JP2009136883A - Joining method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a joining method capable of increasing the joining strength of a joined part of a pair of metallic members. <P>SOLUTION: The joining method includes a butting step of butting a first metallic member 1a to a second metallic member 1b, a first permanent joining step of performing the friction stir welding to a butted part J1 of a joined metallic member 1 formed by the first metallic member 1a and the second metallic member 1b from a surface side A, a second permanent joining step of performing the friction stir welding to the joined part J1 from a back side B, and a side permanent joining step of performing the friction stir welding to the joined part J1 from the side surface. A plasticized area W3 formed in the side permanent joining step and plasticized areas W1, W2 formed by the first permanent joining step and the second permanent joining step are superposed on each other, and the extension distance of plane line shapes L1, L2, L3 of the butted part J1 of the side surface of the joined metallic member 1 is larger than the length of the thickness 1h of the joined part J1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for joining metal members using friction stirring.

  Friction stir welding (FSW = Friction Stir Welding) is known as a method for joining metal members. Friction stir welding is a process of rotating a rotating tool along the abutting portion between metal members, and plastically flowing the metal at the abutting portion by frictional heat between the rotating tool and the metal member, so that the metal members are solid-phased. It is what is joined. In general, the rotating tool is formed by protruding a stirring pin (probe) on the lower end surface of a cylindrical shoulder portion.

14 and 15 are perspective views showing a conventional joining method in which friction stir welding is performed on a pair of metal members. As shown in FIG. 14, when the thickness of the metal members 101, 101 to be joined is larger than the length of the stirring pin of the rotating tool (not shown), after the friction stir welding is performed from the surface 102 side of the metal member 101. In some cases, friction stir welding is also performed from the back surface 103 side.
That is, in the conventional joining method, the friction stir welding is performed from both sides of the front surface 102 and the back surface 103 along the abutting portion 104 (two-dot chain line) of the metal members 101, 101, and the plasticized region 105 formed by the friction stir welding is formed. , 106 are joined so that the central portions in the thickness direction are in contact with each other.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-131666 (see FIG. 7)

  However, as shown in FIG. 15, when the thickness of the metal members 111 and 111 to be joined is large, even if friction stir welding is performed from the front surface 102 and the back surface 103, the center portion of the abutting portion 104 (two-dot chain line) is not formed. A junction 119 may occur. As a result, the stress concentrates on the plasticized regions 105 and 106, so that there is a problem that the bonding strength of the bonded metal members is weak.

  Here, if the length of the stirring pin of the rotary tool is increased according to the thickness of the metal member 111, the metal members 111 are joined to each other without gap by performing friction stir welding from the front surface 102 and the back surface 103. It is possible to increase. However, since the rotating tool moves while the stirring pin is buried in the metal member 111 and rotates at a high speed, if the length of the stirring pin is increased, the load acting on the driving means of the friction stirrer and the stirring pin increases. However, there is a problem that the life of the apparatus is shortened.

  From such a viewpoint, an object of the present invention is to provide a bonding method capable of increasing the bonding strength of the bonding portion of a pair of metal members.

  The joining method according to the present invention that solves such a problem includes a butting step of butting the first metal member and the second metal member, and a metal member to be joined formed by the first metal member and the second metal member. The first main joining step of performing friction agitation from the front surface to the abutting portion, the second main joining step of performing friction agitation from the back surface to the abutting portion, and the friction agitation from the side surface of the abutting portion And a side surface main joining step, wherein an extension distance of the plasticized region formed in the side surface main joining step is larger than a thickness dimension of the abutting portion.

  According to this joining method, since the extension distance of the plasticized region formed on the side surface of the metal member to be joined can be secured longer than the thickness dimension of the metal member to be joined, the stress acting on the joint portion is dispersed. be able to. Thereby, the joint strength of a junction part can be raised.

  Further, in the side side main joining step according to the present invention, friction stir is performed over the entire length of the abutting portion appearing on the side surface of the metal member to be joined, and the plasticized region formed in the side main joining step, It is preferable to overlap the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step and the second main joining step. According to this joining method, the airtightness and watertightness of the metal member to be joined can be improved.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that the planar alignment of the abutting portion appearing on the side surface of the bonded metal member is a straight line or a combination of straight lines. According to such a joining method, the planar alignment of the abutting portion may include a curve, but if it is a straight line or a combination of straight lines, it is easy to form the abutting surface, and it is possible to omit the labor of processing. Become.

  Further, in the present invention, one or more refraction points may be provided in the plane alignment of the abutting portion, and the angle at which the lines (abutting surfaces) intersect at this refraction point may be 90 degrees. . According to such a joining method, when the friction stir welding is performed, the rotary tool that moves along the plane alignment of the abutting portion temporarily stops at the refraction point, so that the friction stir at the refraction point is longer than the other portions. Done. Therefore, at the refraction point, by performing frictional stirring for a long time, it is possible to perform processing without generating a bonding defect, so that a continuous bonding defect does not occur along the bonded portion, and the airtightness at the bonded portion is reduced. And water tightness are improved.

  Further, the present invention provides a butt portion between one tab member and the metal member to be joined, the first metal member, before the first main joining step, the second main joining step, and the side surface main joining step. Used in the first main joining step, the second main joining step, and the side main joining step for the abutting portion with the second metal member and the abutting portion between the other tab member and the metal member to be joined. It is preferable to include a temporary bonding step of performing temporary bonding using a rotary tool that is smaller than the rotary tool that has been used.

  According to such a joining method, the first main joining step, the second main joining step, and the side main joining step can be performed accurately and quickly by using the tab material. Moreover, the opening at the time of performing a 1st main joining process, a 2nd main joining process, and a side main joining process can be prevented by temporarily joining a tab material and a to-be-joined metal member.

  According to the joining method according to the present invention, it is possible to increase the joining strength at the joining portion of the pair of metal members.

[First embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 1, the joining method according to the first embodiment of the present invention butt-matches a first metal member 1 a and a second metal member 1 b each having a main body portion and a step portion that is thinner than the main body portion. Friction stirring is performed from the front surface A, the back surface B, the first side surface C, and the second side surface D with respect to the abutting portion J1 of the bonded metal member 1 formed. First, the metal member 1 to be joined and the rotary tool used for friction stirring will be described in detail. In addition, up, down, left, and right before and after in the description follow the arrows in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the first metal member 1 a and the second metal member 1 b are members having substantially the same shape, and the main body portion Q that is a thick portion and the end portion of the main body portion Q are thinned. And a formed step portion R. The first metal member 1a and the second metal member 1b are made of a friction-stirring metal material such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, and magnesium alloy.

  In the following description, the surface of the first metal member 1a is the front surface 12a, the back surface is the back surface 13a, one side surface is the side surface 14a, and the other side surface is the side surface 15a. Further, the surface of the step portion R is the step portion surface 17a, the end surface of the step portion R formed perpendicular to the step portion surface 17a is the step portion end surface 18a, and the surface rising vertically from the step portion surface 17a is the vertical surface 16a. To do. The step end surface 18a has a height p1, the step surface 17a has a width p2, and the vertical surface 16a has a height p3.

  On the other hand, the surface of the second metal member 1b is a front surface 12b, the back surface is a back surface 13b, one side surface is a side surface 14b, and the other side surface is a side surface 15b. Further, the surface of the stepped portion R is formed to be perpendicular to the stepped portion surface 17b, the end surface of the stepped portion R formed perpendicular to the stepped portion surface 17b is formed to be perpendicular to the stepped portion surface 17b on the main body Q side. This surface is defined as a vertical surface 16b. The height of the stepped end face 18b is formed by q1, the width of the stepped surface 17b is formed by q2, and the height of the vertical surface 16b is formed by q3.

  The lengths between the side surfaces of the first metal member 1a and the second metal member 1b are formed to be substantially equal, and the opposing stepped portions R are formed at p1≈q3, p2≈q2, and p3≈q1, respectively. .

  Next, referring to FIG. 3, a small rotating tool F (hereinafter referred to as “small rotating tool F”) and a rotating tool G that is relatively larger than the small rotating tool F (hereinafter referred to as “large rotating tool G”). Will be described in detail.

  A small rotary tool F shown in FIG. 3A is made of a metal material harder than the metal member 1 to be joined, such as tool steel, and projects into a shoulder portion F1 having a columnar shape and a lower end surface F11 of the shoulder portion F1. A stirring pin (probe) F2 is provided. The size and shape of the small rotary tool F may be set according to the material and thickness of the metal member 1 to be joined, but at least smaller than the large rotary tool G (see FIG. 3B). . In this way, it is possible to perform friction stir welding with a smaller load than when the large rotary tool G is used, so it is possible to reduce the load applied to the friction stirrer, and further to the small rotary tool F. Since the moving speed (feeding speed) can be made higher than the moving speed of the large rotary tool G, the working time and cost required for the friction stir welding can be reduced.

The lower end surface F11 of the shoulder portion F1 is a portion that plays a role of pressing the plastic fluidized metal and preventing scattering to the surroundings, and is formed in a concave shape in this embodiment. There is no particular limitation on the size of the outer diameter X ₁ of the shoulder portion F1, in this embodiment, is smaller than the outer diameter Y ₁ of the shoulder portion G1 of a large rotating tool G.

The stirring pin F2 hangs down from the center of the lower end surface F11 of the shoulder portion F1, and is formed into a tapered truncated cone shape in this embodiment. In addition, a stirring blade engraved in a spiral shape is formed on the peripheral surface of the stirring pin F2. There is no particular limitation on the size of the outer diameter of the stirring pin F2, in the present embodiment, than the maximum outer diameter of the maximum outer diameter of the stirring pin G2 of (upper diameter) X ₂ is large rotating tool G (upper end diameter) Y ₂ It is small, and is smaller than the minimum outer diameter minimum outer diameter (bottom diameter) X ₃ is the stirring pin G2 (lower diameter) Y _3. The length L _A of the stirring pin F2 is smaller than the length L _B of the stirring pin G2 of the large rotating tool G.

A large rotary tool G shown in FIG. 3B is made of a metal material harder than the metal member 1 to be joined, such as tool steel, and projects into a shoulder portion G1 having a cylindrical shape and a lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1. It comprises a stirring pin (probe) G2 provided.
The lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1 is formed in a concave shape like the small rotary tool F. The stirring pin G2 hangs down from the center of the lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1, and is formed into a tapered truncated cone shape in this embodiment.

  Next, the bonding method according to the present embodiment includes (1) a butt process, (2) a first temporary bonding process, (3) a first main bonding process, (4) a second temporary bonding process, and (5) a second. This includes a main bonding step, (6) a first side temporary bonding step, (7) a first side main bonding step, (8) a second side temporary bonding step, and (9) a second side main bonding step. The first side main joining process and the second side main joining process are also collectively referred to as a side main joining process.

(1) Butting step In the butting step, the first metal member 1a and the second metal member 1b are butted to form the bonded metal member 1. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the abutting step includes a vertical surface 16a of the first metal member 1a, a stepped portion surface 17a, a stepped end surface 18a, and a stepped end surface 18b of the second metal member 1b. The stepped surface 17b and the vertical surface 16b are abutted so as to face each other. Further, the surface 12a of the first metal member 1a and the surface 12b of the second metal member 1b are formed flush with each other, and the back surface 13a of the first metal member 1a and the surface 13b of the second metal member 1b are flush with each other. Form. Further, one side surface 14a of the first metal member 1a and one side surface 14b of the second metal member 1b are formed to be flush with each other, and the other side surface 15a of the first metal member 1a and the second metal member 1b The other side surface 15b is flush. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2B, a butting portion J1 is formed on the butting surface between the first metal member 1a and the second metal member 1b by the butting step.
In addition, let the surface of the to-be-joined metal member 1 be the surface A, the back surface is the back surface B, one side surface is the first side surface C, and the other side surface is the second side surface D. In addition, the planar alignments that form the abutting portion J1 on the first side surface C and the second side surface D are L1, L2, and L3. The plane alignment L2 is formed substantially perpendicular to the plane alignment L1 and the plane alignment L3.

(2) First Temporary Bonding Step In the first temporary bonding step, temporary bonding is performed on the abutting portion J1 appearing on the surface A of the metal member 1 to be bonded using the small rotary tool F. The first temporary joining step according to the present embodiment includes a tab material arranging step for arranging a pair of tab materials on the side surface of the metal member 1 to be joined, a first temporary joining step for temporarily joining the abutting portion J1, and It includes a pilot hole forming step of forming a pilot hole at a position where the large rotary tool G is to be inserted.

  In the tab material arranging step, a pair of tab materials are arranged on both side surfaces of the bonded metal member 1. As shown in FIG. 4, the first tab member 2 and the second tab member 3 are arranged so as to sandwich the abutting portion J1, and the abutting portions J1 appearing on the first side surface C and the second side surface D, respectively. It has dimensions and shapes that can be covered. Each of the first tab material 2 and the second tab material 3 has the same thickness as that of the metal member 1 to be joined, and the front and back surfaces of the first tab material 2 and the second tab material 3 are covered. The bonding metal member 1 is formed flush with the front surface A and the back surface B. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the material of the 1st tab material 2 and the 2nd tab material 3, In this embodiment, it forms with the metal material of the same composition as the to-be-joined metal member 1. FIG.

  In the first temporary joining step, temporary joining is performed by friction stir using the small rotary tool F to the abutting portion appearing on the surface A of the metal member 1 to be joined. As shown in FIG. 5, in the first temporary joining step, the second tab material temporary joining step of temporarily joining the butted portion J3 of the second tab member 3 and the metal member 1 to be joined and the butted portion J1 are temporarily joined. It includes a to-be-joined metal member temporary joining step and a first tab material temporarily joining step for temporarily joining the abutting portion J2 between the first tab member 2 and the to-be-joined metal member 1. In the present embodiment, in the second tab material temporary joining step, the metal member temporary joining step, and the first tab material temporary joining step, the small rotary tool F is relatively moved, and the friction stir is performed in the manner of one stroke.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, is positioned a small rotary tool F immediately above the start position S _P1 provided in place of the second tab member 3, subsequently is lowered while the right rotating the small rotary tool F stirring pressing the pin F2 to the start position _{S P1.} When the entire stirring pin F2 enters the second tab member 3 and the entire lower end surface F11 of the shoulder portion F1 contacts the surface of the second tab member 3, the second tab member temporary is rotated while the small rotary tool F is rotated. Relative movement is made toward the starting point s3 of the joining process. When the small rotary tool F is relatively moved and frictional stirring is continuously performed up to the start point s3 of the second tab material temporary joining step, the small rotary tool F is not detached at the start point s3, and the second tab material temporary joining step is directly performed. Transition.

  In the second tab material temporary joining step, friction agitation is performed on the abutting portion J3 between the second tab material 3 and the metal member 1 to be joined. Specifically, a friction stir route is set on the joint (boundary line) between the metal member 1 to be joined and the second tab member 3, and the small rotary tool F is relatively moved along the route. Friction stirring is performed on J3. In the present embodiment, friction stir is continuously performed from the start point s3 to the end point e3 of the second tab material temporary joining step without causing the small rotary tool F to be detached on the way.

  In addition, when the small rotary tool F is rotated to the right, there is a possibility that a fine cavity defect may occur on the left side in the traveling direction of the small rotating tool F. It is desirable to set the positions of the start point s3 and the end point e3 of the second tab material temporary joining step so that the member 1 is positioned. If it does in this way, since it becomes difficult to generate | occur | produce a cavity defect in the to-be-joined metal member 1 side, it becomes possible to obtain a high quality joined body.

  Incidentally, when the small rotary tool F is rotated counterclockwise, there is a possibility that a fine cavity defect may occur on the right side in the traveling direction of the small rotating tool F. It is desirable to set the positions of the start point and the end point of the second tab material temporary joining step so that the member 1 is positioned. Specifically, although not shown, a starting point is provided at the position of the end point e3 when the small rotating tool F is rotated to the right, and an end point is provided at the position of the starting point s3 when the small rotating tool F is rotated to the right. Just do it.

  In addition, when the stirring pin F2 of the small rotary tool F enters the abutting portion J3, a force for separating the metal member 1 to be bonded and the second tab material 3 acts, but the metal member 1 to be bonded and the second tab material 3 are applied. Since the corners 3a and 3b (see FIG. 5) formed by the above are temporarily joined by welding, the opening between the metal member 1 to be joined and the second tab member 3 can be prevented.

  When the small rotary tool F reaches the end point e3 of the second tab material temporary joining step, the friction stir is not continued at the end point e3, and the friction stir is continuously performed to the start point s1 of the metal member temporary joining step. The process proceeds to the joint metal member temporary joining step. That is, friction stirring is continued without detaching the small rotary tool F from the end point e3 of the second tab member temporary joining process to the start point s1 of the metal member temporary joining process, and the small rotary tool F is detached at the start point s1. It moves to a to-be-joined metal member temporary joining process, without making it. If it does in this way, separation work of small rotation tool F in end point e3 of the 2nd tab material temporary joining process becomes unnecessary, and also insertion work of small rotation tool F in starting point s1 of a joined metal member temporary joining process becomes unnecessary. Since it becomes unnecessary, it becomes possible to improve the efficiency and speed of the preliminary joining work.

  In the to-be-joined metal member temporary joining step, friction agitation is performed on the abutting portion J1 of the to-be-joined metal member 1. Specifically, a friction stir route is set on the joint (boundary line) of the metal member 1 to be joined, and the small rotary tool F is relatively moved along the route, so that the entire length of the abutting portion J1 is reached. Friction stirring is performed continuously. In the present embodiment, friction stir is continuously performed from the start point s1 to the end point e1 of the bonded metal member temporary joining step without detaching the small rotary tool F in the middle.

  When the small rotary tool F reaches the end point e1 of the temporary joining process, the friction stirrer is continuously performed to the start point s2 of the first tab material temporary joining process without finishing the friction stirring at the end point e1, and the first tab material temporary is left as it is. Transition to the joining process. That is, friction stirring is continued without detaching the small rotary tool F from the end point e1 of the metal member temporary bonding process to the start point s2 of the first tab material temporary bonding process, and further, the small rotary tool F is released at the start point s2. It moves to the 1st tab material temporary joining process, without making it.

  In the first tab material temporary joining step, friction agitation is performed on the abutting portion J <b> 2 between the metal member 1 to be joined and the first tab material 2. Specifically, a friction stir route is set on the joint (boundary line) between the metal member 1 to be joined and the first tab member 2, and the small rotating tool F is relatively moved along the route. Friction stirring is performed on J2. In the present embodiment, friction stir is continuously performed from the start point s2 to the end point e2 of the first tab member temporary joining step without causing the small rotary tool F to be detached on the way.

  Moreover, when the stirring pin F2 of the small rotary tool F enters the abutting portion J2, a force acts to separate the bonded metal member 1 and the first tab material 2, but the bonded metal member 1 and the first tab material 2 are applied. Since the corners 2a and 2b are temporarily joined by welding, the occurrence of openings between the metal member 1 to be joined and the first tab member 2 can be prevented.

When the small rotary tool F reaches the end point e2 of the first tab material temporary joining step, the friction stir is continuously performed to the end position E _P1 provided in the first tab material 2 without ending the friction stirring at the end point e2. . In the present embodiment, the end position E _P1 is provided on the extension line of the seam (boundary line) that appears on the surface A side of the bonded metal member 1. Incidentally, the end position E _P1 is also a friction stirring start position S _M1 in the first main joining process described later.

When the small rotary tool F reaches the end position E _P1 , the small rotary tool F is raised while being rotated to disengage the stirring pin F2 from the end position E _P1 .

In the pilot hole forming process, as shown in FIG. 3B, the pilot hole P1 is formed at the friction stirring start position in the first main joining process. In the lower hole forming step according to the present embodiment, the S _M1 that is set on the first tab member 2 of the surface to form a prepared hole P1.

  The pilot hole P1 is provided for the purpose of reducing the insertion resistance (press-fit resistance) of the stirring pin G2 of the large rotating tool G. In this embodiment, when the stirring pin F2 of the small rotating tool F is detached. The formed hole H1 is formed by expanding the diameter with a drill (not shown) or the like. If the punch hole H1 is used, the process of forming the pilot hole P1 can be simplified, and the working time can be shortened. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the form of the pilot hole P1, In this embodiment, it is cylindrical. In addition, in this embodiment, although the pilot hole P1 is formed in the 1st tab material 2, there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the position of the pilot hole P1, You may form in the 2nd tab material 3, and the butt | matching part J2 , J3 may be preferably formed on the extended line of the joint (boundary line) of the metal member 1 to be bonded that appears on the surface A side of the metal member 1 to be bonded as in the present embodiment. .

(3) 1st main joining process A 1st main joining process is a process of joining the butt | matching part J1 in the surface A side of the to-be-joined metal member 1 in earnest. In the first main joining process according to the present embodiment, a large rotating tool G is used, and friction stir is performed from the surface A side of the joined metal member 1 to the abutting portion J1 in a temporarily joined state.

In the first main joining step, as shown in FIG. 6, the stirring pin G2 of the large rotary tool G is inserted (press-fitted) into the start position _SM1, and the end position E _M1 is removed without removing the inserted stirring pin G2 halfway. To move. That is, in the first main joining process, the friction stirring is started from the pilot hole P1, and the friction stirring is continuously performed up to the end position _EM1 .

In the present embodiment, the first tab member 2 is provided with the friction stirring start position S _M1 and the second tab member 3 is provided with the end position E _M1 . However, the positions of the start position S _M1 and the end position E _M1 are the same. It is not intended to limit.

The first main joining process will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
First, as shown in FIG. 6, the large rotary tool G is positioned immediately above the pilot hole P1 (start position S _M1 ), and then the large rotary tool G is lowered while rotating rightward so that the tip of the stirring pin G2 is moved. Insert into pilot hole P1. When the entire stirring pin G2 enters the first tab member 2 and the entire lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1 comes into contact with the surface of the first tab member 2, the abutting portion of the metal member 1 to be bonded is subjected to friction stirring. The large rotary tool G is relatively moved toward one end of J1, and further, the abutting portion J2 is traversed to enter the abutting portion J1. When the large rotary tool G is moved, the metal around the stirring pin G2 is plastically fluidized one after another, and at a position away from the stirring pin G2, the plastic fluidized metal is hardened again and becomes a plasticized region ( Hereinafter, “surface-side plasticization region W1”) is formed.

  When there is a possibility that the amount of heat input to the bonded metal member 1 becomes excessive, it is desirable to cool the large rotating tool G by supplying water from the surface A side. Note that if cooling water enters between the first metal member 1a and the second metal member 1b, an oxide film may be generated on the bonding surface. Since the joint between the joining metal members 1 is closed, it is difficult for cooling water to enter between the joined metal members 1 and there is no possibility of deteriorating the quality of the joining portion.

At the abutting portion J1 of the metal member 1 to be bonded, a route for friction stirring is set on the joint of the metal member 1 to be bonded (on the movement trajectory in the temporary bonding process of the metal member to be bonded), and the large rotary tool G along the route. The friction stir is continuously performed from one end to the other end of the abutting portion J1 by relatively moving. When the large rotary tool G is relatively moved to the other end of the abutting portion J1, the abutting portion J3 is traversed while performing frictional stirring, and is relatively moved toward the end position E _M1 as it is.

When the large rotary tool G reaches the end position E _M1 , the large rotary tool G is raised while rotating, and the stirring pin G2 is detached from the end position E _M1 .

(4) Second Temporary Bonding Step In the second temporary bonding step, temporary bonding is performed using the small rotary tool F to the abutting portion J1 appearing on the back surface B of the metal member 1 to be bonded. The second temporary joining step includes a second temporary joining step in which temporary joining is performed on the abutting portion J1 of the metal member 1 to be joined and a pilot hole forming step in which a pilot hole is formed at a position where the large rotary tool G is to be inserted. It is a waste.

In the second temporary joining step, as shown in FIG. 7, the first tab material temporary joining step of temporarily joining the abutting portion J2 of the first tab member 2 and the metal member 1 to be joined, and the abutting portion J1 are temporarily joined. It includes a to-be-joined metal member temporary joining step and a second tab-material temporary joining step to temporarily join the butted portion J3 of the second tab member 3 and the to-be-joined metal member 1. That is, in the second temporary joining step, the end position set on the second tab member 3 without pushing the small rotary tool F into the start position _SP2 set on the first tab member 2 and releasing the small rotary tool F. Friction stirring is continuously performed until _EP2 . Since the second temporary bonding step is substantially the same as the first temporary bonding step described above, detailed description thereof is omitted.
Also, the pilot hole forming step is substantially the same as the above-described form, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

(5) Second Main Joining Step The second main joining step is a step of joining the abutting portion J1 on the back surface B side of the metal member 1 to be joined in earnest. In the second main joining step according to the present embodiment, a large rotating tool G is used, and friction stir is performed from the back surface B side of the joined metal member 1 to the abutting portion J1 in a temporarily joined state.

In the second main joining step, as shown in FIG. 7, the stirring pin G2 of the large rotary tool G is inserted (press-fitted) into the start position _SM2, and the end position E _M2 is removed without removing the inserted stirring pin G2 halfway. To move. By the second main joining step, a back side plasticized region W2 is formed on the back side B of the metal member 1 to be joined. Since the second main joining step is substantially the same as the first main joining step described above, detailed description thereof is omitted.
When the second main joining process is completed, the first tab member 2 and the second tab member 3 are cut out from the metal member 1 to be joined.

(6) First side temporary joining step In the first side temporary joining step, temporary joining is performed using the small rotary tool F to the abutting portion J1 appearing on the first side C of the metal member 1 to be joined. In the first side temporary joining step, the tab material arranging step of arranging a pair of tab materials on the front surface A and the back surface B of the metal member 1 to be joined and the abutting portion J1 appearing on the first side surface C of the metal member 1 to be joined. The first side temporary joining step for performing the temporary joining step and the prepared hole forming step for forming the prepared hole at the position where the large rotary tool G is to be inserted are included.

  In the tab material arranging step, a pair of tab materials are arranged on the front surface A and the back surface B of the bonded metal member 1 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the first tab member 4 and the second tab member 5 are arranged so as to sandwich the abutting portion J1, and can cover the abutting portion J1 appearing on the front surface A and the back surface B, respectively. Has dimensions and shape. The front and back surfaces of the first tab member 4 and the second tab member 5 are formed flush with the first side surface C and the second side surface D of the metal member 1 to be joined. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the material of the 1st tab material 4 and the 2nd tab material 5, In this embodiment, it forms with the metal material of the same composition as the to-be-joined metal member 1. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 8, the first side surface temporary joining step is a first tab material temporary joining step for temporarily joining the abutting portion J4 of the first tab member 4 and the metal member 1 to be joined, and the abutting portion J1 is temporarily joined. The to-be-joined metal member temporary joining process to perform, and the 2nd tab material provisional joining process of temporarily joining the abutting part J5 of the 2nd tab material 5 and the to-be-joined metal member 1 are included.
That is, the first side temporary joining step ends the setting of the second tab material 5 without pushing the small rotating tool F into the starting position _SP3 set on the first tab material 4 and releasing the small rotating tool F. Friction stirring is continuously performed up to the position _EP3 .

  In the first tab material temporary joining step, friction agitation is performed on the abutting portion J4 between the first tab material 4 and the metal member 1 to be joined. Specifically, the friction stir route is set on the joint (boundary line) between the metal member 1 to be joined and the first tab member 4, and the small rotary tool F is relatively moved along the route. Friction stirring is performed on J4. In the present embodiment, friction stir is continuously performed from the start point n1 to the end point n2 of the first tab material temporary joining step without causing the small rotary tool F to be detached halfway.

When the small rotary tool F reaches the end point n2, the small rotary tool F is once inserted into the first tab member 4 side, and friction stirring is performed up to the base point n3 of the bonded metal member temporary joining step. When the small rotary tool F reaches the base point n3, the bonded metal member temporary joining step is performed along the abutting portion J1 without detaching the small rotary tool F. Since the abutting portion J1 in the present embodiment is composed of the plane alignments L1, L2, and L3, the small rotating tool F is moved while changing the direction by 90 ° at the refraction points C1 and C2, and the friction stirring is performed.
When the small rotary tool F reaches the base point n6, the small rotary tool F is temporarily moved into the second tab member 5 side without being detached and moved to the starting point n7 of the second tab member temporary joining step. When the small rotary tool F reaches the start point n7, the friction stir is performed along the abutting portion J5 to the end point n8. Small rotary tool to disengage the small rotary tool F at the end position E _P3 by entering into the second tab member 5 side reaches the n8. Incidentally, the end position _{EP 3} is a start position S _M3 of the first aspect the present bonding process described later.

The pilot hole forming step is a step of forming a pilot hole at the friction stirring start position in the first side main joining step. In the lower hole forming step according to the present embodiment, to form a prepared hole to the S _M3, which is set on the surface of the second tab member 5. Since the pilot hole forming step is substantially the same as the above-described form, detailed description is omitted.

(7) 1st side surface main joining process The 1st side surface main joining process is a process of joining the butt | matching part J1 in the 1st side surface C of the to-be-joined metal member 1 in earnest. In the first side main joining step according to the present embodiment, a large rotating tool G is used, and friction stir is performed from the first side C of the metal member 1 to be joined to the abutting portion J1 in a temporarily joined state.

In the first side main joining process, as shown in FIG. 9, the stirring pin G2 of the large rotary tool G is inserted (press-fitted) into the starting position _SM3 , and the inserted stirring pin G2 is not removed in the middle of the end position E. Move to _M3 . That is, in the first side main joining step, friction stirring is started from a pilot hole (not shown) set at the start position S _M3 of the second tab member 5, and the end position E _M3 set at the first tab member 4. Friction stirring is performed continuously until.

In this embodiment, the second tab member 5 is provided with the friction stirring start position S _M3 and the first tab member 4 is provided with the end position E _M3 , but the start position S _M3 and the end position E _M3 are positioned. It is not intended to limit.

In the first side main joining step, as shown in FIG. 9, the large rotary tool G is positioned immediately above the start position _SM3 , and then the large rotary tool G is lowered while rotating clockwise to the tip of the stirring pin G2. Is inserted into a pilot hole (not shown). When the entire stirring pin G2 enters the second tab member 5 and the entire lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1 comes into contact with the surface of the second tab member 5, the abutting portion of the metal member 1 to be joined while performing frictional stirring. The large rotary tool G is relatively moved toward the base point n6 of J1, and enters the abutting portion J1. When the large rotating tool G is moved, the metal around the agitating pin G2 is plastically fluidized at the same time, and at the position away from the agitating pin G2, the plastic fluidized metal is hardened again and becomes a plasticizing region ( Hereinafter, a “first side surface plasticizing region W3”) is formed.

Since the abutting portion J1 in the present embodiment is composed of the plane alignments L1, L2, and L3, the large rotating tool G is moved while changing the direction by 90 ° at the refraction points C2 and C1, and the friction stirring is performed. When the large rotary tool G reaches the end position E _M3 through the base point n3, the large rotary tool G is detached at the end position E _M3 . According to the first side surface main joining step, the front side plasticization region W1 and the back side plasticization region W2 (see FIG. 8) overlap with the first side surface plasticization region W3, and a butt that appears on the first side surface C. Friction stirring can be performed over the entire length of the part J1.

(8) Second side temporary joining step In the second side temporary joining step, as shown in FIG. 10, a temporary rotating tool F is used for the abutting portion J1 appearing on the second side D of the metal member 1 to be joined. Join. The second side temporary joining step includes a second side temporary joining step for temporarily joining the abutting portion J1 of the metal member 1 to be joined, and a pilot hole forming step for forming a pilot hole at a position where the large rotary tool G is to be inserted. Is included. In the second side temporary joining step, the friction stir is continuously performed from the start position S _P4 set on the first tab member 4 to the end position E _P4 set on the second tab member 5. That is, the first tab member temporary joining step for frictionally stirring the abutting portion J4 between the first tab member 4 and the metal member 1 to be joined, the metal member temporarily joining step for temporarily joining the abutting portion J1, and the second tab material 5 And a second tab material temporary joining step of temporarily joining the butted portion J5 of the metal member 1 to be joined. Since the second side temporary bonding step is substantially the same as the first side temporary bonding step, detailed description thereof is omitted. Moreover, since the pilot hole forming process is substantially the same as the pilot hole forming process described above, detailed description thereof is omitted.

(9) 2nd side surface main joining process The 2nd side surface main joining process is a process of joining the butt | matching part J1 in the 2nd side D of the to-be-joined metal member 1 in earnest as shown in FIG. In the second side main joining step according to the present embodiment, a large rotary tool G is used, and friction agitation is performed from the second side D of the metal member 1 to be joined to the abutting portion J1 in a temporarily joined state.

In the second side main joining step, as shown in FIG. 10, the stirring pin G2 of the large rotary tool G is inserted (press-fitted) into the start position _SM4 , and the inserted position of the stirring pin G2 is not removed in the middle. Move to _M4 . That is, in the second side main joining step, friction agitation is started from a pilot hole (not shown) set at the start position _SM4 of the second tab member 5, and set to the first tab member 4 along the abutting portion J1. Friction stirring is continuously performed up to the finished end position E _M4 . According to the second side main joining step, the second side plasticizing region W4 is formed on the second side D of the metal member 1 to be joined. Since the second side main joining process is substantially the same as the first side main joining process, detailed description is omitted. When the second side main joining process is completed, the pair of tab members are cut out from the metal member 1 to be joined.

  According to the joining method of the present embodiment described above, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the first side surface plasticized region W3 and the second side surface plasticized region in the first side surface C and the second side surface D are shown. W4 is composed of planar alignments L1, L2, and L3. Thereby, since the sum of the extended distances of the plane alignments L1, L2, and L3 is larger than the length of the thickness 1h of the metal member 1 to be bonded, a long friction stirring region can be secured. Therefore, the stress acting on the bonded portion of the metal member 1 to be bonded can be dispersed to increase the bonding strength. Further, according to the first side main joining step and the second side main joining step, the front side plasticizing region W1, the back side plasticizing region W2, the first side plasticizing region W3, and the second side plasticizing region W4. And frictional stirring can be performed over the entire length of the abutting portion J1 appearing on the first side surface C and the second side surface D. Thereby, the airtightness and watertightness of the to-be-joined metal member 1 can be improved.

  Moreover, since the joining method in this embodiment made the butt | matching part J1 into the linear combination, while the shaping | molding of a butt surface becomes easy, the operation | work of friction stirring can be performed easily. In the present embodiment, the plane alignment L1 and the plane alignment L2 are formed at 90 degrees at the refraction point C1, and the plane alignment L2 and the plane alignment L3 are formed at 90 degrees at the refraction point C2. Therefore, when the friction stir welding is performed, the large rotary tool G that moves along the plane alignment of the abutting portion J1 temporarily stops at the refraction points C1 and C2, so that the refraction points C1 and C2 are longer than the other portions. Time friction stirring is performed. Thereby, at the refraction points C1 and C2, by performing frictional stirring for a long time, it is possible to perform processing without causing a bonding defect, so that airtightness and watertightness at the joint are improved.

  Further, by using the tab material, the first main joining step, the second main joining step, and the side main joining step can be performed accurately and quickly. Moreover, the opening at the time of performing a 1st main joining process, a 2nd main joining process, and a side surface main joining process can be prevented by temporarily joining the tab material and the to-be-joined metal member 1.

  In addition, in this embodiment, although the side surface main joining process performed to both the 1st side C (1st side main bonding process) and the 2nd side D (2nd side main bonding process), it does not necessarily perform on both surfaces. There is no need, and it is sufficient to go to at least one of them.

As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment was described about this invention, this invention is not limited to said each embodiment, A design change is possible suitably in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention.
For example, the abutting portion J1 appearing on the first side surface C and the second side surface D is not limited to the planar alignment of the first embodiment, and may be set as appropriate. That is, in the first embodiment, the abutting portion J1 formed by the combination of the three plane alignments L1, L2, and L3 and the two refraction points C1 and C2 causes the extension distance of the abutting portion J1 to be planar. Although it was set as the structure made larger than the thickness 1h of the to-be-joined metal member 1, the shape of the butt | matching part J1 is not limited to what was shown by the said embodiment, It is possible to set suitably.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of the first side face C showing a modification according to the embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a first modification, (b) is a second modification, and (c). Shows a third modification.
For example, as shown to (a) of FIG. 11, the thickness of the to-be-joined metal member 1 is provided without providing a refraction point by arrange | positioning the butt | matching part J2 so that it may incline with respect to the thickness direction of the to-be-joined metal member 1. It is good also as the butt | matching part J2 in which the extension distance of the planar alignment L larger than 1h was ensured. According to the abutting portion J2, since the extension distance of the plane linear L for performing frictional stirring is longer than the thickness 1h of the metal member 1 to be bonded, a long frictional stirring distance can be ensured and the bonding strength can be increased. Can do.

  Moreover, it is good also as what combines two planar alignment L1, L2 and one refraction point C1, like the abutting part J3, J4 shown to (b) or (c) of FIG. According to this configuration, since the movement of the large rotary tool G is temporarily stopped at the refraction point C1, it is possible to reliably perform frictional stirring as in the embodiment described above. In this case, the angle of the inner angle of the refraction point C1 is not limited and may be set as appropriate.

FIG. 12 is a plan view of the first side face C showing a modification according to the embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a fourth modification, (b) is a fifth modification, and (c). Shows a sixth modification, and (d) shows a seventh modification.
In the first embodiment, the two refraction points C1 and C2 having a right angle with respect to the plane alignment L1 and L2 or the plane alignment L2 and L3 are provided. However, the angles of the refraction points C1 and C2 are limited. It is not a thing. For example, as in the abutting portions J5 and J6 shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, the angle at which the plane alignments L1 and L2 or the plane alignments L2 and L3 intersect at the two refraction points C1 ′ and C2 ′ is, for example, Similar effects can be obtained even at 120 °.

  Further, the number of refraction points in the planar alignment of the abutting portions may be formed at two or more, and may be set as appropriate. For example, the number of refraction points C may be four or six, as in the abutting portion J7 shown in FIG. 12C or the abutting portion J8 shown in FIG. Thus, by increasing the number of refraction points, the moving speed of the large rotating tool G is slowed down, or the movement of the large rotating tool G is stopped a plurality of times, so that the bonded metal member 1 can be more reliably bonded. May be performed to perform bonding with excellent bonding strength, airtightness, and watertightness.

FIG. 13 is a plan view of the first side face C showing a modification according to the embodiment of the present invention, and shows an eighth modification.
In the first embodiment, the abutting portion J1 is formed by a combination of three plane alignments L1, L2, and L3. However, like the abutting portion J8 shown in FIG. 13, the planar alignment of the abutting portion J8 is curved. You may form in. By forming the shape of the abutting portion J8 in this manner, the planar linear extension distance can be made longer than the thickness 1h of the bonded metal member 1. Needless to say, in the case where the deformed surface alignment of the abutting portion is formed in a curved shape, the formed curve alignment is not limited to the curved line shape of the abutting portion J8 shown in FIG.

  In the friction agitation in the present embodiment, the first tab material and the second tab material may be arranged as necessary, and may be omitted. Moreover, the fixing method of the metal member at the time of friction stirring, etc. are not limited, What is necessary is just to select from a well-known means suitably. Further, in the present embodiment, the side main joining step is continuously frictionally stirred, but the extension distance of the plasticized region formed by the side main joining step is larger than the thickness dimension of the metal member to be joined. If so, it may be performed intermittently.

It is the perspective view which showed the to-be-joined metal member which concerns on this embodiment. It is the figure which showed the to-be-joined metal member which concerns on this embodiment, Comprising: (a) is a disassembled perspective view, (b) is a side view. It is a side view for demonstrating a rotation tool, Comprising: (a) shows a small rotation tool, (b) shows a large rotation tool. It is the perspective view which showed the tab material arrangement | positioning process which concerns on this embodiment. It is the top view which showed the 1st temporary joining process which concerns on this embodiment. It is the top view which showed the 1st main joining process which concerns on this embodiment. It is the top view which showed the 2nd temporary joining and 2nd main joining process which concern on this embodiment. It is the top view which showed the 1st side temporary joining process which concerns on this embodiment. It is the top view which showed the 1st side surface main joining process which concerns on this embodiment. It is the top view which showed the 2nd side temporary joining process and 2nd side main joining process which concern on this embodiment. It is the top view of the 1st side C which showed the modification which concerns on embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) is a 1st modification, (b) is a 2nd modification, (c) is a 3rd A modification is shown. It is a top view of the 1st side C which showed the modification which concerns on embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) is a 4th modification, (b) is a 5th modification, (c) is the 6th. Modified example (d) shows a seventh modified example. It is a top view of the 1st side C which showed the modification concerning the embodiment of the present invention, and shows the 8th modification. It is the perspective view which showed the conventional joining method. It is the perspective view which showed the conventional joining method.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Joined metal member 1a 1st metal member 1b 2nd metal member 2 1st tab material 3 2nd tab material A surface B back surface C 1st side surface D 2nd side surface J1 butt | matching part C1, C2 Refraction point L Planar alignment W Plasticity Area

Claims (6)

A butting process of matching the first metal member and the second metal member;
A first main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the surface to the abutting portion of the metal member to be joined formed by the first metal member and the second metal member;
A second main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the back surface with respect to the abutting portion;
A side main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the side with respect to the abutting portion, and
The joining method, wherein an extension distance of the plasticized region formed in the side main joining step is larger than a thickness dimension of the butt portion.   The side surface main joining step performs friction stirring over the entire length of the abutting portion appearing on the side surface of the metal member to be joined, and the plasticized region formed in the side surface main joining step, the first main joining step, The joining method according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizing region formed in the second main joining step is overlapped.   The joining method according to claim 1, wherein a planar line shape of the abutting portion that appears on a side surface of the metal member to be joined is a straight line or a combination of straight lines.   The joining method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein one or more refraction points are provided in a plane alignment of the abutting portion appearing on a side surface of the metal member to be joined.   The joining method according to claim 4, wherein an angle at which the straight lines constituting the refraction point intersect each other is 90 degrees. Before the first main joining step, the second main joining step and the side main joining step,
For the abutting portion between one tab material and the metal member to be joined, the abutting portion between the first metal member and the second metal member, and the abutting portion between the other tab material and the metal member to be joined, 2. The method includes a temporary bonding step of performing temporary bonding using a rotary tool that is smaller than the rotary tool used in the first main bonding step, the second main bonding step, and the side surface main bonding step. The joining method according to any one of claims 5 to 5.

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