JP2011127844A - Combustion device for solid fuel and boiler device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion device for solid fuel and a boiler device, which appropriately discharges ash accumulated within a combustion pot, in a method for burning the solid fuel by the combustion pot. <P>SOLUTION: The combustion device for solid fuel includes: an outer cylindrical part 10 forming a cylindrical combustion chamber 15; an ash recovery hopper part 20 continued to the lower side of the outer cylindrical part 10; the combustion pot 30 formed into a pot shape on a circular plane, arranged to generate an air gap over the all circumferences with the inner peripheral face of the outer cylindrical part 10, and having a pot lower part 33 with a bottom as a supplied part of the solid fuel 50 and an air supply hole 35; a fuel hopper 51 storing the solid fuel 50; a screw conveyor 40 having a cylindrical body 41 for sending the solid fuel 50 and a screw 42 inserted into the cylindrical body 41; a rotating driving device 44 for the screw 42 for rotating the screw 42 normally and reversely; and a discharge port 43 provided in a portion of the cylindrical body 41 between the fuel hopper 51 and the outer cylindrical part 10. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a solid fuel combustion apparatus for burning a combustible material that is a granular or powdered finely divided solid that can be fluidized and transferred.

Conventionally, ash discharge processing when burning solid fuel such as soot has been carried out by scraping it manually with a scoop or the like every time a certain amount of ash is deposited on the bottom.
Also, in the case of a fine solid fuel such as a granular material, it is difficult to separate a portion where the solid fuel is burned from a portion where ash is deposited. Therefore, when a certain amount of solid fuel burns continuously, the combustion is temporarily stopped and the ash remaining in the furnace is scraped off.

On the other hand, in a solid fuel combustion apparatus for burning a combustible material that is solid, such as granular or powdery, and can be flowed and transferred, an outer cylindrical portion that forms a cylindrical combustion chamber, A substantially inverted conical hopper portion provided continuously below the outer cylindrical portion, and a substantially planar shape of a pot having an open top surface formed in a circular pot shape, the inner lower side of the outer cylindrical portion The inner cylindrical surface of the outer cylindrical portion and the entire circumference are arranged so that a required gap is formed, the bottom portion is provided as a portion to be supplied with solid fuel such as the granular material, and the inner diameter above the bottom portion is increased. There has been proposed a solid fuel combustion apparatus including a combustion pot provided with a supply portion of combustion air so as to substantially generate an upward swirling airflow in a diameter portion (see Patent Document 1).
According to this solid fuel combustion apparatus, the ash after combustion can be automatically discharged with a simple configuration, corresponding to fine solid fuel such as particulates.

JP 2008-261527 A (first page)

The problem to be solved regarding the solid fuel combustion device and the boiler device is that when solid fuel is burned in the combustion pot, ash is accumulated in the combustion pot, but means for appropriately discharging the ash is not available. That is not proposed.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel combustion apparatus and a boiler apparatus that can appropriately discharge ash accumulated in a combustion pot in a system in which solid fuel is burned in a combustion pot.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the following arrangement.
According to one embodiment of the solid fuel combustion apparatus and boiler apparatus according to the present invention, the combustion of the solid fuel that combusts the combustible material that is granular or powdered and can be flowed and transferred. In the apparatus, an outer cylindrical portion that forms a cylindrical combustion chamber, an ash recovery hopper portion that is provided so that ash can be continuously recovered below the outer cylindrical portion, and a planar form circle with an open upper surface The pot lower part including the bottom part is a solid fuel supplied part, and is formed so that a gap is formed on the inner lower side of the outer cylindrical part over the inner peripheral surface and the entire circumference of the outer cylindrical part. A combustion pot provided with an air supply hole portion for supplying combustion air inwardly to an upper portion of the pot having an enlarged inner diameter, a fuel hopper for storing the solid fuel, and the fuel For hopper from the bottom of the pot A screw conveyor connected as a means for supplying the solid fuel so as to extend from a side surface of the combustion pot to a lower portion of the pot inside, and provided with a cylinder for feeding the solid fuel and a screw inserted through the cylinder And rotating the screw forward and backward, supplying the solid fuel to the combustion pot during forward rotation, and rotating the screw provided to scrape ash remaining in the combustion pot during reverse rotation And a discharge port portion provided so as to be opened and closed to discharge the ash to a portion of the cylindrical body between the fuel hopper and the outer cylindrical portion.

  Further, according to one aspect of the solid fuel combustion apparatus and the boiler apparatus according to the present invention, the cylindrical body is disposed at the distal end side of the cylindrical body that discharges the solid fuel and is located inside the outer cylindrical section. The water cooling part for cooling this cylindrical body front-end | tip part can be provided.

According to one aspect of the solid fuel combustion apparatus and boiler apparatus of the present invention, a plurality of claw-like protrusions may be provided on a distal end side of the screw extending to the lower portion of the pot. .
Also, according to one aspect of the solid fuel combustion apparatus and boiler apparatus of the present invention, an ash discharging device is connected to the lower portion of the ash recovery hopper so as to automatically discharge ash. Can be characterized.

  Further, according to one embodiment of the solid fuel combustion apparatus and the boiler apparatus of the present invention, heat exchange is performed above the combustion pot in the solid fuel combustion apparatus and above the inside of the cylindrical combustion chamber. It can be characterized by comprising a vessel.

  According to the solid fuel combustion apparatus and boiler apparatus of the present invention, there is a particularly advantageous effect that it is possible.

It is sectional drawing which shows the example of the form of the boiler apparatus concerning this invention.

Hereinafter, an example of a boiler apparatus employing a solid fuel combustion apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings (FIG. 1). The boiler solid fuel combustion device of this boiler device is a device that burns combustible materials that are granular or powdered solids that can be flowed and transported.
Note that the granular or powdered subdivided solid is, for example, a pulverized product of woody material or grassy material such as wood chips or sawdust. In addition, such finely divided solids that have been appropriately agglomerated (pelletized) to have fluidity, and organic waste such as mushroom waste medium and garbage generated in fungus bed cultivation What was dried to a granular form as a raw material is also contained.

Reference numeral 10 denotes an outer cylindrical portion, which is a main body forming a cylindrical combustion chamber 15.
According to the outer cylindrical portion 10, the inner peripheral surface 11 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape. That is, the inner peripheral surface 11 is formed so as to correspond to a smooth curved surface of the cylindrical inner surface of the cyclone dust collector, and the form of the outer surface 13 is not particularly limited. According to this, the inner peripheral surface 11 suitably functions as a guide surface for smoothly guiding and dropping the ash particles separated from the air flow by centrifugal force or the like.

Reference numeral 20 denotes an ash recovery hopper, which is provided on the lower side of the outer cylindrical portion 10 so that ash can be recovered continuously.
According to the ash recovery hopper portion 20, the inner surface 21 is formed in a reverse taper shape. That is, the inner surface 21 is formed to correspond to the hopper portion of the cyclone dust collector, and the form of the outer surface is not particularly limited. According to this, the inner surface 21 suitably functions as a guide surface for collecting and collecting ash particles smoothly.

An ash discharging device 25 is connected to the lower portion of the ash recovery hopper 20 so as to automatically discharge the ash.
The ash discharging device 25 of this embodiment is configured by a screw conveyor. According to this, the ash 22 deposited in the ash recovery hopper 20 can be automatically discharged continuously or intermittently to a required ash storage unit (ash recovery can 26). For this reason, an operator's labor can be saved and work efficiency can be improved.

Reference numeral 30 denotes a combustion pot, which is formed in a circular pot shape with an open upper surface and has a required shape over the entire inner circumference of the outer cylindrical portion 10 on the inner lower side of the outer cylindrical portion 10. It arrange | positions so that the space | gap 31 may arise.
In this embodiment, the outer cylindrical portion 10 and the combustion pot 30 are arranged so that the gaps 31 between the inner peripheral surface 11 of the outer cylindrical portion 10 and the outer peripheral surface 32 of the combustion pot 30 are equally spaced over the entire circumference. It is arranged concentrically. The outer peripheral surface 32 of the combustion pot 30 is formed to be substantially cylindrical.

In this combustion pot 30, a pot lower portion 33 including a bottom portion is provided as a solid fuel supply portion, and an air supply hole for supplying combustion air inward to the pot upper portion 34 having an enlarged inner diameter. A portion 35 is provided. According to this, air can be sent to the solid fuel 50 and burned suitably by the principle of fire-blown bamboo. A blower 36 supplies combustion air to the air supply hole 35.
In addition, the form of the combustion pot 30 is not limited to this, For example, you may form so that an inner space shape may become an inverted truncated cone shape (taper shape) gradually diameter-expanding upwards. According to this, ascending air current is easily generated along the slope. In addition, the direction of air ejection from the air supply hole 35 may be provided obliquely so as to generate a swirling flow.

According to this, the ash after combustion of the solid fuel 50 is caused to rise by the updraft caused by the combustion. Further, since an ascending airflow hardly occurs around the center of the cylindrical combustion chamber 15, the ash is suitably separated from the exhaust flow, and the ash settles along the inner peripheral surface 11 of the cylindrical combustion chamber 15. .
Since the ash is light, it easily rises by the rising air flow generated by burning the solid fuel itself and the flow of supplied combustion air, and can float without staying in the combustion pot 30. The ash separated from the combustion air flow (exhaust flow) as described above travels along the inner peripheral surface 11 of the outer cylindrical portion 10 and the inner surface 21 of the ash recovery hopper portion 20, and the lower part of the ash recovery hopper portion 20. Collected. For this reason, ash can be suitably discharged.
In this way, since the ash is scattered sequentially and comes out of the combustion pot 30, the solid fuel 50 that is sequentially supplied is rarely covered with the ash. Therefore, oxygen is suitably supplied to the solid fuel 50, and the solid fuel 50 is burned efficiently.

Reference numeral 51 denotes a fuel hopper, which is a storage tank in which the solid fuel 50 is stored. The fuel hopper 51 is charged with solid fuel from the outside and stored.
Reference numeral 52 denotes an agitation device that agitates so as to be sent to the lower screw conveyor 40 while preventing the solid fuel 50 from solidifying while slowly rotating. Reference numeral 53 denotes a drive device for the stirring device.

  Reference numeral 40 denotes a screw conveyor which is connected so as to extend from the side surface of the combustion pot 30 to the inner pot lower portion 33 as a means for supplying the solid fuel 50 from the fuel hopper 51 to the pot lower portion 33, and for sending the solid fuel 50. A cylindrical body 41 and a screw 42 inserted through the cylindrical body 41 are provided. In this embodiment, the screw conveyor 40 is arranged horizontally, and the solid fuel 50 is sent horizontally through the cylindrical body 41.

Reference numeral 44 denotes a screw rotation drive device that rotates the screw 42 forward and backward, supplies the solid fuel 50 to the combustion pot 30 during forward rotation, and scrapes the ash remaining in the combustion pot 30 during reverse rotation. Is provided.
As the screw rotation drive device 44, for example, a drive device constituted by an electric motor with a speed reducer and a speed reduction mechanism using a chain can be employed.

  Reference numeral 43 denotes a discharge port portion, which is provided so that it can be opened and closed in order to discharge ash to a portion of the cylindrical body 41 between the fuel hopper 51 and the outer cylindrical portion 10. In the present embodiment, the discharge port portion 43 is configured by an opening 43a provided on the lower surface side of the cylindrical body 41 and a closing plate 43b that can close the opening. Without being limited to this form, for example, if a mechanism capable of automatically opening and closing the closing plate 43b is employed, the ash discharging operation can be automated.

  Thereby, the solid fuel 50 can be automatically supplied into the pot lower portion 33 of the combustion pot 30 continuously or intermittently. The means for supplying the solid fuel 50 is not limited to such a form. For example, the solid fuel 50 may be supplied obliquely from the lower side to the pot lower portion 33 of the combustion pot 30, or may be supplied from directly below according to the installation conditions of the apparatus.

It should be noted that the tip of the screw of the screw conveyor 40 is disposed so as to protrude into the pot lower portion 33 of the combustion pot 30 as shown in FIG.
According to this, the solid fuel 50 accumulated on the inner bottom surface of the combustion pot 30 can be agitated at the tip of the screw. Thus, combustion of the solid fuel 50 can be promoted, and silicon oxide can be prevented from melting and adhering to the inner surface of the combustion pot 30.

Reference numeral 45 denotes a water-cooling portion, which is provided at the distal end side of the cylindrical body 41 from which the solid fuel 50 is discharged and located inside the outer cylindrical portion 10 to cool the distal end portion of the cylindrical body. Yes. In this embodiment, it is a double pipe wound around the outer side of the cylinder 41, and is formed in a circulation channel through which water can circulate or pass. A water supply source 46 is connected to the water cooling unit 45.
By providing the water cooling portion 45 in this way, it is possible to prevent a phenomenon in which the unburned residue is solidified and adheres to the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 41 and the rotation of the screw 42 is hindered. In addition, it is thought that the phenomenon that the unburned residue hardens occurs when the glassy material contained in the fuel is melted once by being exposed to a high temperature and solidified by being cooled.

In the present embodiment, a plurality of claw-like projections 42 a are provided on the tip side that extends to the pot lower portion 33 of the screw 42.
According to this, fuel and ash can be scratched so as to prevent the phenomenon that the unburned residue is solidified, and even if the unburned mass is generated, it can be crushed at an early stage. Therefore, it is possible to prevent clogging of the passage of the cylindrical body 41 through which the solid fuel 50 is fed, and a preferable continuous operation can be realized.

Reference numeral 55 denotes a heat exchanger, which can be disposed above the combustion pot 30 and above the inside of the cylindrical combustion chamber 15. The upper side of the cylindrical combustion chamber 15 is a portion where the gas generated from the solid fuel 50 burns, and is a secondary combustion portion that burns in a high-temperature flame.
A boiler apparatus can be comprised by setting it as the form which can utilize the warm air, warm water, or steam which generate | occur | produces by being heated with this heat exchanger 55. FIG.

A cyclone dust collector 61 is connected to the cylindrical combustion chamber 15 and the exhaust pipe 60 so as to collect the generated ash that cannot be discharged via the ash collection hopper 20.
According to the cyclone dust collector 61, the ash discharged from the cylindrical combustion chamber 15 along with exhaust can be suitably separated, and clean exhaust can be discharged from the chimney. Most of the ash is collected by being collected in the ash recovery hopper 20, and the remaining slight ash is separated and recovered by the cyclone dust collector 61.
Further, the ash storage part of the ash discharging device 25 and the cyclone dust collector 61 may be equipped with an ash collection can 26 that can be attached and detached with a single touch, thereby improving work efficiency.

Reference numeral 70 denotes an ignition burner, for example, a burner for burning a liquid such as kerosene or heavy oil, and the solid fuel 50 can be ignited by disposing the tip of the burner nozzle so as to face the combustion pot 30. It is good to provide as follows.
Further, when the solid fuel 50 is burned after being ignited, the supply of the liquid fuel to the ignition burner 70 may be stopped and only the air blowing function may be used. According to the air blowing function of the ignition burner 70, the combustion air can be suitably supplied to the center of the combustion pot 30 by the principle of fire-blown bamboo, and the combustion efficiency of the solid fuel 50 can be increased. Note that switching from the combustion of the ignition burner 70 to only blowing can be easily automated by controlling the supply of liquid fuel to stop.

  As described above, the present invention has been described in various ways with preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. That's it.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Outer cylindrical part 11 Inner peripheral surface 15 Cylindrical combustion chamber 20 Ash collection hopper part 22 Ash 25 Ash discharge device 30 Combustion pot 31 Void 33 Pot lower part 34 Pot upper part 35 Air supply hole part 40 Screw conveyor 41 Cylindrical body 42 Screw 42a Claw-shaped projection 43 Discharge port 44 Screw rotation drive device 45 Cooling unit 50 Solid fuel 51 Fuel hopper 55 Heat exchanger

Claims (5)

In a solid fuel combustion apparatus for combusting combustible materials that are granular or powdered finely divided solids that can be fluidized and transported,
An outer cylindrical portion forming a cylindrical combustion chamber;
An ash recovery hopper provided so that ash can be continuously recovered below the outer cylindrical portion;
A pot including a bottom portion, which is formed in a circular pot shape with an open top surface, and is formed so that a gap is formed on the inner lower surface of the outer cylindrical portion over the inner circumferential surface and the entire circumference of the outer cylindrical portion. A combustion pot provided with an air supply hole for supplying combustion air inwardly to an upper portion of the pot having an inner diameter increased, while a lower portion is provided as a solid fuel supply portion;
A fuel hopper for storing the solid fuel;
As a means for supplying the solid fuel from the fuel hopper to the lower part of the pot, it is connected so as to extend from the side of the combustion pot to the lower part of the pot inside, and a cylinder for feeding the solid fuel to the cylinder A screw conveyor including the inserted screw;
A screw rotation driving device provided to rotate the screw forward and backward, to supply the solid fuel to the combustion pot during forward rotation, and to scrape ash remaining in the combustion pot during reverse rotation; ,
A solid fuel combustion apparatus comprising: a discharge port portion provided so as to be opened and closed in order to discharge the ash at a portion of the cylindrical body between the fuel hopper and the outer cylindrical portion. .   A water cooling part for cooling the tip of the cylindrical body is provided at a tip of the cylindrical body located inside the outer cylindrical part on the tip side of the cylindrical body that discharges the solid fuel. The solid fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 1.   The solid fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of claw-like projections are provided on a tip side of the screw extending to the lower portion of the pot.   4. The solid fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an ash discharge device is connected to a lower portion of the ash recovery hopper so as to automatically discharge ash.   5. The solid fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is disposed above the combustion pot and above the inside of the cylindrical combustion chamber. Boiler equipment.

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