JP2009137799A - Composting process of organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composting process of livestock feces or organic waste containing live stock feces, by which acidic state continues through out the process and generation of odor is much reduced compared to that by a conventional process. <P>SOLUTION: Fungus seed A of 30 kg with 4.9 pH originated from kitchen garbage is added with 5 tons of barks, 100 kg of jelly sweets and 600 kg of bread crumbs, left for 10 days and slashed for several times, to prepare fungus seed B. A large size open lane is used. At the end side of the entrance, 10 tons of livestock feces, 10 tons of kitchen waste, 5 tons of barks, 1.5 tons of fungus seeds and 0.5 tons of returned compost are charged. On the open lane, a stirring means is operated for 2 reciprocations a day, and, by an air circulation means at the bottom part of the above means, 100 l per minute of aeration is performed for 1 m<SP>3</SP>of the material to be treated. The material is gradually transferred to the exit side and meanwhile decomposed by activities of microbes. The high temperature of 65-83°C is generated. The material is kept to be in acidic and the odor is kept minimum giving no discomfort. Composting is completed in 25 days. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a composting process of livestock manure-containing organic waste for converting livestock feces or organic waste containing the compost into compost, which can be carried out in a large open lane composting facility, and the resulting compost is acidic ( The present invention relates to a composting process for organic waste, which exhibits a pH of 4 to 7) and has a significantly lower generation of malodor during the composting process than in the past.

  In Japan, large amounts of food waste and livestock excretion are discharged every year from households, restaurants, poultry farms, pig farms, or dairy farmers. These wastes are also recyclable organic resources, and in fact a significant amount is used as raw material for compost.

  Odor generation is a problem when composting these organic wastes. In particular, composting of organic waste mainly consisting of livestock manure proceeds from weakly alkaline to alkaline (pH 8 to 10), and in the process, it produces a foul odor due to generation of ammonia, lower fatty acids, mercaptans, indole compounds, and the like. The control becomes more difficult as the scale of processing increases. Especially in large open lane composting facilities with a daily throughput of 20 to 30 tons, when the composting process falls into a bad odor, it takes a long time to recover. And problems such as the generation of pests will cause great distress to those involved in the work, and will also have a great negative effect on the surrounding air environment.

  There is a proposal of Patent Document 1 in the field of composting organic waste with less odor generation. After assembling and compacting soil in an assembling type concrete composting machine, digging a hole, adding fishery residues, adding lactic acid bacteria, then mixing these, covering the soil, blocking the air and performing anaerobic fermentation Furthermore, it is a soil-embedded soil composting method for aquatic residues that are composted by generating aerobic fermentation by turning back after mixing with soil without generating malodor.

  As another composting process with less odor generation, the organic waste composting method of Patent Document 2 for treating garbage is proposed and has already been put into practical use. Particularly in the composting process that has been put to practical use, a substrate containing sulfolobas bacteria, alicyclobacillus bacteria, or lactic acid bacteria is mixed with garbage, stirred and brought into contact with air, and continuously at 50 ° C or higher. The process of heating is performed.

  While composting proceeds with weak alkalinity in normal garbage treatment, the composting process described above is characterized by a weak acidity (pH 4 to 7), which is characterized by little odor generation. The relationship is pointed out. It has been clarified that a microflora mainly composed of lactic acid bacteria is formed in the process of composting, and it is considered that this garbage treatment process is stably maintained.

  However, in order to implement this composting process, stirring and heating by electric drive or the like are indispensable, and the composting process has been limited to a relatively small device (up to a processing capacity of about 500 kg) equipped with a heating device and a stirring device. Although this composting process is useful for composting food waste, it is difficult to apply it to composting livestock manure or organic waste mainly composed of it because of the generation of malodor and process stability. In particular, it was not applicable at all to a large open lane composting facility that does not include a heating device.

JP 2004-299949 A Japanese Patent No. 3592174

  The present invention is a composting process of livestock manure or organic waste containing the same, the treatment process is acidic, and a large open lane composting process in which the generation of odor is much less than the conventional methods, for example, The problem to be solved is to provide a composting process that can be applied to a daily throughput of about 25 tons.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, livestock excrement or organic waste containing the same is introduced into the inlet side end portion of the open lane and treated with microorganisms while being stirred and transferred toward the outlet side end portion of the open lane. In the composting process of organic waste containing livestock manure that completes the treatment at the edge,
When introducing livestock excrement or organic waste containing the same into the inlet side end, compost derived from garbage having a pH in the range of 4 to 7, with an appropriate amount of bark and sugar alone or in any combination This is an organic waste composting process in which acidic compost-like inoculum obtained by adding in 4 to 10 days and then allowing to stand simultaneously is added.

  2 of the present invention is the organic waste composting process according to 1 of the present invention, in which the garbage and the substrate carrying acidophilic microorganisms are mixed and stirred as the compost originating from the garbage. It was made by bringing it into contact with air and heating it continuously.

  In the composting process of the organic waste according to 2 of the present invention, 3 of the present invention includes, as the acidophilic microorganisms, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ATCC49426, Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis JCM11817, It employs bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria.

  4 of the present invention is the process for composting organic waste according to 1, 2 or 3 of the present invention, wherein the acidic compost-like inoculum is treated as 3 with respect to the animal manure or the organic waste containing the same. It is to be introduced at a rate of ˜15%.

  In the composting process of the organic waste according to 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the present invention, 5 of the present invention is a case where animal dung or an organic waste containing the same is introduced into the inlet side end. In addition, the return compost is introduced together with the acidic compost inoculum.

  6 of the present invention is the organic waste composting process of claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, except when the livestock dung or the organic waste containing the same is charged and when the treatment is completed. Thus, the temperature of the object to be processed is controlled to be kept at 65 ° C. or higher.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, in the composting process of the organic waste according to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth aspect of the present invention, a ventilation means is disposed at the bottom of the open lane, and the ventilation by the ventilation means. The amount is set to 50 to 300 liters per minute per 1 m ^{3 of the} object to be processed.

  The organic waste composting process according to the first aspect of the present invention uses a large open lane composting facility, and feeds livestock excrement or organic waste containing the same at the end of the open lane. However, at the end of the entrance side, together with the organic waste, etc., the above-mentioned acidic compost-like inoculum is introduced, and properly agitated to introduce air therein to promote good aerobic fermentation. However, it is sent to the exit end of the open lane.

  Therefore, the processed material such as animal manure is kept in an acidic state throughout the treatment process, and also becomes high temperature due to the introduction of the good air as described above, and various miscellaneous bacteria and roundworm eggs in the treatment process of such acidic and high temperature. In addition, it is possible to effectively kill or inactivate rodents or eggs of moths, and to remove various harmful effects caused by the decay of the object to be treated or the occurrence of sanitary pests. Further, as described above, the treatment process is maintained in an acidic state until the end, and the pH of the finally obtained compost is in the range of 4 to 7, and in addition, the odor is generated through the treatment process. As a result, the worker can be freed from a great deal of distress due to the generation of a bad odor, and the adverse effect on the surrounding air environment can be avoided.

  According to the organic waste composting process of 2 of the present invention, since it was created in an appropriate treatment process as the above-mentioned compost derived from garbage, an acidic compost-like inoculum with higher quality is surely created. By using this, it is possible to further reduce the generation of odor during the treatment process, and to guide the pH of the livestock excreta during treatment or the organic waste containing this and the compost obtained to be within the range of 4-7. become.

  According to the organic waste composting process of 3 of the present invention, since an appropriate microorganism is selected and used as the acidophilic microorganism, it is more suitable as the compost originating from the garbage. As in the case of 2 of the present invention, the generation of odor can be further reduced during the composting treatment, and the pH of the livestock excreta during treatment or the organic waste containing this and the resulting compost can be adjusted to 4-7. It will be possible to guide within the range.

  According to the organic waste composting process of 4 of the present invention, the acid compost-like inoculum is appropriately used without waste to reduce the generation of odor during the composting process, The organic waste containing this and the pH of the obtained compost can be led within the range of 4-7.

  According to the composting process of organic waste of 5 of the present invention, it is possible to adjust the state of livestock excrement to be input or the organic waste containing this to an appropriate state for subsequent microbial treatment. With this, the fermentation process can proceed satisfactorily while suppressing the generation of odor as much as possible and maintaining the pH of the object to be treated at 4-7.

  According to the organic waste composting process of 6 of the present invention, with the goal of maintaining the temperature of the processed material such as livestock dung or organic waste containing the same at 65 ° C. or higher, the processed material By adjusting the amount of aeration and the number of stirring treatments, the fermentation process can proceed well while suppressing the generation of odor as much as possible and maintaining the pH of the object to be treated at 4-7.

  According to the composting process of organic waste according to 7 of the present invention, fermentation of livestock excrement or processed material such as organic waste containing this proceeds well, generation of odor is suppressed, and processed material The pH of is maintained at 4-7.

  The organic waste composting process of the present invention uses a large open lane composting facility, and when introducing livestock excrement or organic waste containing the same at the inlet end of the open lane, An acidic compost inoculum (inoculum B) is mixed with this, and if necessary, the compost is further mixed with the compost, and the object to be treated is stirred and moved toward the outlet end of the open lane. The aerobic fermentation treatment is performed by microorganisms, and the treatment is completed before reaching the end on the outlet side.

  The open lane may be an open straight line and may be a single row, but a double row is convenient for supplying or receiving fermentation heat from adjacent lanes. It is desirable to install a rain-proof roof on the upper part of the open lane.

The floor is preferably provided with a ventilation means for supplying air to the object to be treated. When the ventilation means is arranged in this way, for example, it is convenient to set the ventilation rate to about 50 to 300 liters per minute per 1 m ³ of the workpiece. However, the amount of aeration should be adjusted depending on how much the agitation operation of the agitation means is performed. If the agitation operation is frequently performed, the aeration amount may be reduced or the agitation operation may be reduced. If not, it will be necessary to increase the air flow.

  Generally, a rotary type and a scoop type are provided as means for stirring and moving the object to be processed, but any of them can be adopted. Even if other means are employed, it is not inconvenient if the workpiece can be moved from the inlet side to the outlet side while stirring. It is appropriate to stir the material to be treated so that the temperature is kept at 65 ° C. or higher, except at the time of charging and at the time of completion of the treatment, and preferably it should be over 80 ° C.

  Note that, as described above, this agitation operation is also related to the aeration amount per unit time of the aeration means. As a result, both the aeration operation by the aeration means and the agitation transfer operation by the agitation means cause the object to be processed to be first. It should be possible to ensure the temperature described in (1).

  The inoculum B (acid compost inoculum) is prepared using compost originating from garbage (inoculum A) having a pH in the range of 4-7. Therefore, the preparation method of this inoculum A will be described.

  This inoculum A comprises raw materials and bases carrying acidophilic microorganisms (Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ATCC49426, Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis JCM11817), Bacillus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, etc. It can be prepared by mixing, stirring and bringing into contact with air, and further heating continuously. The inoculum A thus obtained is maintained in a pH range of 4 to 7 without being in an rancid state. Such a result is caused by the formation of a microflora mainly composed of lactic acid bacteria.

  As described above, the mixture of garbage and base material should be continuously heated while being stirred and brought into contact with air. Such treatment is performed using the following apparatus. Is appropriate.

  For example, a processing container for containing garbage and the base material, a stirring means for stirring the garbage and the base material placed in the processing container, a heating means for heating them, and the operation of the stirring means are controlled. And a garbage disposal apparatus comprising control means for controlling the heating operation of the heating means.

  The specific configuration of each part such as the processing vessel and the stirring means is free and is not limited to a specific one. In addition, since the said sulfolobas acid cardarius, Alicyclobacillus Sendaiensis, Bacillus genus bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria can grow in the temperature range of 30-80 degreeC, what is necessary is just to be in the range. . If it keeps in the range of 40-80 degreeC, the activity can be made still more active. It is preferable to keep the temperature in the range of 50 to 80 ° C. because the activity becomes more active.

  The inoculum B (acid compost inoculum) is prepared using the inoculum A thus prepared as described above. That is, the inoculum B can be prepared by mixing an appropriate amount of bark (bark pieces) and saccharides alone or in any combination in the inoculum A and leaving them for 4 to 10 days. It is preferable that the bark is passed through a sieve having an opening of about 50 mm, and only that which has passed through the sieve is used. Sugars include monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose, disaccharides such as sucrose and maltose, polysaccharides such as starch, or molasses, whey, waste sugar feed, honey, jelly, syrup, bread crumbs containing them. In addition, crushed and dehydrated vegetable scraps can be used.

  No special equipment is required for the treatment of the above mixture, but it is desirable to perform reversal as necessary during the period of standing for 4 to 10 days. Therefore, a mixing device having a stirring function may be used for processing the mixture. In that case, it is more desirable that a heating mechanism is provided for the processing so that the mixture can be maintained at an appropriate temperature.

  Of the animal waste or organic waste containing it, the animal waste is pig droppings, horse droppings, cow droppings, chicken droppings, etc. discharged from various livestock industries. Moreover, the organic waste containing this is an organic waste containing livestock dung like the said pig dung. Organic waste is various garbage. The garbage is, for example, animal or plant food residues discharged from various food factories, restaurants or various school lunch centers, or households.

  For example, in many cases, the cow dung alone has a bulk specific gravity that is too large. Therefore, it is appropriate to mix various organic wastes such as garbage. The organic waste is premised on containing any animal dung, but under the conditions, the organic waste can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. For example, when organic waste is garbage, in many cases it is not inconvenient in itself, but when it contains a lot of oily fries and meat, It is appropriate to add bark. In any case, the mixing mode can be variously determined in consideration of the quality of the compost obtained and the progress of the fermentation process.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the large-sized open lane composting facility is used, and the inoculum B and the necessary organic waste including the livestock dung or the organic waste containing the animal waste are provided at the entrance end of the open lane. Depending on the amount of the return compost to be included, the means for moving them while stirring, properly stirring and introducing air therein, while promoting good aerobic fermentation, the outlet side end of the open lane The necessary fermentation of the material to be treated can be completed while the generation of malodor is maintained at an extremely low level under acidic conditions until it reaches the end on the outlet side. Thus, according to the present invention, workers can be freed from a great deal of pain due to the generation of bad odors, and adverse effects on the surrounding air environment can be avoided.

  As described above, by adding the inoculum B to the livestock droppings put into the open lane or the organic waste containing it, the composting progresses acidic, and the generation of odor is significantly reduced. This is the greatest feature of the present invention. As described above, it has been common knowledge so far that a process in an open lane composting facility for livestock manure or organic waste containing the same proceeds from weakly alkaline to alkaline (pH 8 to 10). When the composting process is acidic, it is a so-called rancidity state in which the malodor is remarkably strong, and it has been considered that the composting process has failed. The organic waste composting process of the present invention is clearly different from those described above, and it breaks the conventional wisdom that composting is acidic (pH 4 to 7) and the generation of odor is extremely small.

First, inoculum A is produced using raw garbage as a raw material using a raw garbage processing apparatus.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, this garbage disposal apparatus is composed of a treatment tank 1, an agitation means 4 disposed inside the treatment tank 1, and a heating means 5 disposed on the outer bottom portion of the treatment tank 1. It is. The stirring means 4 is configured by arranging three stirring rods 3, 3, 3 at right angles to a horizontally disposed rotating shaft 2, and performs a stirring operation by rotating the rotating shaft 2. Various types of treatment tank 1 can be used from 30 liters to 1 kiloliter, but in this Example 1, 30 liters was used. The heating means 5 is a sheet-like electric heater that heats the inside of the processing tank 1 from the outer bottom.

  Alicyclobacillus Sendaiensis is cultured for 48 hours, and the culture is put into the treatment tank 1 of the garbage processing apparatus, and sawdust is added and mixed uniformly with the microbial base for producing the inoculum A. Made timber. Food waste is sorted out from the school lunch center (for school meals), and vegetable waste, cooked rice or noodles, fish or meat is adjusted to a ratio of 5: 5: 1 (weight ratio), and 11.5 kg Then, it was put into a microbial substrate in the treatment tank 1 of the garbage treatment apparatus, and the operation of the apparatus was started. In addition, the said garbage was thrown in after having measured as mentioned above, after fully cut | disconnecting water | moisture content previously using the colander-shaped container. The stirring means 4 of this garbage disposal apparatus was controlled to stop for about 24 minutes after the stirring operation continued for about 8 minutes, and to repeat forward and reverse rotation every 2 minutes during the stirring operation. The rotational speed of the rotary shaft 2 was controlled to 2 rpm. Moreover, the said heating means 5 controlled the inside of the said processing tank 1 to 60 degreeC vicinity by the control means which is not shown in figure. Thus, garbage was processed and the contents were taken out after two days, and the inoculum A was obtained. The inoculum A emitted a caramel-like odor, and its pH was 4.9.

  Next, inoculum B is produced. 30 kg of inoculum and 5 kg of bark, 100 kg of jelly confectionery and 600 kg of bread crumbs as sugars were mixed and left for 10 days. During this time, turning was performed several times. Ten days later, the treated product gave an alcoholic fermentation-like odor, and the pH of the obtained inoculum B was 4.8.

  Using a large open lane composting facility as outlined in FIG. 3, an organic waste composting process for composting livestock manure and food waste was carried out. The open lane 6 has a width of 7 m and a length of 90 m, and the height of the workpiece 7 in the open lane 6 is about 1.5 m. The open lane 6 is provided with a rotary stirring means 8, and a ventilation means 9 is arranged at the bottom of the open lane 6. The ventilation means 9 comprises a ventilation pipe 9a arranged at the bottom of the lane with a number of nozzles facing upward, and a blower means 9b for feeding air to the ventilation pipe 9a.

10 tons of livestock dung, 10 tons of garbage, 5 tons of bark, 1.5 tons of the inoculum B, and 0.5 tons of back compost were introduced into the inlet end 6a of the open lane 6 every day. The rotary type stirring means 8 was operated in two reciprocations per day, and the aeration means 9 aerated 100 liters per minute per 1 m ³ of the workpiece 7. It takes 25 days for the workpiece 7 to reach the outlet side end 6b from the inlet side end 6a, and 10 to 15 tons of acidic low-odor compost per day is obtained every day from the 25th day onwards. It was.

  The temperature of the workpiece 7 being processed in the open lane 6 is 20 cm from the surface of the workpiece 7 between the inlet side end 6a and the outlet side end 6b of the open lane 6. Measurement was performed by inserting to a depth. At the inlet end 6a of the open lane 6, the temperature becomes 65 ° C. or more after 30 minutes from the time when the workpiece 7 is put into the position, and within a short time after the operation of the rotary stirring means 8 is completed. The temperature was raised to 83 ° C. At a portion between the inlet side end portion 6a and the outlet side end portion 6b, the temperature was generally maintained at 65 ° C. or higher, and the temperature similarly increased after passing through the rotary type stirring means 8. As described above, the temperature of the workpiece 7 was generally maintained at 65 ° C. or higher until the vicinity of the outlet side end 6b, and decreased to about 30 ° C. when reaching the outlet side end 6b.

  The workpiece 7 was sampled between the inlet side end 6a and the outlet side end 6b, and each sample was suspended in 10 volumes of distilled water and allowed to stand. The pH of the supernatant of these suspensions was measured using a pH meter, and these were used as the pH of the object 7 to be treated. As a result, the pH of the workpiece 7 was between 4.3 and 6.5 from the inlet side end 6a to the outlet side end 6b.

  The odor was measured using a Calmore odor measuring device Calmore Σ. When the outdoor Σ value at which no odor is felt is 180, the Σ value measured at a distance of 10 cm from the workpiece 7 at the central portion of the open lane 6 (45 m from the inlet side end portion 6a) is 329, the exit The Σ value measured at a distance of 10 cm from the workpiece 7 at the side end 6b was 689, and the Σ value measured at a point 5 m away from the outlet side end 6b was 286. The Σ value measured in the office room where no odor was felt was 232, and the Σ value measured 1 m away from the lit cigarette in the room without wind was 1526. There were no sensually unpleasant odors in any part of the open lane 6.

<Discussion>
In the treatment process of the above examples, there was almost no odor that can be sensed sensuously. In the treatment process of livestock excrement, garbage, etc. in the open lane, it was possible to confirm by numerical values that the pH of these objects to be treated showed acidity, and the generation of odor was hardly worrisome. The temperature of the object to be treated was generally maintained at 65 ° C. or higher, and reached 83 ° C. at the maximum. In any case, there was no occurrence of sanitary pests such as flies during the implementation, but it seems that the sanitary pest eggs were killed or inactivated because the treatment proceeded at such a high temperature.

  Summarizing the above, in the composting process of livestock manure or organic waste containing this using a large open lane composting facility, the treated material remained acidic during the process and the odor It can be said that it was possible to provide a composting process for organic waste that is much less likely to occur than previous methods.

The partially notched front explanatory drawing of the garbage processing apparatus used for manufacture of the inoculum A of an Example. Side notch side explanatory drawing of the garbage processing apparatus used for manufacture of the inoculum A of an Example. Explanatory drawing of the open lane type composting equipment used in the Example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing tank 2 Rotating shaft 3 Stirring rod 4 Stirring means 5 Heating means 6 Open lane 7 Processed object 8 Rotary stirring means 9 Venting means 9a Venting pipe 9b Blower means 6a Inlet side end 6b Outlet side end

Claims (7)

Livestock dung or organic waste containing it is introduced into the inlet side end of the open lane, treated with microorganisms while stirring and moving toward the outlet side end of the open lane, and the treatment is completed at the outlet side end. In the composting process of organic waste containing livestock manure,
When introducing livestock excrement or organic waste containing the same into the inlet side end, compost derived from garbage having a pH in the range of 4 to 7, with an appropriate amount of bark and sugar alone or in any combination An organic waste composting process in which acidic compost-like inoculum obtained by adding for 4 to 10 days and allowing to stand at the same time is added simultaneously.   Claims adopted as the compost originated from the garbage, which is prepared by mixing the garbage and a substrate carrying acidophilic microorganisms, stirring and contacting the air, and further heating continuously. 1. Organic waste composting process.   The composting process of the organic waste according to claim 2, wherein Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (Succolobus acidocaldarius ATCC49426), Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis JCM11817, Bacillus genus bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria are used as the acidophilic microorganisms. .   The composting process of organic waste according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the acidic compost inoculum is introduced at a rate of 3 to 15% with respect to the animal manure or the organic waste containing the livestock dung. .   The organic matter according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein when the animal manure or the organic waste containing the same is introduced into the inlet side end portion, the return compost is introduced together with the acidic compost-like inoculum. Waste composting process.   2, 2, 3, 4, wherein the temperature of the object to be treated is controlled to be maintained at 65 ° C. or higher except when the animal waste or the organic waste containing the animal waste is charged and when the treatment is completed. Or 5 organic waste composting process A venting means is disposed at the bottom of the open lane, and the ventilation rate by the venting means is set to 50 to 300 liters per minute per 1 m ^{3 of the} workpiece. 6. Organic waste composting process.

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