JP2009095793A - Method for pneumatic separation of waste plastics - Google Patents

Method for pneumatic separation of waste plastics Download PDF

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JP2009095793A
JP2009095793A JP2007271011A JP2007271011A JP2009095793A JP 2009095793 A JP2009095793 A JP 2009095793A JP 2007271011 A JP2007271011 A JP 2007271011A JP 2007271011 A JP2007271011 A JP 2007271011A JP 2009095793 A JP2009095793 A JP 2009095793A
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waste plastic
waste plastics
sorting
sorter
wind
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JP4906669B2 (en
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Yasuhiko Mori
泰彦 森
Masataka Adachi
政隆 安達
Tomonori Kamioka
知紀 上岡
Eiichiro Imayasu
英一郎 今安
Yoshinori Takahashi
良典 高橋
Akiyoshi Oshio
昭義 大塩
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Nippon Steel Corp
Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
Nippon Steel Plant Designing Corp
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Nittetsu Plant Designing Corp
Nippon Steel Corp
Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for the pneumatic separation of waste plastics which can surely remove foreign matter by a simple separation process with the number of devices reduced and secure the recovery of the waste plastics. <P>SOLUTION: In the pneumatic separation method, the waste plastics are treated in turn by a process for unpacking and roughly crushing a plastic bale of the selectively collected waste plastics, a process for separating heavy objects containing foreign matter and the waste plastics and the waste plastics from the unpacked waste plastics by the first pneumatic separator 4, a process for separating the waste plastics from the heavy objects by the second pneumatic separator 8, and a process for crushing the waste plastics separated by the first pneumatic separator 4 and the second pneumatic separator 8. The blow air volume of the first pneumatic separator is adjusted to 150-200 m<SP>3</SP>/min, and the blow air volume of the second pneumatic separator is adjusted to 30-45 m<SP>3</SP>/min to separate the waste plastics. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、容器、包装などの廃プラスチックを再商品化プロセスに供するため、分別収集された廃プラスチックから良品の廃プラスチックの回収率を向上させる廃プラスチック風力選別方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a waste plastic wind sorting method for improving the recovery rate of non-defective waste plastic from separately collected waste plastic in order to use waste plastic such as containers and packaging in a re-commercialization process.

容器包装リサイクル法によって、一般市民から排出され、自治体により分別収集された容器、包装などの廃プラスチックは、コークス原料などとしてリサイクルする設備において選別される。通常、収集された廃プラスチックは金属などの異物を含むため、収集廃プラスチックを破砕した後、風力分離機により異物を含む重質物と廃プラスチックを多く含む軽質物とに選別される。選別された軽質物は、減容成形機により減容成形され、ペレットが製造される。   According to the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law, waste plastics such as containers and packaging discharged from the general public and separated and collected by local governments are sorted out in facilities that recycle them as coke raw materials. Usually, since collected waste plastic contains foreign substances such as metal, after the collected waste plastic is crushed, it is sorted by a wind separator into a heavy product containing foreign matter and a light product containing a lot of waste plastic. The selected light product is reduced in volume by a volume reduction molding machine to produce pellets.

特許文献１には、分別回収された廃プラスチックをリサイクル利用するために、収集廃プラスチックを開梱もしくは切断し、開梱、切断された廃プラスチック中から手選別および／または振動ふるいを用いて混在する異物を分離除去し、異物を除去された廃プラスチックを破砕し、破砕された廃プラスチック中から乾式重力分級機によって廃プラスチックを分離して回収する方式が開示されている。   In Patent Document 1, in order to recycle waste plastics collected separately, the collected waste plastics are unpacked or cut and mixed using unsorted and cut waste plastics by hand sorting and / or vibrating sieves. A method of separating and removing foreign substances to be removed, crushing the waste plastic from which the foreign substances have been removed, and separating and recovering the waste plastic from the crushed waste plastic by a dry gravity classifier is disclosed.

図３は、従来の廃プラスチック選別方法の工程を示す図である。   FIG. 3 is a diagram showing steps of a conventional waste plastic sorting method.

分別収集された廃プラスチックを圧縮・減容し、袋詰めしたプラベール１１は、開梱・粗破砕機１２で破袋され、粗破砕される。次いで風力分離機１３で異物を含む重質物と廃プラスチックを多く含む軽質物に選別される。   The plastic veil 11 which is compressed and volume-reduced and collected in a separately collected waste plastic and packed in a bag is broken by an unpacking / rough crusher 12 and is roughly crushed. Next, the wind separator 13 sorts the heavy material containing foreign substances and the light material containing a lot of waste plastic.

風力分離機１３で選別された軽質物は、二次破砕機１８で破砕され、ペレット化に適したフラフにされ、フラフはホッパ１９に貯留される。   The light matter selected by the wind separator 13 is crushed by the secondary crusher 18 to be a fluff suitable for pelletization, and the fluff is stored in the hopper 19.

一方、風力分離機１３で選別された異物を含む重量物は、手選別１４により金属、陶磁器などの異物を除去した後、粗破砕機１５で粗破砕される。破砕物は、磁力選別機１６で鉄やアルミなどの金属類が除去された後、風力分離機１７により重質物と軽質物に選別される。選別された軽質物は二次破砕機１８で破砕され、得られたフラフはホッパ１９に貯留され、重質物は残渣２０として処理される。
特開２００４−１８８６９５号公報 On the other hand, a heavy object containing foreign matter sorted by the wind separator 13 is roughly crushed by the coarse crusher 15 after removing foreign matters such as metal and ceramics by the manual sorting 14. The crushed material is sorted into heavy and light by the wind separator 17 after metals such as iron and aluminum are removed by the magnetic separator 16. The sorted light matter is crushed by the secondary crusher 18, the obtained fluff is stored in the hopper 19, and the heavy matter is processed as a residue 20.
JP 2004-188695 A

前記従来の廃プラスチック選別方法では、異物が過度に多い廃プラスチックを投入すると、後段の破砕機に異物が混入し、刃物の早期損耗により安定稼働を損ねるという課題があった。   In the conventional waste plastic sorting method, when waste plastic containing excessively large amount of foreign matter is introduced, the foreign matter is mixed into the subsequent crusher and the stable operation is impaired due to the early wear of the blade.

また、風力分離機では異物選別を確実に行うために風力を下げると、良品の廃プラスチックの回収率が低下するため、容器包装リサイクル協会ガイドラインの回収率８５％以上の確保が難しくなるおそれがあった。   Also, with wind power separators, if the wind power is lowered to ensure the separation of foreign matter, the recovery rate of good waste plastics will decrease, which may make it difficult to ensure a recovery rate of 85% or higher in the Containers and Packaging Recycling Association Guidelines. It was.

また、容器包装リサイクル法施行当初は、このリサイクル法が一般市民に十分浸透していなかったため収集廃プラスチックに異物が多く含まれており、手選別を必要としていたが、容器包装リサイクル協会の引き取り品質基準が厳格化されても、含まれる異物の選別はほぼ可能であった。   Also, at the beginning of the Enforcement of the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law, the recycling law did not sufficiently permeate the general public, so a lot of foreign matter was contained in the collected waste plastic, and manual sorting was required. Even if the standards were tightened, it was almost possible to sort out contained foreign substances.

しかしながら、従来の廃プラスチック選別方法は、風力分離機、手選別ブース、破砕機などの機器点数が多く工程が複雑であり、さらに手選別は手選別要員が必要であるためコスト高となっていた。   However, the conventional waste plastic sorting method has a large number of equipment such as a wind separator, a hand sorting booth, and a crusher, and the process is complicated. Further, manual sorting requires high cost because it requires manual sorting personnel. .

そこで、本発明は、機器点数を減らした簡易な選別プロセスにするとともに、異物を確実に除去して廃プラスチックの回収率を確保することができる廃プラスチック風力選別方法を提供するものである。   Therefore, the present invention provides a waste plastic wind sorting method capable of ensuring a recovery rate of waste plastic by reliably removing foreign substances while making a simple sorting process with a reduced number of devices.

本発明の廃プラスチック風力選別方法は、風力選別を２段化し、１段目の風力選別機で粗選別、２段目の風力選別機で精選別できるプロセスとするものである。１段目風力選別機の重質側に２段目風力選別機を設ける簡易な選別プロセスにより、１段目風力選別機で重質物に共連れされた良品廃プラスチックを２段目風力選別機で回収するものである。   The waste plastic wind sorting method according to the present invention is a process in which wind sorting is performed in two stages, and the first stage wind sorting machine performs rough sorting and the second stage wind sorting machine performs fine sorting. By using a simple sorting process to install a second-stage wind sorter on the heavy side of the first-stage wind sorter, the second-stage wind sorter removes non-defective waste plastic that was brought together with heavy materials by the first-stage wind sorter. It is to be collected.

本発明の廃プラスチック風力選別方法は、分別収集された廃プラスチックのプラベールを開梱・粗破砕する工程、開梱した廃プラスチック中から１段目風力選別機により異物と廃プラスチックを含む重質物と廃プラスチックを選別する工程、前記重質物から２段目風力選別機により廃プラスチックを選別する工程、１段目風力選別機及び２段目風力選別機により選別された前記廃プラスチックを破砕する工程で順次処理することを特徴とする。   The waste plastic wind sorting method according to the present invention includes a step of unpacking and roughly crushing a waste plastic plate that has been collected separately, and a heavy material containing foreign matter and waste plastic from the unpacked waste plastic by a first-stage wind sorting machine. A step of sorting waste plastic, a step of sorting waste plastic from the heavy material by a second stage wind sorter, a step of crushing the waste plastic sorted by the first stage wind sorter and the second stage wind sorter It is characterized by processing sequentially.

１段目風力選別機の押し込み風量を１５０〜２００ｍ３／ｍｉｎにして粗選別し、２段目風力選別機の押し込み風量を３０〜４５ｍ３／ｍｉｎにして精選別する。 The first stage wind power sorter has an indentation airflow of 150 to 200 m 3 / min and is roughly sorted, and the second stage wind power sorter has an indentation airflow of 30 to 45 m 3 / min and is finely sorted.

本発明は、１段目風力選別機の重質側に２段目風力選別機を設置し、１段目風力選別機により重質側に異物を積極的に落として確実に除去することができる。この選別により重質側に共連れする廃プラスチックが多く含まれることになるが、２段目風力選別機で重質物を異物と廃プラスチックに精選別して共連れする廃プラスチックを回収する機能を持たせる。その結果、異物を確実に除去するとともに、共連れする良品廃プラスチックを回収できるので、回収率を確保することが可能となる。各風力選別機の風量調整により、異物除去率と回収率を最適に調整することもできる。   In the present invention, a second-stage wind power sorter is installed on the heavy side of the first-stage wind power sorter, and foreign substances can be positively dropped on the heavy side by the first-stage wind power sorter and reliably removed. . This sort of waste will contain a lot of waste plastic that will be brought together on the heavy side, but the second-stage wind sorter will have the function of collecting the waste plastic that is taken together by carefully sorting heavy materials into foreign materials and waste plastic. . As a result, it is possible to reliably remove foreign substances and to recover non-defective plastic waste that is accompanied with it, thereby ensuring a recovery rate. By adjusting the air volume of each wind sorter, the foreign matter removal rate and recovery rate can be adjusted optimally.

また、本発明では、図３に示す従来の選別フローから、風力分離、手選別、破砕機の工程を省略するので、機器点数を減らすことができる。   Further, in the present invention, since the steps of wind separation, manual sorting, and crushing machine are omitted from the conventional sorting flow shown in FIG. 3, the number of equipment can be reduced.

また、本発明は、手選別を必要としないので、手選別要員も不要となる。また、従来の手選別有りのプロセスと同等以上の回収率を確認した。   Moreover, since the present invention does not require manual sorting, manual sorting personnel are also unnecessary. In addition, the recovery rate was confirmed to be equal to or better than the conventional process with manual sorting.

本発明の実施例を、図を参照しながら説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は本発明による廃プラスチック風力選別方法の工程を示す図である。   FIG. 1 is a diagram showing steps of a waste plastic wind sorting method according to the present invention.

プラベール１は、開梱・粗破砕機２で開梱・粗破砕されて１５０ｍｍ×１５０ｍｍに粗破砕される。   The plastic veil 1 is unpacked and roughly crushed by the unpacking and rough crusher 2 and roughly crushed to 150 mm × 150 mm.

粗破砕物は、磁力選別機３により鉄などの金属類が除去される。   From the coarsely crushed material, metals such as iron are removed by the magnetic separator 3.

磁力選別された粗破砕物は、１段目風力選別機４で異物と廃プラスチッを含む重質物と実質的に廃プラスチックからなる軽質物に選別する。１段目風力選別機４では、重質側に異物を積極的に落として廃プラスチックに含まれる異物を確実に除去するために、押し込み風量を小さくし、例えば、従来２００ｍ３／ｍｉｎの風量を１５０〜２００ｍ３／ｍｉｎにする。 The coarsely crushed material subjected to magnetic separation is sorted by a first stage wind power sorter 4 into a heavy material including foreign matter and waste plastic, and a light material substantially composed of waste plastic. In the first stage wind power sorter 4, in order to positively remove foreign matter on the heavy side and reliably remove foreign matter contained in the waste plastic, the inflow air volume is reduced, for example, the conventional air volume of 200 m 3 / min. 150 to 200 m 3 / min.

１段目風力選別機４で選別された実質的に廃プラスチックからなる軽質物は、二次破砕機５で破砕されてペレット化に適したフラフになる。フラフは後工程で成形機６により成形され、成型品ホッパ７に貯留される。   The light material substantially made of waste plastic sorted by the first-stage wind power sorter 4 is crushed by the secondary crusher 5 and becomes a fluff suitable for pelletization. The fluff is formed by the molding machine 6 in a later process and stored in the molded product hopper 7.

一方、１段目風力選別機４で選別された重量物は、１段目風力選別機４で異物の他に共連れする廃プラスチックを含んでいるので、２段目風力選別機８で異物を含む残渣９と廃プラスチックに選別する。２段目風力選別機８の押し込み風量は、異物と廃プラスチックを選別するので、異物を確実に除去するため、３０〜４５ｍ３／ｍｉｎにして良品の廃プラスチックを回収する。 On the other hand, since the heavy goods sorted by the first-stage wind power sorter 4 include waste plastic that is accompanied by foreign substances in the first-stage wind power sorter 4, foreign substances are removed by the second-stage wind power sorter 8. Sort into residue 9 and waste plastic. Since the amount of indented air from the second stage wind power sorter 8 sorts out foreign substances and waste plastics, in order to reliably remove foreign substances, good waste plastics are collected at 30 to 45 m 3 / min.

２段目風力選別機８で選別され、回収された廃プラスチックは、１段目風力選別機４で選別された廃プラスチックと同様に、二次破砕機５で破砕されてペレット化に適したフラフとなる。   The waste plastic selected and recovered by the second stage wind power sorter 8 is crushed by the secondary crusher 5 and is suitable for pelletization in the same manner as the waste plastic sorted by the first stage wind power sorter 4. It becomes.

図２は本発明の廃プラスチック風力選別方法における廃プラスチックの収支を示す図である。なお、図２では、廃プラスチックを廃プラと記す。   FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the balance of waste plastic in the waste plastic wind sorting method of the present invention. In FIG. 2, the waste plastic is referred to as waste plastic.

図２において、投入量１００％のうち、磁力選別機３で金属を選別後、９８．４１％が１段目風力選別機４へ投入された。１段目風力選別機４では、９７．１６％の廃プラスチックが良品廃プラスチックとして軽質側に、１．２５％の廃プラスチックが異物とともに重質物として選別された。   In FIG. 2, out of the input amount of 100%, after the metal is sorted by the magnetic separator 3, 98.41% is thrown into the first stage wind separator 4. In the first stage wind power sorter 4, 97.16% of waste plastic was sorted as non-defective plastic on the light side, and 1.25% of waste plastic was sorted along with foreign substances as heavy.

１段目風力選別機４で選別された１．２５％の重質物は、２段目風力選別機８で０．６９％の廃プラスチックが軽質物として選別・回収され、残渣には０．１９％の廃プラスチックが回収できずに含まれていた。   The 1.25% heavy material selected by the first-stage wind power sorter 4 is sorted and recovered by the second-stage wind power sorter 8 as 0.69% waste plastic as a light material. % Of waste plastic was not recovered and was included.

廃プラスチックをコークス原料としてリサイクルする設備全体において、手選別のない本発明と従来の手選別について、その回収率（＝コークス炉投入量÷容器包装リサイクル廃プラスチック受入量）を比較した結果、従来方法の回収率が９０％であったの対して、本発明は９３％であった。このことから、本発明の回収率は、手選別なしにかかわらず、手選別する従来の方法以上であることが分かる。   As a result of comparing the recovery rate (= coke oven input / container recycling waste plastic acceptance amount) of the present invention without manual sorting and conventional manual sorting in the entire facility that recycles waste plastic as coke raw material, the conventional method The recovery rate of the present invention was 90%, whereas the present invention was 93%. From this, it can be seen that the recovery rate of the present invention is more than that of the conventional method of manual sorting regardless of the absence of manual sorting.

本発明による廃プラスチック風力選別方法の工程を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the process of the waste plastic wind sorting method by this invention. 本発明による廃プラスチック風力選別方法における廃プラスチックの収支を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the balance of the waste plastic in the waste plastic wind sorting method by this invention. 従来の廃プラスチック選別方法の工程を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the process of the conventional waste plastics sorting method.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１：プラベール ２：開梱・粗破砕機
３：磁力選別機 ４：１段目風力選別機
５：二次破砕機 ６：成形機
７：成型品ホッパ ８：２段目風力選別機
９：残渣
１１：プラベール １２：開梱・粗破砕機
１３：風力分離機 １４：手選別
１５：粗破砕機 １６：磁力選別機
１７：風力分離機 １８：二次破砕機
１９：ホッパ ２０：残渣 1: Praval 2: Unpacking / Rough crusher 3: Magnetic separator 4: First stage wind separator 5: Secondary crusher 6: Molding machine 7: Molded product hopper 8: Second stage wind separator 9: Residue 11: Praval 12: Unpacking / rough crusher 13: Wind separator 14: Manual sorting 15: Rough crusher 16: Magnetic separator 17: Wind separator 18: Secondary crusher 19: Hopper 20: Residue

Claims (2)

分別収集された廃プラスチックのプラベールを開梱・粗破砕する工程、開梱した廃プラスチック中から１段目風力選別機により異物と廃プラスチックを含む重質物と廃プラスチックを選別する工程、前記重質物から２段目風力選別機により廃プラスチックを選別する工程、１段目風力選別機及び２段目風力選別機により選別された前記廃プラスチックを破砕する工程で順次処理することを特徴とする廃プラスチック風力選別方法。   The process of unpacking and roughly crushing the waste plastic plate that has been collected separately, the process of sorting heavy and waste plastic containing foreign matter and waste plastic from the unpacked waste plastic using a first-stage wind power sorter, the heavy goods A waste plastic characterized in that it is sequentially processed in a step of sorting waste plastic by a second stage wind power sorter, and a step of crushing the waste plastic sorted by the first stage wind sorter and the second stage wind sorter. Wind sorting method. １段目風力選別機の押し込み風量を１５０〜２００ｍ３／ｍｉｎにして廃プラスチックを選別し、２段目風力選別機の押し込み風量を３０〜４５ｍ３／ｍｉｎにして廃プラスチックを選別することを特徴とする請求項１記載の廃プラスチック風力選別方法。 It is characterized by sorting waste plastics with a first stage wind sorter pushing air volume of 150-200 m 3 / min and selecting second stage wind sorter with a pushing air volume of 30-45 m 3 / min. The waste plastic wind sorting method according to claim 1.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09206689A (en) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-12 Nkk Corp Method for sorting waste
JP2000126688A (en) * 1998-10-28 2000-05-09 Nkk Corp Dry separation of waste plastic by specific gravity and shape
JP2001121538A (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-05-08 Nkk Corp Resource recovery method for general waste
JP2002273346A (en) * 2001-03-22 2002-09-24 Ngk Insulators Ltd Refuse selection method for refuse-derived solid fuel recovery

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09206689A (en) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-12 Nkk Corp Method for sorting waste
JP2000126688A (en) * 1998-10-28 2000-05-09 Nkk Corp Dry separation of waste plastic by specific gravity and shape
JP2001121538A (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-05-08 Nkk Corp Resource recovery method for general waste
JP2002273346A (en) * 2001-03-22 2002-09-24 Ngk Insulators Ltd Refuse selection method for refuse-derived solid fuel recovery

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