JP2009085155A - Bi-propellant thruster - Google Patents

Bi-propellant thruster Download PDF

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JP2009085155A
JP2009085155A JP2007258207A JP2007258207A JP2009085155A JP 2009085155 A JP2009085155 A JP 2009085155A JP 2007258207 A JP2007258207 A JP 2007258207A JP 2007258207 A JP2007258207 A JP 2007258207A JP 2009085155 A JP2009085155 A JP 2009085155A
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combustion gas
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JP4915868B2 (en
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Ichiro Nakagawa
一郎 那賀川
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IHI Aerospace Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bi-propellant thruster capable of attaining high ignitability and combustion stability when generating propellent combustion gas by using a HAN system oxidizing agent and hydrocarbon system fuel as low-toxicity oxidizing agent and fuel. <P>SOLUTION: The bi-propellant thruster comprises a primary combustor 3, which receives a catalyst 7 inside and generates primary combustion gas by causing the supplied HAN system oxidizing agent to be exothermically decomposed and combusted with the inside catalyst 7, and a secondary combustor 5 to which the primary combustion gas and the hydrocarbon system fuel are supplied and which generates secondary combustion gas by combusting the hydrocarbon system fuel with the primary combustion gas, and jets out the secondary combustion gas to generate thrust. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、液体酸化剤と液体燃料から燃焼ガスを生成し、これを噴出することで推力を得る２液スラスタに関する。   The present invention relates to a two-liquid thruster that generates a combustion gas from a liquid oxidant and a liquid fuel and obtains thrust by ejecting the combustion gas.

スラスタは、例えば、人工衛星などに搭載され、宇宙空間において人口衛星などの姿勢制御や軌道変更などを行うための推力を発生させる装置である。スラスタは、例えば、下記の特許文献１〜３に開示されている。   The thruster is a device that is mounted on, for example, an artificial satellite and generates thrust for performing attitude control, orbit change, and the like of an artificial satellite in space. The thrusters are disclosed in, for example, the following Patent Documents 1 to 3.

特許文献１には、液体燃料を用いた１液スラスタが開示されている。この１液スラスタでは、図２に示すように、スラスタ本体２１内に液体燃料であるヒドラジンを噴射するインジェクタ２３が設けられ、スラスタ本体２１内のチャンバ２２内には、触媒２５が充填され、その下流側にはノズル２７が設けられている。この構成により、インジェクタ２３から噴射されたヒドラジンは触媒２５により分解され、発生した分解ガスがノズル２７から噴出され推力が得られる。   Patent Document 1 discloses a one-component thruster using liquid fuel. In this one-component thruster, as shown in FIG. 2, an injector 23 for injecting hydrazine, which is a liquid fuel, is provided in the thruster body 21, and the chamber 22 in the thruster body 21 is filled with a catalyst 25. A nozzle 27 is provided on the downstream side. With this configuration, hydrazine injected from the injector 23 is decomposed by the catalyst 25, and the generated decomposition gas is injected from the nozzle 27 to obtain thrust.

特許文献２には、液体燃料と液体酸化剤を用いた２液スラスタが開示されている。この２液スラスタでは、図３に示すように、酸化剤として四酸化二窒素を燃焼室３１に噴射する酸化剤用ノズル３３と、燃料を燃焼室３１に噴射する燃料用ノズル３５とが設けられている。燃焼室３１内で酸化剤と燃料の混合ガスが燃焼させられ、その燃焼ガスがノズル３７から外部へ噴出され推力が得られる。   Patent Document 2 discloses a two-component thruster using a liquid fuel and a liquid oxidant. In this two-component thruster, as shown in FIG. 3, an oxidant nozzle 33 for injecting nitrous oxide as an oxidant into the combustion chamber 31 and a fuel nozzle 35 for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber 31 are provided. ing. A mixed gas of an oxidant and fuel is combusted in the combustion chamber 31, and the combustion gas is ejected from the nozzle 37 to the outside to obtain thrust.

特許文献３には、液体燃料と液体酸化剤を用いた別の２液スラスタが開示されている。この２液スラスタでは、図４に示すように、燃料タンク４１からヒドラジンなどの液体燃料が供給される触媒室４３が設けられ、触媒室４３の下流には燃焼器４５が設けられる。また、酸化剤タンク４７から燃焼器４５へ酸化剤が供給される。なお、符号４８は、酸化剤タンク４７から燃焼器４５内へ供給される前の酸化剤に燃焼器４５の熱を吸収させる熱交換器を示す。この構成により、触媒室４３の触媒により液体燃料から発生した高温分解ガスと、燃焼器４５でガス化した酸化剤とを燃焼させ、この燃焼ガスをノズル４９から噴射させて推力が得られる。
特開平１１−８２１７１号公報の図３など 「一液式ヒドラジンスラスタ」 特開昭６３−１４４１８５号公報 「二液推進機関」 特開平８−７４６６２号公報 「推力可変２液式エンジン」 特開２００４−３３１４２５号公報 「ＨＡＮ／ＨＮベースモノプロペラントとこれを用いた高温ガス発生方法」 特開２００７−２３１３５号公報 「液体酸化剤、これを用いた推進薬及び高温ガス発生方法」 Patent Document 3 discloses another two-component thruster using a liquid fuel and a liquid oxidant. In this two-component thruster, as shown in FIG. 4, a catalyst chamber 43 to which liquid fuel such as hydrazine is supplied from a fuel tank 41 is provided, and a combustor 45 is provided downstream of the catalyst chamber 43. Further, the oxidant is supplied from the oxidant tank 47 to the combustor 45. Reference numeral 48 denotes a heat exchanger that causes the oxidant before being supplied from the oxidant tank 47 into the combustor 45 to absorb the heat of the combustor 45. With this configuration, the high-temperature cracked gas generated from the liquid fuel by the catalyst in the catalyst chamber 43 and the oxidant gasified by the combustor 45 are burned, and the combustion gas is injected from the nozzle 49 to obtain thrust.
FIG. 3 of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-82171, etc. “One-component hydrazine thruster” JP 63-144185 A "Two-component propulsion engine" Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-74662 “Thrust variable two-component engine” JP, 2004-331425, A "HAN / HN base monopropellant and high temperature gas generation method using the same" JP, 2007-23135, A "Liquid oxidant, propellant using the same, and high-temperature gas generation method"

上述した１液スラスタまたは２液スラスタで使用されるヒドラジンや四酸化二窒素は有毒であるので、これらの取り扱い時には防護服が必要となる。そのため、毒性の低い酸化剤、燃料を用いることが望まれる。
低毒性の酸化剤としては、特許文献４、５に開示されたＨＡＮ系酸化剤がある。ＨＡＮ系酸化剤は、ヒドロキシルアンモニウムナイトレート（ＨＡＮ）、ヒドラジニウムナイトレート（ＨＮ）および水を含むＨＡＮ／ＨＮ混合系の酸化剤と燃料成分とからなる。このような成分を持つＨＡＮ系酸化剤は、毒性が低く、取り扱いが容易であり防護服の必要性を無くすことができる。なお、低毒性の燃料としては炭化水素系燃料がある。 Since hydrazine and dinitrogen tetroxide used in the above-described one-pack thruster or two-pack thruster are toxic, protective clothing is required when handling these. For this reason, it is desirable to use an oxidant and fuel with low toxicity.
As a low toxicity oxidizing agent, there are HAN oxidizing agents disclosed in Patent Documents 4 and 5. The HAN-based oxidant is composed of a HAN / HN mixed oxidant and a fuel component including hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN), hydrazinium nitrate (HN), and water. A HAN-based oxidizing agent having such components has low toxicity, is easy to handle, and can eliminate the need for protective clothing. In addition, there exists a hydrocarbon-type fuel as a low toxicity fuel.

そこで、本発明の目的は、低毒性の酸化剤および燃料としてＨＡＮ系酸化剤および炭化水素系燃料を用いて推進用燃焼ガスを発生させる場合に、高い着火性と燃焼安定性を実現できる２液スラスタを提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide two liquids that can realize high ignitability and combustion stability when generating a propellant combustion gas using a HAN oxidant and a hydrocarbon fuel as a low-toxic oxidant and fuel. To provide a thruster.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明によると、液体のＨＡＮ系酸化剤と液体の炭化水素系燃料とから燃焼ガスを生成しこれを噴出させることで、推力を発生させる２液スラスタであって、
内部に触媒を収容し、供給されるＨＡＮ系酸化剤を該触媒により発熱分解および燃焼させて１次燃焼ガスを生成する１次燃焼器と、
前記１次燃焼ガスと炭化水素系燃料とが供給され、前記１次燃焼ガスにより前記炭化水素系燃料を燃焼させて２次燃焼ガスを生成する２次燃焼器と、を備え、
前記２次燃焼ガスを噴出して推力を得る、ことを特徴とする２液スラスタが提供される。 In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a two-liquid thruster that generates thrust by generating combustion gas from a liquid HAN-based oxidant and a liquid hydrocarbon-based fuel and ejecting the combustion gas. ,
A primary combustor that contains a catalyst therein and generates a primary combustion gas by exothermic decomposition and combustion of the supplied HAN-based oxidant by the catalyst;
A secondary combustor that is supplied with the primary combustion gas and a hydrocarbon-based fuel, and burns the hydrocarbon-based fuel with the primary combustion gas to generate a secondary combustion gas;
There is provided a two-liquid thruster characterized by ejecting the secondary combustion gas to obtain thrust.

上記構成では、ＨＡＮ系酸化剤は、１次燃焼器で触媒により発熱分解および燃焼させられて、高温の１次燃焼ガスとなった後、２次燃焼器で炭化水素系燃料を燃焼させるので、安定してかつ効率よく炭化水素系燃料を燃焼させることができる。従って、ＨＡＮ系酸化剤と炭化水素系燃料との組み合わせを用いる場合に、高い着火性と燃焼安定性を実現することができる。
また、有毒なヒドラジン、四酸化二窒素を用いず、毒性の低いＨＡＮ系酸化剤および炭化水素系燃料を用いるので、低毒化が図られる。 In the above configuration, since the HAN-based oxidant is exothermicly decomposed and burned by the catalyst in the primary combustor to become a high-temperature primary combustion gas, the hydrocarbon-based fuel is burned in the secondary combustor. The hydrocarbon fuel can be combusted stably and efficiently. Therefore, high ignitability and combustion stability can be achieved when a combination of a HAN oxidant and a hydrocarbon fuel is used.
Further, since toxic hydrazine and dinitrogen tetroxide are not used, and a toxic HAN oxidant and hydrocarbon fuel are used, the poisoning can be reduced.

本発明の好ましい実施形態によると、前記１次燃焼器は、供給される前記ＨＡＮ系酸化剤を発熱分解させてガスを生成する触媒室と、この触媒室の下流側に設けられ前記触媒室で生成された前記ガスを燃焼させて前記１次燃焼ガスを生成する燃焼室と、を有する。   According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the primary combustor includes a catalyst chamber for generating gas by exothermic decomposition of the supplied HAN-based oxidant, and a catalyst chamber provided downstream of the catalyst chamber. A combustion chamber for combusting the generated gas to generate the primary combustion gas.

上記構成では、前記１次燃焼器は、供給される前記ＨＡＮ系酸化剤を発熱分解させてガスを生成する触媒室と、この触媒室の下流側に設けられ前記触媒室で生成された前記ガスを燃焼させて前記１次燃焼ガスを生成する燃焼室と、を有するので、この燃焼室において、触媒室で生成された前記ガスを確実に燃焼させて１次燃焼ガスを生成することができる。   In the above-described configuration, the primary combustor includes a catalyst chamber that generates gas by exothermic decomposition of the supplied HAN-based oxidant, and the gas generated in the catalyst chamber that is provided downstream of the catalyst chamber. And a combustion chamber that generates the primary combustion gas by burning the gas, the primary combustion gas can be generated by reliably burning the gas generated in the catalyst chamber in the combustion chamber.

本発明の好ましい実施形態によると、前記１次燃焼器の下流側にて前記１次燃焼ガスを前記２次燃焼器に噴出するノズルを備える。   According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a nozzle is provided for injecting the primary combustion gas into the secondary combustor on the downstream side of the primary combustor.

上記構成では、高温の１次燃焼ガスがノズルにより２次燃焼器に噴出されるので、高温の１次燃焼ガスを２次燃焼器内の炭化水素系燃料に効果的に衝突混合させることができる。これにより、一層高い着火性と燃焼安定性を実現することができる。   In the above configuration, since the high temperature primary combustion gas is ejected to the secondary combustor by the nozzle, the high temperature primary combustion gas can be effectively colliding and mixed with the hydrocarbon-based fuel in the secondary combustor. . Thereby, higher ignitability and combustion stability can be realized.

上述した本発明によると、低毒性の酸化剤と燃料としてＨＡＮ系酸化剤と炭化水素系燃料を用いて推進用燃焼ガスを発生させる場合に、高い着火性と燃焼安定性を実現できる。   According to the present invention described above, high ignitability and combustion stability can be realized when a propellant combustion gas is generated using a HAN oxidant and a hydrocarbon fuel as a low toxicity oxidant and fuel.

本発明を実施するための最良の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。   The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は、本発明の実施形態による２液スラスタ１０の構成を示す断面図である。本実施形態による２液スラスタ１０は液体のＨＡＮ系酸化剤と液体の炭化水素系燃料とから燃焼ガスを生成しこれを噴出させることで、推力を発生させるものである。   FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a two-liquid thruster 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The two-liquid thruster 10 according to the present embodiment generates a thrust by generating a combustion gas from a liquid HAN-based oxidant and a liquid hydrocarbon-based fuel and ejecting the combustion gas.

本実施形態では、ＨＡＮ系酸化剤は、ヒドロキシルアンモニウムナイトレート（ＨＡＮ）、ヒドラジニウムナイトレート（ＨＮ）および水を含むＨＡＮ／ＨＮ混合系の酸化剤である。例えば、ＨＡＮ系酸化剤の組成は、ＨＡＮの含有量が４０〜６０重量％であり、ＨＮの含有量が２０〜３０重量％であり、さらに水（Ｈ２Ｏ）を含む。 In the present embodiment, the HAN-based oxidant is a HAN / HN mixed oxidant including hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN), hydrazinium nitrate (HN), and water. For example, the composition of the HAN-based oxidizing agent has a HAN content of 40 to 60% by weight, a HN content of 20 to 30% by weight, and further contains water (H 2 O).

２液スラスタ１０は、図１に示すように１次燃焼器３と２次燃焼器５を備える。   The two-component thruster 10 includes a primary combustor 3 and a secondary combustor 5 as shown in FIG.

１次燃焼器３は、内部に触媒７を収容し、供給されるＨＡＮ系酸化剤を、触媒７により、発熱分解させ、さらに燃焼反応させて、高温の１次燃焼ガスを生成する。ＨＡＮ系酸化剤は、酸化剤タンク（図示せず）に貯蔵されている。この酸化剤タンクは、流量制御弁などのバルブ（図示せず）を介して１次燃焼器３に接続されたされており、酸化剤タンクから上記バルブおよび噴射口８を通して１次燃焼器３内に噴射される。
１次燃焼器３は、その内部に触媒室１１と燃焼室１２とを有する。触媒室１２は、その内部に収納された触媒７により、供給されるＨＡＮ系酸化剤を発熱分解させて高温ガスを生成する。触媒室１２は、例えば、網状部材９と１次燃焼器３の内壁により区画される。このような触媒室１１内に、触媒７が充填される。なお、網状部材９の目の細かさは、粒状の触媒７が通過できないようになっている。一方、燃焼室（燃焼空間）１２は、触媒室１１の下流側に設けられる。この燃焼室１２において、触媒室１１からの高温ガスが燃焼（燃焼反応）することで、１次燃焼ガスが生成される。
また、１次燃焼器３の下流側には、高温の１次燃焼ガスを２次燃焼器５に噴出するノズル１３が設けられている。 The primary combustor 3 accommodates a catalyst 7 therein, and the supplied HAN-based oxidant is exothermically decomposed by the catalyst 7 and further subjected to a combustion reaction to generate a high-temperature primary combustion gas. The HAN-based oxidizer is stored in an oxidizer tank (not shown). The oxidant tank is connected to the primary combustor 3 via a valve (not shown) such as a flow rate control valve, and the oxidant tank is connected to the primary combustor 3 through the valve and the injection port 8 from the oxidant tank. Is injected into.
The primary combustor 3 has a catalyst chamber 11 and a combustion chamber 12 therein. The catalyst chamber 12 generates a high-temperature gas by exothermic decomposition of the supplied HAN-based oxidant by the catalyst 7 housed therein. The catalyst chamber 12 is partitioned by, for example, the mesh member 9 and the inner wall of the primary combustor 3. The catalyst 7 is filled in such a catalyst chamber 11. The fineness of the mesh member 9 is such that the granular catalyst 7 cannot pass through. On the other hand, the combustion chamber (combustion space) 12 is provided on the downstream side of the catalyst chamber 11. In the combustion chamber 12, the high-temperature gas from the catalyst chamber 11 is combusted (combustion reaction), whereby primary combustion gas is generated.
Further, a nozzle 13 that ejects high-temperature primary combustion gas to the secondary combustor 5 is provided on the downstream side of the primary combustor 3.

２次燃焼器５は、上記高温の１次燃焼ガスと炭化水素系燃料とが供給され、高温の１次燃焼ガスにより炭化水素系燃料を燃焼させて２次燃焼ガスを生成する。炭化水素系燃料は、燃料タンク（図示せず）に貯蔵されている。この燃料タンクは流量制御弁などのバルブ（図示せず）を介して２次燃焼器５に接続されており、燃料タンクからの炭化水素系燃料が上記バルブおよび噴射口１５を通して２次燃焼器５内に噴射される。図１の例では、ノズル１３から噴出される１次燃焼ガスの流れに斜め方向から炭化水素系燃料を噴出するように噴射口１５が配置される。これにより、炭化水素系燃を１次燃焼ガスに衝突混合させることができる。   The secondary combustor 5 is supplied with the high-temperature primary combustion gas and the hydrocarbon-based fuel, and burns the hydrocarbon-based fuel with the high-temperature primary combustion gas to generate the secondary combustion gas. The hydrocarbon fuel is stored in a fuel tank (not shown). This fuel tank is connected to the secondary combustor 5 through a valve (not shown) such as a flow rate control valve, and the hydrocarbon-based fuel from the fuel tank passes through the valve and the injection port 15 to form the secondary combustor 5. Is injected into the inside. In the example of FIG. 1, the injection port 15 is disposed so as to inject hydrocarbon-based fuel from an oblique direction into the flow of the primary combustion gas ejected from the nozzle 13. Thereby, the hydrocarbon-based fuel can be collision-mixed with the primary combustion gas.

燃料器の下流側にはノズル１７が設けられ、２次燃焼器５により生成された２次燃焼ガスを膨張させて噴射し、推力を発生させる。   A nozzle 17 is provided on the downstream side of the fuel unit, and the secondary combustion gas generated by the secondary combustor 5 is expanded and injected to generate thrust.

次に、上述した２液スラスタ１０の作用について説明する。まず、噴射口８から１次燃焼器３内にＨＡＮ系酸化剤が噴射される。このＨＡＮ系酸化剤が、触媒室１１を通過する間に触媒７により分解発熱させられ、これにより、高温ガスが生成される。この高温ガスが、燃焼室１２で燃焼することで、１次燃焼ガスが生成される。
さらに、高温の１次燃焼ガスはノズル１３から２次燃焼器５内へ噴射される。一方、炭化水素系燃料が２次燃焼器５内へ噴射される。この時、炭化水素系燃料は、噴射された１次燃焼ガスの流れに斜め方向から衝突するように噴射される。これにより、炭化水素系燃料が高温の１次燃焼ガスによって安定して着火、燃焼させられる。 Next, the operation of the above-described two-liquid thruster 10 will be described. First, a HAN oxidant is injected from the injection port 8 into the primary combustor 3. The HAN-based oxidant is decomposed and heated by the catalyst 7 while passing through the catalyst chamber 11, thereby generating high-temperature gas. The high temperature gas burns in the combustion chamber 12 to generate primary combustion gas.
Further, the hot primary combustion gas is injected into the secondary combustor 5 from the nozzle 13. On the other hand, hydrocarbon fuel is injected into the secondary combustor 5. At this time, the hydrocarbon fuel is injected so as to collide with the flow of the injected primary combustion gas from an oblique direction. Thereby, the hydrocarbon fuel is stably ignited and burned by the high-temperature primary combustion gas.

［表１］は、本実施形態による２液スラスタ１０の理論性能と従来のスラスタの理論性能とを比較した表である。   [Table 1] is a table comparing the theoretical performance of the two-liquid thruster 10 according to this embodiment with the theoretical performance of a conventional thruster.

Figure 2009085155
Figure 2009085155

［表１］において、「従来１液」の列は、ヒドラジンを用いた従来の１液スラスタの場合であり、「従来２液」の列は、ヒドラジンと四酸化二窒素を用いた従来の２液スラスタ１０の場合であり、「低毒１液」の列は、ＨＡＮ系酸化剤を用いた１液スラスタの場合であり、「低毒２液」は、本発明の実施形態による２液スラスタ１０の場合である。なお、［表１］において、ＪＥＴ−Ａは、一般的に使用されている炭化水素系燃料である。
［表１］から分かるように、本実施形態による２液スラスタ１０では、酸化剤、燃料が低毒であるだけでなく、十分に高い理論性能を得ることができる。特に、本実施形態による２液スラスタ１０は、低毒１液の場合と比較すると、理論性能が大幅に向上していることが分かる。 In [Table 1], the column of “Conventional 1 liquid” is the case of the conventional 1 liquid thruster using hydrazine, and the line of “Conventional 2 liquid” is the conventional 2 using hydrazine and dinitrogen tetroxide. In the case of the liquid thruster 10, the column of “low poison 1 liquid” is a case of 1 liquid thruster using a HAN-based oxidizing agent, and “low poison 2 liquid” is a two liquid thruster according to the embodiment of the present invention. This is the case of 10. In [Table 1], JET-A is a generally used hydrocarbon fuel.
As can be seen from [Table 1], in the two-liquid thruster 10 according to the present embodiment, not only the oxidizing agent and the fuel are low poisoned, but also a sufficiently high theoretical performance can be obtained. In particular, it can be seen that the theoretical performance of the two-liquid thruster 10 according to the present embodiment is greatly improved as compared with the case of the low-toxic one liquid.

上述した本発明の実施形態による２液スラスタ１０では、ＨＡＮ系酸化剤は、１次燃焼器３で触媒７により発熱分解させられたのち燃焼して高温の１次燃焼ガスとなった後、２次燃焼器５で炭化水素系燃料を燃焼させるので、安定してかつ効率よく炭化水素系燃料を燃焼させることができる。従って、ＨＡＮ系酸化剤と炭化水素系燃料との組み合わせを用いる場合に、高い着火性と燃焼安定性を実現することができる。また、有毒なヒドラジン、四酸化二窒素を用いず、毒性の低いＨＡＮ系酸化剤および炭化水素系燃料を用いるので、低毒化が図られる。
また、１次燃焼器３は、供給されるＨＡＮ系酸化剤を発熱分解させて高温ガスを生成する触媒室１１と、この触媒室１１の下流側に設けられ触媒室１１で生成された高温ガスを燃焼させて１次燃焼ガスを生成する燃焼室１２と、を有するので、この燃焼室１２において、触媒室１１で生成された高温ガスを確実に燃焼させて１次燃焼ガスを生成することができる。
さらに、高温の１次燃焼ガスがノズル１３により２次燃焼器５に噴出されるので、高温の１次燃焼ガスを炭化水素系燃料に効果的に衝突混合させることができる。これにより、一層高い着火性と燃焼安定性を実現することができる。 In the above-described two-component thruster 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the HAN-based oxidant is exothermically decomposed by the catalyst 7 in the primary combustor 3 and then burned to become a high-temperature primary combustion gas. Since the hydrocarbon fuel is combusted in the next combustor 5, the hydrocarbon fuel can be combusted stably and efficiently. Therefore, high ignitability and combustion stability can be achieved when a combination of a HAN oxidant and a hydrocarbon fuel is used. Further, since toxic hydrazine and dinitrogen tetroxide are not used, and a toxic HAN oxidant and hydrocarbon fuel are used, the poisoning can be reduced.
The primary combustor 3 includes a catalyst chamber 11 that generates a high-temperature gas by exothermic decomposition of a supplied HAN-based oxidant, and a high-temperature gas that is provided downstream of the catalyst chamber 11 and is generated in the catalyst chamber 11. And a combustion chamber 12 that generates primary combustion gas by burning the gas, and in this combustion chamber 12, the high-temperature gas generated in the catalyst chamber 11 can be reliably burned to generate the primary combustion gas. it can.
Furthermore, since the high-temperature primary combustion gas is ejected from the nozzle 13 to the secondary combustor 5, the high-temperature primary combustion gas can be effectively collided with the hydrocarbon fuel. Thereby, higher ignitability and combustion stability can be realized.

本発明は上述した実施の形態に限定されず、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。   The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

本発明の実施形態による２液スラスタの構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 2 liquid thruster by embodiment of this invention. 特許文献１の１液スラスタの構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 1 liquid thruster of patent document 1. FIG. 特許文献２の２液スラスタの構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 2 liquid thruster of patent document 2. FIG. 特許文献３の２液スラスタの構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the 2 liquid thruster of patent document 3. FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

３ １次燃焼器、５ ２次燃焼器、７ 触媒、
８ 噴射口、９ 網状部材、１０ ２液スラスタ、
１１ 触媒室、１２ 燃焼室１２、１３ ノズル、
１５ 噴射口、１７ ノズル 3 Primary combustor, 5 Secondary combustor, 7 Catalyst,
8 injection port, 9 mesh member, 10 2 liquid thruster,
11 catalyst chamber, 12 combustion chamber 12, 13 nozzle,
15 injection ports, 17 nozzles

Claims (3)

液体のＨＡＮ系酸化剤と液体の炭化水素系燃料とから燃焼ガスを生成しこれを噴出させることで、推力を発生させる２液スラスタであって、
内部に触媒を収容し、供給されるＨＡＮ系酸化剤を該触媒により発熱分解および燃焼させて１次燃焼ガスを生成する１次燃焼器と、
前記１次燃焼ガスと炭化水素系燃料とが供給され、前記１次燃焼ガスにより前記炭化水素系燃料を燃焼させて２次燃焼ガスを生成する２次燃焼器と、を備え、
前記２次燃焼ガスを噴出して推力を発生させる、ことを特徴とする２液スラスタ。 A two-component thruster that generates thrust by generating combustion gas from a liquid HAN-based oxidant and a liquid hydrocarbon-based fuel and ejecting the combustion gas,
A primary combustor that contains a catalyst therein and generates a primary combustion gas by exothermic decomposition and combustion of the supplied HAN-based oxidant by the catalyst;
A secondary combustor that is supplied with the primary combustion gas and a hydrocarbon-based fuel, and burns the hydrocarbon-based fuel with the primary combustion gas to generate a secondary combustion gas;
A two-liquid thruster characterized by jetting the secondary combustion gas to generate thrust. 前記１次燃焼器は、
供給される前記ＨＡＮ系酸化剤を発熱分解させてガスを生成する触媒室と、
この触媒室の下流側に設けられ、前記触媒室で生成された前記ガスを燃焼させて前記１次燃焼ガスを生成する燃焼室と、を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の２液スラスタ。 The primary combustor
A catalyst chamber for generating gas by exothermic decomposition of the supplied HAN-based oxidant;
2. The combustion chamber according to claim 1, further comprising a combustion chamber that is provided downstream of the catalyst chamber and that generates the primary combustion gas by burning the gas generated in the catalyst chamber. Liquid thruster. 前記１次燃焼器の下流側にて前記１次燃焼ガスを前記２次燃焼器に噴出するノズルを備える、ことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の２液スラスタ。   The two-liquid thruster according to claim 1, further comprising a nozzle that ejects the primary combustion gas to the secondary combustor on the downstream side of the primary combustor.
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