KR100279644B1 - Fodder manufactured by fermenting sawdust and food waste and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention comprises the steps of collecting and pulverizing the food waste from which foreign matters have been removed; Adding microbial strain to sawdust and stirring; Mixing the ground food waste and sawdust; Fermenting aging the mixture mixed with the microbial strain in aeration; And formulating a fermented material into a feed form for easy chewing or feeding, wherein the blending weight ratio of the food waste and sawdust is 30:70 to 70:30 depending on the degree of wetting. To stop the decay of the feed material by adding and stirring the wood vinegar condensed steam generated during the charcoal immediately after the collection of food waste, the microbial strain added to the fermentation and ripening step is known high temperature aerobic 1 to 2 kg / t of aerobic microorganism selected from the group consisting of apoptosis, lactobacilus, fungi belonging to phycomycetes and yeast belonging to ascomycetes, and actinomycetes among fungi It is added in an amount and formulated after fermentation is carried out for 2 to 3 weeks under aeration conditions.

Description

Fodder manufactured by fermenting sawdust and food waste and manufacturing method thereof

The present invention relates to a feed prepared by fermenting sawdust and food waste, and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, by mixing sawdust, which is mainly composed of lignin, with food waste and adding microorganisms and small amounts of additives to ferment. It relates to a good quality feed and a method of manufacturing the same.

For example, on farms or ranches, such as cattle, pigs, horses, goats, rabbits, etc., or on farms or herds, especially those that collectively raise poultry such as chickens, ducks, geese, quails, etc., the feed of the livestock or poultry should always be as high Providing without disruption is of greatest concern, and prevention or treatment of various diseases becomes an essential task.

If the feed is not quantitatively smooth or poor in terms of nutritional value, the growth of livestock or poultry is poor and the resistance to diseases is low, especially in the event of illness. As a result, high quality feed and continued protection are of paramount concern.

However, the increase in feed and quarantine costs directly leads to a rise in livestock costs and the price change of livestock products is formed separately, sometimes eliminating the possibility that livestock producers will suffer serious economic impacts. You will not be able to.

On the other hand, the handling or disposal of food waste has become a serious problem with regard to environmental pollution to soil and water quality, and it is a global trend. In particular, even though the damage is enormous in Korea, no suitable solution has yet been proposed. For example, some solutions, such as diarrhea, such as dehydration of food waste and then fermentation, which are provided as feed, are limited to small-scale processing, and the cost is due to the excessive use of energy in the process. Has yet to be evaluated as a successful case.

Although food waste has great value in converting itself into money, it has not been able to find a successful application until now, and it has been a double source of waste because it requires enormous cost in disposal.

Indeed, any organic or mineral material that is thrown away at homes, restaurants, food processing plants, aquatic processing plants, slaughterhouses, etc., already has significant nutritional value in itself, and if its economic value is enhanced, it is indeed worth a huge sum. The fact is already known. If a high-quality feed can be manufactured and supplied from these materials, it will be a significant breakthrough in terms of national economy and industry, as well as in the dairy industry, which relies on large quantities of feed. It is of great economic value both in terms of the method used and in terms of the cost of administration.

In recent years, in view of this point, there have been numerous proposals for processing food waste and recycling it as feed or fertilizer.

For example, Patent Application No. 95-41065 (Nov. 13, 1995) puts rice bran, bread / sweets, etc. into fermented waste from processing fish or livestock, and puts food waste, food factory sludge, It has been disclosed a method of preparing organic feed by mixing meju, barley dregs, sterilization and dehydration at high temperature (100-600 ° C. hot air), breeding microorganisms for 3-4, and immobilizing them.

However, the method is difficult to apply to a wide range of food wastes in general, the use of solids from food wastes and dehydration is still a problem, and there is a precondition that foods must be classified. There are many complicated, inaccessible additives, and the use of energy, such as power, facilities or fuel, has a problem that the process cost increases.

In Patent Application 97-45977, only the classification process of food waste was excluded, but similar contents were proposed.

However, in the above methods, in the process of actual processing for producing feed using food waste, for example, food waste is decayed by anaerobic microorganisms, or the product is malnourished and unsuitable as feed, etc. In particular, in the selection of microorganisms which have a beneficial fermentation effect, or the conditions under which the microorganisms can create conditions for the desired fermentation, they have not been able to solve the various problems encountered, and have not achieved the desired results. Most of the time, it was important to try.

In addition, grazing and / or ruminant herbivores such as cows and goats, for example, need to maintain a certain level of satiety at all times. In general, food wastes do not contain the required amount of cellulose, so conventional feedstuffs prepared using the same have not been satisfied with the good feeding requirements of livestock.

In addition, according to the prior art, the additional process cost using high heat, etc. to prevent the corruption of the raw material, or various additives are used to reinforce the nutritional state of the material, which leads to an increase in manufacturing cost On the contrary, the cost burden was often increased.

That is, conventional feeds that have been tried or proposed in the art have problems of treatment cost and / or water pollution caused by dehydration in raw materials, and then effectively control the corruption of the raw materials. The fermentation and ripening process did not proceed with the desired fermentation, and even if a good feed was produced in part, this was not satisfactory in terms of cost and was only a small amount of small production. It was not applicable to industrial-level mass production that could actually be used.

Therefore, there is a continuing need for a successful method of mass production of low-cost, high-quality feeds that can utilize the enormous resources of food waste to eliminate environmental pollution and reduce the cost of disposal as waste. I have been.

In this regard, an object of the present invention is to provide a feed and a method of manufacturing the same, which can solve the problems not overcome in the related art as described above, and can mass-produce a high-quality feed having a low production cost and a simple process. .

As a result of intensive research through various experiments of the present inventors to achieve the above object, an effective means for preventing the decay of the raw materials of feed, that is, food waste, the effective selection and use of microorganisms in charge of fermentation, fermentation conditions By setting the period, etc., the above object is achieved, thus completing the present invention.

In the present application, the term "feed" is used to mean a mixed feed (TMR feed).

According to the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a high quality feed using food waste and sawdust as the main ingredients, and a feed produced by this method. The method of the present invention,

Mixing food waste and sawdust with debris removed;

Adding and stirring microbial strains;

Fermenting and maturing the mixture mixed with the microbial strains in aeration; And

Formulating the fermented material into a feed that is easy for chewing or feeding by livestock and poultry.

The food weight ratio of the food waste and sawdust is 30:70 to 70:30 depending on the degree of wetting, and the wood vinegar or its diluting liquid condensing steam generated during charcoal production is added immediately after collection of the food waste. The microorganism strain added to the fermentation and ripening step is a known strain, preferably hairs belonging to phycomycetes among thermophilic apobacteria, lactobacilus, and fungi. It is a high aerobic microorganism selected from the group consisting of yeast and actinomycetes belonging to fungi and ascomycetes. It is added in an amount of 1 to 2 kg / t and fermented for 2 to 3 weeks under aeration conditions.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a feed further comprising the step of adding 1 part by weight of ocher and a trace amount of charcoal powder in the mixing or stirring step of the method.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a feed further comprising the step of adding meat or fish waste, bone meal or fish meal to the mixing step of the raw material consisting of food waste and sawdust.

The food waste is pulverized immediately after collection so that relatively large chunks are present in a finely pulverized state. The composition of the food waste varies depending on the collection source. In general, the food waste has a characteristic of containing a lot of moisture in the food culture of the East Asian countries, including Korea. Despite the differences in the contents of the food waste, the method of the present invention can be used without limitation, and the ratio of carbohydrate source and protein source can be arbitrarily adjusted to provide a more nutrient balanced diet.

Moisture contained in a large amount, for example, 80% or more in the food waste, is prepared as a mixture containing water at least not flowing by mixing with sawdust having a relatively low moisture content.

As described above, the main ingredients used in the present invention are food waste and sawdust. The sawdust is made of lignin of wood, and is a by-product that is essentially generated during cutting and processing of wood in a logging or sawmill. Until now, it has been mainly used for firewood and other secondary uses.

The lignin, which is the main component of the sawdust, also has a structural formula similar to cellulose, and thus can be provided as a nutrient source to livestock and poultry through fermentation of aerobic high temperature microorganisms.

Livestock bred using the feed according to the present invention maintains the beneficial action of the beneficial microorganisms contained in the feed of the present invention, resulting in a phenomenon of enhancing resistance to disease and the degree of odor emitted from the manure of the animal is remarkable. Is alleviated. In addition, the manure can also be used as a good material for the organic compost, in terms of creating added value by recycling the economic losses of the disposal of food waste, and in terms of saving processing costs, active utilization of sawdust, By providing the above-mentioned high-quality feed to livestock and poultry, it is possible to greatly reduce the incidence of diseases in the breeding, and to provide odor removal and high-quality fertilizers peculiar to livestock farming. It will be improved in a way that is beneficial to human life.

Lignin in raw sawdust, such as terbin, tannin, resin, and phenol, which are harmful ingredients of sawdust, are decomposed during fermentation and various enzymes are present in the mixed feed that has been fermented, thus enhancing resistance to disease when livestock is fed as feed. It can be used or suited to improve the digestibility of livestock and maintain health.

In addition, when provided to herbivores in the fermented state, such as lignin may have an effect other than the above, which may provide a satiety to ruminants as described above as well as the nutrient source. Because it also plays a role.

The sawdust may be added with about 1% by weight of ocher and / or traces of charcoal powder prior to mixing with the food waste, which not only provide supplementary minerals but also promote fermentation of microorganisms in subsequent steps. It may also have a formal effect on livestock when fed, and may provide an advantage in facilitating the formulation of the feed.

On the other hand, the various food waste is already decayed from the collection stage by the action of autogenous anaerobic microorganisms. Therefore, after the separation and removal of the foreign matter from the collected food waste by a conventional method, there must be a treatment step for preventing such corruption, which is an important directly related to the success of the invention of the art.

Conventionally, in order to stop the decay, the sterilization treatment or other preservatives or sterilizers were used with high temperature hot air of about 600 to 700 ° C, but all of these methods were not effective due to the high temperature. Either it caused nutrient destruction and / or denaturation or preservatives / stericides made it impossible to proceed with the subsequent fermentation step.

In the method of the present invention, instead of performing a heating or hot air sterilization treatment and a general preservative treatment, so-called "wood grass liquor" has been used to solve the conventional double dimer.

The "wood vinegar" is produced by condensing the steam generated during the production of charcoal and is known as an acidic liquid containing various kinds of organic acids, especially since it has a strong bactericidal power against anaerobic or pathogenic bacteria, it is a crop of agricultural crops that have recently implemented organic methods. Use in the field of cultivation is effectively attempted. In addition, the wood vinegar has a property that does not affect the aerobic microorganism, and does not inhibit any fermentation fungi can be effectively used in the present invention.

In the present invention, it is possible to achieve a desired anti-corruption effect by adding a small amount of the wood vinegar or its diluent to the food waste in the state that the foreign matter is separated or removed or before or during the stirring step.

In addition, the food waste from which the decayed bacteria are removed is preferably blended at a volume ratio of about 70:30 to 30:70 in the mixing / stirring step with sawdust, but the blending ratio need not be limited.

The mixed / stirred mixture is added to the microbial strain that is fermenting and stirred for another 5 to 10 minutes. The microbial strain used in the present invention decomposes lignin tissue of sawdust by metabolizing with oxygen. Aerobic microorganisms that can be used are high temperature aerobic microorganisms that operate at temperatures of at least 40 ° C. and 45 ° C. to 60 ° C., which are provided to the mixture in the form of fungus.

The microorganism can be used without limitation any known microbial strain that can be used for high temperature aerobic fermentation, for example, a mixture of yeast, heat-resistant apococci and lactic acid bacteria (so-called "BYM food") may be used, In the present invention, as a preferred embodiment, three bacteria, three actinomycetes or soil microorganisms respectively collected from sawdust manure, bark compost, or thick rice straw were used. Examples of the microorganisms used may include lactobacilus, hair fungi belonging to phycomycetes in filamentous fungi, yeast belonging to ascomycetes, and actinomycetes.

Once the fermentation begins, the temperature of the mixture is increased by the fermentation heat as it progresses, and when the temperature reaches an average of 60 ° C. to 70 ° C., the mixing and inverting of the mixture is repeated to prevent the denaturation of the protein. This is to maintain ventilation and aerobic conditions. When the temperature of the mixture due to the fermentation heat reaches 60 ℃ to 70 ℃ all low temperature microorganisms operating below 20 ℃ and mesophilic microorganisms operating at 20 ℃ to 40 ℃ in addition to high temperature aerobic fungi will be killed. Since fungi and pathogenic fungi are applicable to this, as a result, only the microorganisms having a beneficial effect after the fermentation are present.

As a result of the fermentation of the microorganisms, not only food waste but also partial decomposition of lignin constituting sawdust occurs, such as terbin, tannin, resin, and phenol, which are harmful components of sawdust.

After starting the fermentation, the fermentation and ripening function are continued for 2 to 3 weeks while the inverting operation is continued as the temperature of the mixture continues to rise, and the desired feed substance is obtained, which is a conventional process, for example, pellets. It is then formulated into a form suitable for feeding by livestock and the like to complete the commercialization as a feed.

As described above, the present invention provides a method for mass-producing high-quality feed using food waste and sawdust, which are inexpensive raw materials, thereby establishing a foundation for stably providing low-quality feed to livestock farms. As a result, it provided a solid field to actively utilize food waste, which has been regarded as an economic loss, and solved the problem of disposal of food waste, which was a huge budget wasted and environmental problems. Presented. In addition, the livestock feed raised in the feed according to the present invention can be used as a high quality raw material for organic compost, it is expected to contribute to the field of organic farming.

Claims (3)

Collecting and pulverizing food waste from which foreign matters have been removed; Adding microbial strain to sawdust and stirring; Mixing and stirring the ground food waste with sawdust; Fermentatively aging the mixture mixed with the microbial strain in aeration; And formulating the fermented material into a feed form for easy chewing or feeding. The weight ratio of the food waste and sawdust is 30:70 to 70:30, depending on the degree of wetting without dehydration from the food waste, and the wood vinegar solution condensing steam generated during charcoal production is immediately after the collection step. Adding and pulverizing to stop the decay action, wherein the microbial strain added to the fermentation and ripening step is known to be known as aerobic fungi, lactic acid bacteria, hair fungi belonging to phycomycetes in filamentous fungi and yeast belonging to ascomycetes, And an aerobic microorganism selected from the group consisting of actinomycetes and in an amount of 1 to 2 kg / t and fermentation for 2 to 3 weeks under aeration conditions. The method of claim 1, wherein 1 part by weight of ocher and trace amounts of charcoal powder are added to the sawdust or in a mixing / stirring step. The method of producing a feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the meat, fish meal, bone meal or fish meal is added.