JP2009139556A - Sound absorbing body - Google Patents

Sound absorbing body Download PDF

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JP2009139556A
JP2009139556A JP2007314769A JP2007314769A JP2009139556A JP 2009139556 A JP2009139556 A JP 2009139556A JP 2007314769 A JP2007314769 A JP 2007314769A JP 2007314769 A JP2007314769 A JP 2007314769A JP 2009139556 A JP2009139556 A JP 2009139556A
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film
sound absorbing
absorbing material
sound
resonance
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JP5056385B2 (en
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Satoru Kobayashi
哲 小林
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Yamaha Corp
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Yamaha Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the film vibration of a film-shaped sound-absorbing material from being disturbed by a resonance hole for Helmholtz resonance formed in the film-shaped sound-absorbing material in a sound absorbing body for collectively exhibiting sound absorbing action by film vibration and sound absorbing action by the Helmholtz resonance. <P>SOLUTION: An aperture section 18a of a cavity 18 is closed with a film-shaped sound-absorbing material 20. The film-shaped sound-absorbing materials 18a are stacked by sticking a stripe 28 to a corner section of the film-shaped sound-absorbing material 18a. The resonance hole 30 is formed by penetrating through this stacked section. The resonance hole 30 is connected through the cavity 18. A forming position of the resonance hole 30 is within 20% of dimensions L1 and L2 of a face of the film-shaped sound-absorbing material 20, from fixed ends 32 and 34 of a peripheral section of the film-shaped sound-absorbing material 20. A Helmholtz resonance frequency is adjusted by a film thickness of the stripe 28 or a cross section of the resonance hole 30. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は膜振動による吸音作用とヘルムホルツ共鳴による吸音作用を併せて奏する吸音体に関し、膜状吸音材に形成するヘルムホルツ共鳴用の共鳴穴が該膜状吸音材の膜振動を阻害しにくくしたものである。   The present invention relates to a sound absorber that combines a sound absorbing action due to membrane vibration and a sound absorbing action due to Helmholtz resonance, wherein the resonance hole for Helmholtz resonance formed in the film-like sound absorbing material makes it difficult for the membrane vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material to be inhibited. It is.

膜振動による吸音作用とヘルムホルツ共鳴による吸音作用を併せて奏する吸音体として下記特許文献１，２に記載されたものがあった。特許文献１に記載の吸音体は全面に穴（共鳴穴）を形成した膜状吸音材を空洞を形成しながら複数層積層したものである。膜状吸音材は空洞を背後空気層として膜振動による吸音作用を生じさせる。また空洞は共鳴穴を介して外気と連通しヘルムホルツ共鳴による吸音作用を生じさせる。特許文献２に記載の吸音体は肉厚のシート材の内部に複数の空洞を形成し、該シート材の表層部に各空洞の平面中央部に連通する共鳴穴を形成したものである。表層部は空洞を背後空気層として膜振動による吸音作用を生じさせる。また空洞は共鳴穴を介して外気と連通しヘルムホルツ共鳴による吸音作用を生じさせる。   There exist some which were described in the following patent documents 1 and 2 as a sound-absorbing body which combines the sound-absorbing effect by membrane vibration and the sound-absorbing effect by Helmholtz resonance. The sound absorber described in Patent Document 1 is obtained by laminating a plurality of layers of film-like sound absorbers having holes (resonance holes) formed on the entire surface while forming cavities. The film-like sound absorbing material generates a sound absorbing action by membrane vibration with the cavity as a back air layer. The cavity communicates with the outside air through a resonance hole and generates a sound absorbing action by Helmholtz resonance. The sound absorber described in Patent Document 2 is formed by forming a plurality of cavities inside a thick sheet material, and forming a resonance hole in the surface layer portion of the sheet material that communicates with the plane center of each cavity. The surface layer generates a sound absorbing action by membrane vibration with the cavity as a back air layer. The cavity communicates with the outside air through a resonance hole and generates a sound absorbing action by Helmholtz resonance.

特開平８−３０１０２４号公報JP-A-8-301024 特許第３５８４４６５号公報Japanese Patent No. 3585465

特許文献１，２記載の吸音体によれば、音波を受けて大きく変位（振動）すべき膜の箇所（背後空気層の平面中央部に相当する位置）に共鳴穴が形成されているため、音波は該共鳴穴を通り抜けてしまい、振動膜の変位が生じにくかった。このため共鳴孔が膜振動を阻害する問題があった。   According to the sound absorbers described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, since the resonance hole is formed at the position of the film that receives the sound wave and should be largely displaced (vibrated) (the position corresponding to the plane central portion of the back air layer), The sound wave passed through the resonance hole, and the displacement of the vibration film was difficult to occur. For this reason, there was a problem that the resonance hole hinders membrane vibration.

この発明は上述の点に鑑みてなされたもので、膜状吸音材に形成するヘルムホルツ共鳴用の共鳴穴が膜状吸音材の膜振動を阻害しにくくした吸音体を提供しようとするものである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a sound absorber in which the resonance hole for Helmholtz resonance formed in the film-like sound absorbing material does not easily inhibit the film vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material. .

この発明の吸音体は開口部を有する空洞と、前記開口部を塞ぐ膜状吸音材とを具備し、前記膜状吸音材は前記開口部の周縁部に固定支持され、前記膜状吸音材の、前記開口部の周縁部の固定端から該膜状吸音材の面の寸法の２０％の範囲内の領域に限り、前記空洞との組み合わせによりヘルムホルツ共鳴を生じる共鳴穴を形成してなり、前記膜状吸音材の膜振動による吸音作用と前記ヘルムホルツ共鳴による吸音作用を併せて奏するものである。   The sound absorbing body of the present invention includes a cavity having an opening and a film-like sound absorbing material that closes the opening, and the film-like sound absorbing material is fixedly supported at a peripheral portion of the opening, and the film-like sound absorbing material In addition, only in a region within a range of 20% of the dimension of the surface of the film-shaped sound absorbing material from the fixed end of the peripheral edge of the opening, a resonance hole that generates Helmholtz resonance is formed by combination with the cavity, The sound absorbing action by the membrane vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material and the sound absorbing action by the Helmholtz resonance are combined.

周縁部が固定支持された膜状吸音材が通常レベルの音波を受けて振動するとき、この振動による膜状吸音材の屈曲は通常、該膜状吸音材の周縁部の固定端から該膜状吸音材の面の寸法の１０〜１５％内側（中心側）に寄った所から始まる。つまりそれよりも外周側の領域は固定端に近いためほとんど変位しない。この発明は音波を受けてもほとんど変位しないこの外周側の領域に限り共鳴穴を形成し、それよりも内周側の容易に変位する領域には共鳴穴を形成しないので、共鳴穴が膜状吸音材の膜振動を阻害しにくくなり、膜振動による高い吸音作用を生じさせることができる。   When a film-like sound absorbing material whose peripheral part is fixedly supported is vibrated by receiving a normal level sound wave, the film-like sound absorbing material is normally bent by this vibration from the fixed end of the peripheral part of the film-like sound absorbing material. It starts from a point closer to the inside (center side) of 10 to 15% of the dimension of the surface of the sound absorbing material. In other words, the region on the outer peripheral side is closer to the fixed end and is hardly displaced. In the present invention, the resonance hole is formed only in the outer peripheral region which is hardly displaced even when a sound wave is received, and the resonance hole is not formed in the easily displaced region on the inner peripheral side. It becomes difficult to inhibit the membrane vibration of the sound absorbing material, and a high sound absorbing action due to the membrane vibration can be generated.

この発明は例えば前記膜状吸音材の平面形状が角形であり、前記共鳴穴が該角形の隅部に形成されているものとすることができる。これによれば角形の隅部は特に変位しにくいので、共鳴穴が膜状吸音材の膜振動をより阻害しにくくなり、膜振動によるより高い吸音作用を生じさせることができる。   In the present invention, for example, the planar shape of the film-like sound absorbing material may be a square, and the resonance hole may be formed at a corner of the square. According to this, since the corners of the square are particularly difficult to be displaced, the resonance holes are more difficult to inhibit the membrane vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material, and a higher sound absorbing action due to the membrane vibration can be generated.

この発明は例えば前記ヘルムホルツ共鳴の共鳴周波数を前記膜状吸音材の一次共振周波数と二次共振周波数の間に設定することができる。これによれば膜状吸音材の膜振動で吸音する一次共振周波数近辺の周波数領域と二次共振周波数近辺の周波数領域に挟まれた、膜振動による吸音効果を期待できない周波数領域をヘルムホルツ共鳴で吸音するので、一次共振周波数と二次共振周波数の間を補間して広帯域の吸音を行うことができる。   In the present invention, for example, the resonance frequency of the Helmholtz resonance can be set between the primary resonance frequency and the secondary resonance frequency of the film-shaped sound absorbing material. According to this, the frequency region where the sound absorption effect due to the membrane vibration is not expected is sandwiched between the frequency region near the primary resonance frequency and the frequency region near the secondary resonance frequency that absorbs the sound by the membrane vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material. Therefore, it is possible to perform broadband sound absorption by interpolating between the primary resonance frequency and the secondary resonance frequency.

この発明は前記膜状吸音材の前記共鳴穴を形成する箇所の膜厚を該膜状吸音材の中央部を含む振動動作の主要部（音波を受けて大きく振動する領域）の膜厚と異ならせたものとすることができる。これによれば共鳴穴を形成する箇所の膜厚を変えると共鳴穴の軸方向の長さが変わるので、ヘルムホルツ共鳴周波数が変化する。また膜状吸音材の膜振動の共振周波数は振動動作の主要部の膜厚（膜の単位面積あたりの質量）に応じて変化する。したがって膜状吸音材の共鳴穴を形成する箇所の膜厚を該膜状吸音材の中央部を含む振動動作の主要部の膜厚と異ならせることにより、ヘルムホルツ共鳴周波数と膜振動の共振周波数を独立に設定することができ、吸音体全体として所望の吸音特性に設定することができる。このような構造は、共鳴穴を形成する箇所の膜厚を膜状吸音材の振動動作の主要部の膜厚よりも大きく設定する場合は、例えば前記膜状吸音材の前記共鳴穴を形成する箇所に別途膜材または板材による片を貼り合わせ、該膜状吸音材および該片を貫通して前記共鳴穴を形成することにより実現することができる。   In the present invention, the film thickness of the film-shaped sound absorbing material where the resonance hole is formed is different from the film thickness of the main part of the vibration operation including the central part of the film-shaped sound absorbing material. Can be used. According to this, when the thickness of the portion where the resonance hole is formed is changed, the axial length of the resonance hole is changed, so that the Helmholtz resonance frequency is changed. Further, the resonance frequency of the membrane vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material changes according to the film thickness (mass per unit area of the membrane) of the main part of the vibration operation. Therefore, the Helmholtz resonance frequency and the resonance frequency of the membrane vibration are made different by making the film thickness of the part where the resonance hole of the film-like sound absorbing material is formed different from the film thickness of the main part of the vibration operation including the central part of the film-like sound absorbing material. They can be set independently, and the desired sound absorbing characteristics can be set for the entire sound absorber. In such a structure, when the film thickness of the portion where the resonance hole is formed is set larger than the film thickness of the main part of the vibration operation of the film-shaped sound absorbing material, for example, the resonance hole of the film-shaped sound absorbing material is formed. It can be realized by separately attaching a piece made of a film material or a plate material to a place and forming the resonance hole through the film-like sound absorbing material and the piece.

この発明の吸音体はまた、平面状に配列され区画壁で相互に仕切られた複数の空洞を有し、前記各空洞は背部が後壁で閉じられ前部が開口部を形成し、前記各開口部は膜状吸音材でそれぞれ塞がれ、前記各膜状吸音材は前記開口部の周縁部にそれぞれ固定支持され、前記各膜状吸音材の、前記開口部の周縁部の固定端から該膜状吸音材の面の寸法の２０％の範囲内の領域に、前記空洞との組み合わせによりヘルムホルツ共鳴を生じる共鳴穴をそれぞれ形成してなり、前記膜状吸音材の膜振動による吸音作用と前記ヘルムホルツ共鳴による吸音作用を併せて奏するものとして構成することができる。これによれば区画壁で仕切られた各領域ごとに膜振動による吸音作用とヘルムホルツ共鳴による吸音作用を生じさせることができ、吸音体全体として各領域による吸音効果を合算した吸音効果を得ることができる。   The sound absorber of the present invention also has a plurality of cavities arranged in a plane and partitioned from each other by a partition wall, each of the cavities has a back portion closed by a rear wall and a front portion forming an opening. The openings are respectively closed with a film-like sound absorbing material, and each of the film-like sound absorbing materials is fixedly supported at the peripheral edge of the opening, and from the fixed end of the peripheral edge of the opening of each of the film-like sound absorbing materials. Resonance holes that generate Helmholtz resonance by combination with the cavity are formed in regions within a range of 20% of the dimension of the surface of the film-like sound-absorbing material, respectively. The sound absorbing effect by the Helmholtz resonance can also be achieved. According to this, the sound absorbing effect by membrane vibration and the sound absorbing effect by Helmholtz resonance can be generated for each region partitioned by the partition wall, and the sound absorbing effect can be obtained by adding up the sound absorbing effect by each region as a whole. it can.

この発明の実施の形態を以下説明する。図２はこの発明による吸音体の実施の形態を示す。（ａ）は正面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）のＡ−Ａ矢視断面図である。図３はこの吸音体の分解斜視図を示す。この吸音体１０は所定板厚の１枚の平板状の板状部材１２の前面に区画壁１４（剛壁）を突出形成したパネル体１６を具えている。板状部材１２と区画壁１４はアルミ等の金属あるいはプラスチックによる一体成型品で作られている。あるいは板状部材１２と区画壁１４を別体で構成した後、接着剤あるいはねじ等の接合材で接合してパネル体１６を構成することもできる。後者の場合は板状部材１２および区画壁１４をアルミ等の金属、プラスチック、木材等で構成することができる。区画壁１４は縦方向の区画壁および横方向の区画壁がそれぞれ均一の間隔に配置された井桁状に形成されている。これにより板状部材１２の前面側には区画壁１４で仕切られた同一形状および同一寸法の矩形状の複数（この例では１６個）の空洞１８が平面状に配置形成されている。各空洞１８は背部が板状部材１２による後壁（剛壁）で閉じられ前部が開口部１８ａを形成している。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a sound absorber according to the present invention. (A) is a front view, (b) is AA arrow sectional drawing of (a). FIG. 3 shows an exploded perspective view of the sound absorber. The sound absorber 10 includes a panel body 16 in which a partition wall 14 (rigid wall) protrudes from the front surface of a flat plate-like member 12 having a predetermined plate thickness. The plate-like member 12 and the partition wall 14 are made of an integrally molded product made of metal such as aluminum or plastic. Alternatively, the plate member 12 and the partition wall 14 may be configured separately, and then the panel body 16 may be configured by bonding with a bonding material such as an adhesive or a screw. In the latter case, the plate member 12 and the partition wall 14 can be made of a metal such as aluminum, plastic, wood, or the like. The partition wall 14 is formed in a cross beam shape in which vertical partition walls and horizontal partition walls are arranged at uniform intervals. As a result, a plurality of (16 in this example) cavities 18 having the same shape and the same dimensions, which are partitioned by the partition wall 14, are arranged and formed on the front side of the plate-like member 12 in a planar shape. Each cavity 18 has a back portion closed by a rear wall (rigid wall) formed by the plate-like member 12, and a front portion forming an opening 18a.

区画壁１４の上には１６個の空洞１８全体を覆うように１枚の膜材（シート材）２０が被せられ、その上から押さえ板２２が載せられている。膜材２０は各空洞部分で膜状吸音材を構成するもので、塩ビフィルム、カンバス、ゴムシート等の有機シート構成され、膜厚は０．５〜２ｍｍ程度である。押さえ板２２はアルミ等の金属、プラスチック、木材等で構成される。押さえ板２２は区画壁１４と一致する横断面形状を有し、区画壁１４による開口部１８ａと一連となる開口部２２ａが形成されている。区画壁１４と押さえ板２２とは、押さえ板２２の上端面の各部（この例では井桁の縦と横の各交点）に形成された穴２４（図１、図３）にその上方からねじ２６を差し込んで膜材２０を貫通して区画壁１４の上端面に形成された穴２８（図１、図３）にねじ込むことにより相互に連結される。このとき膜材２０は区画壁１４と押さえ板２２とで強く挟まれて固定された状態となる。これにより各空洞１８の開口部１８ａは該開口部１８ａの周縁部で固定支持された膜材２０でそれぞれ塞がれる。該膜材２０は各空洞１８において膜状吸音材として機能し、膜振動による吸音作用を奏する。   A film material (sheet material) 20 is covered on the partition wall 14 so as to cover the entire 16 cavities 18, and a pressing plate 22 is placed thereon. The film material 20 constitutes a film-like sound absorbing material in each hollow portion, and is composed of an organic sheet such as a vinyl chloride film, a canvas, a rubber sheet, and the film thickness is about 0.5 to 2 mm. The holding plate 22 is made of a metal such as aluminum, plastic, wood or the like. The holding plate 22 has a cross-sectional shape that coincides with the partition wall 14, and is formed with an opening 18 a formed by the partition wall 14 and a series of openings 22 a. The partition wall 14 and the presser plate 22 are screwed from above into holes 24 (FIGS. 1 and 3) formed in each part of the upper end surface of the presser plate 22 (in this example, the vertical and horizontal intersections of the cross beam). Are inserted through the membrane material 20 and screwed into holes 28 (FIGS. 1 and 3) formed in the upper end surface of the partition wall 14. At this time, the membrane material 20 is firmly sandwiched and fixed between the partition wall 14 and the pressing plate 22. As a result, the opening 18a of each cavity 18 is closed by the film material 20 fixedly supported by the peripheral edge of the opening 18a. The membrane material 20 functions as a membrane-like sound absorbing material in each cavity 18 and exhibits a sound absorbing action by membrane vibration.

押さえ板２２の上には必要に応じてサランネット等の音響透過性クロス２７が装飾用に被せられる。またパネル体１６の板状部材１２の四隅にはこの吸音体１０を室の壁面、天井等に固定する（板状部材１２の裏面を壁面、天井面等に当接させた状態に固定する）ためのねじを差し込む穴２９が形成されている。   If necessary, an acoustically permeable cloth 27 such as a saran net is covered on the presser plate 22 for decoration. Further, the sound absorber 10 is fixed to the wall surface, ceiling, etc. of the room at the four corners of the plate-like member 12 of the panel body 16 (the back surface of the plate-like member 12 is fixed in contact with the wall surface, ceiling surface, etc.). A hole 29 for inserting a screw for the purpose is formed.

膜材２０には予め各開口部１８ａの１つの隅部に対応する位置に適宜の膜厚の片２８が接着等により貼り合わされている。片２８は膜材２０と同じ塩ビフィルム、カンバス、ゴムシート等の有機シートによる可撓性の膜材またはその他の材料による板材で構成される。可撓性の膜材を使用すると膜材２０の振動に対する阻害量を極力低減できる。膜材２０と各片２８とが積層された領域にはこの積層部分を貫通する共鳴穴３０がそれぞれ形成されている。各空洞１８は共鳴穴３０を介して外気に連通する。これにより各空洞１８は共鳴穴３０を通してヘルムホルツ共鳴を生じ、ヘルムホルツ共鳴による吸音作用を奏する。   A piece 28 having an appropriate film thickness is bonded to the film material 20 in advance at a position corresponding to one corner of each opening 18a. The piece 28 is composed of a flexible film material made of an organic sheet such as a vinyl chloride film, a canvas, a rubber sheet or the like, or a plate material made of other materials. When a flexible membrane material is used, the amount of inhibition of vibration of the membrane material 20 can be reduced as much as possible. In the region where the film material 20 and each piece 28 are laminated, a resonance hole 30 penetrating the laminated portion is formed. Each cavity 18 communicates with the outside air through a resonance hole 30. As a result, each cavity 18 generates Helmholtz resonance through the resonance hole 30 and exhibits a sound absorbing action by Helmholtz resonance.

吸音体１０の１つの空洞部分の構造を図１に拡大して示す。（ａ）は平面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）のＢ−Ｂ矢視断面図である。（ａ）において共鳴穴３０は、開口部１８ａにおける膜状吸音材２０の横方向の固定端３２から膜状吸音材２０の面の横の長さＬ１の２０％の範囲内の領域Ｓ１、あるいは膜状吸音材２０の縦方向の固定端３４から膜状吸音材２０の面の縦の長さＬ２の２０％の範囲内の領域Ｓ２に形成される。この例では共鳴穴３０をＳ１かつＳ２の領域Ｓ１＊Ｓ２に形成している。この領域Ｓ１＊Ｓ２は平面矩形状の膜状吸音材２０の隅部であり、音波による変位が最も生じにくい領域であるので、膜状吸音材２０の膜振動を特に阻害しにくくなる。また膜材２０と片２８を貼り合わせた領域は膜材２０のみの領域よりも変位しにくくなるので、この貼り合わせた領域も領域Ｓ１，Ｓ２のいずれかまたは領域Ｓ１＊Ｓ２内に収めて配置するのが望ましい。この例ではこの貼り合わせた領域を領域Ｓ１＊Ｓ２内に収めて配置している。   The structure of one hollow portion of the sound absorber 10 is shown in an enlarged manner in FIG. (A) is a top view, (b) is BB arrow sectional drawing of (a). In (a), the resonance hole 30 is a region S1 within a range of 20% of the lateral length L1 of the surface of the film-like sound absorbing material 20 from the lateral fixed end 32 of the film-like sound absorbing material 20 in the opening 18a, or It is formed in a region S2 within a range of 20% of the vertical length L2 of the surface of the film-like sound absorbing material 20 from the fixed end 34 in the vertical direction of the film-like sound absorbing material 20. In this example, the resonance hole 30 is formed in the region S1 * S2 of S1 and S2. This region S1 * S2 is a corner of the planar rectangular film-shaped sound absorbing material 20, and is a region in which displacement due to sound waves is least likely to occur, so that it is particularly difficult to inhibit film vibration of the film-shaped sound absorbing material 20. In addition, since the region where the film material 20 and the piece 28 are bonded together is less likely to be displaced than the region where only the film material 20 is present, this bonded region is also placed in one of the regions S1 and S2 or within the region S1 * S2. It is desirable to do. In this example, the bonded area is placed in the area S1 * S2.

図１（ｂ）において、膜状吸音材２０の膜振動による共振周波数は膜状吸音材２０の背後空気層（空洞１８）の層厚ｄ１あるいは膜状吸音材２０の膜厚ｄ２で調整できる。すなわち背後空気層１８の層厚ｄ１を厚くしあるいは膜状吸音材２０の膜厚ｄ２を厚くすることにより共振周波数は低くなり、背後空気層１８の層厚ｄ１を薄くしあるいは膜状吸音材２０の膜厚ｄ２を薄くすることにより共振周波数は高くなる。   In FIG. 1B, the resonance frequency due to the membrane vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material 20 can be adjusted by the layer thickness d1 of the air layer (cavity 18) behind the film-like sound absorbing material 20 or the film thickness d2 of the film-like sound absorbing material 20. That is, by increasing the layer thickness d1 of the back air layer 18 or increasing the film thickness d2 of the film-like sound absorbing material 20, the resonance frequency is lowered, and the layer thickness d1 of the back air layer 18 is made thin or the film-like sound absorbing material 20 is used. The resonance frequency is increased by reducing the film thickness d2.

一方、ヘルムホルツ共鳴周波数ｆresは次式で与えられる。

ｆres＝（Ｃ／２π）・｛Ｓ／（ｌ・Ｖ）｝1/2
但し、Ｃ：音速
Ｓ：共鳴穴３０の軸直角方向の断面積
ｌ：共鳴穴３０の軸方向長さ（開口端補正した値）
Ｖ：空洞１８の容積

これによれば、背後空気層１８の層厚ｄ１（つまり空洞１８の容積）および膜状吸音材２０の膜厚ｄ２が決められた条件の下では、ヘルムホルツ共鳴周波数は共鳴穴３０の軸方向の長さと軸直角方向の断面積で調整できることがわかる。すなわち共鳴穴３０の軸方向の長さを長くしあるいは軸直角方向の断面積を小さくすれば共鳴周波数は低くなり、共鳴穴３０の軸方向の長さを短くしあるいは軸直角方向の断面積を大きくすれば共鳴周波数は高くなる。この例では共鳴穴３０の軸方向の長さは膜状吸音材２０の膜厚ｄ２と片２８の膜厚ｄ３の加算値ｄ２＋ｄ３で与えられるから、膜状吸音材２０の膜厚ｄ２が決められた条件の下では片２８の膜厚ｄ３と共鳴穴３０の軸直角方向の断面積によりヘルムホルツ共鳴周波数を調整することができる。すなわち片２８の膜厚ｄ３についていえば、膜厚ｄ３を厚くすれば共鳴穴３０の軸方向の長さが長くなるからヘルムホルツ共鳴周波数は低くなり、膜厚ｄ３を薄くすれば共鳴穴３０の軸方向の長さが短くなるからヘルムホルツ共鳴周波数は高くなる。 On the other hand, the Helmholtz resonance frequency f res is given by the following equation.

f res = (C / 2π) · {S / (l · V)} 1/2
Where C: speed of sound
S: sectional area of the resonance hole 30 in the direction perpendicular to the axis
l: Length in the axial direction of the resonance hole 30 (value corrected for the opening end)
V: Volume of the cavity 18

According to this, the Helmholtz resonance frequency is in the axial direction of the resonance hole 30 under the conditions in which the layer thickness d1 of the back air layer 18 (that is, the volume of the cavity 18) and the film thickness d2 of the film-like sound absorbing material 20 are determined. It can be seen that the length and the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis can be adjusted. That is, if the axial length of the resonance hole 30 is increased or the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the axis is reduced, the resonance frequency is lowered, and the axial length of the resonance hole 30 is shortened or the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the axis is increased. The resonance frequency increases as the value increases. In this example, the axial length of the resonance hole 30 is given by the added value d2 + d3 of the film thickness d2 of the film-like sound absorbing material 20 and the film thickness d3 of the piece 28, so the film thickness d2 of the film-like sound absorbing material 20 is determined. Under the above conditions, the Helmholtz resonance frequency can be adjusted by the film thickness d3 of the piece 28 and the cross-sectional area of the resonance hole 30 in the direction perpendicular to the axis. That is, regarding the film thickness d3 of the piece 28, if the film thickness d3 is increased, the axial length of the resonance hole 30 is increased, so that the Helmholtz resonance frequency is decreased. The Helmholtz resonance frequency increases because the length in the direction becomes shorter.

膜状吸音材２０が通常レベルの音波を受けたときの振動動作を図４に模式的に示す。点線は振動の中立位置の状態、実線は振動の振幅の端部位置の状態である。これによれば膜状吸音材２０の振動による屈曲は膜状吸音材２０の周縁部の固定端３２（３４）から膜状吸音材２０の面の寸法Ｌ１（Ｌ２）の１０〜１５％内側（中心側）に寄った所から始まり、それよりも外周側の領域は固定端３２（３４）に近いためほとんど変位していない。共鳴穴３０はこのほとんど変位しない領域に形成されているので、膜状吸音材２０の振動にほとんど影響しない。したがって共鳴穴３０がない場合と同等の膜振動が得られ、膜振動による高い吸音効果が得られる。また共鳴穴３０は膜状吸音材２０の振動にほとんど影響しないので、膜振動による吸音効果とヘルムホルツ共鳴による吸音効果を容易に予測することができ、吸音体１０の設計を容易に行える。   FIG. 4 schematically shows a vibration operation when the film-shaped sound absorbing material 20 receives a normal level of sound waves. The dotted line is the state of the neutral position of the vibration, and the solid line is the state of the end position of the vibration amplitude. According to this, the bending due to the vibration of the film-shaped sound absorbing material 20 is 10% to 15% of the dimension L1 (L2) of the surface of the film-shaped sound absorbing material 20 from the fixed end 32 (34) of the peripheral edge of the film-shaped sound absorbing material 20 ( The area starting from the center side is closer to the fixed end 32 (34) and the outer peripheral area is hardly displaced. Since the resonance hole 30 is formed in this hardly displaced region, it hardly affects the vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material 20. Therefore, a membrane vibration equivalent to the case without the resonance hole 30 is obtained, and a high sound absorption effect by the membrane vibration is obtained. Further, since the resonance hole 30 hardly affects the vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material 20, the sound absorption effect due to the film vibration and the sound absorption effect due to the Helmholtz resonance can be easily predicted, and the sound absorber 10 can be easily designed.

図１の１つの空洞部分による吸音率特性を図５に示す。Ａは膜状吸音材２０の膜振動による特性、Ｂはヘルムホルツ共鳴による特性、Ｃは両特性を合わせた吸音体１０全体の特性である。膜振動による特性Ａは共振周波数ｆ１（一次共振周波数），ｆ２（二次共振周波数）で比較的鋭いピークを持ち、最大吸音率も大きい。ピーク以外の周波数では吸音率は急激に小さくなる。そこでヘルムホルツ共鳴の基本共鳴周波数ｆ３を膜振動による一次、二次共振周波数ｆ１，ｆ２の中間の周波数に調整する。これにより全体の特性Ｃは、膜振動による特性Ａの一次、二次共振周波数ｆ１，ｆ２間を補間して広帯域で吸音効果が得られる特性となる。   FIG. 5 shows the sound absorption coefficient characteristic of one hollow portion in FIG. A is a characteristic due to membrane vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material 20, B is a characteristic due to Helmholtz resonance, and C is a characteristic of the entire sound absorber 10 that combines both characteristics. The characteristic A due to membrane vibration has relatively sharp peaks at the resonance frequencies f1 (primary resonance frequency) and f2 (secondary resonance frequency), and the maximum sound absorption coefficient is also large. At frequencies other than the peak, the sound absorption rate decreases rapidly. Therefore, the fundamental resonance frequency f3 of the Helmholtz resonance is adjusted to an intermediate frequency between the primary and secondary resonance frequencies f1 and f2 due to the membrane vibration. As a result, the overall characteristic C becomes a characteristic in which a sound absorption effect is obtained in a wide band by interpolating between the primary and secondary resonance frequencies f1 and f2 of the characteristic A due to membrane vibration.

《実施例》
図１に示す吸音体１０の１つの空洞部分の各部の寸法の設計例を以下に示す。この設計例では膜状吸音材２０および片２８は同一膜厚の塩ビフィルム等で構成できる。

膜状吸音材２０の面の横、縦の長さ（Ｌ１，Ｌ２）：各１００ｍｍ
背後空気層１８の容積：３×１０-4ｍ3
背後空気層１８の層厚（ｄ１）：３ｃｍ
膜状吸音材２０の膜厚（ｄ２）：０．８ｍｍ
片２８の膜厚（ｄ３）：０．８ｍｍ
固定端３２，３４から共鳴穴３０の中心までの距離：１５ｍｍ
共鳴穴３０の直径：５ｍｍ
共鳴穴３０の軸方向の長さ（ｄ２＋ｄ３）：１．６ｍｍ "Example"
A design example of the size of each part of one hollow portion of the sound absorber 10 shown in FIG. 1 is shown below. In this design example, the film-like sound-absorbing material 20 and the piece 28 can be made of a vinyl chloride film having the same film thickness.

Horizontal and vertical lengths (L1, L2) of the surface of the film-like sound absorbing material 20: 100 mm each
Volume of the back air layer 18: 3 × 10 −4 m 3
Layer thickness (d1) of the back air layer 18: 3 cm
Film thickness (d2) of the film-shaped sound absorbing material 20: 0.8 mm
Film thickness (d3) of piece 28: 0.8 mm
Distance from fixed ends 32 and 34 to the center of resonance hole 30: 15 mm
Resonance hole 30 diameter: 5 mm
Axial length of resonance hole 30 (d2 + d3): 1.6 mm

上記設計例によれば図５の特性図において膜状吸音材２０の膜振動による吸音率のピークは一次共振周波数ｆ１が２４０Ｈｚ付近、二次共振周波数ｆ２が４８０Ｈｚ付近に生じる。このとき３５０Ｈｚ付近は吸音ピークの間となるため、吸音率が小さい周波数域となる。一方ヘルムホルツ共鳴による基本共鳴周波数ｆ３は３４６Ｈｚとなり、膜振動による吸音ピークの間を埋めることができる。因みにヘルムホルツ共鳴周波数は共鳴穴３０の軸方向の長さ（ｄ２＋ｄ３）に応じて次のように変化する。

ｄ２＋ｄ３（ｍｍ） 共鳴周波数（Ｈｚ）
０．７ ５２２
１．０ ４３７
１．４ ３６９
１．６ ３４６
１．８ ３２６
４．２ ２１３ According to the above design example, in the characteristic diagram of FIG. 5, the peak of the sound absorption coefficient due to the membrane vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material 20 occurs near the primary resonance frequency f1 of 240 Hz and the secondary resonance frequency f2 of around 480 Hz. At this time, since the vicinity of 350 Hz is between the sound absorption peaks, the frequency range has a small sound absorption rate. On the other hand, the fundamental resonance frequency f3 due to Helmholtz resonance is 346 Hz, and it is possible to fill between the sound absorption peaks due to membrane vibration. Incidentally, the Helmholtz resonance frequency changes as follows according to the axial length (d2 + d3) of the resonance hole 30.

d2 + d3 (mm) Resonance frequency (Hz)
0.7 522
1.0 437
1.4 369
1.6 346
1.8 326
4.2 213

なお前記実施の形態では吸音体１０は各空洞部分の構造を共通にしたが、各空洞部分ごとに背後空気層１８の層厚あるいは膜状吸音材２０の膜厚等を異ならせることにより空洞部分ごとに膜振動の共振周波数を異ならせたり、各空洞部分ごとに共鳴穴３０の直径や軸方向の長さ（片２８の膜厚）を異ならせることにより空洞部分ごとにヘルムホルツ共鳴周波数を異ならせることもできる。また前記実施の形態では各空洞の膜状吸音材の平面形状を矩形としたが、これに限らず矩形以外の角形その他様々な平面形状に形成することができる。また前記実施の形態では１枚の連続した膜材２０を用いて個々の空洞部分の膜状吸音材２０を構成したが、空洞部分ごとに独立した膜材で膜状吸音材を構成することもできる。また前記実施の形態では後壁を板状部材１２で構成したが、板状部材１２をなくして空洞１８の背部を開口させて、吸音体１０を該背部側が室の壁面、天井面等に当接した状態で固定することにより背部を室の壁面、天井面等で塞ぐようにすることもできる。この場合は室の壁面、天井等が空洞の背部を閉じる後壁を構成する。また前記実施の形態では１つの空洞につき１つの共鳴穴を形成したが、これに限らず１つの空洞につき複数の共鳴穴を形成することもできる。また前記実施の形態ではヘルムホルツ共鳴の基本共鳴周波数を膜振動による一次、二次共振周波数の中間の周波数に設定したが、該基本共鳴周波数を膜振動による二次共振周波数よりも高い周波数あるいはあるいは膜振動による一次共振周波数よりも低い周波数に設定することもできる。また前記実施の形態では吸音体を複数の空洞を配列した場合について説明したが、この発明は単一の空洞を有する吸音体として構成することもできる。   In the above-described embodiment, the sound absorber 10 has a common structure of each cavity portion. However, the cavity portion can be obtained by changing the thickness of the back air layer 18 or the film-like sound absorbing material 20 for each cavity portion. The Helmholtz resonance frequency is varied for each cavity portion by varying the resonance frequency of the membrane vibration for each cavity portion or by varying the diameter of the resonance hole 30 and the axial length (film thickness of the piece 28) for each cavity portion. You can also. Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the planar shape of the film-form sound-absorbing material of each cavity was made into a rectangle, it is not restricted to this, It can form in other square shapes other than a rectangle. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the film-like sound absorbing material 20 of each hollow portion is configured by using one continuous film material 20, but the film-shaped sound absorbing material may be configured by an independent film material for each hollow portion. it can. In the above embodiment, the rear wall is constituted by the plate-like member 12, but the plate-like member 12 is eliminated and the back portion of the cavity 18 is opened so that the sound absorber 10 contacts the wall surface of the room, the ceiling surface, etc. By fixing in a contact state, the back portion can be closed with a wall surface, a ceiling surface, or the like of the room. In this case, the wall of the room, the ceiling, etc. constitute the rear wall that closes the back of the cavity. In the embodiment, one resonance hole is formed for one cavity. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of resonance holes can be formed for one cavity. In the above embodiment, the basic resonance frequency of Helmholtz resonance is set to a frequency intermediate between the primary and secondary resonance frequencies due to the membrane vibration. However, the fundamental resonance frequency is higher than the secondary resonance frequency due to the membrane vibration or the membrane resonance frequency. It can also be set to a frequency lower than the primary resonance frequency due to vibration. Moreover, although the said embodiment demonstrated the case where the sound absorption body arranged the several cavity, this invention can also be comprised as a sound absorption body which has a single cavity.

図２の吸音体の１つの空洞部分の構造を拡大して示す平面図および断面図である。It is the top view and sectional drawing which expand and show the structure of one hollow part of the sound-absorbing body of FIG. この発明による吸音体の実施の形態を示す正面図および断面図である。It is the front view and sectional drawing which show embodiment of the sound-absorbing body by this invention. 図２の吸音体の分解斜視図である。FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the sound absorber shown in FIG. 2. 図１の１つの空洞の膜状吸音材が通常レベルの音波を受けたときの振動動作を模式的に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows typically the vibration operation | movement when the film-form sound-absorbing material of one cavity of FIG. 1 receives the sound wave of a normal level. 図１の１つの空洞部分による吸音率特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the sound absorption coefficient characteristic by one hollow part of FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０…吸音体、１２…後壁、１４…区画壁、１８…空洞（背後空気層）、１８ａ…開口部、２０…膜材（膜状吸音材）、２８…片、３０…共鳴穴、３２，３４…膜状吸音材固定端   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Sound-absorbing body, 12 ... Rear wall, 14 ... Partition wall, 18 ... Cavity (back air layer), 18a ... Opening, 20 ... Membrane material (film-like sound absorbing material), 28 ... Piece, 30 ... Resonance hole, 32 , 34 ... Membrane sound absorbing material fixed end

Claims (6)

開口部を有する空洞と、
前記開口部を塞ぐ膜状吸音材とを具備し、
前記膜状吸音材は前記開口部の周縁部に固定支持され、
前記膜状吸音材の、前記開口部の周縁部の固定端から該膜状吸音材の面の寸法の２０％の範囲内の領域に限り、前記空洞との組み合わせによりヘルムホルツ共鳴を生じる共鳴穴を形成してなり、
前記膜状吸音材の膜振動による吸音作用と前記ヘルムホルツ共鳴による吸音作用を併せて奏する吸音体。 A cavity having an opening;
A film-like sound absorbing material that closes the opening,
The film-like sound absorbing material is fixedly supported on the peripheral edge of the opening,
Resonance holes that generate Helmholtz resonance in combination with the cavity are limited to a region within 20% of the dimension of the surface of the film-shaped sound absorbing material from the fixed end of the peripheral edge of the opening of the film-shaped sound absorbing material. Formed,
A sound absorber that combines the sound absorbing action by the membrane vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material and the sound absorbing action by the Helmholtz resonance. 平面状に配列され区画壁で相互に仕切られた複数の空洞を有し、
前記各空洞は背部が後壁で閉じられ前部が開口部を形成し、
前記各開口部は膜状吸音材でそれぞれ塞がれ、
前記各膜状吸音材は前記開口部の周縁部にそれぞれ固定支持され、
前記各膜状吸音材の、前記開口部の周縁部の固定端から該膜状吸音材の面の寸法の２０％の範囲内の領域に限り、前記空洞との組み合わせによりヘルムホルツ共鳴を生じる共鳴穴をそれぞれ形成してなり、
前記膜状吸音材の膜振動による吸音作用と前記ヘルムホルツ共鳴による吸音作用を併せて奏する吸音体。 A plurality of cavities arranged in a plane and partitioned from each other by partition walls;
Each of the cavities is closed at the back by the rear wall and the front forms an opening,
Each of the openings is closed with a film-like sound absorbing material,
Each of the film-like sound absorbing materials is fixedly supported on the peripheral edge of the opening,
Resonance holes that generate Helmholtz resonance in combination with the cavity only in a region within 20% of the dimension of the surface of the film-like sound absorbing material from the fixed end of the peripheral edge of the opening of each film-like sound absorbing material Each formed,
A sound absorber that combines the sound absorbing action by the membrane vibration of the film-like sound absorbing material and the sound absorbing action by the Helmholtz resonance. 前記膜状吸音材の平面形状が角形であり、前記共鳴穴が該角形の隅部に形成されている請求項１または２記載の吸音体。   The sound absorber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the planar shape of the film-like sound absorbing material is a square, and the resonance hole is formed at a corner of the square. 前記ヘルムホルツ共鳴の共鳴周波数を前記膜状吸音材の一次共振周波数と二次共振周波数の間に設定してなる請求項１から３のいずれか１つに２記載の吸音体。   The sound absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a resonance frequency of the Helmholtz resonance is set between a primary resonance frequency and a secondary resonance frequency of the film-like sound absorbing material. 前記膜状吸音材の前記共鳴穴を形成する箇所の膜厚を該膜状吸音材の中央部を含む振動動作の主要部の膜厚と異ならせてなる請求項１から４のいずれか１つに記載の吸音体。   The film thickness of the part which forms the said resonance hole of the said film-form sound-absorbing material is made different from the film thickness of the main part of the vibration operation | movement including the center part of this film-form sound-absorbent material. The sound absorber described in 1. 前記膜状吸音材の前記共鳴穴を形成する箇所に別途膜材または板材による片を貼り合わせ、該膜状吸音材および該片を貫通して前記共鳴穴を形成してなる請求項５記載の吸音体。   6. The resonance hole is formed by separately attaching a piece made of a film material or a plate material to a position where the resonance hole of the film-like sound absorbing material is formed, and penetrating the film-like sound absorbing material and the piece. Sound absorber.
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