive shaft 30, and is attached to the inner wall of the gasification furnace 1 by the scraper plate 32. The existing slag will be forcibly removed.

  FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and the same components as those in FIG. The feature of the fourth embodiment is that a spout 41 is formed on the front surface in the circumferential direction of a scraper 40 having a hollow structure attached to both ends of a paddle 31 having a hollow structure. The configuration of the third embodiment is the same.

  According to the above configuration, when the cooling gas is used as the coolant, the cooling gas that has cooled the drive shaft 30, the paddle 31, and the scraper plate 40 is injected from the jet outlet 41 on the front surface of the scraper plate 40. The slag scraped off from the inner wall of the gasification furnace 1 by 40 can be removed from the scraper plate 40. As a result, the slag removal efficiency using the scraper 40 can be increased.

  FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention, and the same elements as those in the above-mentioned configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is simplified. The fifth embodiment is characterized in that the slug scraping means has a ring-shaped scraping plate 50 positioned so as to be slidable on the inner periphery of the gasification furnace 1 as shown in FIG. 7, and gasifies the scraping plate 50. It is characterized by having a pair of drive shafts 51 and 52 supported so as to be movable up and down along the inner wall of the furnace 1.

  The set of drive shafts 51 and 52 is fixed to the top portion of the gasification furnace 1 through a set of shaft seal portions 53 and 54 so as to be rotatable and vertically movable. The vertical movement of the drive shafts 51 and 52 is performed by column-type rotary elevators 55 and 56.

  The drive shafts 51 and 52 and the scraper plate 50 have a hollow structure communicating with each other, and a coolant can be circulated therein. Therefore, even if it is placed in a high temperature furnace, it will not be thermally degraded.

  In the above-described configuration, the scraper plate 50 is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the gasification furnace 1 so that the scraper 50 adheres to the inner wall of the gasification furnace 1 when the drive shafts 51 and 52 are moved up and down. The slag will be forced off.

  In the fourth embodiment, the cooling gas jet 41 is provided on the front surface of the scraper plate 40 so as to efficiently screen out the slag. In the fifth embodiment as well, the ring-plate scraper plate 50 is used. You may provide a spout in the upper surface or the lower surface of this, or both the upper surface and the lower surface. In particular, since the scraped slug easily accumulates on the upper surface of the scraper plate 50, it is effective to provide a cooling gas jet on the upper surface of the scraper plate 50.

  As described above, the organic fuel gasification apparatus according to the present invention efficiently produces slug that adheres and grows on the inner wall of a gasification furnace when organic fuel having a low softening point or melting point of combustion ash is processed. Because it has a function of scavenging, not only coal-based or wood-based organic fuels with a relatively high combustion point or high melting point of combustion ash, but also intake air with a low softening point or low melting point of combustion ash such as grass System fuel can be processed widely and stably. Accordingly, the organic fuel gasification apparatus of the present invention has high durability as the apparatus and has a high degree of freedom in selecting an organic fuel to be processed, and is therefore suitable for use in the gasification of any organic fuel.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gasification furnace 12 Slug 13 Blast material hopper 14 Fixed feeder 11, 23 Injector 15 Blast material filtration device 20, 21 Blast nozzle 22 Blast material conveyance pipe 24 Blast material filled hopper 25 Blast material supply gas supply Pipe 26 Timer 27 Automatic open / close valve 30 Drive shaft 31 Paddle 32 Scraper 34 Drive motor 35 Column-type rotary elevator 40 Scraper 41 Scraper outlet 50 Ring-plate scraper 51, 52 A set of drive shafts 55, 56 Column type rotary elevator

Claims (2)

In an organic fuel gasification apparatus comprising: a gasification furnace that burns organic fuel to generate product gas; and an organic fuel supply means that supplies the organic fuel to the gasification furnace,
A scraper plate that is slidably contacted with the inner periphery of the gasification furnace, and a set of drive shafts that support the scraper so as to be movable up and down along the inner wall of the gasification furnace. An organic fuel gasification apparatus comprising a slug scavenging means for scrubbing off the slug adhering to the inner wall of the gasification furnace.   2. The organic fuel according to claim 1, wherein the pair of drive shafts and the wheel-plate scraper have a hollow structure that communicates with each other, and a coolant can be circulated therein. Gasifier.

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