JP2009157352A - Polarizer, manufacturing method thereof, optical film, and image display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polarizer which is satisfied in durability and display uniformity (variations). <P>SOLUTION: The polarizer has transparent protective films provided on both sides of a polyvinyl alcohol polarizer through adhesive layers. The transparent protective film on one surface is a retardation plate which contains a (meta) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure and has an in-plane retardation of <40 nm and has a thickness-direction retardation of <80 nm, and the transparent protective film on the other surface is a retardation plate which contains a norbornene resin and has an in-plane retardation of ≥40 nm and has a thickness-direction retardation of ≥80 nm. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a polarizing plate and a method for producing the same. The polarizing plate can form an image display device such as a liquid crystal display device (LCD), an organic EL display device, a CRT, or a PDP alone or as an optical film in which the polarizing plate is laminated.

  The liquid crystal display device visualizes the polarization state by switching of the liquid crystal, and from the display principle, a polarizing plate is used in which a transparent protective film is bonded to both sides of the polarizer with an adhesive layer. As a polarizer, for example, an iodine-based polarizer having a stretched structure obtained by adsorbing iodine to polyvinyl alcohol has a high transmittance and a high degree of polarization, and is therefore widely used as the most common polarizer. As the transparent protective film, triacetyl cellulose having a high moisture permeability is used.

  An image display device such as a liquid crystal display device to which the polarizing plate is applied is used in various environments. Therefore, it is desired that the polarizing plate has durability such as heat resistance under a high temperature environment and moisture resistance under a high humidity environment. In recent years, it has been desired to satisfy durability particularly in mobile applications such as mobile phones.

  In addition, in the TV, the display quality of images is greatly improved, and the demand for screen uniformity (unevenness) is very strict. For example, a polarizing plate is required to have water resistance that does not change its characteristics and shape even under humidified conditions that cause condensation. However, when a triacetyl cellulose film is used as the transparent protective film, the moisture permeability is high and the photoelastic coefficient is high, so that unevenness is likely to occur. On the other hand, when a polyethylene terephthalate film or norbornene-based film with low moisture permeability is used as the transparent protective film of the polarizing plate, water contained in the polarizer cannot escape and is in a steamed state, and conversely optical characteristics Will lead to deterioration.

  On the other hand, the transparent protective film used for the polarizing plate is bonded to the polarizer with an adhesive, but when creating the polarizing plate, when the polarizer and the transparent protective film are bonded together, there is a nick (knic defect). There are problems that occur. A knick is a local irregularity defect that occurs at the interface between a polarizer and a transparent protective film. For such nicks, there has been proposed a method of laminating a transparent protective film on a surface of a polyvinyl alcohol film adjusted in water content with a calender roll under predetermined conditions as a polarizer. (Patent Document 1). In addition, the nick is particularly likely to occur when a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing an acetoacetyl group is used as the polyvinyl alcohol adhesive.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-166519

  An object of this invention is to provide the polarizing plate which can satisfy durability and the uniformity (nonuniformity) of a display, and its manufacturing method.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical film in which the polarizing plate is laminated, and to provide an image display device such as a liquid crystal display device using the polarizing plate and the optical film.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found the polarizing plate shown below and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention is a polarizing plate in which a transparent protective film is provided on both surfaces of a polyvinyl alcohol polarizer via an adhesive layer,
The single-sided transparent protective film contains a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure, has an in-plane retardation of less than 40 nm, and a thickness direction retardation of less than 80 nm,
The transparent protective film on the other side is a retardation plate containing a norbornene-based resin and having an in-plane retardation of 40 nm or more and / or a thickness direction retardation of 80 nm or more. The present invention relates to a polarizing plate.

  In the polarizing plate, a single-sided transparent protective film, which is a retardation plate, is nx> ny> nz (where the in-plane refractive index has the maximum X-axis direction, the direction perpendicular to the X-axis has the Y-axis thickness, It is preferable to satisfy the following relationship: the vertical direction is the Z axis, and the refractive indexes in the respective axial directions are nx, ny, and nz.

  In the polarizing plate, among the adhesive layers, at least the adhesive layer on the retardation plate side includes a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a crosslinking agent, and a metal compound colloid having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm. And a metal compound colloid can be formed with the adhesive agent for polarizing plates mix | blended in the ratio of 200 weight part or less with respect to 100 weight part of polyvinyl alcohol-type resin.

  The metal compound colloid is preferably at least one selected from alumina colloid, silica colloid, zirconia colloid, titania colloid and tin oxide colloid. Further, the metal compound colloid preferably has a positive charge, and alumina colloid is particularly preferable.

Further, the present invention is a method for producing the polarizing plate, wherein a transparent protective film is provided on both surfaces of a polarizer via an adhesive layer,
A step of applying a polarizing plate adhesive to a surface of the polarizer on which the adhesive layer is formed and / or a surface of the transparent protective film on which the adhesive layer is formed, and a step of bonding the polarizer and the transparent protective film together. The present invention relates to a method for producing a polarizing plate.

  The present invention also relates to an optical film in which at least one polarizing plate is laminated.

  The present invention also relates to an image display device using the polarizing plate or the optical film.

  In this invention, what contains the (meth) acrylic-type resin which has a lactone ring structure is used as a transparent protective film of one side of a polarizing plate. (Meth) acrylic resin with lactone ring structure has low moisture permeability, but with no deterioration of optical properties, heat resistance under high temperature environment, durability such as humidity resistance under high humidity environment, display uniformity The property (unevenness) can be satisfied.

  In the polarizing plate of the present invention, the transparent protective film on the other side also serves as a retardation plate, and can be thinned as an optical film.

  In the present invention, when a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive containing a metal compound colloid having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm is used for forming an adhesive layer for bonding a polarizer and a transparent protective film, Occurrence of the nick is suppressed by the action of the metal compound colloid. Thereby, the yield at the time of producing a polarizing plate can be improved, and the productivity of a polarizing plate improves, As a result, the productivity of a liquid crystal panel improves.

  The metal compound colloid preferably has a positive charge. A metal compound colloid having a positive charge has a greater effect of suppressing the occurrence of nicks than a metal compound colloid having a negative charge. Among these, alumina colloid is suitable as the metal compound colloid having a positive charge.

  As the polarizing plate adhesive for forming the adhesive layer, a polyvinyl alcohol resin can be used, but the present invention is particularly suitable when a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing an acetoacetyl group is used as the polyvinyl alcohol resin. It is. An adhesive using a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetoacetyl group can form an adhesive layer having excellent water resistance. On the other hand, in the adhesive for polarizing plates using a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetoacetyl group, many occurrences of nicks were observed. In the adhesive for polarizing plates of the present invention, the metal compound colloid is blended. Thus, the occurrence of nicks in the polarizing plate adhesive using a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetoacetyl group can be suppressed. Thereby, it has water resistance and can suppress the generation of nicks.

  Hereinafter, the polarizing plate of the present invention will be described. In the polarizing plate of the present invention, a transparent protective film is provided on both surfaces of a polyvinyl alcohol polarizer via an adhesive layer.

  The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a polarizing plate P in which transparent protective films 2 a and 2 b are provided on both surfaces of a polarizer 1 via an adhesive layer 3. The transparent protective film 2a is a retardation plate having a retardation having an in-plane retardation of 40 nm or more and / or a thickness direction retardation of 80 nm or more. The retardation plate contains a norbornene resin. The transparent protective film 2b contains a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure, has an in-plane retardation of less than 40 nm, and a thickness direction retardation of less than 80 nm. The adhesive layer 3 is a resin solution containing at least the transparent protective film 2a side containing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, a crosslinking agent, and a metal compound colloid having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm. The polarizing plate adhesive is preferably formed of 200 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin.

  The polarizer is not particularly limited, and various types can be used. Examples of the polarizer include hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol film, partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol film, and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer partially saponified film, and two colors such as iodine and dichroic dye. And polyene-based oriented films such as those obtained by adsorbing a functional material and uniaxially stretched, polyvinyl alcohol dehydrated products, and polyvinyl chloride dehydrochlorinated products. Among these, a polarizer composed of a polyvinyl alcohol film and a dichroic material such as iodine is preferable. The thickness of these polarizers is not particularly limited, but is generally about 5 to 80 μm.

  A polarizer obtained by dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol film with iodine and uniaxially stretching it can be prepared, for example, by immersing polyvinyl alcohol in an aqueous solution of iodine and stretching it 3 to 7 times the original length. If necessary, it can be immersed in an aqueous solution of boric acid or potassium iodide. Further, if necessary, the polyvinyl alcohol film may be immersed in water and washed before dyeing. In addition to washing the polyvinyl alcohol film surface with dirt and anti-blocking agents by washing the polyvinyl alcohol film with water, it also has the effect of preventing unevenness such as uneven coloring by swelling the polyvinyl alcohol film. is there. Stretching may be performed after dyeing with iodine, may be performed while dyeing, or may be dyed with iodine after stretching. The film can be stretched in an aqueous solution of boric acid or potassium iodide or in a water bath.

  The transparent protective film contains a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure on one side of the polarizer, an in-plane retardation of less than 40 nm, and a thickness direction retardation of less than 80 nm. Use. The in-plane retardation can be as small as 20 nm or less, and further 5 nm or less. Moreover, the thickness direction retardation can be as small as 40 nm or less, and further 10 nm or less.

  In the present invention, the in-plane phase difference Re is represented by Re = (nx−ny) × d. The thickness direction retardation Rth is represented by Rth = (nx−nz) × d. Moreover, the Nz coefficient mentioned later is represented by Nz = (nx-nz) / (nx-ny). [However, the refractive indexes in the slow axis direction, the fast axis direction, and the thickness direction of the film are nx, ny, and nz, respectively, and d (nm) is the thickness of the film. The slow axis direction is the direction that maximizes the refractive index in the film plane. ]

  Examples of the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure include JP 2000-230016, JP 2001-151814, JP 2002-120326, JP 2002-254544, and JP 2005. No. 146084, JP-A-2006-171464, and the like.

  The (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure preferably has a ring structure represented by the following general formula (1).

^Wherein, R 1, ^{R 2} and ^{R 3} each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The organic residue may contain an oxygen atom.

  The content ratio of the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) in the structure of the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure is preferably 5 to 90% by weight, more preferably 10 to 70% by weight, The amount is preferably 10 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 50% by weight. When the content of the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) in the structure of the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure is less than 5% by weight, heat resistance, solvent resistance, and surface hardness are poor. May be sufficient. If the content of the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) in the structure of the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure is more than 90% by weight, molding processability may be poor. The ratio of the lactone ring structure in the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure can be determined by gas chromatography and dynamic TG measurement as described in, for example, JP-A-2006-171464. it can.

  The (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure may have a structure other than the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1). The structure other than the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) is not particularly limited, but a (meth) acrylic acid ester which will be described later as a method for producing a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure. , A polymer structural unit (repeating structural unit) formed by polymerizing at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group-containing monomer, an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and a monomer represented by the following general formula (2): .

In the formula, R ⁴ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an —OAc group, a —CN group, — or a CO—R ⁵ group, and Ac The group represents an acetyl group, and R ⁵ represents a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

  The content ratio of the structure other than the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) in the (meth) acrylic resin structure having a lactone ring structure is a polymer structure formed by polymerizing a (meth) acrylate ester. In the case of a unit (repeating structural unit), it is preferably 10 to 95% by weight, more preferably 10 to 90% by weight, further preferably 40 to 90% by weight, and particularly preferably 50 to 90% by weight. In the case of a polymer structural unit (repeating structural unit) formed by polymerizing a polymer, it is preferably 0 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0 to 20% by weight, still more preferably 0 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 0. -10% by weight. In the case of a polymer structural unit (repeating structural unit) formed by polymerizing an unsaturated carboxylic acid, it is preferably 0 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0 to 20% by weight, still more preferably 0 to 15% by weight, particularly Preferably it is 0 to 10% by weight. In the case of a polymer structural unit (repeating structural unit) formed by polymerizing the monomer represented by the general formula (2), it is preferably 0 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0 to 20% by weight, still more preferably. Is 0 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 0 to 10% by weight.

  The method for producing the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure is not particularly limited. Preferably, an acrylic polymer (a) having a hydroxyl group and an ester group in the molecular chain is obtained by a polymerization step. Thereafter, the obtained acrylic polymer (a) is heat-treated to carry out a lactone cyclization condensation step for introducing a lactone ring structure into the polymer.

  In the polymerization step, an acrylic polymer (a) having a hydroxyl group and an ester group in the molecular chain by carrying out a polymerization reaction of a monomer component containing a monomer represented by the following general formula (3). Get.

In the formula, R ⁶ and R ⁷ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of the monomer represented by the general formula (3) include methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, ethyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, isopropyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, 2- ( Hydroxymethyl) normal butyl acrylate, 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate tertiary butyl and the like. Among these, methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate and 2- (hydroxymethyl) ethyl acrylate are preferable, and methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate is particularly preferable in that the effect of improving heat resistance is high. As for the monomer represented by the general formula (3), only one type may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

  The monomer component used in the polymerization step may contain a monomer other than the monomer represented by the general formula (3). As such a monomer, for example, the (meth) acrylic acid ester, the hydroxyl group-containing monomer, the unsaturated carboxylic acid, and the monomer represented by the general formula (2) are preferably mentioned. Only one type of monomer other than the monomer represented by formula (3) may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

  The (meth) acrylic acid ester is not particularly limited as long as it is a (meth) acrylic acid ester other than the monomer represented by the general formula (1). For example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylic acid n -Acrylic acid esters such as butyl, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid methacrylic acid esters such as t-butyl, cyclohexyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate; and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, methyl methacrylate is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of excellent heat resistance and transparency.

  The hydroxyl group-containing monomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a hydroxyl group-containing monomer other than the monomer represented by the general formula (2). For example, α-hydroxymethyl styrene, α-hydroxyethyl styrene, 2 -2- (hydroxyalkyl) acrylic acid ester such as methyl (hydroxyethyl) acrylate; 2- (hydroxyalkyl) acrylic acid such as 2- (hydroxyethyl) acrylic acid, and the like. Or two or more of them may be used in combination.

  Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, α-substituted acrylic acid, α-substituted methacrylic acid and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. You may do it. Among these, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are preferable in that the effects of the present invention are sufficiently exhibited.

  Examples of the monomer represented by the general formula (2) include styrene, vinyl toluene, α-methyl styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl vinyl ketone, ethylene, propylene, and vinyl acetate. These are used alone. Or two or more of them may be used in combination. Among these, styrene and α-methylstyrene are particularly preferable in that the effects of the present invention are sufficiently exhibited.

  When performing the cyclization condensation reaction, in addition to the acrylic polymer (a), another thermoplastic resin may coexist. Moreover, when performing cyclization condensation reaction, the catalyst of cyclization condensation reaction can be used as needed.

  The (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure has a mass average molecular weight (sometimes referred to as a weight average molecular weight) of preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, still more preferably 10,000 to 500,000, and particularly preferably. Is 50,000 to 500,000. If the mass average molecular weight is out of the above range, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of moldability. The mass average molecular weight was determined in terms of polystyrene using a gel permeation chromatograph (GPC system, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation). Tetrahydrofuran was used as the solvent.

  The (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure has a Tg (glass transition temperature) of preferably 115 ° C. or higher, more preferably 125 ° C. or higher, further preferably 130 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 135 ° C. or higher, most preferably. 140 ° C. or higher. Since Tg is 115 ° C. or higher, for example, the durability is excellent. Although the upper limit of Tg of the (meth) acrylic resin having the lactone ring structure is not particularly limited, it is preferably 170 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of moldability and the like.

  The (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure of the present invention preferably has a higher total light transmittance measured by a method according to ASTM-D-1003, preferably 85% or more, more preferably It is 88% or more, more preferably 90% or more. The total light transmittance is a measure of transparency. If the total light transmittance is less than 85%, the transparency may be lowered.

  In addition, the transparent protective film of this invention can contain another thermoplastic resin other than the (meth) acrylic-type resin which has a lactone ring structure. Other thermoplastic resins are preferably those that are thermodynamically compatible and improve transparency and mechanical strength.

  The content of the thermoplastic resin other than the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure in the transparent protective film of the present invention is 40% by weight or less. When the content ratio of the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure in the transparent protective film is more than 40% by weight, the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently exhibited. When the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure contains another thermoplastic resin, the ratio of the former: the latter is preferably 60 to 99: 1 to 40% by weight, more preferably 70. ~ 97: 3 to 30 wt%, more preferably 80 to 95: 5 to 20 wt%.

  Examples of the other thermoplastic resins include olefin polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, and poly (4-methyl-1-pentene); halogen-containing materials such as vinyl chloride and chlorinated vinyl resins. Acrylic polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate; styrene polymers such as polystyrene, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene block copolymer; polyethylene terephthalate, poly Polyesters such as butylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate; polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 66 and nylon 610; polyacetal; polycarbonate; polyphenylene oxide; polyphenylene sulfide; Chromatography ether ether ketone; polysulfone; polyether sulfone; polyoxyethylene benzylidene alkylene; polyamideimide; polybutadiene rubber, rubber-like polymer such as ABS resin or ASA resin containing an acrylic rubber; and the like.

  The transparent protective film containing the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure according to the present invention can be obtained by melt extrusion of a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure into a film. The resulting film can be stretched to improve film strength.

  A transparent protective film containing a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure does not produce a retardation in an unstretched state. However, when stretched, a retardation is produced. Among the other thermoplastic resins, A compound that functions as a phase difference reducing agent can be blended to prevent the phase difference from occurring. Examples of the phase difference reducing agent include a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. The retardation value can be controlled by the draw ratio and the blending amount of the retardation reducing agent.

Further, the transparent protective film containing the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure of the present invention can satisfy a moisture permeability of 300 g / m ² or less, and is preferable in terms of durability. The moisture permeability is further preferably 250 g / m ² or less, and more preferably 200 g / m ² or less.

  In the polarizing plate of the present invention, a norbornene-based resin is contained as the transparent protective film on the other side of the polarizer, and the in-plane retardation is 40 nm or more and / or the thickness direction retardation is 80 nm or more. A phase difference plate having a phase difference of is used. The in-plane retardation is usually controlled in the range of 40 to 300 nm, and the thickness direction retardation is usually controlled in the range of 80 to 320 nm.

  The norbornene-based resin refers to a polymer obtained by using a norbornene-based monomer having a norbornene ring as a part or all of a starting material (monomer). In addition, although the said norbornene-type resin has a norbornene ring (thing which has a double bond in a norbornane ring) as a starting material (monomer), in the state of a (co) polymer, a norbornane ring is used as a structural unit. It may or may not have. Examples of the norbornene-based resin having no norbornane ring in the above structural unit include those that become a five-membered ring by cleavage, typically norbornene, dicyclopentadiene, 5-phenylnorbornene, and derivatives thereof. Is mentioned. When the norbornene-based resin is a copolymer, the arrangement state of the molecules is not particularly limited, and may be a random copolymer, a block copolymer, or a graft copolymer. It may be.

  Examples of the norbornene-based resin include, for example, ring-opening (co) polymers of norbornene-based monomers, polymer modified products such as maleic acid addition and cyclopentadiene addition thereof, and resins obtained by hydrogenating these; norbornene-based monomers And resins obtained by addition polymerization. In addition, the ring-opening (co) polymer of the norbornene-based monomer includes a ring-opening copolymer of one or more norbornene-based monomers and α-olefins, cycloalkenes, and / or non-conjugated dienes. Includes hydrogenated resins. The resin obtained by addition (co) polymerization of the norbornene monomer is subjected to addition copolymerization of one or more norbornene monomers with α-olefins, cycloalkenes, and / or non-conjugated dienes. Resin.

  The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the norbornene-based resin is preferably a value measured by a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method using a toluene solvent, preferably 20,000 to 400,000, more preferably 30,000 to 300. , 000, particularly preferably in the range of 40,000 to 200,000, most preferably in the range of 40,000 to 80,000. When the weight average molecular weight is in the above range, a material having excellent mechanical strength, good solubility, moldability, and casting operability can be obtained.

  The retardation plate containing a norbornene resin may contain two or more types of the norbornene resin, and may contain the norbornene resin and another thermoplastic resin. The other thermoplastic resin is preferably a styrene resin. The content of the other thermoplastic resin is preferably 50 parts by weight or less, preferably 40 parts by weight or less, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total solid content of the retardation plate. A retardation plate containing a norbornene resin has a small absolute value of the photoelastic coefficient, exhibits good wavelength dispersion characteristics, and has excellent durability, mechanical strength, and transparency.

  The retardation plate containing the norbornene resin includes nx = ny> nz, nx> ny> nz, nx> ny = nz, nx> nz> ny, nz = nx> ny, nz> nx> ny, nz> nx. = Ny satisfying the relationship is selected and used depending on various applications. Control of these retardations can be obtained by uniaxially or biaxially stretching a polymer film containing a norbornene resin in the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction. Alternatively, it can be obtained by a method in which a shrinkable film is bonded to one or both sides of a polymer film to form a laminate, and the laminate is produced by heating and stretching.

  For example, for a retardation plate that satisfies nx> ny> nz, an in-plane retardation of 40 to 100 nm, a thickness direction retardation of 100 to 320 nm, and an Nz coefficient of 1.8 to 4.5 are used. Is preferred. For example, in a retardation plate (positive A plate) that satisfies nx> ny = nz, it is preferable to use a retardation plate that satisfies an in-plane retardation of 100 to 200 nm. For example, for a retardation plate (negative A plate) that satisfies nz = nx> ny, it is preferable to use a retardation plate that satisfies an in-plane retardation of 100 to 200 nm. For example, for a retardation plate that satisfies nx> nz> ny, it is preferable to use a retardation plate that satisfies an in-plane retardation of 150 to 300 nm and an Nz coefficient exceeding 0 to 0.7. As described above, for example, a material satisfying nx = ny> nz, nz> nx> ny, or nz> nx = ny can be used.

  Among the retardation plates used as the transparent protective film, in the present invention, those satisfying the relationship of the refractive index of nx> ny> nz are preferable. According to such a retardation plate, the viewing angle characteristic in the perspective direction is obtained. Can improve. It is particularly suitable when applied to an IPS mode or VA mode liquid crystal display device.

  The retardation plate may have an appropriate retardation according to the purpose of use, such as for the purpose of compensating for various wavelength plates or birefringence of a liquid crystal layer, compensation for viewing angle, and the like. What laminated | stacked the phase difference plate more than a seed | species, and controlled optical characteristics, such as phase difference, etc. may be used.

  The thickness of the transparent protective film of the present invention (both in the case of a retardation plate and a normal transparent protective film) can be determined as appropriate, but in general, workability such as strength and handleability, thin layer properties, etc. It is about 1-500 micrometers from a point. 1-300 micrometers is especially preferable, and 5-200 micrometers is more preferable. Knicks are more likely to occur as the transparent protective film becomes thinner. Therefore, the transparent protective film is particularly suitable when the thickness is 5 to 100 μm.

  In addition, 1 or more types of arbitrary appropriate additives may be contained in the transparent protective film used by this invention. Examples of other additives include hindered phenol-based, phosphorus-based and sulfur-based antioxidants; light-resistant stabilizers, weather-resistant stabilizers, heat-stabilizers, and other stabilizers; reinforcing materials such as glass fibers and carbon fibers. UV absorbers such as phenyl salicylate, (2,2′-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2-hydroxybenzophenone; near infrared absorbers; tris (dibromopropyl) phosphate, triallyl phosphate, antimony oxide Flame retardants such as: antistatic agents such as anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants; colorants such as inorganic pigments, organic pigments and dyes; organic fillers and inorganic fillers; resin modifiers; Inorganic fillers; plasticizers; lubricants; antistatic agents; flame retardants;

  The content of the additive in the transparent protective film of the present invention is preferably 0 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0 to 2% by weight, and still more preferably 0 to 0.5% by weight.

  The surface of the transparent protective film to which the polarizer is not adhered may be subjected to a hard coat layer, an antireflection treatment, an antisticking treatment, or a treatment for diffusion or antiglare.

  The hard coat treatment is applied for the purpose of preventing scratches on the surface of the polarizing plate. For example, a transparent protective film with a cured film excellent in hardness, sliding properties, etc. by an appropriate ultraviolet curable resin such as acrylic or silicone is used. It can be formed by a method of adding to the surface of the film. The antireflection treatment is performed for the purpose of preventing reflection of external light on the surface of the polarizing plate, and can be achieved by forming an antireflection film or the like according to the conventional art. Further, the anti-sticking treatment is performed for the purpose of preventing adhesion with an adjacent layer.

  The anti-glare treatment is applied for the purpose of preventing the outside light from being reflected on the surface of the polarizing plate and obstructing the visibility of the light transmitted through the polarizing plate. For example, the surface is roughened by a sandblasting method or an embossing method. It can be formed by imparting a fine concavo-convex structure to the surface of the transparent protective film by an appropriate method such as a blending method of transparent fine particles. The fine particles to be included in the formation of the surface fine concavo-convex structure are, for example, conductive materials made of silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, indium oxide, cadmium oxide, antimony oxide or the like having an average particle size of 0.5 to 50 μm. In some cases, transparent fine particles such as inorganic fine particles, organic fine particles composed of a crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymer, and the like are used. When forming a surface fine uneven structure, the amount of fine particles used is generally about 2 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 25 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the transparent resin forming the surface fine uneven structure. The antiglare layer may also serve as a diffusion layer (viewing angle expanding function or the like) for diffusing the light transmitted through the polarizing plate to expand the viewing angle.

  The antireflection layer, antisticking layer, diffusion layer, antiglare layer, and the like can be provided on the transparent protective film itself, or can be provided separately from the transparent protective film as an optical layer.

  The adhesive layer used for laminating the polarizer and the transparent protective film is not particularly limited as long as it is optically transparent, and water-based, solvent-based, hot-melt-based, and radical-curing types are used. A water-based adhesive or a radical curable adhesive is suitable.

  Although it does not specifically limit as a water-system adhesive agent which forms an adhesive bond layer, For example, a vinyl polymer type | system | group, a gelatin type, a vinyl type latex type, a polyurethane type, an isocyanate type, a polyester type, an epoxy type etc. can be illustrated. Such an adhesive layer composed of an aqueous adhesive can be formed as an aqueous solution coating / drying layer, etc., but when preparing the aqueous solution, a catalyst such as a crosslinking agent, other additives, and an acid can be used as necessary. Can be blended. As the water-based adhesive, an adhesive containing a vinyl polymer is preferably used, and the vinyl polymer is preferably a polyvinyl alcohol resin. The polyvinyl alcohol-based resin can contain a water-soluble crosslinking agent such as boric acid, borax, glutaraldehyde, melamine, or oxalic acid. In particular, when a polyvinyl alcohol polymer film is used as the polarizer, it is preferable from the viewpoint of adhesiveness to use an adhesive containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin. Furthermore, an adhesive containing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin having an acetoacetyl group is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving durability.

  Polyvinyl alcohol resin is polyvinyl alcohol obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate; a derivative thereof; a saponified product of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and a monomer having copolymerizability; Examples thereof include modified polyvinyl alcohols that have been converted into ethers, ethers, grafts, or phosphoric esters. Examples of the monomer include unsaturated carboxylic acids such as (anhydrous) maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, (meth) acrylic acid, and esters thereof; α-olefins such as ethylene and propylene, (meth) Examples include allyl sulfonic acid (soda), sulfonic acid soda (monoalkyl malate), disulfonic acid soda alkyl maleate, N-methylol acrylamide, acrylamide alkyl sulfonic acid alkali salt, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl pyrrolidone derivatives and the like. . These polyvinyl alcohol resins can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

  The polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of adhesiveness, the average degree of polymerization is about 100 to 5000, preferably 1000 to 4000, the average saponification degree is about 85 to 100 mol%, preferably 90 to 100 mol%. It is.

  A polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetoacetyl group is obtained by reacting a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin with diketene by a known method. For example, a method in which a polyvinyl alcohol resin is dispersed in a solvent such as acetic acid and diketene is added thereto, and a polyvinyl alcohol resin is previously dissolved in a solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxane, and diketene is added thereto. And the like. Another example is a method in which diketene gas or liquid diketene is brought into direct contact with polyvinyl alcohol.

  The degree of acetoacetyl group modification of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetoacetyl group is not particularly limited as long as it is 0.1 mol% or more. If it is less than 0.1 mol%, the water resistance of the adhesive layer is insufficient and unsuitable. The degree of acetoacetyl group modification is preferably about 0.1 to 40 mol%, more preferably 1 to 20 mol%, and particularly preferably 2 to 7 mol%. When the acetoacetyl group modification degree exceeds 40 mol%, the effect of improving water resistance is small. The degree of acetoacetyl modification is a value measured by NMR.

  As a crosslinking agent, what is used for the polyvinyl alcohol-type adhesive agent can be especially used without a restriction | limiting. A compound having at least two functional groups having reactivity with the polyvinyl alcohol resin can be used. For example, alkylene diamines having two alkylene groups and two amino groups such as ethylenediamine, triethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine; tolylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated tolylene diisocyanate, trimethylolpropane tolylene diisocyanate adduct, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, methylene bis (Isocyanates such as 4-phenylmethane triisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and their ketoxime block product or phenol block product; ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerin di or triglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexane Diol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, jig Epoxys such as sidylaniline and diglycidylamine; monoaldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde; Aldehydes: amino-formaldehyde resins such as methylol urea, methylol melamine, alkylated methylol urea, alkylated methylolated melamine, acetoguanamine, condensate of benzoguanamine and formaldehyde; further sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, iron And salts of divalent metals such as nickel or trivalent metals and oxides thereof, among which amino-formaldehyde resins and dia Dehydrates are preferred, amino-formaldehyde resins are preferably compounds having a methylol group, and dialdehydes are preferably glyoxal, particularly methylol melamine, which is a compound having a methylol group. As the crosslinking agent, a coupling agent such as a silane coupling agent or a titanium coupling agent can be used.

  The amount of the crosslinking agent can be appropriately designed according to the type of polyvinyl alcohol resin, etc., but is usually about 4 to 60 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 55 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin. Degree, more preferably 20 to 50 parts by weight. In such a range, good adhesiveness can be obtained.

  In order to improve the durability, a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing an acetoacetyl group is used. Also in this case, the crosslinking agent is used in the range of about 4 to 60 parts by weight, preferably about 10 to 55 parts by weight, and more preferably 20 to 50 parts by weight, as described above, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin. Is preferred. When the amount of the crosslinking agent is too large, the reaction of the crosslinking agent proceeds in a short time and the adhesive tends to gel. As a result, the pot life as an adhesive is extremely shortened, making industrial use difficult. From this point of view, the blending amount of the crosslinking agent is used in the above blending amount. However, since the resin solution of the present invention contains the metal compound colloid, the blending amount of the crosslinking agent is large as described above. Even if it exists, it can be used with good stability.

  As the polarizing plate adhesive of the present invention, a resin solution containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a crosslinking agent, and a metal compound colloid having an average particle size of 1 to 100 nm is preferably used. The resin solution is usually used as an aqueous solution. The concentration of the resin solution is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight in consideration of coating properties and storage stability.

  The metal compound colloid is one in which fine particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium, and is electrostatically stabilized due to mutual repulsion of the same kind of charge of the fine particles, and has permanent stability. The average particle diameter of the metal compound colloid (fine particles) is 1 to 100 nm. When the average particle diameter of the colloid is within the above range, the metal compound can be dispersed substantially uniformly in the adhesive layer, the adhesiveness can be ensured, and the nick can be suppressed. The range of the average particle diameter is considerably smaller than the wavelength range of visible light, and even if the transmitted light is scattered by the metal compound in the formed adhesive layer, the polarization characteristics are not adversely affected. The average particle size of the metal compound colloid is preferably 1 to 100 nm, more preferably 1 to 50 nm.

  Various types of metal compound colloids can be used. For example, colloids of metal compounds such as alumina, silica, zirconia, titania, tin oxide, aluminum silicate, calcium carbonate, and magnesium silicate; colloids of metal salts such as zinc carbonate, barium carbonate, and calcium phosphate And colloids of minerals such as celite, talc, clay and kaolin.

  The metal compound colloid is dispersed in a dispersion medium and exists in a state of a colloid solution. The dispersion medium is mainly water. In addition to water, other dispersion media such as alcohols can also be used. The solid content concentration of the metal compound colloid in the colloid solution is not particularly limited, but is generally about 1 to 50% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 30% by weight. In addition, as the metal compound colloid, those containing an acid such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid as a stabilizer can be used.

  Metal compound colloids are electrostatically stabilized and can be classified into those having a positive charge and those having a negative charge. Metal compound colloids are non-conductive materials. Positive charge and negative charge are distinguished by the charge state of the colloidal surface charge in the solution after the adhesive preparation. The charge of the metal compound colloid can be confirmed, for example, by measuring the zeta potential with a zeta potential measuring machine. The surface charge of a metal compound colloid generally varies with pH. Therefore, the charge in the state of the colloidal solution of the present application is affected by the pH of the adjusted adhesive solution. The pH of the adhesive solution is usually set in the range of 2 to 6, preferably 2.5 to 5, more preferably 3 to 5, and further 3.5 to 4.5. In the present invention, a metal compound colloid having a positive charge has a greater effect of suppressing the occurrence of nicks than a metal compound colloid having a negative charge. Examples of the positively charged metal compound colloid include alumina colloid, zirconia colloid, titania colloid, and tin oxide colloid. Among these, alumina colloid is particularly preferable.

  A metal compound colloid is mix | blended in the ratio (converted value of solid content) of 200 weight part or less with respect to 100 weight part of polyvinyl alcohol-type resin. Moreover, by setting the blending ratio of the metal compound colloid within the above range, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of nicks while ensuring the adhesion between the polarizer and the transparent protective film. The compounding ratio of the metal compound colloid is preferably 10 to 200 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 175 parts by weight, and further preferably 30 to 150 parts by weight. When the compounding ratio of the metal compound colloid exceeds 200 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin, the ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol resin in the adhesive is reduced, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of adhesiveness. The mixing ratio of the metal compound colloid is not particularly limited, but is preferably set to the lower limit of the above range in order to effectively suppress nicks.

  Although the viscosity of the resin solution which is an adhesive for polarizing plates is not particularly limited, those having a range of 1 to 50 mPa · s are used. The nick generated in the production of the polarizing plate tends to increase as the viscosity of the resin solution decreases. However, according to the polarizing plate adhesive of the present invention, a range of 1 to 20 mPa · s can be obtained. Even in the low viscosity range, the occurrence of nicks can be suppressed, and the occurrence of nicks can be suppressed regardless of the viscosity of the resin solution. A polyvinyl alcohol resin containing an acetoacetyl group cannot be increased in polymerization degree compared to a general polyvinyl alcohol resin and has been used at a low viscosity as described above. Even when a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetyl group is used, the occurrence of nicks caused by the low viscosity of the resin solution can be suppressed.

  The method for preparing the resin solution that is the polarizing plate adhesive is not particularly limited. In general, a resin solution is prepared by mixing a polyvinyl alcohol resin and a crosslinking agent and blending a metal compound colloid with a mixture having an appropriate concentration. In addition, when a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing an acetoacetyl group is used as the polyvinyl alcohol resin or when the amount of the crosslinking agent is large, the polyvinyl alcohol resin and the metal are considered in consideration of the stability of the solution. After mixing the compound colloid, the cross-linking agent can be mixed in consideration of the use time of the resulting resin solution. In addition, the density | concentration of the resin solution which is an adhesive agent for polarizing plates can also be adjusted suitably after preparing a resin solution.

  Examples of the radical curable adhesive include various active energy ray curable types such as an electron beam curable type and an ultraviolet ray curable type, and a thermosetting type. preferable. In particular, an electron beam curable type is preferable. An electron beam curable adhesive can be used. By using an electron beam for the adhesive curing method used for laminating the polarizer and the transparent protective film (that is, dry lamination), a heating step such as an ultraviolet curing method is unnecessary, and the productivity is extremely high. can do.

  Examples of the curable component include a compound having a (meth) acryloyl group and a compound having a vinyl group. These curable components may be monofunctional or bifunctional or higher. Moreover, these curable components can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. As these curable components, for example, compounds having a (meth) acryloyl group are suitable. For example, various epoxy (meth) acrylates, urethane (meth) acrylates, polyester (meth) acrylates, and various (meth) acrylates. Examples thereof include acrylate monomers.

  In addition, a compound having a (meth) acryloyl group, particularly a monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group, a nitrogen-containing (meth) acrylate, or a carboxyl group-containing (meth) acrylate is used as the curable component. The curable component is suitable as an electron beam curable adhesive, and a polarizing plate having good adhesion to a polarizer and a transparent protective film can be obtained by using the adhesive. For example, even when a polarizer with a low moisture content is used, and when a material with low moisture permeability is used as the transparent protective film, the adhesive of the present invention exhibits good adhesion to them. As a result, a polarizing plate with good dimensional stability can be obtained.

  When the curable component is used, a polarizing plate having a small dimensional change can be produced, so that it is possible to easily cope with an increase in the size of the polarizing plate, and it is possible to suppress the production cost from the viewpoint of yield and number. Further, since the polarizing plate obtained in the present invention has good dimensional stability, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of unevenness in the image display device due to the external heat of the backlight.

  As the monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group, various monofunctional (meth) acrylates having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group can be used. The hydroxy group may exist as a substituent of the aromatic ring, but in the present invention, it exists as an organic group (bonded to a hydrocarbon group, particularly an alkylene group) that bonds the aromatic ring and the (meth) acrylate. Those that do are preferred.

  Examples of the monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group include a reaction product of a monofunctional epoxy compound having an aromatic ring and (meth) acrylic acid. Examples of the monofunctional epoxy compound having an aromatic ring include phenyl glycidyl ether, t-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, and phenyl polyethylene glycol glycidyl ether. Specific examples of the monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group include, for example, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-t-butylphenoxypropyl (meth) Examples thereof include acrylate and 2-hydroxy-3-phenyl polyethylene glycol propyl (meth) acrylate.

  Examples of the nitrogen-containing monomer include a heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic having a heterocyclic ring such as a morpholine ring such as N-acryloylmorpholine, N-acryloylpiperidine, N-methacryloylpiperidine, and N-acryloylpyrrolidine, a piperidine ring, a pyrrolidine ring, and a piperazine ring. Monomer. Examples of the nitrogen-containing monomer include maleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide; (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diethyl (meth) acrylamide, N -Hexyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N-methylolpropane (meth) acrylamide, N- (N-substituted) amide monomers such as isopropylacrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol-N-propane (meth) acrylamide; aminoethyl (meth) acrylate, ( T) (Meth) acrylic acid such as aminopropyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, t-butylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, 3- (3-pyridyl) propyl (meth) acrylate Alkylaminoalkyl monomers; succinimide monomers such as N- (meth) acryloyloxymethylenesuccinimide, N- (meth) acryloyl-6-oxyhexamethylenesuccinimide, N- (meth) acryloyl-8-oxyoctamethylenesuccinimide, etc. It is done. For example, the nitrogen-containing monomer is preferably a heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic monomer, and particularly preferably N-acryloylmorpholine.

  Examples of the carboxyl group monomer include (meth) acrylic acid, carboxyethyl (meth) acrylate, carboxypentyl (meth) acrylate, and the like. Of these, acrylic acid is preferred.

  In addition to the above, compounds having a (meth) acryloyl group include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, and isononyl. Alkyl (meth) acrylates having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as (meth) acrylate and lauryl (meth) acrylate; (meth) acrylic acid alkoxyalkyl systems such as (meth) acrylic acid methoxyethyl and (meth) acrylic acid ethoxyethyl Monomer: 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate, 8-hydroxy (meth) acrylate Octyl, (meth) acrylic acid 10-H Hydroxyl-containing monomers such as loxydecyl, 12-hydroxylauryl (meth) acrylate and (4-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl) -methyl acrylate; acid anhydride group-containing monomers such as maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride; caprolactone addition of acrylic acid Products; sulfones such as styrene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2- (meth) acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, (meth) acrylamide propane sulfonic acid, sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acryloyloxynaphthalene sulfonic acid Acid group-containing monomers; phosphoric acid group-containing monomers such as 2-hydroxyethylacryloyl phosphate.

  As the curable component, a monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group, a nitrogen-containing monomer, and a carboxyl group monomer are preferably used. It is preferable to contain these components as curable components in an amount of 50% by weight or more in order to obtain a polarizing plate having an adhesive layer having good adhesion to the polarizer and the transparent protective film. Furthermore, it is preferable also from points, such as coating property and workability. The ratio of the curable component is preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, and further preferably 80% by weight or more.

  As the curable component, a bifunctional or higher curable component can be used. The bifunctional or higher curable component is preferably a bifunctional or higher (meth) acrylate, particularly a bifunctional or higher epoxy (meth) acrylate. The bifunctional or higher functional epoxy (meth) acrylate is obtained by reacting a polyfunctional epoxy compound with (meth) acrylic acid. Various examples of the polyfunctional epoxy compound can be exemplified. Examples of the polyfunctional epoxy compound include aromatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, and aliphatic epoxy resins.

  Examples of the aromatic epoxy resin include bisphenol type epoxy resins such as diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol S; phenol novolac epoxy resin, cresol novolac epoxy resin, hydroxybenzaldehyde Examples thereof include novolak-type epoxy resins such as phenol novolac epoxy resins; glycidyl ethers of tetrahydroxyphenylmethane, glycidyl ethers of tetrahydroxybenzophenone, and polyfunctional epoxy resins such as epoxidized polyvinylphenol.

  Examples of the alicyclic epoxy resins include hydrogenated products of the above-mentioned aromatic epoxy resins, cyclohexane-based, cyclohexylmethyl ester-based, cicyclohexylmethyl ether-based, spiro-based, and tricyclodecane-based epoxy resins.

  Examples of the aliphatic epoxy resin include polyglycidyl ethers of aliphatic polyhydric alcohols or alkylene oxide adducts thereof. Examples include 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerin triglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene Polyethers of polyether polyols obtained by adding one or more alkylene oxides (ethylene oxide or propylene oxide) to aliphatic polyhydric alcohols such as glycol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin Examples thereof include glycidyl ether.

  The epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin is usually in the range of 30 to 3000 g / equivalent, preferably 50 to 1500 g / equivalent.

  The bifunctional or higher epoxy (meth) acrylate is preferably an epoxy (meth) acrylate of an aliphatic epoxy resin, particularly preferably an epoxy (meth) acrylate of a bifunctional aliphatic epoxy resin.

  Among the curable components, a compound having a (meth) acryloyl group, particularly a monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group, a nitrogen-containing (meth) acrylate, and a carboxyl group-containing (meth) acrylate, It is suitable as an electron beam curable adhesive, and by using the adhesive, a polarizing plate having good adhesion to a polarizer and a transparent protective film can be obtained. For example, even when a polarizer with a low moisture content is used, and when a material with low moisture permeability is used as the transparent protective film, the adhesive of the present invention exhibits good adhesion to them. As a result, a polarizing plate with good dimensional stability can be obtained.

  The curable adhesive contains a curable component, and in addition to the above components, a radical initiator is added depending on the type of curing. When the adhesive is used as an electron beam curable type, it is not particularly necessary that the adhesive contains a radical initiator, but when used as an ultraviolet curable type or a thermosetting type, a radical initiator is used. Used. The usage-amount of a radical initiator is about 0.1-10 weight part normally per 100 weight part of sclerosing | hardenable components, Preferably, it is 0.5-3 weight part.

  The adhesive may contain a metal compound filler. With the metal compound filler, the fluidity of the adhesive layer can be controlled, the film thickness can be stabilized, and a polarizing plate having a good appearance, uniform in-plane and no adhesive variation can be obtained.

  Various types of metal compound fillers can be used. Examples of the metal compound include metal oxides such as alumina, silica, zirconia, titania, aluminum silicate, calcium carbonate and magnesium silicate; metal salts such as zinc carbonate, barium carbonate and calcium phosphate; celite, talc, clay and kaolin And the like. Further, these metal compound fillers may be those having a surface modified.

  The average particle diameter of the metal compound filler is usually about 1 to 1000 nm, more preferably 10 to 200 nm, and further preferably 10 to 100 nm. If the average particle diameter of the metal compound filler is within the above range, the metal compound can be dispersed substantially uniformly in the adhesive layer, ensuring adhesion, and having a good appearance and in-plane uniform adhesion. You can get sex.

  It is preferable to mix | blend the compounding quantity of a metal compound filler in the ratio of 200 weight part or less with respect to 100 weight part of sclerosing | hardenable components. In addition, by setting the blending ratio of the metal compound filler in the above range, in-plane uniform adhesiveness can be obtained with a good appearance while ensuring the adhesiveness between the polarizer and the transparent protective film. The blending ratio of the metal compound filler is preferably 1 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 50 parts by weight, and further preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight. When the compounding ratio of the metal compound filler exceeds 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the curable component, the ratio of the curable component in the adhesive is reduced, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of adhesiveness. The mixing ratio of the metal compound filler is not particularly limited, but is preferably set to the lower limit of the above range in order to obtain in-plane uniform adhesiveness while ensuring adhesiveness and good appearance. .

  In addition, the adhesive for polarizing plate includes various tackifiers, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, plasticizers, leveling agents, foaming inhibitors, antistatic cracks, hydrolysis stabilizers, and other stabilizers. A stabilizer such as can also be blended. Further, the metal compound colloid and the metal compound filler in the present application are non-conductive materials, but may contain fine particles of a conductive substance. In addition, examples of additives include sensitizers that increase the curing speed and sensitivity by electron beams typified by carbonyl compounds, coupling agents such as silane coupling agents and titanium coupling agents, and adhesives typified by ethylene oxide. Accelerators, additives that improve wettability with the transparent protective film, acryloxy group compounds, hydrocarbons (natural and synthetic resins), and the like.

  The polarizing plate can be obtained by laminating a transparent protective film on both sides of a polarizer via an adhesive layer. Between the adhesive layer and the transparent protective film or the polarizer, an undercoat layer or an easy adhesion treatment is obtained. A layer or the like may be provided. Examples of the easy adhesion treatment include dry treatment such as plasma treatment and corona treatment, chemical treatment such as alkali treatment (saponification treatment), and coating treatment for forming an easy adhesive layer. Among these, a coating treatment or an alkali treatment for forming an easy-adhesive layer is preferable. For the formation of the easy-adhesive layer, various easy-adhesive materials such as polyol resin, polycarboxylic acid resin, and polyester resin can be used. The thickness of the easy-adhesive layer is usually about 0.001 to 10 μm, more preferably about 0.001 to 5 μm, and particularly preferably about 0.001 to 1 μm.

  When the adhesive layer is formed of a water-based adhesive or the like, the thickness of the adhesive layer is about 10 to 300 nm. The thickness of the adhesive layer is more preferably 10 to 200 nm, and still more preferably 20 to 150 nm, from the viewpoint of obtaining a uniform in-plane thickness and obtaining a sufficient adhesive force. Further, as described above, the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably designed to be larger than the average particle diameter of the metal compound colloid contained in the polarizing plate adhesive.

  The method of adjusting the thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of adjusting the solid content concentration of the adhesive solution and an adhesive application device. The method for measuring the thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but cross-sectional observation measurement using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) or TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) is preferably used. The application operation of the adhesive is not particularly limited, and various means such as a roll method, a spray method, and an immersion method can be employed.

  After applying the water-based adhesive, the polarizer and the transparent protective film are bonded together with a roll laminator or the like. Application | coating of the said adhesive agent may be performed to any of a transparent protective film and a polarizer, and may be performed to both. After the bonding, a drying process is performed to form an adhesive layer composed of a coating dry layer. A drying temperature is about 5-150 degreeC, Preferably it is 30-120 degreeC, is 120 second or more, Furthermore, it is 300 second or more.

  On the other hand, when the adhesive layer is formed of a curable adhesive (electron beam curable adhesive), the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably 0.1 to 20 μm, more preferably 0.2 to It is 10 μm, more preferably 0.3 to 8 μm. When the thickness is small, the cohesive force of the adhesive force itself cannot be obtained, and the adhesive strength may not be obtained. When the thickness of the adhesive layer exceeds 20 μm, the cost increases and the effect of curing shrinkage of the adhesive itself appears, which may adversely affect the optical properties of the polarizing plate.

  After laminating the polarizer and the transparent protective film, the adhesive is cured by irradiation with an electron beam or the like. The irradiation direction of the electron beam can be irradiated from any appropriate direction. Preferably, it irradiates from the transparent protective film side. When irradiated from the polarizer side, the polarizer may be deteriorated by the electron beam.

  Any appropriate condition can be adopted as the electron beam irradiation condition as long as the adhesive can be cured. For example, in the electron beam irradiation, the acceleration voltage is preferably 5 kV to 300 kV, and more preferably 10 kV to 250 kV. If the acceleration voltage is less than 5 kV, the electron beam may not reach the adhesive and may be insufficiently cured. If the acceleration voltage exceeds 300 kV, the penetration force through the sample is too strong and the electron beam rebounds, There is a risk of damaging the polarizer. The irradiation dose is 5 to 100 kGy, more preferably 10 to 75 kGy. When the irradiation dose is less than 5 kGy, the adhesive becomes insufficiently cured, and when it exceeds 100 kGy, the transparent protective film and the polarizer are damaged, resulting in a decrease in mechanical strength and yellowing, thereby obtaining predetermined optical characteristics. I can't.

  Electron beam irradiation is usually performed in an inert gas, but if necessary, it may be performed in the atmosphere or under a condition in which a small amount of oxygen is introduced. Depending on the material of the transparent protective film, by appropriately introducing oxygen, the transparent protective film surface where the electron beam first hits can be obstructed to prevent oxygen damage and prevent damage to the transparent protective film. An electron beam can be irradiated efficiently.

  When performing the said manufacturing method by a continuous line, although it depends on the hardening time of an adhesive agent, Preferably it is 1-500 m / min, More preferably, it is 5-300 m / min, More preferably, it is 10-100 m / min. When the line speed is too low, productivity is poor, or damage to the transparent protective film is too great, and a polarizing plate that can withstand a durability test or the like cannot be produced. When the line speed is too high, the adhesive is not sufficiently cured, and the target adhesiveness may not be obtained.

  The polarizing plate of the present invention can be used as an optical film laminated with another optical layer in practical use. The optical layer is not particularly limited. For example, for forming a liquid crystal display device such as a reflection plate, a semi-transmission plate, a retardation plate (including wavelength plates such as 1/2 and 1/4), and a viewing angle compensation film. One or more optical layers that may be used can be used. In particular, a reflective polarizing plate or a semi-transmissive polarizing plate in which a polarizing plate or a semi-transmissive reflecting plate is further laminated on the polarizing plate of the present invention, an elliptical polarizing plate or a circularly polarizing plate in which a retardation plate is further laminated on the polarizing plate. A wide viewing angle polarizing plate obtained by further laminating a viewing angle compensation film on a plate or a polarizing plate, or a polarizing plate obtained by further laminating a brightness enhancement film on the polarizing plate is preferable.

  A reflective polarizing plate is a polarizing plate provided with a reflective layer, and is used to form a liquid crystal display device or the like that reflects incident light from the viewing side (display side). Such a light source can be omitted, and the liquid crystal display device can be easily thinned. The reflective polarizing plate can be formed by an appropriate method such as a method in which a reflective layer made of metal or the like is attached to one surface of the polarizing plate via a transparent protective layer or the like as necessary.

  Specific examples of the reflective polarizing plate include those in which a reflective layer is formed by attaching a foil or a vapor deposition film made of a reflective metal such as aluminum on one side of a transparent protective film matted as necessary. Moreover, the transparent protective film contains fine particles so as to have a surface fine concavo-convex structure and a reflective layer having a fine concavo-convex structure thereon. The reflective layer having the fine concavo-convex structure has an advantage that incident light is diffused by irregular reflection to prevent directivity and glaring appearance and to suppress unevenness in brightness and darkness. The transparent protective film containing fine particles also has an advantage that incident light and its reflected light are diffused when passing through it, and light and dark unevenness can be further suppressed. The reflective layer of the fine concavo-convex structure reflecting the surface fine concavo-convex structure of the transparent protective film is formed by transparent the metal by an appropriate method such as a vapor deposition method such as a vacuum vapor deposition method, an ion plating method, a sputtering method, or a plating method. It can be performed by a method of directly attaching to the surface of the protective layer.

  Instead of the method of directly applying the reflecting plate to the transparent protective film of the polarizing plate, the reflecting plate can be used as a reflecting sheet provided with a reflecting layer on an appropriate film according to the transparent film. Since the reflective layer is usually made of metal, the usage form in which the reflective surface is covered with a transparent protective film, a polarizing plate or the like is used to prevent the reflectance from being lowered due to oxidation, and thus to maintain the initial reflectance for a long time. In addition, it is more preferable to avoid a separate attachment of the protective layer.

  The semi-transmissive polarizing plate can be obtained by using a semi-transmissive reflective layer such as a half mirror that reflects and transmits light with the reflective layer. A transflective polarizing plate is usually provided on the back side of a liquid crystal cell, and displays an image by reflecting incident light from the viewing side (display side) when a liquid crystal display device is used in a relatively bright atmosphere. In a relatively dark atmosphere, a liquid crystal display device or the like that displays an image using a built-in light source such as a backlight built in the back side of the transflective polarizing plate can be formed. In other words, the transflective polarizing plate is useful for forming a liquid crystal display device of a type that can save energy of using a light source such as a backlight in a bright atmosphere and can be used with a built-in light source even in a relatively dark atmosphere. It is.

  An elliptically polarizing plate or a circularly polarizing plate in which a retardation plate is further laminated on a polarizing plate will be described. A phase difference plate or the like is used when changing linearly polarized light to elliptically polarized light or circularly polarized light, changing elliptically polarized light or circularly polarized light to linearly polarized light, or changing the polarization direction of linearly polarized light. In particular, a so-called quarter-wave plate (also referred to as a λ / 4 plate) is used as a retardation plate that changes linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light or changes circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. A half-wave plate (also referred to as a λ / 2 plate) is usually used when changing the polarization direction of linearly polarized light.

  The elliptically polarizing plate is effectively used for black and white display without the above color by compensating (preventing) the coloration (blue or yellow) generated by the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer of the super twist nematic (STN) type liquid crystal display device. It is done. Further, the one in which the three-dimensional refractive index is controlled is preferable because it can compensate (prevent) coloring that occurs when the screen of the liquid crystal display device is viewed from an oblique direction. The circularly polarizing plate is effectively used, for example, when adjusting the color tone of an image of a reflective liquid crystal display device in which an image is displayed in color, and also has an antireflection function. Specific examples of the retardation plate include a birefringent film obtained by stretching a film made of an appropriate polymer such as polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polypropylene, other polyolefins, polyarylate, and polyamide. And an alignment film of a liquid crystal polymer, and a liquid crystal polymer alignment layer supported by a film. The retardation plate may have an appropriate retardation according to the purpose of use, such as those for the purpose of compensating for various wavelength plates or birefringence of the liquid crystal layer, viewing angle, and the like. What laminated | stacked the phase difference plate and controlled optical characteristics, such as phase difference, etc. may be used.

  The elliptical polarizing plate and the reflective elliptical polarizing plate are obtained by laminating a polarizing plate or a reflective polarizing plate and a retardation plate in an appropriate combination. Such an elliptically polarizing plate or the like can also be formed by sequentially laminating them sequentially in the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device so as to be a combination of a (reflection type) polarizing plate and a retardation plate. An optical film such as a polarizing plate has an advantage that it can improve the production efficiency of a liquid crystal display device and the like because of excellent quality stability and lamination workability.

  The viewing angle compensation film is a film for widening the viewing angle so that an image can be seen relatively clearly even when the screen of the liquid crystal display device is viewed from a slightly oblique direction rather than perpendicular to the screen. As such a viewing angle compensation phase difference plate, for example, a retardation film, an alignment film such as a liquid crystal polymer, or an alignment layer such as a liquid crystal polymer supported on a transparent substrate is used. A normal retardation plate uses a birefringent polymer film uniaxially stretched in the plane direction, whereas a retardation plate used as a viewing angle compensation film stretches biaxially in the plane direction. Birefringent polymer film, biaxially stretched film such as polymer with birefringence with a controlled refractive index in the thickness direction that is uniaxially stretched in the plane direction and stretched in the thickness direction, etc. Used. Examples of the inclined alignment film include a film obtained by bonding a heat shrink film to a polymer film and stretching or / and shrinking the polymer film under the action of the contraction force by heating, and a film obtained by obliquely aligning a liquid crystal polymer. Can be mentioned. The raw material polymer for the phase difference plate is the same as the polymer described in the previous phase difference plate, preventing coloration due to a change in the viewing angle based on the phase difference by the liquid crystal cell and expanding the viewing angle for good visual recognition. An appropriate one for the purpose can be used.

  Also, from the viewpoint of achieving a wide viewing angle with good visibility, an optically compensated phase difference in which a liquid crystal polymer alignment layer, in particular an optically anisotropic layer composed of a discotic liquid crystal polymer gradient alignment layer, is supported by a triacetylcellulose film. A plate can be preferably used.

  A polarizing plate obtained by bonding a polarizing plate and a brightness enhancement film is usually provided on the back side of a liquid crystal cell. The brightness enhancement film reflects a linearly polarized light with a predetermined polarization axis or a circularly polarized light in a predetermined direction when natural light is incident due to a backlight such as a liquid crystal display device or reflection from the back side, and transmits other light. In addition, a polarizing plate in which a brightness enhancement film is laminated with a polarizing plate allows light from a light source such as a backlight to enter to obtain transmitted light in a predetermined polarization state, and reflects light without transmitting the light other than the predetermined polarization state. The The light reflected on the surface of the brightness enhancement film is further inverted through a reflective layer or the like provided behind the brightness enhancement film and re-incident on the brightness enhancement film, and part or all of the light is transmitted as light having a predetermined polarization state. Luminance can be improved by increasing the amount of light transmitted through the enhancement film and increasing the amount of light that can be used for liquid crystal display image display or the like by supplying polarized light that is difficult to be absorbed by the polarizer. That is, when light is incident through the polarizer from the back side of the liquid crystal cell without using a brightness enhancement film, light having a polarization direction that does not coincide with the polarization axis of the polarizer is almost polarized. It is absorbed by the polarizer and does not pass through the polarizer. That is, although depending on the characteristics of the polarizer used, approximately 50% of the light is absorbed by the polarizer, and the amount of light that can be used for liquid crystal image display or the like is reduced accordingly, resulting in a dark image. The brightness enhancement film allows light having a polarization direction that is absorbed by the polarizer to be reflected once by the brightness enhancement film without being incident on the polarizer, and further inverted through a reflective layer provided on the rear side thereof. Repeatedly re-enter the brightness enhancement film, and the brightness enhancement film transmits only polarized light whose polarization direction is such that the polarization direction of light reflected and inverted between the two can pass through the polarizer. Therefore, light such as a backlight can be efficiently used for displaying an image on the liquid crystal display device, and the screen can be brightened.

  A diffusion plate may be provided between the brightness enhancement film and the reflective layer. The polarized light reflected by the brightness enhancement film is directed to the reflective layer or the like, but the installed diffuser plate uniformly diffuses the light passing therethrough and simultaneously cancels the polarized state and becomes a non-polarized state. That is, the diffuser plate returns the polarized light to the original natural light state. The light in the non-polarized state, that is, the natural light state is directed toward the reflection layer and the like, reflected through the reflection layer and the like, and again passes through the diffusion plate and reenters the brightness enhancement film. Thus, while maintaining the brightness of the display screen by providing a diffuser plate that returns polarized light to the original natural light state between the brightness enhancement film and the reflective layer, etc., the brightness unevenness of the display screen is reduced at the same time, A uniform and bright screen can be provided. By providing such a diffuser plate, it is considered that the first incident light has a moderate increase in the number of repetitions of reflection, and in combination with the diffusion function of the diffuser plate, a uniform bright display screen can be provided.

  The brightness enhancement film has a characteristic of transmitting linearly polarized light having a predetermined polarization axis and reflecting other light, such as a multilayer thin film of dielectric material or a multilayer laminate of thin film films having different refractive index anisotropies. Such as an alignment film of a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer or an alignment liquid crystal layer supported on a film substrate, which reflects either left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized light and transmits other light. Appropriate things such as a thing can be used.

  Therefore, in the brightness enhancement film of the type that transmits linearly polarized light having the predetermined polarization axis as described above, the transmitted light is directly incident on the polarizing plate with the polarization axis aligned, thereby efficiently transmitting while suppressing absorption loss due to the polarizing plate. Can be made. On the other hand, in a brightness enhancement film of a type that transmits circularly polarized light such as a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, it can be directly incident on a polarizer. However, in order to suppress absorption loss, the circularly polarized light is linearly polarized through a retardation plate. It is preferable to make it enter into a polarizing plate. Note that circularly polarized light can be converted to linearly polarized light by using a quarter wave plate as the retardation plate.

  A retardation plate that functions as a quarter-wave plate in a wide wavelength range such as a visible light region exhibits, for example, a retardation layer that functions as a quarter-wave plate for light-color light having a wavelength of 550 nm and other retardation characteristics. It can be obtained by a method of superposing a retardation layer, for example, a retardation layer functioning as a half-wave plate. Therefore, the retardation plate disposed between the polarizing plate and the brightness enhancement film may be composed of one or more retardation layers.

  In addition, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer can also be obtained by reflecting circularly polarized light in a wide wavelength range such as a visible light region by combining two or more layers having different reflection wavelengths and having an overlapping structure. Based on this, transmitted circularly polarized light in a wide wavelength range can be obtained.

  Further, the polarizing plate may be formed by laminating a polarizing plate and two or three or more optical layers like the above-described polarization separation type polarizing plate. Therefore, a reflective elliptical polarizing plate or a semi-transmissive elliptical polarizing plate in which the above-mentioned reflective polarizing plate or transflective polarizing plate and a retardation plate are combined may be used.

  An optical film in which the optical layer is laminated on a polarizing plate can be formed by a method of sequentially laminating separately in the manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display device or the like. There is an advantage that the manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display device or the like can be improved because of excellent stability and assembly work. For the lamination, an appropriate adhesive means such as an adhesive layer can be used. When adhering the polarizing plate and other optical films, their optical axes can be set at an appropriate arrangement angle in accordance with the target retardation characteristics.

  An adhesive layer for adhering to other members such as a liquid crystal cell may be provided on the polarizing plate described above or an optical film in which at least one polarizing plate is laminated. The pressure-sensitive adhesive forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not particularly limited. For example, an acrylic polymer, silicone-based polymer, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, polyether, fluorine-based or rubber-based polymer is appropriately selected. Can be used. In particular, those having excellent optical transparency such as an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, exhibiting appropriate wettability, cohesiveness, and adhesive pressure-sensitive adhesive properties, and being excellent in weather resistance, heat resistance and the like can be preferably used.

  In addition to the above, in terms of prevention of foaming and peeling phenomena due to moisture absorption, deterioration of optical properties and liquid crystal cell warpage due to differences in thermal expansion, etc., as well as formability of liquid crystal display devices with high quality and excellent durability An adhesive layer having a low moisture absorption rate and excellent heat resistance is preferred.

  The adhesive layer is, for example, natural or synthetic resins, in particular, tackifier resins, fillers or pigments made of glass fibers, glass beads, metal powders, other inorganic powders, colorants, antioxidants, etc. It may contain an additive to be added to the adhesive layer. Moreover, the adhesion layer etc. which contain microparticles | fine-particles and show light diffusibility may be sufficient.

  Attachment of the adhesive layer to one or both sides of the polarizing plate or the optical film can be performed by an appropriate method. For example, a pressure sensitive adhesive solution of about 10 to 40% by weight in which a base polymer or a composition thereof is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent composed of a suitable solvent alone or a mixture such as toluene and ethyl acetate is prepared. A method in which it is directly attached on a polarizing plate or an optical film by an appropriate development method such as a casting method or a coating method, or an adhesive layer is formed on a separator according to the above, and this is applied to a polarizing plate or an optical film. The method of moving up is mentioned.

  The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be provided on one side or both sides of a polarizing plate or an optical film as a superimposed layer of different compositions or types. Moreover, when providing in both surfaces, it can also be set as the adhesion layers of a different composition, a kind, thickness, etc. in the front and back of a polarizing plate or an optical film. The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be appropriately determined according to the purpose of use and adhesive force, and is generally 1 to 40 μm, preferably 5 to 30 μm, particularly preferably 10 to 25 μm. If it is thinner than 1 μm, the durability will be poor, and if it is thicker than 40 μm, it will be liable to float or peel off due to foaming, resulting in poor appearance.

  On the exposed surface of the adhesive layer, a separator is temporarily attached and covered for the purpose of preventing contamination until it is put to practical use. Thereby, it can prevent contacting an adhesion layer in the usual handling state. As the separator, except for the above thickness conditions, for example, a suitable thin leaf body such as a plastic film, rubber sheet, paper, cloth, non-woven fabric, net, foam sheet, metal foil, laminate thereof, and the like, silicone type or Appropriate conventional ones such as those coated with an appropriate release agent such as long-chain alkyl, fluorine-based, or molybdenum sulfide can be used.

  In order to improve the adhesion between the polarizing plate and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, an anchor layer can be provided between the layers.

  As the material for forming the anchor layer, an anchor agent selected from polyurethane, polyester, and polymers containing an amino group in the molecule is preferably used, and polymers containing an amino group in the molecule are particularly preferred. . Polymers containing an amino group in the molecule ensure good adhesion because the amino group in the molecule exhibits an interaction such as a reaction or ionic interaction with the carboxyl group in the pressure-sensitive adhesive.

  Examples of polymers containing an amino group in the molecule include polymers of amino-containing group-containing monomers such as polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine, polyvinylamine, polyvinylpyridine, polyvinylpyrrolidine, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, and the like.

  An antistatic agent may be added to the anchor layer in order to impart antistatic properties. Antistatic agents for imparting antistatic properties include ionic surfactant systems, conductive polymer systems such as polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, and polyquinoxaline, metal oxide systems such as tin oxide, antimony oxide, and indium oxide. In particular, from the viewpoint of optical properties, appearance, antistatic effect, and antistatic effect heating and stability during humidification, a conductive polymer system is preferably used. Among these, water-soluble conductive polymers such as polyaniline and polythiophene or water-dispersible conductive polymers are particularly preferably used. When a water-soluble conductive polymer or a water-dispersible conductive polymer is used as a material for forming the antistatic layer, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the optical film substrate due to an organic solvent during coating.

  In the present invention, the polarizer, the transparent protective film, the optical film, and the like that form the polarizing plate described above, and each layer such as an adhesive layer include, for example, a salicylic acid ester compound, a benzophenol compound, a benzotriazole compound, and a cyanoacrylate. It may be a compound having an ultraviolet absorbing ability by a method such as a method of treating with an ultraviolet absorber such as a compound based on nickel or a nickel complex salt compound.

  The polarizing plate or the optical film of the present invention can be preferably used for forming various devices such as a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device can be formed according to the conventional method. That is, a liquid crystal display device is generally formed by appropriately assembling components such as a liquid crystal cell, a polarizing plate or an optical film, and an illumination system as necessary, and incorporating a drive circuit. There is no limitation in particular except the point which uses the polarizing plate or optical film by invention, and it can apply according to the former. As the liquid crystal cell, any type such as a TN type, STN type, π type, VA type, IPS type, or the like can be used.

  An appropriate liquid crystal display device such as a liquid crystal display device in which a polarizing plate or an optical film is disposed on one side or both sides of a liquid crystal cell, or a backlight or a reflector used in an illumination system can be formed. In that case, the polarizing plate or optical film by this invention can be installed in the one side or both sides of a liquid crystal cell. When providing a polarizing plate or an optical film on both sides, they may be the same or different. Further, when forming a liquid crystal display device, for example, a single layer or a suitable part such as a diffusing plate, an antiglare layer, an antireflection film, a protective plate, a prism array, a lens array sheet, a light diffusing plate, a backlight, etc. Two or more layers can be arranged.

  As the polarizing plate of the present invention (or an optical film using the polarizing plate), a retardation plate is used as the transparent protective film 2a on one side of the polarizer, and a normal transparent protective film 2b is used on the other side. When the used polarizing plate P is arranged in the liquid crystal cell C, the polarizing plate P is preferably arranged so that the transparent protective film 2a (retardation plate) side is on the liquid crystal cell side. When disposing the polarizing plate P on both sides of the liquid crystal cell C, it is preferable to dispose the polarizing plates on both sides so that the transparent protective film 2a (retardation plate) side is on the liquid crystal cell side. FIG. 2 shows a case where such arrangement is made.

  In addition, regarding the polarizing plate arrange | positioned on both sides of a liquid crystal cell, as a combination of the transparent protective film which becomes a liquid crystal cell side, the combination shown in Table 1 is preferable. In Table 1, in the polarizing plate arrange | positioned as an upper board (viewing side) and lower board of a liquid crystal cell, the combination 1-4 of the phase difference of the transparent protective film used for the liquid crystal cell side is described. In such a combination, the use of the transparent protective film is preferable in view angle characteristics. Moreover, the transparent protective film of the lower board in the combination 3 shows that a normal transparent protective film can be used. The upper and lower plates of the combinations 1 to 4 can be interchanged.

  Next, an organic electroluminescence device (organic EL display device) will be described. Generally, in an organic EL display device, a transparent electrode, an organic light emitting layer, and a metal electrode are sequentially laminated on a transparent substrate to form a light emitter (organic electroluminescent light emitter). Here, the organic light emitting layer is a laminate of various organic thin films, for example, a laminate of a hole injection layer made of a triphenylamine derivative and the like and a light emitting layer made of a fluorescent organic solid such as anthracene, Alternatively, a structure having various combinations such as a laminate of such a light emitting layer and an electron injection layer composed of a perylene derivative or the like, or a laminate of these hole injection layer, light emitting layer, and electron injection layer is known. It has been.

  In organic EL display devices, holes and electrons are injected into the organic light-emitting layer by applying a voltage to the transparent electrode and the metal electrode, and the energy generated by recombination of these holes and electrons excites the phosphor material. Then, light is emitted on the principle that the excited fluorescent material emits light when returning to the ground state. The mechanism of recombination in the middle is the same as that of a general diode, and as can be predicted from this, the current and the emission intensity show strong nonlinearity with rectification with respect to the applied voltage.

  In an organic EL display device, in order to extract light emitted from the organic light emitting layer, at least one of the electrodes must be transparent, and a transparent electrode usually formed of a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide (ITO) is used as an anode. It is used as. On the other hand, in order to facilitate electron injection and increase luminous efficiency, it is important to use a material having a small work function for the cathode, and usually metal electrodes such as Mg—Ag and Al—Li are used.

  In the organic EL display device having such a configuration, the organic light emitting layer is formed of a very thin film having a thickness of about 10 nm. For this reason, the organic light emitting layer transmits light almost completely like the transparent electrode. As a result, light that is incident from the surface of the transparent substrate at the time of non-light emission, passes through the transparent electrode and the organic light emitting layer, and is reflected by the metal electrode is again emitted to the surface side of the transparent substrate. The display surface of the organic EL display device looks like a mirror surface.

  In an organic EL display device comprising an organic electroluminescent light emitting device comprising a transparent electrode on the surface side of an organic light emitting layer that emits light upon application of a voltage and a metal electrode on the back side of the organic light emitting layer, the surface of the transparent electrode While providing a polarizing plate on the side, a retardation plate can be provided between the transparent electrode and the polarizing plate.

  Since the retardation plate and the polarizing plate have a function of polarizing light incident from the outside and reflected by the metal electrode, there is an effect that the mirror surface of the metal electrode is not visually recognized by the polarization action. In particular, the mirror surface of the metal electrode can be completely shielded by configuring the retardation plate with a quarter-wave plate and adjusting the angle formed by the polarization direction of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate to π / 4. .

  That is, only the linearly polarized light component of the external light incident on the organic EL display device is transmitted by the polarizing plate. This linearly polarized light becomes generally elliptically polarized light by the phase difference plate, but becomes circularly polarized light particularly when the phase difference plate is a quarter wavelength plate and the angle formed by the polarization direction of the polarizing plate and the phase difference plate is π / 4. .

  This circularly polarized light is transmitted through the transparent substrate, the transparent electrode, and the organic thin film, is reflected by the metal electrode, is again transmitted through the organic thin film, the transparent electrode, and the transparent substrate, and becomes linearly polarized light again on the retardation plate. And since this linearly polarized light is orthogonal to the polarization direction of a polarizing plate, it cannot permeate | transmit a polarizing plate. As a result, the mirror surface of the metal electrode can be completely shielded.

  Examples and the like specifically showing the configuration and effects of the present invention will be described below. In each example, parts and% are based on weight unless otherwise specified.

(Measurement of phase difference)
The refractive index nx, ny, nz at a wavelength of 590 nm of the transparent protective film is measured by an automatic birefringence measuring device (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments, automatic birefringence meter KOBRA21ADH) based on the parallel Nicol rotation method. A phase difference Re and a thickness direction phase difference Rth were calculated.

(Viscosity of adhesive aqueous solution)
The prepared adhesive aqueous solution (normal temperature: 23 ° C.) was measured with a rheometer (RSI-HS, manufactured by HAAKE).

(Average colloid particle size)
The alumina colloidal aqueous solution was measured by a dynamic light scattering method (light correlation method) with a particle size distribution meter (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Nanotrac UPA150).

(Production of polarizer)
A polyvinyl alcohol film having an average polymerization degree of 2400, a saponification degree of 99.9 mol%, and a thickness of 75 μm was immersed in warm water at 28 ° C. for 60 seconds to swell. Subsequently, the film was stretched to 3.3 times while being dyed in an iodine solution of 3.2% by weight (weight ratio: iodine / potassium iodide = 1/10) at 30 ° C. for 1 minute. Next, the film was stretched to 3.6 times while immersed in 3 wt% boric acid at 60 ° C. and 2 wt% potassium iodide aqueous solution for 10 seconds. Thereafter, the total draw ratio was stretched to 6 times while being immersed in an aqueous solution of 4 wt% boric acid at 60 ° C and 3 wt% potassium iodide for 0.5 minutes. Further, it was impregnated with iodine ions by immersing in a 5 wt% potassium iodide aqueous solution for 10 seconds. Then, it dried for 3 minutes in 40 degreeC oven, and obtained the 30-micrometer-thick polarizer.

(Transparent protective film)
The following were used.

  Transparent protective film 1: Biaxial retardation film (thickness 40 μm, Re = 55 nm, Rth = 151 nm, Nz) satisfying the relationship of nx> ny> nz of norbornene resin (manufactured by ZEON Corporation, trade name: ZEONOR) = 2.2) was used.

Transparent protective film 2: (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure in which R ¹ is a hydrogen atom and R ² and R ³ are methyl groups in the general formula (1) [weight ratio of copolymerization monomer: methacrylic acid Methyl / 2- (hydroxymethyl) methyl acrylate = 8/2; lactone cyclization rate of about 100%] 90 parts by weight and acrylonitrile-styrene (AS) resin {Toyo AS AS20, manufactured by Toyo Styrene Co., Ltd.} 10 parts by weight A transparent protective film (thickness 40 μm, Re = 0 nm, Rth = 0 nm, water vapor transmission rate 100 g / m ² · 24 hr) stretched 2.0 times in length and 2.4 times in width was used.

Transparent protective film 3: A 40 μm thick triacetylcellulose film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd., Re = 1 nm, Rth = 50 nm, moisture permeability 780 g / m ² · 24 hr) was used.

  The transparent protective film 1 and the transparent protective film 2 are subjected to corona treatment as an easy adhesion treatment on the side where the polarizer is bonded, and a silane coupling agent (manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd., APZ6601) is applied as a bar coater. And dried for 2 minutes with a dryer at 80 ° C., and the thickness after drying was adjusted to 50 nm. Moreover, in the transparent protective film 3, the saponification process was performed as an easily bonding process.

(Preparation of adhesive)
Polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing acetoacetyl group (average polymerization degree: 1200, saponification degree: 98.5 mol%, acetoacetylation degree: 5 mol%) to 100 parts, Under temperature conditions, an aqueous solution dissolved in pure water and adjusted to a solid content concentration of 3.7% was prepared. An aqueous adhesive solution was prepared by adding 18 parts of an aqueous colloidal alumina solution (average particle size 15 nm, solid content concentration 10%, positive charge) to 100 parts of the aqueous solution. The viscosity of the adhesive aqueous solution was 9.6 mPa · s. The pH of the aqueous adhesive solution was in the range of 4-4.5. This is referred to as an adhesive 1. Also, an adhesive aqueous solution was prepared by adding no alumina colloid aqueous solution to the adhesive 1. The viscosity of the aqueous adhesive solution was 7.0 mPa · s. The pH of the aqueous adhesive solution was in the range of 4-4.5. This is referred to as an adhesive 2.

Example 1
(Creation of polarizing plate)
The adhesive 1 was coated on one side of the transparent protective film 1 so that the thickness of the adhesive layer after drying was 80 nm. The adhesive 1 was coated on one side of the transparent protective film 2 so that the thickness of the adhesive layer after drying was 80 nm. The adhesive was applied 30 minutes after the preparation under a temperature condition of 23 ° C. Next, the transparent protective films 1 and 2 with the adhesive were bonded to both sides of the polarizer under a temperature condition of 23 ° C. by a roll machine, and then dried at 55 ° C. for 6 minutes to prepare a polarizing plate.

Example 2, Comparative Examples 1-2
In Example 1, the polarizing plate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the type of transparent protective film and the type of adhesive were changed as shown in Table 2.

(Evaluation)
The following evaluation was performed about the obtained polarizing plate. The results are shown in Table 3.

(Change with time: curl)
The curl of the polarizing plate (300 mm × 200 mm) was evaluated according to the following criteria when the polarizing plate was produced and after 50 hours had elapsed after the production. The curl is the distance to the farthest place from the plane when the polarizing plate is left on the plane. In addition, the curl immediately after producing a polarizing plate is 0 mm in an Example and a comparative example.
○: There is no change in curl when the polarizing plate is produced and after 50 hours.
(Triangle | delta): The change of curl is less than +/- 20mm at the time of preparation of a polarizing plate and 50 hours after.
X: The curl change is ± 20 mm or more when the polarizing plate is produced and after 50 hours.

(Change over time: optical characteristics)
A polarizing plate (100 mm × 100 mm) was cut out so that the absorption axis was 45 ° with respect to the long side, and when the polarizing plate was produced, the optical characteristics (single transmittance (%) after 50 hours from the production) , The degree of polarization (%)) was measured using an integrating sphere type transmittance measuring machine (Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co., Ltd .: DOT-3C) and evaluated according to the following criteria. As for the optical characteristics immediately after producing the polarizing plate, the single transmittance is 43.0% and the degree of polarization is 99.99% in both Examples and Comparative Examples.
○: There is no change in optical characteristics during the production of the polarizing plate and after 50 hours.
(Triangle | delta): The change of an optical characteristic is less than +/- 5% at the time of preparation of a polarizing plate and after 50-hour progress.
X: The change in optical properties is ± 5% or more when the polarizing plate is produced and after 50 hours.

(Optical durability)
A polarizing plate (100 mm × 100 mm) is held for 1 hour at a temperature of −35 ° C. and 75 ° C. for a heating test (80 ° C., 240 hours), a humidification test (60 ° C., 90% RH, 240 hours), respectively. After changing the temperature conditions to 200 cycles), the optical characteristics (single transmittance (%), polarization degree) were measured using an integrating sphere type transmittance measuring machine (Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co., Ltd .: DOT-3C). ) And evaluated according to the following criteria. As for the optical characteristics immediately after producing the polarizing plate, the single transmittance is 43.0% and the degree of polarization is 99.99% in both Examples and Comparative Examples.
○: There is no change in optical characteristics during the production of the polarizing plate and after 50 hours.
(Triangle | delta): The change of an optical characteristic is less than +/- 5% at the time of preparation of a polarizing plate and after 50-hour progress.
X: The change in optical properties is ± 5% or more when the polarizing plate is produced and after 50 hours.

(Display unevenness)
As for the display unevenness of the polarizing plate, a 37-inch size polarizing plate (two sheets obtained in each example) was attached to the glass so that the upper plate was 0 ° and the lower plate was 90 ° (in the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2). ), Illuminated from the lower plate side with a backlight, and evaluated according to the following criteria. For the evaluation of display unevenness, a measuring machine (two-dimensional color distribution measuring apparatus, manufactured by Konica Minolta, trade name: CA-1500) installed on the opposite side of the backlight of the polarizing plate (position 50 cm away from the upper plate) is used. I went. In addition, a heating test (80 ° C., 240 hours), a humidification test (60 ° C., 90% RH, 240 hours), and a heat cycle test (-35 ° C. and 75 ° C. for 1 hour each) The display unevenness was similarly evaluated after each cycle).
○: There is no display unevenness.
Δ: Display unevenness is partially observed.
X: Display unevenness is seen on the entire surface.

  The display unevenness was evaluated using the two polarizing plates obtained in each example, and using the polarizing plate obtained in Example 1 on the upper plate (arranged like the upper plate in FIG. 2). ), The case where the polarizing plate obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used as the lower plate was also evaluated. In the case of such a configuration, the evaluation of display unevenness before the test was “◯” in the same manner as in Example 1 because the polarizing plate described in Example 1 was used for the upper plate.

(Adhesion)
At the end of the polarizing plate, a cutter edge was inserted between the polarizer and the transparent protective film. In the insertion portion, the polarizer and the transparent protective film were gripped and pulled in opposite directions. At this time, when the polarizer and / or the transparent protective film was broken and could not be peeled off, the adhesion was judged to be good: “◯”. On the other hand, when a part or all peeled between the polarizer and the transparent protective film, the adhesion was poor: “x” was judged.

(Peeling amount)
A sample was prepared by cutting the polarizing plate so as to be 50 mm in the absorption axis direction of the polarizer and 25 mm in the direction perpendicular to the absorption axis. The sample was immersed in warm water at 60 ° C., and the amount of peeling (mm) at the end of the sample was measured over time. The amount of peeling (mm) was measured with a caliper. Table 3 shows the amount of peeling (mm) after 5 hours.

(Appearance evaluation: Knick defect)
A sample was prepared by cutting out the polarizing plate to be 1000 mm × 1000 mm. A sample polarizing plate was placed under a fluorescent lamp. Another polarizing plate was installed on the light source side of the polarizing plate of the sample so that the respective absorption axes were perpendicular to each other, and in this state, the number of points through which light was lost (knic defects) was counted.

It is sectional drawing of an example of the polarizing plate of this invention. It is sectional drawing of an example which applied the polarizing plate of this invention to the liquid crystal cell.

Explanation of symbols

1 Polarizer 2a Transparent protective film (retardation plate)
2b Transparent protective film 3 Adhesive layer P Polarizing plate C Liquid crystal cell

Claims (9)

A polarizing plate in which a transparent protective film is provided on both surfaces of a polyvinyl alcohol polarizer via an adhesive layer,
The single-sided transparent protective film contains a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure, has an in-plane retardation of less than 40 nm, and a thickness direction retardation of less than 80 nm,
The transparent protective film on the other side is a retardation plate containing a norbornene-based resin and having an in-plane retardation of 40 nm or more and / or a thickness direction retardation of 80 nm or more. A polarizing plate characterized by that.   The transparent protective film on the other side, which is a retardation plate, is nx> ny> nz (however, the direction in which the in-plane refractive index is maximum is the X axis, the direction perpendicular to the X axis is the Y axis, and the thickness direction) The polarizing plate according to claim 1, wherein the following relationship is satisfied: Z is the Z axis, and refractive indexes in the respective axial directions are nx, ny, and nz). Among the adhesive layers, at least the adhesive layer on the retardation plate side is a resin solution containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a crosslinking agent, and a metal compound colloid having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm, and ,
3. The metal compound colloid is formed from a polarizing plate adhesive blended at a ratio of 200 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin. Polarizing plate.   The polarizing plate according to claim 3, wherein the metal compound colloid is at least one selected from alumina colloid, silica colloid, zirconia colloid, titania colloid and tin oxide colloid.   The polarizing plate according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the metal compound colloid has a positive charge.   6. The polarizing plate according to claim 5, wherein the metal compound colloid is an alumina colloid. A method for producing a polarizing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a transparent protective film is provided on both surfaces of the polarizer via an adhesive layer,
A step of applying a polarizing plate adhesive to a surface of the polarizer on which the adhesive layer is formed and / or a surface of the transparent protective film on which the adhesive layer is formed, and a step of bonding the polarizer and the transparent protective film together. The manufacturing method of the polarizing plate characterized by the above-mentioned.   An optical film, wherein at least one polarizing plate according to claim 1 is laminated.   An image display device comprising the polarizing plate according to claim 1 or the optical film according to claim 8.