JP2009102820A - Rainwater storage facility - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rainwater storage facility capable of accurately and efficiently performing water utilization and water control by utilizing meteorological information. <P>SOLUTION: A weather data collecting means collects the hourly weather data predicted in six hours which is to be supplied from a climate-forecasting system. When a drain hour in which the fully stored water is drained from a storage tank at the maximum allowable drain rate is n, a stored water quantity control means determines the drain timing and drain quantity of the stored water from the storage tank according to the predicted inflow quantity calculated from the predicted rainfall quantity obtained by analyzing the predicted weather data for each hour in six hours after (n+1) hours. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to rainwater storage equipment used for rainwater use and flood control.

  Conventionally, rainwater storage facilities have been installed mainly for the purpose of flood control, and have been used to store rainwater in a storage tank and adjust the rainwater when heavy rain occurs.

  However, in recent years, there has been an increasing demand for using rainwater storage facilities for the purpose of water utilization so that rainwater stored in a storage tank can be used for toilets and greening facilities in parks, schools, shopping centers, and the like.

  However, in a rainwater storage facility for the purpose of water utilization, the stored rainwater is consumed for a predetermined period, so that a predetermined amount of rainwater must always be held inside the storage tank of the rainwater storage facility. However, in the case where heavy rain occurs in the state where rainwater is held inside the storage tank, the storage tank will be full in a short time, so it will not be possible to perform the flood control function of the rainwater storage facility. Problem arises.

  Therefore, a method of separately constructing a flood control tank and a water tank in the rainwater storage facility has been conventionally employed.

  Such a rainwater storage facility is configured to store rainwater in a flood control tank at the time of raining, and then transfer the rainwater to a water use tank for use. Therefore, since the flood control tank is empty except during rain, it can be prepared for the next rain. In addition, if rainwater is stored in both the irrigation tank and the flood control tank, the rainwater in the flood control tank is discharged into rivers and sewers without rain to secure the flood control function. is doing.

  Further, for example, in the rainwater adjustment and utilization system described in Patent Document 1, a reservoir for rainwater, a rainwater adjustment tank, and a permeation tank are provided, and by connecting these tanks with pipes, the use of rainwater, rainwater It has been proposed to efficiently adjust the rainwater and infiltrate rainwater into the ground.

  However, in rainwater storage facilities that have separate water tanks and flood control tanks, it is necessary to create two storage tanks of the same degree and to empty one of them. In order to construct two storage tanks of the same degree, there was a problem that construction cost was required.

  Moreover, in the rainwater adjustment and utilization system described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, there is still a problem that construction costs are incurred for constructing the three tanks of the intermediate water storage tank, the rainwater adjustment tank, and the infiltration tank. It will occur.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have one storage tank, rainwater introduction means for guiding rainwater into the storage tank, discharge means for discharging water in the storage tank, and meteorological data obtained by various measuring instruments. Meteorological data collection means for collecting the stored water amount control means for controlling the amount of water stored in the storage tank based on the collected weather data, and the stored water amount control means causes rainfall based on the weather data. When it is expected, the rainwater remaining in the storage tank is discharged so that the storage tank functions as a flood control tank. On the other hand, the storage water amount control means stores the rainwater during a period when there is no possibility of rainfall predicted based on the weather data. A rainwater storage facility has been proposed which is characterized by allowing a storage tank to function as a water-saving tank by continuously storing rainwater remaining in the tank (see Patent Document 2).
That is, since this rainwater storage facility functions as a water tank as well as a water tank, the rainwater storage facility can be used for both water use and flood control purposes by constructing only one tank. be able to. Therefore, the land use efficiency can be significantly increased and the construction cost can be greatly reduced.
However, if the rain forecast to be used is a short-term forecast, the accuracy is good, but the stored water in the storage tank is drained in a short time and may not be drained by the rain. Long-term forecasts can be sufficiently drained because the time to rain is long, but the forecast itself is inaccurate and the system operates wastefully, draining the stored water and making it unavailable for water use. In addition, there is a possibility that the operation will not be performed in spite of rain and overflow may occur and the purpose of water control may not be achieved. In particular, in the case of sudden heavy rain, the difference between the predicted rainfall and the actual rainfall is large, so there was a risk that rainwater would overflow from the storage facilities even if control was performed based on such forecasts.

JP 2000-355959 A JP 2007-126939 A

  In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a rainwater storage facility that can perform water use and flood control more accurately and efficiently by utilizing weather information.

In order to achieve the above object, a rainwater storage facility according to the present invention is based on one storage tank for storing rainwater flowing from an inlet, weather data collection means for collecting weather data, and the collected weather data. Storage water amount control means for controlling the amount of water stored in the storage tank, and when the storage water amount control means predicts rain based on the weather data, the stored water in the storage tank is discharged before the rain. While the storage tank functions as a flood control tank, the storage water volume control means stores the rainwater remaining in the storage tank during a period when there is no possibility of rain predicted based on the weather data. A rainwater storage facility that allows the tank to function as a water-use tank, and collects forecasted weather data every hour until 6 hours after the weather data collection means is supplied from the weather forecast system. In addition, when the drainage time when the stored water in the full state is drained from the storage tank with the maximum drainable amount is n hours, the stored water amount control means is configured to perform 1 from (n + 1) hours to 6 hours later. It is characterized in that the drainage timing and drainage amount of the stored water from the storage tank are determined according to the predicted inflow calculated from the predicted rainfall obtained by analyzing the forecasted weather data for each hour.
Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable that the storage tank is equipped with the orifice drain port normally used for drainage, and the emergency drain port for emergency drainage. The orifice drain port and the emergency drain port may be capable of simultaneous drainage.
Incidentally, the diameter of the orifice drain outlet is appropriately determined by the normal water-discharge allowance is not particularly limited, for example, the reservoir is preferably approximately diameter 60cm at a of about 1500 m ^3.
Further, when the orifice drain port and the emergency drain port are at a position lower than the discharge destination, a primary storage tank may be provided downstream of the orifice drain port and the emergency drain port to pump up. At this time, the pump is preferably operated in conjunction with opening and closing of the valve.

  Furthermore, the storage tank is usually buried underground and may be made of plastic or concrete, but is preferably made of plastic because it is inexpensive and more preferably has a load bearing performance of T25 (25 (The load-bearing performance that can pass through ton trucks) is possessed, and sediments such as sand are consolidated in one place to improve maintainability (for example, the product name Rain Station manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) .

  The weather data is not particularly limited, but rain data transmitted from the weather service support center via the Internet can be used, or rain information provided from various sites on various Internets can be used. Preferably, the target area transmitted every 30 minutes from the meteorological service support center is 1 km mesh, and it is preferable to use data capable of forecasting rainfall up to 6 hours later.

As described above, the rainwater storage facility according to the present invention has one storage tank for storing rainwater flowing from the inlet, weather data collection means for collecting weather data, and a storage tank based on the collected weather data. A storage water amount control means for controlling the amount of stored water, and when the storage water amount control means predicts rainfall based on the weather data, the stored water in the storage tank is discharged before the rain. While the storage tank is functioning as a flood control tank, the storage water volume control means allows the storage tank to be stored by continuing to store rainwater remaining in the storage tank during a period when there is no possibility of rainfall predicted based on the weather data. A rainwater storage facility that functions as a water tank, wherein the meteorological data collection means collects forecasted meteorological data every hour up to six hours after being supplied from the weather forecasting system. When the drainage time when draining the full reservoir water from the storage tank with the maximum drainable amount is n hours, the stored water amount control means performs every hour from (n + 1) hours to 6 hours later. The drainage timing and drainage amount of the stored water from the storage tank are determined according to the predicted inflow calculated from the predicted rainfall obtained by analyzing the predicted weather data. And water use and flood control can be performed efficiently.
Further, if the storage tank is provided with an orifice outlet used for normal drainage and an emergency drain outlet for emergency drainage, drainage at the time of sudden heavy rain can be performed quickly. Furthermore, by providing conditions for performing emergency drainage, emergency drainage can be performed when the conditions are exceeded, and a predetermined free space can be secured in the storage tank before the rain.
The emergency discharge conditions are set in consideration of the characteristics of each region. For example, in May to September when sudden heavy rain (rainfall of 30 mm / hour or more) is likely to occur, for example, 1 mm / hour per hour. If the total rainfall forecast for more than 3 hours and 2 hours is 2 mm / hour, there is a high probability that sudden heavy rain will occur. Therefore, the estimated rainfall is 1 mm / hour or more and the estimated rainfall for 3 hours is 2 mm / 3. It is recommended to perform emergency drainage when it is time. Moreover, it is preferable that the emergency drainage in this case drains all the stored water in a storage tank.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings showing embodiments thereof.
1 to 3 show an embodiment of a rainwater storage facility according to the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, this rainwater storage facility 1 includes one storage tank 2, a rainwater introduction section 3 that guides rainwater into the storage tank 2, a weather data collection section 5 that collects weather data, and this collection A stored water amount control unit 6 that controls the stored water amount of the storage tank 2 based on the meteorological data.

As shown in FIG. 2, the storage tank 2 is formed by first excavating the ground of a parking lot or the like, and placing a waterproof sheet or the like along the wall surface of the excavation hole. A storage space is formed so that rainwater can be stored by combining a large number of unit members vertically and horizontally in the excavation hole, and the load-bearing performance is T25 (load-bearing performance that allows 25-ton trucks to pass through). The sand that has flowed into the groove is collected in the groove 2a provided at the lowermost end.
The storage tank 2 includes a water level meter 21 for detecting the amount of stored water, an orifice drain port 4a used for normal drainage, and an emergency drain port 4b for emergency drainage. There are provided a water pump, a water supply pipe, a flow meter for measuring the flow rate of the water flowing through the water supply pipe, and an overflow pipe.

  Although the rainwater introduction part 3 may be arranged on the ground, it is usually attached to the storage tank 2 and buried in the ground. From the roof R of the building, which is a water collecting part, a mass such as a ridge 32 and a manhole is collected. It is configured to guide rainwater flowing in through the storage tank 2 to the storage tank 2. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, the flowmeter 31 which detects the amount of inflow water is provided in the inflow port to the storage tank 2 of the rainwater introduction part 3. As shown in FIG.

The orifice drain port 4a includes an orifice pipe 41 provided in the lower part of the storage tank 2, and an electromagnetic valve 42 that is opened and closed according to an opening / closing signal output from the stored water amount control unit 6, and the electromagnetic valve 42 is opened. In addition, it has a drainage capacity (corresponding to the amount that is normally recognized as the amount of drainage in the local ordinance where the rainwater storage facility 1 is provided) that can drain the full storage tank 2 in 3 hours.
The emergency drain port 4b includes an emergency drain pipe 43 and an electromagnetic valve 44 that is opened / closed in response to an opening / closing signal output by the stored water amount control unit 6, and the storage tank 2 that is full with the electromagnetic valve 44 open. Equipped with drainage capacity that can drain in 1 hour (corresponding to the amount allowed as emergency drainage allowance in the drought period etc. in the local ordinance where the rainwater storage facility 1 is provided).

  For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the meteorological data collection unit 5 uses the Internet line 50 to send the meteorological data that can be predicted for 6 hours after the target area transmitted from the meteorological service support center is 1 km mesh. For example, a barometer 51, a hygrometer 52, a dew point meter 53, a thermometer 54, an anemometer 55, an anemometer 56, and a rain gauge 57 are provided.

  The stored water amount control unit 6 includes a program and a program control computer, a communication device for acquiring rainfall forecast data, a relay for valve control, an adapter for A / D conversion, and the like, and a meteorological data collection unit 5 Automatically collects the meteorological data collected in the above, the amount of stored water measured by the water level meter 21 and the amount of inflow water measured by the flow meter 31, and outputs the opening / closing signals of the solenoid valve 42 and solenoid valve 44 based on the analysis result, It is configured to control the drainage timing and drainage amount of the stored water from the port 4a and the emergency drainage port 4b.

More specifically, the stored water amount control unit 6 automatically performs drainage control of the orifice drainage port 4a and the emergency drainage port 4b as follows.
(1) When the meteorological data collected by the meteorological data collection unit 5 is analyzed and it is determined that there is no possibility of rainfall within 6 hours from the present, the drainage from the orifice drainage port 4a and the emergency drainage port 4b is prevented. Further, the solenoid valve 42 and the solenoid valve 44 are controlled to be in a closed state.
(2) The meteorological data collected by the meteorological data collection unit 5 is analyzed, and it is determined that there is rainfall within 6 hours from the present time, and after 4 hours (3 hours (maximum drainable capacity when full) In order to prevent drainage from the orifice drainage port 4a and the emergency drainage port 4b when it is determined that the drainage time is within 1 hour), it is within 5 hours later. Control is performed so that the solenoid valve 42 and the solenoid valve 44 are closed.

(3) The meteorological data collected by the meteorological data collection unit 5 is analyzed, and it is determined that there is rainfall within 6 hours from the present time, and after 4 hours (3 hours (maximum drainable capacity when water is full) It is determined whether it is within 1 hour) or not, and when it is determined that it is within 4 hours, the estimated total rainfall from 4 hours to 6 hours from meteorological data Calculate the expected inflow from the volume.
Then, when the expected inflow amount is smaller than the water storage capacity determined from the current stored water amount in the storage tank 2 measured by the water level gauge 21, the solenoid valve 42 and the solenoid valve 44 are controlled to be closed. .
On the other hand, if the expected inflow is larger than the above-mentioned water storage capacity, the insufficient volume (the maximum is the amount that the storage tank is empty) and the drainage time t1 required to secure this insufficient volume are obtained, and the expected rainfall starts from now The time t2 until the time is compared, and if t1 ≧ t2, the electromagnetic valve 42 is opened until the storage space for the insufficient volume (the maximum is the amount that the storage tank 2 is empty) is secured from the drain pipe 41. Control is performed so that the stored water in the storage tank 2 is drained. Further, the electromagnetic valve 44 is kept closed. In addition, when water is used at the same time as drainage, it is assumed that water is also discharged from the storage tank 2, so that the amount of water measured by the flow meter provided in the water supply pipe is also added to the amount of drainage. It has become.

(4) Analyzing meteorological data collected by the meteorological data collection unit 5 and sudden heavy rains are expected within 3 hours. The electromagnetic valve 44 is opened and the stored water in the storage tank 2 is controlled to be discharged from the emergency drain 4b.

  As described above, the rainwater storage facility 1 has a storage tank 2 that can secure an expected inflow obtained from the predicted rainfall when rainfall is predicted from meteorological data sent via the Internet line. Since the stored water in the inside is drained in advance from the orifice drain port 4a, the storage tank 2 is made to function as a flood control tank, while the solenoid valve 42 is closed during a period when there is no possibility of rain based on weather data. Thus, the storage tank 2 can efficiently function as a water-use tank by continuing to store rainwater remaining in the storage tank 2.

Moreover, since the predicted rainfall is obtained by analyzing hourly predicted weather data from 4 hours to 6 hours later, the predicted rainfall is closer to the actual rainfall.
Therefore, water utilization and flood control can be performed more accurately and efficiently using weather information.

  Also, especially for sudden torrential rains, the difference between the predicted rainfall and the actual rainfall is large, so there was a risk that rainwater would overflow from the rainwater storage facilities even if control was performed based on such forecasts. This rainwater storage facility 1 is equipped with an emergency drain 4b. If sudden heavy rain is predicted within 3 hours by analyzing meteorological data, if the drainage allowance is eased during the dry season, etc. During this period, the electromagnetic valve 44 is opened and the stored water in the storage tank 2 is controlled to be discharged from the emergency drain 4b, so that the stored water overflows from the storage tank 2 even during heavy rain. It can be pressed as much as possible, and better flood control can be achieved.

(Reference Example 1)
Using the meteorological data that can be calculated from the 1km mesh information around the target location, which is sent from the Meteorological Business Support Center, the current rainfall and the expected rainfall up to 6 hours ahead every hour, The result of calculating the corrected predicted rainfall data by adding the predicted rainfall data from 1 hour to 6 hours after the predicted rainfall data for every hour until 6 hours sent every 30 minutes The combined rainfall data obtained using a rain gauge is shown in FIG.

(Reference Example 2)
Using the weather data that can be calculated from the 1km mesh information around the target location, which is sent from the Meteorological Business Support Center, the current rainfall and the expected rainfall up to 6 hours ahead every hour, Result of calculating corrected predicted rainfall data by adding estimated rainfall data from 4 hours to 6 hours after the predicted rainfall data every hour until 6 hours sent every 30 minutes FIG. 5 shows the combined rainfall data obtained using a rain gauge.

(Reference Example 3)
Utilizing the meteorological data that can be calculated from the 1km mesh information around the target location, which is sent from the Meteorological Business Support Center, the current rainfall and the expected rainfall up to 6 hours ahead every hour, Of the forecasted rainfall data for every hour up to 6 hours sent every 30 minutes, the figure shows the estimated rainfall data after 6 hours and the actual rainfall data obtained using a rain gauge. This is shown in FIG.

Moreover, the peak position difference and the peak amount difference were obtained from the predicted rainfall data obtained in Reference Examples 1 to 3 and the actual rainfall data, respectively, by the following formulas, and the results are shown in Table 1.
・ Peak position difference = primary peak (actual rainfall time-expected rainfall time)
+ Secondary peak (actual rainfall time-expected rainfall time)
+ 3rd peak (actual rainfall time-expected rainfall time)
・ Peak amount difference = 1st peak (Actual rainfall-Expected rainfall)
+ Secondary peak (Actual rainfall-Expected rainfall)
+ 3rd order peak (Actual rainfall-Expected rainfall)

  From Table 1 above, judging from the estimated rainfall for only one hour after six hours is inaccurate, but if the judgment is based on the estimated rainfall for three hours from four hours to six hours, the expected rainfall is It can be seen that water use and flood control can be carried out more efficiently by approaching the actual rainfall.

(Reference Example 4)
Measurement in July using weather data that can be calculated from the current 1km mesh information and the estimated rainfall up to 6 hours ahead every hour from the 1km mesh information around the target location sent from the Meteorological Business Support Center Of the forecasted rainfall data for every hour up to 6 hours after every 30 minutes of day D, the forecasted rainfall data after 3 hours and the forecasted rainfall data from 3 hours to 5 hours FIG. 7 shows the corrected predicted rainfall data obtained by addition and the actual rainfall data obtained using a rain gauge.
Estimated rainfall for 1 hour obtained from 1 hour data after 3 hours, and estimated rainfall for 3 hours obtained from corrected estimated rainfall data for 3 hours to 5 hours later, and actual rainfall start Table 2 shows the actual rainfall for one hour from the beginning.

As shown in FIG. 7, it is predicted that there will be rainfall after 3 hours at 9:30, and in fact, there was rain at 12:30 after 3 hours.
Also, from the above Table 2, from May to September, for example, if the total rainfall forecast for 1 hour is 1 mm / h or more and the total rainfall for 3 hours is 2 mm / 3h, the probability of sudden heavy rain is high. That was confirmed.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the stored water amount control unit automatically controls the drainage from the orifice drainage port and the drainage from the emergency drainage port. However, emergency drainage may be performed manually.
In the above embodiment, the amount of stored water in the storage tank is controlled by opening and closing the solenoid valve. However, the present invention is not limited to the solenoid valve, and may be an open / close valve that can control the amount of stored water, such as an air valve or a hydraulic valve. May be.

It is the schematic which shows typically the rainwater storage facility which concerns on this invention. It is the schematic which shows typically the storage tank part of the rainwater storage facility of FIG. 1 in a cross section. It is the schematic explaining the control system of the rainwater storage facility of FIG. It is a graph which compares the estimated rainfall calculated | required in the reference example 1, and an actual rainfall. It is a graph which compares the estimated rainfall calculated | required in the reference example 2, and an actual rainfall. It is a graph which compares the estimated rainfall calculated | required in the reference example 3, and an actual rainfall. It is a graph which compares the estimated rainfall calculated | required in the reference example 4, and an actual rainfall.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rainwater storage equipment 2 Reservoir 21 Water level meter 3 Rainwater introduction part 31 Flowmeter 4a Orifice drain port 41 Orifice drain pipe 42 Solenoid valve 4a Emergency drain pipe 43 Emergency drain pipe 44 Solenoid valve 5 Meteorological data collection part 6 Storage water amount control part

Claims (3)

One storage tank for storing rainwater flowing in from the inlet, a meteorological data collecting means for collecting meteorological data, and a stored water volume control means for controlling the amount of stored water in the storing tank based on the collected meteorological data. And
When rain is predicted based on the weather data by the stored water amount control means, the stored water in the storage tank is discharged before the rain so that the storage tank functions as a flood control tank, while the stored water amount control means The rainwater storage facility that allows the storage tank to function as a water-use tank by continuing to store the rainwater remaining in the storage tank during a period when there is no possibility of rainfall predicted based on the weather data,
The weather data collection means collects forecasted weather data every hour up to 6 hours after being supplied from the weather forecast system,
When the drainage time when draining the full water from the storage tank with the maximum drainable amount is n hours,
The storage water amount control means is configured to output from the storage tank according to an expected inflow amount calculated from an estimated rainfall amount obtained by analyzing hourly predicted weather data from (n + 1) hours to 6 hours later. A rainwater storage facility characterized by determining the timing and amount of drainage of stored water.   The rainwater storage facility according to claim 1, wherein the storage tank includes an orifice outlet used for normal drainage and an emergency outlet for emergency drainage.   The rainwater storage facility according to claim 2, wherein the storage tank is capable of simultaneous drainage from the orifice drainage port and the emergency drainage port.

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