JP2009013713A - Underground excavating device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an underground excavating device enabling the easy access of a worker to an excavating position ahead of a shell and the reduction of the load applied to the worker. <P>SOLUTION: The cutter bit 11 of an excavating member 10 installed inside a pipe P is disposed at the position eccentric to the shell axis of the pipe P. The cutter bit 11 is also vertically and laterally swingable around the axis perpendicular to the shell axis. The excavating member 10 is installed on a slewing device 20 having a rotary ring 23. The cutter bit 11 is rotated around the shell axis when the rotary ring 23 is rotated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an underground excavation apparatus used when a construction method for embedding a pipe body in the ground, such as a pipe roof construction method.

  When embedding a large-scale structure in the ground, a so-called pipe roof construction method is known in which a plurality of pipes are embedded around the large-scale structure. In this pipe rule method, pipes such as steel pipes are horizontally placed in the form of arches or columns at equal intervals on the outer periphery of a large-scale structure to create a roof or a wall. The excavation work for a large-scale structure is performed by the roof and the wall, so that the work safety is ensured.

  In this pipe roof construction method, as a method for placing a pipe into the ground, an operator has conventionally entered the inside of the pipe, and this worker drills the ground from the tip of the pipe with an electric drill or the like, and further jacks from the rear. I was trying to push the pipe. However, this method has a problem that the burden placed on the worker is large, and this problem is remarkable particularly when the total length of the pipe is long. For this reason, it is desirable to reduce the burden placed on workers.

On the other hand, there is a gap shield machine that excavates a gap between liners that is generated when a tunnel and its outline are constructed in advance by a plurality of rectangular shields (for example, Patent Document 1). This gap shield machine has a gantry provided with an excavator that is movable up and down and left and right at the front, and excavates with this excavator.
Japanese Patent No. 3749562

  In the conventional pipe roof construction method, in order to reduce the burden on the worker, it is conceivable to arrange the excavator described in Patent Document 1 in the pipe and excavate the front of the pipe with the excavator. In this case, since the excavator performs excavation, the burden on the worker can be reduced.

  However, when the excavator described in Patent Document 1 is disposed in the pipe, the pipe is blocked by the gantry to which the excavator is attached, so that an operator located behind the pipe is more than the gantry. It becomes difficult to enter the excavation part ahead. For this reason, for example, when an obstacle appears, if it is necessary to enter the excavation part for removing the obstacle or checking the excavation part, there is a problem that the work efficiency is lowered. .

  Then, the subject of this invention is providing the underground excavation apparatus which can reduce the burden which an operator can penetrate | invade easily into the excavation position located ahead of a pipe body, and is applied to an operator. .

  An underground excavation apparatus according to the present invention that solves the above-mentioned problems is an underground excavation apparatus that is disposed in a pipe embedded in the underground and excavates the underground in front of the pipe, and is eccentric from the excavation axis. An excavation member that is disposed at the position that protrudes from the front of the tubular body and excavates the underground, a turning means that rotates the excavation member around the excavation axis, and a swing operation mechanism that swings the drilling member, It is characterized by providing.

  In the underground excavation apparatus according to the present invention, an excavation member that projects from the front of the tubular body and excavates the underground is provided, and the underground is excavated by the excavation member. Here, there is a concern that this excavation member becomes an obstacle and the worker cannot enter the excavation position in front of the tubular body. In this regard, in the underground excavation apparatus according to the present invention, the excavation member is disposed at a position eccentric from the excavation axis. For this reason, since the space which a worker passes can be formed in the position where the excavation member is provided in the pipe, the worker can easily enter the excavation position in front of the pipe. Moreover, if the excavation member is disposed at a position that is eccentric from the excavation axis, there is a possibility that the range of excavation by the excavation member may be limited. In this regard, the underground excavation device according to the present invention is provided with a turning means for rotating the excavation member around the excavation axis. By this turning means, the excavation member can be distributed over the entire area of the front position of the pipe body. Therefore, it is possible to excavate the entire front position of the tubular body without limiting the range excavated by the excavating member.

  Here, it can be set as the aspect provided with the excavation auger which transfers the earth and sand excavated by the excavation member back.

  By providing such an excavation auger, the earth and sand excavated by the excavation member can be easily transferred to the rear of the tubular body. Therefore, earth and sand generated by excavation can be easily treated.

  The swivel means includes a rotary ring disposed inside the tube body and a gear mechanism that rotates the rotary ring relative to the tube body, and the excavating member is rotated by a rotary bracket. It can be set as the aspect attached to the ring.

  In this way, the excavation member is attached to the rotary ring via the rotary bracket, so that the excavation member can be reliably rotated around the excavation axis.

  Furthermore, it can be set as the aspect provided with the slide mechanism which slides a turning means with respect to a pipe body along the axial direction of a pipe body.

  The excavation member needs to be moved along the axial direction of the tube body as the excavation progresses. Here, the swiveling means is provided with a slide mechanism that slides along the axial direction of the tubular body with respect to the tubular body, whereby the excavating member can be smoothly moved through the swiveling means.

  Moreover, it can be set as the aspect by which the roller was each provided between the slide mechanism and the tubular body, and between the slide mechanism and the turning means.

  As described above, the rollers are provided between the slide mechanism and the tube body and between the slide mechanism and the swiveling unit, so that the swivel unit can be smoothly rotated with respect to the tube body.

  Furthermore, it can be set as the aspect provided with the position adjustment means which adjusts the position of the turning means in the direction orthogonal to the excavation axis center with respect to a tubular body.

  By providing such position adjusting means, even when the turning means is displaced with respect to the pipe body as the excavation progresses, the deviation can be easily corrected.

  In addition, a manual handle may be provided in the swing operation mechanism, and a speed reduction mechanism may be provided between the excavation member and the manual handle.

  Thus, since the swing operation mechanism is a manual handle, an operator can easily operate the excavation member. In addition, since the speed reduction mechanism is provided between the manual handle and the swing operation mechanism, the swing operation activation can be driven by operating the manual handle with a small force. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a large force from being required for the worker in order to drive the swing operation mechanism.

  Further, when the excavation of the excavation member is interrupted, a plate-like member that covers the exposed surface of the natural ground on the swivel means side is disposed between the natural ground in front of the tubular body and the swivel means. It can also be set as the aspect which prevents collapse of the natural ground in an exposed surface by pressing an excavation member with respect to.

  According to the underground excavation apparatus according to the present invention, an operator can easily enter the excavation position located in front of the pipe body, and the burden on the operator can be reduced.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each embodiment, portions having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description may be omitted. 1 is a side sectional view of an underground excavation apparatus according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view of the underground excavation apparatus according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a front view of the underground excavation apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a rear view of the underground excavation device according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the underground excavation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is used when a pipe is buried in a pipe roof construction method, and is disposed in a pipe P. The underground excavation device 1 includes an excavation member 10 and a turning device 20. In addition, the excavation member 10 includes a cutter head 11. As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of pipes P are buried above the underground structure main body C as pipe roofs PF.

  The cutter head 11 is attached to the distal end portion of the arm 12, and the drive head 13 is attached to the rear end portion of the arm 12. The drive head 13 includes a motor and a speed reducer, and rotates the arm 12 and the cutter head 11 around the axis of the arm 12 by driving the motor. The rotation of the motor is transmitted to the arm 12 by the speed reducer. Further, a plurality of bits 11A are provided at the tip of the cutter head 11, and the ground is excavated by the bits 11A.

  In addition, an auger 14 is provided on the outer periphery of the arm 12 in a spiral shape along the axial direction thereof. The auger 14 rotates with the rotation of the arm 12 and transfers the earth and sand D generated by excavation of the cutter head 11 to the rear. Further, the drive head 13 is disposed at a position eccentric from the excavation axis.

  The turning device 20 includes a slide ring 21 and a rotary ring 22. The front shape of the slide ring 21 is a circle that is slightly smaller than the front shape of the pipe P, and the front shape of the rotary ring 22 is a circle that is slightly smaller than the front shape of the slide ring 21. Both of the slide ring 21 and the rotary ring 22 can be divided in the circumferential direction.

  An outer roller 23 is provided on the outer surface of the slide ring 21, and an inner roller 24 is provided on the outer surface of the rotary ring 22. The outer roller 23 can travel along the direction parallel to the excavation axis of the pipe P on the inner side surface of the pipe P. The outer ring 23 enables the slide ring 21 to move smoothly with respect to the pipe P. The inner roller 24 is attached so as to be able to travel on the inner side surface of the slide ring 21 in the circumferential direction. By this inner roller 24, the rotary ring 22 can be smoothly rotated with respect to the slide ring 21.

  Further, the outer roller 23 is provided with an adjuster 25 as a position adjusting mechanism. The adjuster 25 is disposed between the wheel portion of the outer roller 23 and the outer surface of the slide ring 21 by stacking a plurality of thin ring members. By adjusting the number of ring members, the height of the outer roller 23 with respect to the slide ring 21 is adjusted, and the positions of the slide ring 21 and the rotary ring 22 in the direction perpendicular to the excavation axis with respect to the pipe P can be adjusted. it can.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a rotation prevention protrusion 27 is provided at the upper end portion of the rotary ring 22, and a rotation prevention guide 28 is provided at the upper part of the inner side surface of the pipe P. The rotation prevention projection 27 and the rotation prevention guide 28 prevent the rotary ring 22 from rotating around the excavation axis with respect to the pipe P.

  The drive head 13 in the excavation member 10 is attached to the rotary ring 22 in the turning device 20 via the rotating bracket 30. As shown in FIG. 3, the rotating bracket 30 includes a horizontal rod 31 extending in the left-right direction and a vertical rod 32 extending in the vertical direction, and has a substantially L shape when viewed from the front. One end of the horizontal rod 31 and the lower end of the vertical rod 32 are connected, and the other end of the horizontal rod 31 and the upper end of the vertical rod 32 are fixed to the rotary ring 22, respectively.

  A drive head 13 is attached to the vertical rod 32. The drive head 13 is attached to the vertical rod 32 so as to be rotatable around an axis parallel to the central axis of the vertical rod 32.

  A left and right operation handle 40 is provided on the back side of the rotary bracket 30. The left-right operation handle 40 is attached to the lower end of the vertical rod 32 and is rotatable about an axis parallel to the excavation axis. A rotation transmission mechanism that transmits the rotational force of the left / right operation handle 40 to the drive head 13 is provided inside the vertical rod 32. The rotation transmission mechanism includes a bevel gear and a pinion gear, and transmits a rotational force to the drive head 13 through the bevel gear and the pinion gear by rotating the left / right operation handle 40. Due to the rotational force of the left / right operation handle 40 transmitted through this rotation transmission mechanism, the drive head 13 can rotate about an axis perpendicular to the vertical axis with respect to the excavation axis with respect to the rotation bracket 30. ing. Thus, the drive head 13 can swing in the left-right direction so as to pass through the tube axis.

  Further, a speed reducer 41 is interposed between the left / right operation handle 40 and the rotation transmission mechanism. The speed reducer 41 increases the torque of the left / right operation handle 40. For this reason, the drive head 13 can be rotated only by operating the left-right operation handle 40 with a small force.

  An up / down operation handle 42 is provided on the back side of the drive head 13. Like the left and right operation handle 40, the up and down operation handle 42 is rotatable around an axis parallel to the excavation axis. Further, a rotation transmission mechanism including a bevel gear and a pinion gear is provided between the vertical operation handle 42 and the vertical rod 32 of the rotary bracket 30, and transmits the rotational force of the vertical operation handle 42 to the rotary bracket 30. . Due to the rotational force of the vertical operation handle 42 transmitted through the rotation transmission mechanism, the drive head 13 can rotate about an axis perpendicular to the left and right direction with respect to the excavation axis with respect to the rotation bracket 30. ing. Thus, the drive head 13 can swing in the vertical direction so as to pass through the tube axis.

  Further, a speed reducer 43 is interposed between the vertical operation handle 42 and the rotation transmission mechanism. The speed reducer 43 increases the torque of the up / down operation handle 42. For this reason, the drive head 13 can be rotated only by operating the vertical operation handle 42 with a small force.

  Further, a rotation operation handle 45 is provided on the back side of the slide ring 21. The rotation operation handle 45 is connected to a pinion gear 46. By rotating the rotation operation handle 45, the pinion gear 46 rotates coaxially around an axis parallel to the excavation axis. Further, a rack 47 that meshes with the pinion gear 46 is provided at a lower position inside the rotary ring 22. When the pinion gear 46 rotates, the rack 47 meshing with the pinion gear 46 moves, and the rotary ring 22 rotates around the excavation axis with respect to the slide ring 21 as the rack 47 moves. Further, since the slide ring 21 is prevented from rotating around the excavation axis with respect to the pipe P, the rotary ring 22 rotates about the excavation axis relative to the pipe P by operating the rotation operation handle 45. To do.

  A slide jack 50 is connected to the back side of the slide ring 21. The slide jack 50 includes a cylinder body 51 and a cylinder rod 52. The rear end portion of the cylinder body 51 is fixed to the pipe P via the bracket 53. The tip of the cylinder rod 52 is attached to the slide ring 21. When the cylinder rod 52 moves relative to the cylinder body 51 and the slide jack 50 expands and contracts, the slide ring 21 moves relative to the pipe P in the front-rear direction.

  Further, an operation lever 54 is attached to the drive head 13. The operation lever 54 is provided with a jack operation button, and the slide jack is driven by operating the jack operation button.

  In addition, a vacuum hose 60 connected to a vacuum device (not shown) is provided inside the pipe P. The vacuum hose 60 excavates the ground with the cutter head 11 and sucks the earth and sand D transferred rearward by the auger 14.

  A procedure for excavation in the underground excavation apparatus according to the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described. In burying the pipe P, the underground excavation apparatus 1 is installed in the pipe P, and the cutter head 11 is driven by the drive head 13 to excavate a natural ground in front of the pipe P. The earth and sand D generated by excavation of the natural ground is moved backward by the auger 14. The earth and sand D transferred to the rear is sucked by the vacuum hose 60 and discharged out of the pipe P. After excavating the ground in front of the pipe P to some extent, the pipe P is entirely pushed out by the propulsion jack installed behind the pipe P and advanced. At this time, the pipe P is moved forward, and the turning device 20 is moved backward relative to the pipe P so that the cutter head 11 does not interfere with the forward movement of the pipe P. In this way, the pipe P is buried in the ground while digging ahead of the pipe P.

  Here, when excavating the front of the pipe P, the cutter head 11 is driven to excavate the natural ground. For example, when there is a need for work in the vicinity of the face, work indicated by a virtual line in FIG. The member H enters the vicinity of the face beyond the turning device 20. Since the excavating member 10 including the cutter head 11 and the drive head 13 is attached to the turning device 20 when the turning device 20 is exceeded, the cutter head 11 and the drive head 13 are obstructed to move to the vicinity of the face. There is concern that intrusion will be hindered. In this regard, in the underground excavation device 1 according to the present embodiment, the cutter head 11 and the drive head 13 are arranged at positions eccentric from the excavation axis. For this reason, the worker H can easily enter the face located in front of the pipe P.

  Further, when excavating the natural ground in front of the pipe P by the cutter head 11, the worker H is positioned behind the slide ring 21 and operates the left and right operation control handle 40 and the vertical operation control handle 42 to perform excavation. Do. Here, when the left / right operation handle 40 is operated, the rotational force of the left / right operation handle 40 is transmitted to the drive head 13 in the excavation member 10 via the rotation transmission mechanism, and the cutter head 11 attached to the drive head 13 is It rotates around an axis perpendicular to the vertical direction with respect to the drilling axis. When the up / down operation handle 42 is operated, the rotational force of the up / down operation handle 42 is transmitted to the drive head 13 of the excavation member 10 via the rotation transmission mechanism, and the cutter head 11 attached to the drive head 13 is excavated. It rotates around an axis perpendicular to the left-right direction with respect to the axis. In this way, the operation operating handles 40 and 42 are operated to excavate natural ground.

  When excavating natural ground by operating the operation operation handles 40 and 42, the excavation member 10 including the cutter head 11 is arranged at a position eccentric from the excavation axis. It becomes difficult to perform excavation evenly. In this regard, in the underground excavation device 1 according to the present embodiment, the excavation member 10 is attached to the rotary ring 22 in the swivel device 20, and the rotary ring 22 can rotate around the excavation axis with respect to the pipe P. Has been. For this reason, the front position of the pipe P can be excavated uniformly by rotating the excavation member 10 by rotating the rotary ring 22.

  The excavation range by the cutter head 11 is as shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the excavation area in plan view. Specifically, when the cutter head 11 is moved up and down in a state where the cutter head 11 is disposed at the highest position, the earth and sand of the excavation range ECU is excavated. The At this time, when the cutter head 11 is moved left and right, the earth and sand in the range up to the line LRL is excavated. Furthermore, when the cutter head 11 is moved up and down in a state where the swivel device 20 is rotated 90 degrees clockwise (clockwise) when viewed from the back side, the soil up to the range of the line LR90 is excavated. Conversely, when the cutter head 11 is moved up and down in a state where the swivel device 20 is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise (counterclockwise) when viewed from the back side, the soil up to the range of the line LL90 is excavated.

  In addition, an inner roller 24 that can travel in the circumferential direction on the inner surface of the slide ring 21 is provided on the outer surface of the rotary ring 22. For this reason, the rotary ring 22 can be smoothly rotated with respect to the slide ring 21.

  When rotating the rotary ring 22, the rotation operation handle 45 may be operated. In this way, the rotary ring 22 can be rotated and the excavation member 10 can be moved only by operating the rotation operation handle 45, so that the operation becomes easy. A reduction gear is connected to each of the left / right operation handle 40, the up / down operation handle 42, and the rotation operation handle 45. For this reason, even if the force which operates each handle | steering-wheel is small, each operation can be performed reliably.

  Further, as excavation by the excavation member 10 proceeds, the face is gradually moved away from the tip of the pipe P. At this time, the swiveling device 20 is moved forward relative to the pipe P to bring the excavating member 10 closer to the face. Here, the swivel device 20 is provided with a slide jack 50. By extending the slide jack 50, the swivel device 20 can be easily advanced with respect to the pipe P. Further, the turning device 20 is provided with an operation lever 54 for driving the slide jack 50. Since the operator H can drive the slide jack 50 by operating the operation lever 54, the operator H can easily drive the swivel device 20 relative to the pipe P by driving the slide jack 50. It can be carried out. Further, an outer roller 23 is provided on the outer surface of the slide ring 21 so that the inner surface of the pipe P can travel along a direction parallel to the excavation axis of the pipe P. By this outer roller 23, the slide ring 21 moves smoothly with respect to the pipe P.

  Thus, when the excavation of the natural ground by the excavating member 10 has progressed to a certain length position, the slide jack 50 is contracted, the swiveling device 20 is retracted relative to the pipe P, and the cutter head 11 is pulled away from the face. In this state, the propulsion jack is used to move the pipe P forward relative to the natural ground. Thereafter, the excavation member 10 is driven to resume excavation of the natural ground. This operation is repeated until a predetermined excavation position is reached.

  Further, when excavation proceeds, slight distortion or the like occurs in the pipe P, and the separation distance from the turning device 20 may become longer or shorter. In this case, the separation distance from the turning device 20 can be adjusted by changing the number of ring members of the adjuster 25.

  Further, when the excavation work is interrupted, it is preferable to prevent the collapse of the exposed surface on the swivel device 20 side in the natural ground. Here, in the underground excavation device 1 according to the present embodiment, while the excavation operation is interrupted, the iron plate 70 that is a plate-like member is placed between the ground and the swivel device 20 in front of the pipe P as shown in FIG. Cover the exposed surface in between. By disposing the iron plate 70, the collapse of the natural ground can be suitably prevented.

  The procedure for arranging the iron plate 70 is as follows. First, when the excavation work is interrupted, the swivel device 20 and the excavation member 10 are moved backward by contracting the slide jack 50. Next, the iron plate 70 is carried to the face part. At this time, since the excavation member 10 is provided at a position eccentric from the excavation axis, the iron plate 70 can be easily carried in.

  When the iron plate 70 is loaded, the iron plate 70 is placed so as to cover the face surface (exposed surface). Thereafter, the swing device 20 and the excavation member 10 are advanced by extending the slide jack 50. As the swivel device 20 and the excavation member 10 move forward, the cutter head 11 in the excavation member 10 is pressed against the iron plate 70, and the cutter head 11 holds the iron plate 70. Thus, by pressing the cutter head 11 against the iron plate 70 and holding the iron plate 70, it is possible to suitably prevent the collapse of the natural ground when the excavation work is interrupted.

  The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the pipe P having a circular cross section is used as the tubular body, but pipes having other cross sectional shapes such as a rectangular cross section may be used. In the above embodiment, the operation operation handles 40 and 42 and the rotation operation handle 45 are manually operated, but may be automatic. Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the so-called pipe roof construction method has been described, but other construction methods such as the R & C construction method can also be targeted.

It is a sectional side view of the underground excavation apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is a plane sectional view of the underground excavation equipment concerning this embodiment. It is a front view of the underground excavation apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is a rear view of the underground excavation apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the external appearance of the state which is constructing the pipe roof construction method, (a) is a front sectional view, (b) is a sectional side view. It is explanatory drawing which shows the excavation area | region of a cutter head. It is a sectional side view of the underground excavation device in a state where an iron plate is placed.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Underground excavation apparatus 10 ... Excavation member 11 ... Cutter head 11A ... Bit 12 ... Arm 13 ... Drive head 14 ... Auger 20 ... Turning apparatus 21 ... Slide ring 22 ... Rotary ring 23 ... Outer roller 24 ... Inner roller 25 ... Adjuster 27 ... Anti-rotation projection 28 ... Anti-rotation guide 30 ... Rotating bracket 31 ... Horizontal rod 32 ... Vertical rod 40 ... Left / right operation handle 41 ... Reducer 42 ... Vertical operation handle 45 ... Rotation operation handle 46 ... Pinion gear 47 ... Rack 50 ... Slide jack 51 ... Cylinder body 52 ... Cylinder rod 53 ... Bracket 54 ... Operation lever 60 ... Vacuum hose 70 ... Iron plate C ... Underground structure body D ... Earth and sand H ... Worker P ... Pipe PF ... Pipe roof

Claims (8)

An underground excavation device that is arranged in a pipe body buried in the ground and excavates underground in front of the pipe body,
A drilling member disposed at a position eccentric from the drilling axis, and projecting from the front of the tubular body to drill the ground;
Swivel means for rotating the excavation member about the excavation axis;
A swing operation mechanism for swinging the excavation member;
An underground excavation device comprising:   The excavation auger of Claim 1 provided with the excavation auger which transfers the earth and sand excavated by the said excavation member back. The swivel means includes a rotary ring disposed inside the tubular body, and a gear mechanism that rotates the rotary ring relative to the tubular body,
The underground excavation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the excavation member is attached to the rotary ring via a rotating bracket.   The underground excavation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a slide mechanism that slides the swiveling unit along the axial direction of the tube body with respect to the tube body.   The underground excavation device according to claim 4, wherein rollers are respectively provided between the slide mechanism and the tubular body and between the slide mechanism and the turning means.   The underground excavation apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a position adjusting unit that adjusts a position of the swivel unit in a direction orthogonal to the excavation axis with respect to the tubular body. A manual handle is provided in the swing operation mechanism,
The underground excavation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a speed reduction mechanism is provided between the excavation member and the manual handle. When interrupting excavation in the excavation member, a plate-like member that covers an exposed surface of the natural ground on the swivel means side is disposed between the natural ground in front of the tube and the swivel means,
The underground excavation device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the excavation member is pressed against the plate member to prevent a collapse of a natural ground on the exposed surface.

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