JP2009052199A - Building - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a building capable of enhancing the effect of suppressing deformation of an opening. <P>SOLUTION: External and internal wall materials 22 and 39 are arranged on both the indoor and outdoor sides of a muntin 31 which constitutes an opening frame 30, respectively. The wall materials 22 and 39 are mounted in a structural frame as a main structure. A clearance C1 is provided between an end surface of the external wall material 22 and a parting mounting portion 40c of a window frame 40 which is mounted on the muntin 31. A clearance C2 is provided between a uniformly-finished surface end 41 of the window frame, which is provided at the outdoor-side leading end of the parting mounting portion 40c, and the external wall material 22. An indoor parting plate 45 is provided on the indoor side with respect to a window sash 24 in the window frame 40; a clearance C3 is provided between the indoor parting plate 45 and an end surface of the internal wall material 39; and a clearance C4 is provided between the indoor parting plate 45 and a surface of the internal wall material 39. Consequently, the respective wall materials 22 and 39 and the opening frame 30 can be relatively moved. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a building having openings such as windows and entrances.

  When an external force is applied to a building such as a house due to an earthquake or the like, openings such as windows and entrances may be deformed, making it difficult to open and close the shoji and doors. For this reason, there has been a problem that the access through the opening is hindered during evacuation.

  In order to solve the above problem, a main structure composed of columns, beams, and the like and a sub structure forming an opening such as a window are provided independently, and the main structure and the sub structure are provided. A technique has been proposed in which a body is connected by a damper that absorbs vibration energy (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

According to this, by making the natural frequency different between the main structure and the sub-structure, the mutual vibrations cancel each other through the damper, and the vibration is suppressed. Further, the vibration itself is attenuated by the damper. By these actions, the deformation of the sub structure is suppressed, and the opening and closing of the door and the like can be ensured at the opening. As a result, the opening can be used as an emergency exit.
JP 2001-207549 A

  Here, wall materials such as an outer wall material and an inner wall material are attached to the main structure body and the sub structure body in order to form an indoor space. Therefore, in the above technique, there is a possibility that the vibration applied to the main structure is transmitted to the sub-structure through the wall material when the vibration due to the earthquake or the like occurs, and the opening is deformed. Therefore, it is considered insufficient in terms of the effect of suppressing deformation of the opening.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said situation, and makes it the main objective to provide the building which can raise the deformation | transformation suppression effect of an opening part.

  Hereinafter, means and the like effective for solving the above-described problems will be described while showing functions and effects as necessary. In the following, in order to facilitate understanding, a corresponding configuration example in the embodiment of the invention is appropriately shown in parentheses, etc., but is not limited to the specific configuration shown in parentheses.

Means 1. In a building comprising a main structure (structural frame 20) and a sub-structure (opening frame 30) provided so as to be displaceable independently of the main structure and forming an opening,
The building is characterized in that a wall material (outer wall material 22, inner wall material 39) is attached to the main structure, and the wall material and the sub structure are provided to be relatively movable.

  According to the means 1, the wall member attached to the main structure and the sub structure are provided so as to be relatively movable. Thereby, even when a shake due to an earthquake or the like occurs, it is possible to suppress a problem that the vibration applied to the main structure is transmitted to the sub structure through the wall material and the opening is deformed. As a result, the opening can be used as an emergency exit when a shake occurs due to an earthquake or the like.

Mean 2. At least one of the sub-structure and an opening frame member (window frame 40, window frame part-off 41, indoor parting plate 45) provided integrally with the sub-structure and the peripheral end of the wall member are provided to face each other. Building
The building according to means 1, wherein a first clearance (clearances C1, C3) is provided in the surface direction of the wall material between the two facing each other so that both of them can be relatively moved in the horizontal direction.

  According to the means 2, when the wall material vibrates at the time of occurrence of a shake due to an earthquake or the like, the interference between the wall material and the sub structure can be avoided if the vibration is within the range of the first clearance. Thereby, it is possible to solve the problem that the vibration of the wall material is transmitted to the substructure and the opening is deformed.

  Means 3. The first clearance is provided with a dimension that allows relative movement between the wall material and the sub structure even when an interlayer deformation angle (δ / h) is a predetermined maximum value in the building. The building according to means 1 or 2.

  According to the means 3, even when the building is deformed to the maximum within the range assumed in advance, the wall material and the sub-structure are relatively moved, and the deformation of the opening can be suppressed.

Means 4. A building provided with at least one of the sub-structure and an opening frame member (window frame 40, window frame part-off 41, indoor parting plate 45) provided integrally with the sub-structure and the wall surface of the wall material facing each other And
The second clearance (clearances C2 and C4) is provided between the two facing members in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the wall material, and the both can be moved relative to each other in the horizontal direction. building.

  According to the means 4, since the second clearance is provided between the wall material and the opening frame member that overlap in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the wall material, the main structure and the sub-structure can be appropriately moved relative to each other. Can do. In this case, it is possible to suppress problems such as damage to the surface portion of the wall material at the time of occurrence of shaking due to an earthquake or the like.

  Means 5. The building according to means 4, wherein at least one of a sealing material (sealing material 42, backup material 43) and a buffer member (partially buffering member 49) for filling the gap in the second clearance is provided.

  According to the means 5, since at least one of the sealing material and the buffer member is provided in the second clearance, the intrusion of rainwater from the clearance (gap) is suppressed or the airtightness of the building is improved. be able to.

Means 6. The main structure includes an upper beam (ceiling beam 13) and a lower beam (floor beam 14) provided above and below,
One of the upper and lower ends of the substructure is connected to the first beam of the upper and lower beams, and the other end of the substructure is directly connected to the second beam of the upper and lower beams. The building according to any one of means 1 to 5, which are not connected but connected via a vibration damping device (damper 37).

  According to the means 6, when a vibration due to an earthquake or the like occurs, the deformation of the main structure is suppressed by the vibration control device connected between the second beam and the substructure. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the deformation amount of the main structure from exceeding the allowable deformation amount (for example, the allowable level of the first clearance), and to appropriately move the wall material and the sub structure.

  Mean 7 The building according to claim 6, wherein the sub-structure is connected to a rigid body (high-rigidity frame 33) having higher rigidity than the sub-structure.

  According to the means 7, since the sub-structure is connected to the rigid body, it can resist the vibration transmitted through the vibration damping device by cooperation with the rigid body.

  Means 8. The building according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a damper device is provided as a vibration damping device in a direction that can be expanded and contracted in a horizontal direction between the second beam and the substructure.

  According to the means 8, when a vibration due to an earthquake or the like occurs, the vibration energy due to the earthquake or the like can be suitably absorbed by the damper device extending or contracting in the horizontal direction. Thereby, the vibration transmitted to the substructure can be reduced, and the deformation of the opening can be suppressed. In addition, the damper device itself may be provided in an oblique direction other than being provided in the horizontal direction, as long as it can be expanded and contracted in the horizontal direction anyway.

  DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, the unit type building is embodied, and the unit type building is constructed by connecting a plurality of building units including a building unit having a window part to each other. In FIG. 3, the structure of the building unit used for the said unit type building is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the building unit 11 has columns 12 arranged at the four corners thereof, and the upper end and the lower end of each column 12 are connected by four ceiling beams 13 and floor beams 14, respectively. . A rectangular parallelepiped structural frame 20 (main structure) is formed by the pillars 12, the ceiling beams 13 and the floor beams 14. The column 12 is made of square tube-shaped square steel. Further, the ceiling beam 13 and the floor beam 14 are made of channel steel having a U-shaped cross section, and are installed so that the openings thereof face each other.

  A plurality of ceiling beams 15 are bridged at predetermined intervals between the large ceiling beams 13 on the long sides of the building unit 11. Similarly, a plurality of floor beams 16 are bridged at predetermined intervals between the large floor beams 14 on the long sides of the building unit 11. The ceiling beam 15 and the floor beam 16 are horizontally provided at the same interval and at positions corresponding to the upper and lower sides.

  In the building unit 11 of the present embodiment, an opening frame as a sub-structure is integrally provided on the structural frame 20 as described above, and openings such as windows and entrances are formed by the opening frame. ing. The configuration of the opening frame and the like will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a front view of the building unit 11, (a) is a front view with an outer wall, and (b) is a front view without an outer wall.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), an opening frame 30 is integrally provided in the structural frame 20 constituting the building unit 11, and the outer wall surface of the unit 11 (the side surface serving as the outer wall among the four side surfaces). ), A plurality of outer wall materials 22 are attached to the portion excluding the opening 23 formed by the opening frame 30. The opening 23 in the present embodiment is configured as a window. Each outer wall member 22 is attached to a frame formed by the pillar 12, the ceiling beam 13 and the floor beam 14 with bolts or the like.

  The opening frame 30 is provided between the ceiling beam 13 and the floor beam 14. The opening frame 30 includes a pair of vertical bars 31 and 32 that are arranged to face each other, and an opening 23 is formed between the pair of vertical bars 31 and 32. The vertical bars 31 and 32 are each made of square columnar square steel.

  The vertical bars 31 and 32 are connected to the floor beams 14 at the lower ends thereof in a state where a predetermined gap is formed between the upper ends and the ceiling beams 13. That is, the vertical bars 31 and 32 are provided on the floor beam 14 in the vertical direction, and the upper ends thereof are accommodated so as to be movable relative to the ceiling beam 13 (slidable in the horizontal direction). As a result, when a horizontal force generated at the time of occurrence of a shake due to an earthquake or the like is applied to the building unit 11, the horizontal force is not directly transmitted from the ceiling beam 13 to the opening frame 30. The opening frame 30 is a self-supporting frame that is self-supporting on the floor beam 14. In the present embodiment, the floor girder 14 corresponds to the “first beam”, and the ceiling girder 13 corresponds to the “second beam”.

  A high rigidity frame 33 as a rigid body is provided on the floor beam 14 along the opening frame 30, and the opening frame 30 and the high rigidity frame 33 are connected by a connecting piece 34.

  Specifically, the high-rigidity frame 33 is disposed upright and obliquely between the upright member 35 and the floor cross beam 14 on the opening frame 30 side. An oblique member 36 that connects the vicinity of the upper end of the upright member 35 and the floor girder 14 is provided. The upright members 35 and the diagonal members 36 are made of members having higher rigidity than the vertical bars 31 and 32. For example, as the upright members 35 and the diagonal members 36, steel materials thicker than the vertical bars 31 and 32 are used. The upper end portion of the upright member 35 and the upper end portion of the vertical beam 31 of the opening frame 30 are connected by a connecting piece 34. With the above configuration, the rigidity of the opening frame 30 is enhanced.

  The upright members 35 and the diagonal members 36 are connected to the floor beams 14 at the lower ends thereof in a state where a predetermined gap is formed between the upper end portions and the ceiling beams 13. For this reason, even if the high-rigidity frame 33 is connected to the opening frame 30, both the frames can be moved relative to the ceiling beam 13 (slidable in the horizontal direction).

  A damper 37 such as an oil damper is attached between the vicinity of the upper end portion of the upright member 35 and the ceiling beam 13, and the damper 37 can be expanded and contracted in the horizontal direction. The damper 37 constitutes a deformation absorbing member. The damper 37 absorbs vibration energy generated when a vibration is generated due to an earthquake or the like, and the deformation of the structural frame 20 is suppressed.

  Here, the outer wall member 22 is fixed to the structural frame 20, but is not fixed to the opening frame 30. That is, a predetermined clearance is provided between the opening frame 30 and the opening frame member provided integrally with the opening frame 30 and the outer wall member 22 (the same applies to an inner wall member 39 described later), thereby the outer wall. The material 22 is movable relative to the opening frame 30. Therefore, the problem that the vibration of the structural frame 20 is transmitted to the opening frame 30 via the outer wall material 22 and the opening 23 is deformed when a shake due to an earthquake or the like occurs is suppressed.

  Next, a configuration in which the wall material (the outer wall material 22 and the inner wall material 39) and the opening frame 30 are relatively movable will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. In FIG. 2, the upper side of the figure indicates the outdoor side, and the lower side indicates the indoor side.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the outer wall material 22 is disposed on the outdoor side of the vertical rail 31, and the inner wall material 39 is disposed on the indoor side. The inner wall material 39 is made of, for example, a gypsum board, and is attached to and supported by a stud 38.

  A window frame 40 having a square frame shape is attached between the pair of vertical beams 31 and 32 (the vertical beam 31 illustrated and the vertical beam 32 not illustrated). Is supported to be openable and closable. The window frame 40 includes a frame main body portion 40 a fixed to the vertical rail 31, a container body 40 b that is integrally formed in the vertical direction with the frame main body portion 40 a, and has a U-shaped cross section that accommodates the end of the window shoji 24. And a parting attachment part 40c extending in the outdoor direction from the frame body part 40a. The window frame 40 is attached to the vertical bars 31 and 32 by screwing the frame main body 40a.

  The window frame 40 is provided at a position facing the peripheral end portion (end surface) of the outer wall material 22. More specifically, the parting attachment portion 40c of the window frame 40 and the peripheral end portion of the outer wall member 22 are separated from each other, and a clearance C1 is provided between them.

  A window frame parting 41 extending along the outer wall material 22 is provided at the outdoor side tip of the parting attachment 40c so as to cover the surface of the outer wall material 22 from the outside (outdoor side). That is, the window frame parting 41 is provided to overlap (overlap) part of the peripheral edge of the outer wall material 22. In this case, the window frame parting 41 and the outer wall material 22 are provided apart from each other in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the outer wall material 22, and a clearance C2 is provided therebetween. A sealing material 42 and a backup material 43 are provided between the outer wall material 22 and the window frame parting 41 (clearance C2). The sealing material 42 and the backup material 43 eliminate the inconvenience that moisture such as rainwater blown from the outside enters the inside of the outer wall material 22 from the clearance C2.

  Further, an indoor parting plate 45 is provided in the window frame 40 on the indoor side of the window shoji 24, and the indoor parting plate 45 hides a gap between the window frame 40 and the inner wall material 39. Yes. The indoor parting plate 45 has a substantially L-shaped cross section and a long side portion 45a extending in the thickness direction of the wall, and a short side extending from the long side portion 45a at a substantially right angle to cover the inner wall member 39 from the outside (indoor side). The side portion 45b is included. In this case, the long side portion 45 a is attached to the window frame 40 with a screw or the like, and the short side portion 45 a is provided to overlap (overlap) a part of the peripheral edge portion of the inner wall member 39. In the present embodiment, the window frame 40, the window frame parting 41, and the indoor parting plate 45 correspond to an “opening frame member”.

  The indoor parting plate 45 is provided at a position facing the peripheral end (end surface) of the inner wall member 39. More specifically, the long side portion 45a of the indoor parting plate 45 and the peripheral end portion of the inner wall member 39 are separated from each other in the surface direction of the inner wall member 39, and a clearance C3 is provided therebetween. Further, the short side portion 45b of the indoor parting plate 45 and the inner wall member 39 are provided apart from each other in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the inner wall member 39, and a clearance C4 is provided therebetween. A parting buffer member 46 made of foamed rubber or the like is provided between the inner wall member 39 and the short side part 45b of the indoor parting plate 45 (clearance C4) in order to ensure airtightness inside the building unit 11. .

  Next, a description will be given of the operation in the case where vibration or inclination deformation occurs in the building unit 11 having the above structure due to an earthquake, strong wind, or the like.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when a horizontal force F is applied to the ceiling beam 13 due to an earthquake, strong wind, or the like, each column 12 is inclined as illustrated, and the ceiling beam 13 is horizontally oriented with respect to the floor beam 14 (in the figure). Move to the right). At this time, the damper 37 is compressed according to the deformation of the skeleton frame of the building unit 11, and the vibration energy is absorbed by the damper 37. As a result, vibration transmitted to the opening frame 30 is suppressed. In this case, since the opening frame 30 is made highly rigid by the highly rigid frame 33, the amount of vibration energy absorbed by the damper 37 is increased. Thereby, the deformation amount of the skeleton frame of the building unit 11 is also reduced.

  Further, when the building unit 11 is inclined and deformed as described above, the outer wall material 22 and the inner wall material 39 are also displaced in accordance with the displacement of the pillar 12 and the ceiling beam 13 and are shown on one side (right side in the figure) as indicated by broken lines in FIG. ). That is, the outer wall material 22 and the inner wall material 39 are inclined integrally with the structural frame 20 that is the main structure.

  However, in this embodiment, the structural frame 20 and the opening frame 30 are provided so as to be independently displaceable, and the outer wall member 22 and the inner wall member 39 are relatively movable with respect to the opening frame 30. Specifically, clearances C1 and C3 are provided as relative movement spaces in the wall surface direction between the end surfaces of the outer wall member 22 and the inner wall member 39, and the window frame 40 and the indoor parting plate 45 facing the outer wall member 22 and the inner wall member 39, respectively. Clearances C2 and C4 are provided as relative movement spaces in the direction perpendicular to the wall between the wall surfaces of the outer wall member 22 and the inner wall member 39 and the window frame parting 41 and the indoor parting plate 45 facing each other. Therefore, even if the outer wall member 22 and the inner wall member 39 are inclined integrally with the structural frame 20 as described above, the opening frame 30 is not affected by the influence. In other words, even when the outer wall member 22 or the like vibrates in the horizontal direction when a shake is caused by an earthquake or the like, the vibration is not transmitted to the opening frame 30.

  Here, the clearances C <b> 1 and C <b> 2 are desirably set based on interlayer displacement generated in the building unit 11 when a horizontal force acts on the building unit 11. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, when a horizontal force is applied to the building unit 11, the building unit 11 is inclined obliquely, and the interlayer displacement is δ with respect to the height h of the building unit 11. At this time, the interlayer deformation angle is δ / h. The clearances C1 and C2 allow the outer wall material 22 and the opening frame 30 to move relative to each other even when the interlayer deformation angle (δ / h) reaches a predetermined maximum value (for example, 1/200) in the building unit 11. The dimensions are acceptable. Thereby, even when the building unit 11 (unit building) is deformed to the maximum within a range assumed in advance, transmission of vibration to the opening frame 30 is suppressed.

  Incidentally, when the outer wall member 22 and the inner wall member 39 vibrate, the sealing member 42, the backup member 43, and the parting buffer member 46 provided in the clearances C2 and C4 are elastically deformed. Thereby, the relative movement of the outer wall material 22 or the inner wall material 39 and the opening frame 30 is allowed. Note that the sealing material 42, the backup material 43, and the parting buffer member 46 can be easily restored by removing the damaged sealing material 42 and the like and performing a new sealing operation after the occurrence of shaking due to an earthquake or the like.

  Note that the sealing material 42, the backup material 43, and the parting cushion member 46 are not necessarily provided in the clearances C2 and C4. In this case, in order to secure waterproofness and airtightness to some extent, it is preferable to minimize the dimensions of the clearances C2 and C4 within a range in which the outer wall member 22 and the like and the opening frame 30 can move relative to each other.

  With the configuration and operation described above, the following advantageous effects can be obtained in the unit type building of the present embodiment.

  Since the outer wall member 22 or the inner wall member 39 and the opening frame 30 are relatively movable, when the vibration due to an earthquake or the like occurs, the vibration of the structural frame 20 is caused to pass through the outer wall member 22 or the inner wall member 39 through the opening frame 30. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the problem that the opening 23 is deformed. As a result, the opening 23 can be used as an emergency exit during an earthquake or the like. That is, even if the structural frame 20 is deformed during an earthquake or the like, the window screen 24 provided in the opening 23 can be opened, and outdoor evacuation or the like from the opened portion can be performed.

  Clearances C <b> 1 and C <b> 3 provided between each end face of the outer wall material 22 and the inner wall material 39 and the window frame 40 and the indoor parting plate 45 opposed thereto are generated in the building unit 11 when a horizontal force acts on the building unit 11. Since the setting is based on the interlayer displacement, the transmission of vibrations to the opening frame 30 is suppressed even when the building unit 11 is deformed to the maximum within the range assumed in advance.

  Between each wall surface of the outer wall material 22 and the inner wall material 39 and the window frame parting 41 and the indoor parting plate 45 facing each other, a sealing material 42 and a backup material 43 are provided in one clearance C2, and the other clearance C4. Since the parting buffer member 46 is provided in the outer wall member 22, the outer wall member 22, the inner wall member 39 and the opening frame 30 can be moved relative to each other, and waterproof and airtightness can be ensured.

  Since the ceiling girder 13 and the high-rigidity frame 33 constituting the structural frame 20 are connected via the damper 37, it is possible to reduce the amount of deformation of the structural frame 20 when a vibration such as an earthquake occurs. As a result, the deformation suppressing effect of the opening frame 30 can be further enhanced.

  Since the opening frame 30 is connected to the high-rigidity frame 33, even if a deformation force is applied via the damper 37, the deformation force can be resisted by cooperation with the high-rigidity frame 33.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and can be implemented, for example, in the form shown as another example below. The same components as those of the present embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof will be omitted, and differences from the present embodiment will be mainly described.

  In the above embodiment, the window frame parting 41 and the indoor parting plate 45 are overlapped (overlapped) outside the wall surfaces of the outer wall member 22 and the inner wall member 39, and clearances C2 and C4 are provided in the gaps (FIG. 2). Reference), and this is changed, the window frame parting 41 and the indoor parting plate 45 are overlapped (overlapped) inside the wall surfaces of the outer wall member 22 and the inner wall member 39, and clearances C2 and C4 are provided in the gaps. To do.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5A, a window frame parting 50 having a U-shaped cross section is attached so as to be fitted into the end of the outer wall member 22, and the window frame parting 50 and the window frame 40 A clearance C11 is provided between the two. Thereby, the outer wall material 22 and the window frame 40 can be relatively moved. In such a case, as in the above embodiment, the sealing material 42 and the backup material 43 may be provided in the clearance C11 to ensure waterproofness. Further, the parting plate 52 is divided along the inner wall member 39 at a position on the outdoor side of the parting plate 52 in the state where the end part of the inner wall member 39 is in contact with the parting plate 52. A parting buffer member 53 may be provided. In the configuration of FIG. 5A, no clearance is provided between the end face of the inner wall member 39 and the parting plate 52 facing it, but the parting buffer member 53 enables relative movement of both members. ing. In the case of a configuration in which the spacer 38 is fixed to the inner wall member 39, it is preferable to provide a gap between the spacer 38 and the parting plate 52.

  Instead of the configuration in which the sealing material 42 and the backup material 43 are provided in the clearance C11 between the window frame parting 50 and the window frame 40, as shown in FIG. 5B, for example, the sealing material 42 and the water stop are provided in the clearance C11. It is also possible to provide a sheet 54. In this case, both ends of the water stop sheet 54 may be attached to the window frame parting 50 and the window frame 40 to function as a secondary waterproof. In addition, it is preferable to attach in the state which gave the water stop sheet | seat 54 the bending so that it may not interfere when the outer wall material 22 and the opening part frame 30 move relatively.

  In the configuration of FIG. 1, the high rigidity frame 33 and the damper 37 are provided on the vertical beam 31 on one side in the opening frame 30, but the high rigidity frame 33 and the damper 37 are provided on the vertical beams 31 and 32 on both sides, respectively. It is good. Moreover, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which only one of the high-rigidity frame 33 and the damper 37 is provided, or a configuration in which neither of them is provided.

  In the above-described embodiment, the opening frame 30 is configured such that the lower ends of the vertical bars 31 and 32 are connected to the floor beam 14 and the upper ends thereof are not directly connected to the ceiling beam 13 via the damper 37. However, it is also possible to reverse the upper and lower configurations. In other words, the upper ends of the vertical beams 31 and 32 may be connected to the ceiling beam 13 and the lower ends thereof may be connected via the damper 37 without being directly connected to the floor beam 14.

  In the above embodiment, the damper 37 is used as the deformation absorbing member (vibration control device). However, the damper 37 is not limited to a specific type of deformation absorption member (vibration control device), and as shown in FIG. , 32 and the ceiling beam 13 may be provided with viscoelastic bodies or metallic deformation absorbing members 61, 62, respectively. The configuration in which the high rigidity frame 33 is connected to the vertical beam 31 is as described above.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7A, a viscoelastic damper 63 made of high-damping rubber may be provided. The viscoelastic damper 63 is provided between a pair of plates PL that are respectively fixed to the bottom surface of the ceiling beam 13 and the upper end surface of the vertical beam 31, and is formed by laminating a plurality of plate-like high-damping rubbers. The whole is formed in a columnar shape or a prismatic shape. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C, the viscoelastic damper 64 may be provided by arranging a plurality of high-attenuation rubbers vertically between the upper and lower plates PL. 7B and 7C, the upper and lower plates PL are provided with standing portions, and a plurality of (two in the figure) high-damping rubbers are provided so as to be sandwiched between the standing portions. Yes. The rigidity of the viscoelastic dampers 63 and 64 is smaller than the rigidity of the opening frame 30. As a result, vibration energy is absorbed by the viscoelastic dampers 63 and 64 when vibration is caused by an earthquake or the like, and vibration transmitted to the opening frame 30 can be reduced. As a result, the deformation of the opening 23 can be suppressed. In this case, if the shaking due to an earthquake or the like is within an allowable level, the viscoelastic dampers 63 and 64 can be continuously used even after the occurrence of the shaking, and maintenance such as replacement of the viscoelastic dampers 63 and 64 can be performed. There is an advantage that becomes unnecessary.

  Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 7D and 7E, between the pair of plates PL, a cylindrical damper, a prismatic lead damper 65, or a plate-like low yield point steel material 66 may be provided as a metallic damper. .

  The rigidity of the lead damper 65 is set smaller than the rigidity of the opening frame 30. According to this, vibration energy is absorbed by plastic deformation of the lead damper 65 at the time of occurrence of a shake due to an earthquake or the like, and vibration transmitted to the opening frame 30 can be reduced. As a result, the deformation of the opening 23 can be suppressed.

  Further, the yield point of the low yield point steel material 66 is set lower than the yield point of the opening frame 30. According to this, when the low yield point steel material 66 yields earlier than the opening frame 30 at the time of the occurrence of a shake due to an earthquake or the like, the vibration energy due to vibration is converted into the plastic energy of the low yield point steel material 66, thereby opening the opening portion. Vibration transmitted to the frame 30 can be suppressed. As a result, the deformation of the opening 23 can be suppressed. When these lead dampers 65 and low yield point steel materials 66 are used, the unit type building is returned to its original healthy state by replacing the damaged lead dampers 65 and low yield point steel materials 66 after the occurrence of shaking due to an earthquake or the like. Can do.

  In addition, various dampers can be used as long as they can absorb vibration energy, such as a friction damper as the deformation absorbing member.

  It can also be applied to openings other than windows. For example, the entrance opening part etc. which opened to the lower surface part of the building unit 11 may be sufficient. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8A, an opening frame 71 is provided in a portion of the floor beam 14 from which a part is removed, and the opening 72 having a shape opened downward by the opening frame 71. Form. The opening frame 71 includes two vertical bars 71a and 71b and one horizontal bar 71c. In this case, the opening 72 is used as the entrance. In this configuration, the wall material (outer wall material or inner wall material) and the opening frame 71 are relatively movable as in the above-described configuration. In FIG. 8A, the high-rigidity frame 33 is composed of two diagonal members 33a and 33b.

  It is also possible to adopt the configuration shown in FIG. In such a configuration, on one side of the opening frame 81, a high-rigidity frame 84 composed of an L-shaped member 82 that is substantially L-shaped when viewed from the front and a structural wall member 83 attached to the L-shaped member 82 is arranged. (The L-shaped member 82 is a part of the opening frame 81). A damper 37 is connected to the upper end of the L-shaped material 82.

  In the above embodiment, the unit type building including the plurality of building units 11 has been described as an example, but the present invention can also be applied to a building constructed by another construction method.

About the building unit in this embodiment, (a) is a front view with an outer wall material, (b) is a front view without an outer wall material. The cross-sectional view which shows the structure of a wall material and an opening part flame | frame. The perspective view which shows the structure of the building unit used for a unit type building. The figure for demonstrating an effect | action when a vibration or inclination deformation | transformation arises by the earthquake, strong wind, etc. in the building unit. (A) (b) The cross-sectional view which shows another examples, such as a window frame. The front view which shows the building unit which provided another deformation | transformation absorption member. (A) (b) An enlarged front view showing another example of the deformation absorbing member, (c) An enlarged side view showing another example of the deformation absorbing member, (d) (e) An enlarged front view showing another example of the deformation absorbing member. . (A) The front view which shows another example of an opening part flame | frame, (b) The front view which shows another example of a highly rigid frame.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Building unit, 12 ... Pillar, 13 ... Ceiling girder, 14 ... Floor girder, 20 ... Structural frame, 22 ... Outer wall material, 23 ... Opening, 30 ... Opening frame, 33 ... High-rigidity frame, 37 ... Damper, 39 ... inner wall material, 40 ... window frame (opening frame member), 41 ... window frame parting (opening frame member), 42 ... sealing material, 43 ... backup material, 45 ... indoor parting plate (opening frame member), 46 ... parting Buffer member, 52 ... parting plate (opening frame member), 53 ... parting buffer member, 54 ... water-stop sheet, C1 to C4, C11 ... clearance.

Claims (8)

In a building comprising a main structure and a sub-structure that is provided so as to be displaceable independently of the main structure and forms an opening,
The building is characterized in that a wall material is attached to the main structure, and the wall material and the sub structure are provided to be relatively movable. A building in which at least one of the sub-structure and the opening frame member provided integrally with the sub-structure and the peripheral end of the wall material are opposed to each other;
The building according to claim 1, wherein a first clearance is provided in a surface direction of the wall material between the two facing each other so that both of them can be relatively moved in the horizontal direction.   The said 1st clearance is provided in the dimension which accept | permits the relative movement of the said wall material and the said substructure, also when an interlayer deformation angle becomes the predetermined maximum value in the said building. Listed in the building. A building in which at least one of the sub-structure and an opening frame member provided integrally with the sub-structure and the wall surface of the wall material are opposed to each other;
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a second clearance is provided in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the wall material between the two facing each other so that the two can be relatively moved in the horizontal direction.   The building according to claim 4, wherein a sealing material or a buffer member for filling the gap in the second clearance is provided. The main structure includes an upper beam and a lower beam provided on the upper and lower sides,
One of the upper and lower ends of the substructure is connected to the first beam of the upper and lower beams, and the other end of the substructure is directly connected to the second beam of the upper and lower beams. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the building is connected via a vibration control device without being connected.   The building according to claim 6, wherein the substructure is connected to a rigid body having higher rigidity than the substructure.   The building according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a damper device is provided between the second beam and the sub-structure as a vibration control device in a direction that allows expansion and contraction in a horizontal direction.

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