JP2009011903A - Covering material for asbestos-containing layer, and treatment method for asbestos-containing layer - Google Patents
Covering material for asbestos-containing layer, and treatment method for asbestos-containing layer Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、例えば車輌の床下鉄板等に、防錆・防音・断熱を目的として、アスベストを含有する塗料で塗装した際に形成されるアスベスト含有層が、床下鉄板等を切断した際、床下鉄板等から剥離して散乱することを防止するアスベスト含有層の被覆材に関するものであり、更に前記被覆材で被覆されたアスベスト含有層を高温で加熱してアスベストを無害化する方法に関するものである。 The present invention is, for example, when an asbestos-containing layer formed when an asbestos-containing layer is applied to a vehicle underfloor iron plate or the like with a paint containing asbestos for the purpose of rust prevention, soundproofing, or heat insulation. The present invention relates to a covering material for an asbestos-containing layer that prevents the asbestos-containing layer from peeling off and the like, and further to a method for detoxifying asbestos by heating the asbestos-containing layer coated with the covering material at a high temperature.
アスベストは柔軟性、耐熱性、化学的に不活性等の特徴を有することから、工業材料として使用されており、移動体（自動車・鉄道車両等）の構体部の床下鉄板等に、防音・断熱・防錆を目的として塗装される塗料中に使用され、前記塗装処理によって床下鉄板等にアスベスト含有層を形成している。 Asbestos has characteristics such as flexibility, heat resistance, and chemical inertness, so it is used as an industrial material. It is soundproof and heat-insulating on the underfloor iron plate of the structure of a moving body (automobile, railway vehicle, etc.). -Used in paints that are painted for the purpose of rust prevention, and an asbestos-containing layer is formed on the underfloor iron plate or the like by the above-mentioned coating treatment.
しかし、以前より、アスベストは自然環境や人体に悪影響を与える有害物質として問題になっている。例えば、アスベストは、日常的にアスベストを吸い込む環境にいると中皮腫等の病気を引き起こす原因になると言われている。そこで、アスベストを含む廃棄物の処理についても、人体や環境への影響を考慮して廃棄物処理法による処理基準が創設されている。 However, asbestos has been a problem as a harmful substance that adversely affects the natural environment and the human body. For example, asbestos is said to cause illnesses such as mesothelioma when in an environment where asbestos is inhaled on a daily basis. Therefore, for the treatment of waste containing asbestos, a treatment standard based on the waste treatment method has been established in consideration of the influence on the human body and the environment.
例えば、アスベストを含む廃棄物を収集又は運搬する際には、飛散しないように梱包し、又はシートで覆う等の措置を講じることや、運搬のためやむを得ず破砕又は切断する場合は、飛散しないように湿潤化した上で、積込みを必要最小限にとどめること等が規定されている。 For example, when collecting or transporting waste containing asbestos, pack it so that it does not scatter, or take measures such as covering it with a sheet, etc. It is stipulated that the loading is kept to the minimum necessary after wetting.
また、アスベストを含む廃棄物を処分又は再生利用する際には、処分又は再生利用の方法は、設置許可を受けた溶融施設で行う溶融処理と、認定を受けた者が行う無害化処理に限られること等が規定されている。 In addition, when disposing or recycling waste containing asbestos, disposal or recycling methods are limited to melting processing performed at melting facilities that have been approved for installation and detoxification processing performed by authorized personnel. It is stipulated that
このような現状から、移動体を解体して、後処理し易いように床下鉄板等を小さく切断する際には、床下鉄板等に形成されたアスベスト含有層が、飛散したりすることのないように、水によるシャワー吹き付けや大型吸引掃除機を使用して対処していた。 From such a current situation, when disassembling the moving body and cutting the underfloor iron plate or the like to facilitate post-processing, the asbestos-containing layer formed on the underfloor iron plate or the like does not scatter. In addition, we used a shower with water and a large vacuum cleaner.
しかし、水によるシャワー吹き付けでは、上述のアスベスト含有層が吹き付けの作用で、地面に落ちてアスベストが地中に流出し環境問題を引き起しかねず、また大型吸引掃除機による吸引においては、機械の性能等に左右され必ずしも飛散しているアスベスト含有層をすべて吸引することはできなかった。 However, in the shower spraying with water, the above-mentioned asbestos-containing layer is sprayed, and asbestos may fall into the ground and flow into the ground, causing environmental problems. It was not possible to aspirate all the asbestos-containing layers scattered depending on the performance and the like.
また、床下鉄板等を小さく切断する際に、アスベスト含有層が地面に剥がれ落ちたり、切断した床下鉄板等を溶融施設に搬送する際にも、アスベスト含有層が搬送車輌の荷台等に剥がれ落ちたりするので、落ちたアスベスト含有層の収集作業も手間がかかるものとなっていた。 In addition, asbestos-containing layers may be peeled off to the ground when cutting underfloor iron plates, etc., or asbestos-containing layers may be peeled off to the loading platform of transport vehicles when transporting cut underfloor iron plates, etc. to a melting facility. Therefore, the collection work of the asbestos-containing layer that has fallen has been troublesome.
更に、切断した床下鉄板等を溶融施設で高温処理する際には、アスベストの融点よりも塗料の成分（有機系）の融点の方が低いため、塗料の成分（有機系）がアスベストよりも先に融けて熱分解し燃焼してしまい、アスベストが加熱炉の中で浮遊する状態になってしまうという欠点を有していた。 Furthermore, when high-temperature processing of the cut underfloor iron plate, etc. at the melting facility, the melting point of the paint component (organic) is lower than the melting point of asbestos, so the paint component (organic) is ahead of asbestos. It has the disadvantage that it is melted into pyrolysis and burns, and asbestos floats in the heating furnace.
そこで、アスベスト吹き付け層の長期的なアスベストの飛散防止、あるいはアスベスト吹き付け層の剥離作業時にアスベストの飛散を確実に防止し、かつ剥離したものを処理して安定化させるための方法が提供されている（特許文献１）。 Therefore, there is provided a method for preventing the asbestos from being scattered for a long time in the asbestos spray layer, or for reliably preventing the asbestos from being scattered during the asbestos spray layer peeling process, and treating and stabilizing the peeled layer. (Patent Document 1).
特許文献１に記載されている方法では、軟質エポキシ樹脂をアスベスト吹き付け層に注入することにより、アスベスト吹き付け層を湿潤してアスベストを包み込むことができ、その後のアスベスト吹き付層の剥ぎ取り作業においても、アスベストは軟質エポキシ樹脂で包まれているか保持されているので、アスベストが空気中に浮遊することはない。 In the method described in Patent Document 1, by injecting a soft epoxy resin into the asbestos spray layer, the asbestos spray layer can be moistened to wrap the asbestos, and in the subsequent stripping operation of the asbestos spray layer Asbestos is wrapped or held in a soft epoxy resin so that it does not float in the air.
しかし、特許文献１に記載されている方法では、アスベストを含む軟質エポキシ樹脂層を高温で加熱処理する際に、アスベストの融点よりも軟質エポキシ樹脂の融点の方が低いため、アスベストを包み込んでいた、あるいは保持していた軟質エポキシ樹脂がアスベストよりも先に融けて熱分解し焼失してしまうので、アスベストが加熱炉の中で浮遊し、排ガス中に飛散して流出するおそれがある欠点を有している。 However, in the method described in Patent Document 1, when the soft epoxy resin layer containing asbestos is heat-treated at a high temperature, the melting point of the soft epoxy resin is lower than the melting point of asbestos, so that the asbestos is encapsulated. Or, since the soft epoxy resin that was held melts before asbestos and is thermally decomposed and burnt down, there is a drawback that asbestos may float in the furnace and scatter and flow out into the exhaust gas. is doing.
本発明はこのような事情に鑑みなされたもので、その目的はアスベスト含有層を有する床下鉄板等を切断した際に、床下鉄板等（以下「基板」という）に形成されたアスベスト含有層が基板から剥離して散乱することを防止するとともに、前記被覆材を被覆したアスベスト含有層を高温で加熱し、アスベストを排ガス中に飛散させることなく該アスベストを無害化する方法を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an asbestos-containing layer formed on an underfloor iron plate or the like (hereinafter referred to as “substrate”) when the underfloor iron plate or the like having an asbestos-containing layer is cut. It is intended to provide a method for preventing asbestos from being scattered while preventing the asbestos-containing layer coated with the coating material from being heated at a high temperature and scattering the asbestos into the exhaust gas.
上記目的を達成するために本発明の第１の態様は、有機糊と無機糊とを含む混合糊であることを特徴とするアスベスト含有層の被覆材である。 In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention is a coating material for an asbestos-containing layer, which is a mixed paste containing an organic paste and an inorganic paste.
本態様によれば、前記被覆材をアスベスト含有層に被覆することにより、前記混合糊がアスベスト含有層を封じ込めるとともに、混合糊中の、有機糊の接着作用により、基板を切断する際にアスベスト含有層が基板から剥がれるのを抑えることができる。更に、無機糊の耐火性の作用により、電気炉等で高温でアスベスト含有層を処理して無害化する際に、有機糊がアスベストよりも先に融けて熱分解し焼失しても、融点が高い無機糊がアスベストを保持（拘束）して、アスベストが電気炉等中で浮遊し排ガス中に飛散しない効果が得られる。 According to this aspect, by covering the asbestos-containing layer with the coating material, the mixed paste contains the asbestos-containing layer, and the asbestos-containing layer is cut when the substrate is cut by the adhesive action of the organic paste in the mixed paste. It can suppress that a layer peels from a board | substrate. Furthermore, when the asbestos-containing layer is treated and detoxified at a high temperature in an electric furnace or the like due to the fire resistance action of the inorganic glue, the melting point is reduced even if the organic glue melts before the asbestos and pyrolyzes and burns out. High inorganic paste retains (restrains) asbestos, so that asbestos is floated in an electric furnace or the like and is not scattered in exhaust gas.
本発明の第２の態様は、第１の態様に記載のアスベスト含有層の被覆材において、前記有機糊が合成樹脂のエマルジョンであり、無機糊が無機化合物のコロイド溶液であることを特徴とするものである。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the covering material for an asbestos-containing layer according to the first aspect, the organic paste is an emulsion of a synthetic resin, and the inorganic paste is a colloidal solution of an inorganic compound. Is.
本態様によれば、第１の態様の効果に加え、各糊の粘性により基板への被覆層が形成され易いという効果が得られる。 According to this aspect, in addition to the effect of the first aspect, an effect that the coating layer on the substrate is easily formed by the viscosity of each paste is obtained.
本発明の第３の態様は、第２の態様に記載のアスベスト含有層の被覆材において、前記合成樹脂のエマルジョンは、合成樹脂がエチレン酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂、エチレンアクリル酸エチル共重合樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、ポリエチレンオキサイド樹脂、ゴムから選ばれる１種以上を含む水溶性合成樹脂のエマルジョンであり、前記無機化合物のコロイド溶液は、無機化合物がシリカ、アルミナ、スメクタイト、モンモリロナイト、バーミキュライトから選ばれる１種以上を含むコロイド溶液であることを特徴とするものである。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the covering material for an asbestos-containing layer according to the second aspect, the synthetic resin emulsion comprises an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin, an ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymer resin, an acetic acid It is an emulsion of a water-soluble synthetic resin containing at least one selected from vinyl resin, polyethylene oxide resin and rubber, and the colloidal solution of the inorganic compound is one selected from silica, alumina, smectite, montmorillonite and vermiculite as the inorganic compound. It is a colloidal solution containing the above.
本態様によれば、接着性の高い合成樹脂を配合することにより、基板を切断する際にアスベスト含有層が基板から剥がれるのを一層抑えることができる。また、高温耐火性のある無機化合物を配合することにより、合成樹脂が焼失した後のより高温までアスベストを保持する効果が得られ、アスベストの飛散を防止することができる。 According to this aspect, by blending a synthetic resin having high adhesiveness, the asbestos-containing layer can be further prevented from peeling off from the substrate when the substrate is cut. Further, by blending an inorganic compound having high temperature fire resistance, an effect of holding asbestos to a higher temperature after the synthetic resin is burned out can be obtained, and scattering of asbestos can be prevented.
さらに、水溶性合成樹脂を使用することにより、溶媒を水とすることができ、環境にも負荷をかけず経済性にも優れる。 Furthermore, by using a water-soluble synthetic resin, the solvent can be water, and it is excellent in economy without burdening the environment.
本発明の第４の態様は、第１の態様から第３の態様のいずれか１つに記載のアスベスト含有層の被覆材において、着色剤が添加されていることを特徴とするものである。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the covering material for an asbestos-containing layer according to any one of the first to third aspects, a colorant is added.
本態様によれば、被覆した基材と被覆しない基材の識別を視覚的に行うことができるので、誤って再塗布するようなことがなくなり作業効率を上げることができる。 According to this aspect, the coated substrate and the uncoated substrate can be visually discriminated, so that there is no mistaken re-application, and work efficiency can be improved.
本発明の第５の態様は、アスベスト含有層を有する基板を切断する工程と、切断した前記基板の少なくともアスベスト含有層に、請求項１から請求項４のいずれか１項に記載されたアスベスト含有層の被覆材を被覆する工程と、前記被覆材を被覆した前記基板を高温で加熱してアスベストを無害化処理することを特徴とする。 As for 5th aspect of this invention, the process which cut | disconnects the board | substrate which has an asbestos content layer, and the asbestos content described in any one of Claims 1-4 in the at least asbestos content layer of the cut said board | substrate. A step of coating a coating material of the layer, and heating the substrate coated with the coating material at a high temperature to detoxify asbestos.
本態様によれば、アスベスト含有層を加熱処理する工程の規模によって切断し、その後第１の態様から第３の態様のいずれか１つに記載のアスベスト含有層の被覆材を被覆することで、有機糊の接着作用によりアスベスト含有層が基板から剥離することを抑えることができると共に、加熱処理の工程においては、高温で無機糊がアスベストを保持（拘束）することで、アスベストが排ガス中に飛散することなく、アスベストを無害化できる効果が得られる。 According to the present aspect, by cutting the asbestos-containing layer according to the scale of the heat treatment step, and then coating the asbestos-containing layer coating material according to any one of the first to third aspects, Asbestos can be prevented from peeling from the substrate due to the adhesive action of organic glue, and in the heat treatment process, asbestos is scattered in the exhaust gas by holding (restraining) the asbestos at high temperature. The effect of detoxifying asbestos can be obtained without doing so.
本発明の第６の態様は、第５の態様に記載のアスベスト含有層の処理方法において、アスベスト含有層を有する前記基板は車輌を解体して発生したものであり、前記基板の切断はガス切断であることを特徴とする。 According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the method for treating an asbestos-containing layer according to the fifth aspect, the substrate having the asbestos-containing layer is generated by disassembling a vehicle, and the cutting of the substrate is a gas cutting. It is characterized by being.
本態様によれば、第５の態様の効果に加え、ガス切断することにより切断箇所からアスベスト含有層が飛散することを抑える効果を有する。 According to this aspect, in addition to the effect of the fifth aspect, there is an effect of suppressing the scattering of the asbestos-containing layer from the cut portion by gas cutting.
また、付随的な効果として、ガス切断における火炎温度はアスベストを溶かすのには十分な温度ので、切断箇所のアスベスト含有層中のアスベストについては無害化できる効果も有する。 Further, as an incidental effect, the flame temperature in gas cutting is a temperature sufficient to dissolve asbestos, so that asbestos in the asbestos-containing layer at the cutting site can be rendered harmless.
本発明によれば、アスベスト含有層に本発明の被覆材を被覆することにより、基板に形成されたアスベスト含有層が、基板を切断した際や切断した基板を運搬する際にも基板から剥離して散乱することもない。さらに、本発明の被覆材を被覆したアスベスト含有層を加熱処理する際には、アスベストを排ガス中に飛散させることなくアスベストを無害化することができる。 According to the present invention, by covering the asbestos-containing layer with the coating material of the present invention, the asbestos-containing layer formed on the substrate peels off from the substrate even when the substrate is cut or when the cut substrate is transported. And will not scatter. Furthermore, when the asbestos-containing layer coated with the coating material of the present invention is heat-treated, asbestos can be rendered harmless without causing the asbestos to scatter in the exhaust gas.
以下、本発明にかかるアスベスト含有層の被覆材について詳細に説明する。本発明の被覆材が使用されるアスベスト含有層を有する基板は、防錆、防音、断熱、結露防止等の目的でアスベスト含有(4.5〜13wt%)の瀝青系塗料を塗布した、例えば車両の構体部の床下鉄板等である。この床下鉄板のアスベスト含有層に本発明の被覆材を被覆する。 Hereinafter, the covering material for the asbestos-containing layer according to the present invention will be described in detail. A substrate having an asbestos-containing layer in which the coating material of the present invention is used is coated with an asbestos-containing (4.5 to 13 wt%) bituminous paint for the purpose of rust prevention, soundproofing, heat insulation, prevention of condensation, etc. Part of the underfloor iron plate. The asbestos-containing layer of the underfloor iron plate is coated with the coating material of the present invention.
図１に示した実施例において、アスベスト含有層の被覆材を被覆する作業は、アスベスト含有層付き基板鉄板のガス切断後に行われる。ガス切断中はアスベスト含有層が軟化するので、アスベスト含有層が基板から剥がれたり飛散したりすることはほとんどないが、切断後に放置したままにするとアスベスト含有層が硬化して、その搬送工程等において基板から剥離しやすいからである。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the operation of coating the covering material for the asbestos-containing layer is performed after gas cutting of the substrate iron plate with the asbestos-containing layer. Since the asbestos-containing layer softens during gas cutting, the asbestos-containing layer hardly peels off or scatters from the substrate, but if left as it is after cutting, the asbestos-containing layer hardens, and in its transport process, etc. This is because it is easy to peel off from the substrate.
なお、鉄道車両構体部を重機で解体後であって、アスベスト含有層付き基板鉄板をガス切断する前に前記基板鉄板にアスベスト含有層の被覆材を被覆しておくと、アスベスト含有層が基板から剥がれたり飛散したりすることを一層防止することができる。 In addition, after disassembling the railway vehicle structure with heavy machinery and before gas-cutting the substrate iron plate with the asbestos-containing layer, if the substrate iron plate is coated with a covering material for the asbestos-containing layer, the asbestos-containing layer is removed from the substrate. It is possible to further prevent peeling or scattering.
アスベスト含有層の被覆材は有機糊と無機糊との混合糊であり、本実施例では、有機糊としては水溶性の合成樹脂のエマルジョン、無機糊としては無機化合物のコロイド溶液であり、さらに着色剤が添加されている。 The coating material for the asbestos-containing layer is a mixed paste of organic paste and inorganic paste. In this embodiment, the organic paste is a water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion, the inorganic paste is a colloidal solution of an inorganic compound, and further colored. An agent has been added.
なお、有機糊と無機糊との配合比率の範囲は重量部で、有機糊15〜85重量部、無機糊85〜15重量部である。特に好ましい配合比率の範囲は有機糊20〜80重量部、無機糊80〜20重量部である。有機糊の配合が高すぎると加熱処理の際にアスベストを高温まで保持（拘束）しにくくなり、アスベストが排ガス中に飛散しやすくなり、逆に無機糊の配合が高すぎると接着力が弱くなって基板から剥がれやすくなってしまう。 In addition, the range of the compounding ratio of organic paste and inorganic paste is a part by weight, and is 15 to 85 parts by weight of organic paste and 85 to 15 parts by weight of inorganic paste. Particularly preferred blending ratio ranges are 20-80 parts by weight of organic paste and 80-20 parts by weight of inorganic paste. If the amount of organic paste is too high, it will be difficult to hold (restrain) asbestos to a high temperature during heat treatment, and asbestos will be easily scattered in the exhaust gas. Conversely, if the amount of inorganic paste is too high, the adhesive strength will be weak. Easily peel off from the substrate.
アスベスト含有層の被覆材の被覆方法としては、エアレス塗装機で行う方法、エア吹付け、静電塗装、ローラー、刷毛等で被覆する方法等の公知の方法が挙げられる。 Examples of the method for coating the coating material for the asbestos-containing layer include known methods such as a method using an airless coating machine, a method using air spraying, electrostatic coating, a roller, a brush, and the like.
アスベスト含有層の被覆材の被覆量については、３０〜１０００g／m２の範囲で被覆するが、好ましい範囲は１００〜５００g／m２である。乾燥方法については、自然乾燥あるいは強制乾燥どちらでも良い。自然乾燥であれば2時間〜16時間放置し、強制乾燥であれば送風機、熱風乾燥機等によって乾燥させる。 The coating amount of the coating material of the asbestos-containing layer, although coated with a range of 30~1000g / m 2, a preferred range of 100 to 500 g / m 2. The drying method may be either natural drying or forced drying. If it is naturally dried, it is left for 2 to 16 hours, and if it is forcedly dried, it is dried by a blower, a hot air dryer or the like.
水溶性の合成樹脂としては、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂、エチレンアクリル酸エチル共重合樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、ポリエチレンオキサイド樹脂、ゴム等が挙げられ、接着力が高いものが望ましい。 Examples of the water-soluble synthetic resin include ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymer resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyethylene oxide resin, rubber and the like, and those having high adhesive strength are desirable.
接着力の高い方が、基板を切断した際にアスベスト含有層が基板から剥がれにくくなり、散乱も防止できるからである。 This is because the higher the adhesive strength, the more difficult the asbestos-containing layer is peeled off from the substrate when the substrate is cut, and scattering can be prevented.
コロイド溶液中の無機化合物としては、シリカ、アルミナ、スメクタイト、モンモリロナイト、バーミキュライト等が挙げられ、特に高温耐火性を有するものが望ましい。高温でも融けずにしっかりとアスベストを保持（拘束）することで、アスベストの排ガス中への飛散を防止できるからである。 Examples of the inorganic compound in the colloidal solution include silica, alumina, smectite, montmorillonite, vermiculite and the like, and those having high temperature fire resistance are particularly desirable. This is because it is possible to prevent asbestos from scattering into the exhaust gas by firmly holding (restraining) asbestos without melting even at high temperatures.
着色剤としては、ゲータイト、酸化鉄、酸化カルシウム、酸化チタン等の金属酸化化合物が挙げられる。これらは着色剤以外に、被覆材のだれ防止効果も有する。 Examples of the colorant include metal oxide compounds such as goethite, iron oxide, calcium oxide, and titanium oxide. In addition to the colorant, these also have an anti-sagging effect on the coating material.
また、通常、コロイド溶液を安定させておくために保護コロイドが用いられるが、本発明も被覆材を安定して使用するために保護コロイドを添加しても良い。保護コロイドとしては、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール等が用いられる。 Usually, a protective colloid is used to keep the colloid solution stable. However, in the present invention, a protective colloid may be added to use the coating material stably. As the protective colloid, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and the like are used.
さらに、環境への影響を考慮した場合、本発明の被覆材には燃焼時に塩素、フッ素、シアノ基等の環境上有害な成分を含まないものが良い。 Furthermore, when the influence on the environment is taken into consideration, it is preferable that the coating material of the present invention does not contain environmentally harmful components such as chlorine, fluorine and cyano groups during combustion.
本発明の被覆材を安定して使用するためには、混合液のｐＨは８〜９．５の範囲が好ましい。ｐＨの調整剤は、例えば酸性剤としては酢酸等の有機化合物の酸性薬剤であってもいいし、無機の酸性薬剤であってもよい。塩基性剤としてはアンモニア水などの塩基性薬剤であれば良い。 In order to stably use the coating material of the present invention, the pH of the mixed solution is preferably in the range of 8 to 9.5. The pH adjusting agent may be, for example, an acidic agent of an organic compound such as acetic acid as an acidic agent, or may be an inorganic acidic agent. The basic agent may be a basic agent such as aqueous ammonia.
さらに、被覆材の粘度はB型回転粘度計により、500±100 mPa・sとなるように、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース２％溶液で調整を行った。なお粘度は被覆層が形成できる程度の粘度があればよく、上記数値の範囲に限定されるものではない。また調整剤もその濃度も上記のものに限定されるものではない。 Furthermore, the viscosity of the coating material was adjusted with a 2% solution of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose using a B-type rotary viscometer so that the viscosity was 500 ± 100 mPa · s. The viscosity only needs to be high enough to form a coating layer, and is not limited to the above numerical range. Further, the concentration of the adjusting agent is not limited to the above.
アスベスト含有層を有する基板を切断する際は、切断箇所からアスベスト含有層が飛散することを抑えるためにガス切断が好ましいが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば重機の切断機による切断でも構わない。 When cutting a substrate having an asbestos-containing layer, gas cutting is preferable in order to prevent the asbestos-containing layer from scattering from the cut portion, but the invention is not limited to this. For example, it may be cut by a heavy machine cutting machine.
なお、アスベスト含有層を有する基板は、鉄板、鋼板に限らずアスベスト含有層を有していれば建材等であっても本発明の効果は得られる。 In addition, the board | substrate which has an asbestos content layer is not restricted to an iron plate and a steel plate, but if it has an asbestos content layer, even if it is a building material etc., the effect of this invention will be acquired.
アスベスト含有層を有する基板は電気炉内に投入可能な大きさに切断後、被覆材を塗布して、電気炉にフラックス剤（例えば石灰石）と共に投入し処理する。この際、電気炉内の温度は１３５０℃以上で処理することが好ましい。アスベストの軟化点が１３５０℃程度なので、それ以上の温度で処理することにより、アスベストを溶融させ無害化する必要があるからである。 The substrate having the asbestos-containing layer is cut to a size that can be charged into an electric furnace, and then a coating material is applied, and the electric furnace is charged with a fluxing agent (for example, limestone) and processed. At this time, the temperature in the electric furnace is preferably 1350 ° C. or higher. This is because the asbestos has a softening point of about 1350 ° C., so that it is necessary to melt the asbestos and make it harmless by treating at a temperature higher than that.
本発明の被覆材の無機糊の無機化合物は、アスベスト含有層中の有機成分及び本発明の被覆材の有機糊が焼失する時の温度以上の融点を有しているものであればよい。当該温度でアスベストを保持（拘束）していれば、アスベストの排ガス中への飛散を低減させることができるからである。なお、好ましくは融点の高い無機化合物が良い。高温までアスベストを保持（拘束）することにより、高温におけるアスベストの排ガス中への飛散を一層防止できるからである。 The inorganic compound of the inorganic paste of the coating material of the present invention only needs to have a melting point equal to or higher than the temperature at which the organic component in the asbestos-containing layer and the organic paste of the coating material of the present invention burn out. This is because if asbestos is held (restrained) at the temperature, scattering of asbestos into the exhaust gas can be reduced. An inorganic compound having a high melting point is preferable. This is because by holding (restraining) asbestos to a high temperature, it is possible to further prevent the asbestos from being scattered into the exhaust gas at a high temperature.
また、電気炉内では、フラックス剤、アスベスト含有層内のアスベスト及び本発明の被覆材の無機糊の無機化合物が反応し、最終的に珪酸カルシウムが生成する。 Further, in the electric furnace, the flux agent, the asbestos in the asbestos-containing layer, and the inorganic compound of the inorganic paste of the coating material of the present invention react to finally produce calcium silicate.
これは、建材の原料や土壌改良剤として使用可能である。つまり、本発明のアスベスト含有層の処理方法により、アスベスト含有層を有する廃棄物を再利用することが可能となる。 This can be used as a raw material for building materials or as a soil conditioner. That is, the waste having an asbestos-containing layer can be reused by the method for treating an asbestos-containing layer of the present invention.
本発明の効果を確認するために行った実施例を以下に示す。 Examples carried out to confirm the effects of the present invention are shown below.
[供試体の作製]
鉄道車両解体後の構体部の基板鉄板から、基板鉄板に形成されているアスベスト含有層をカッターで剥がして、供試体であるアスベスト含有層を15ｍｍ（高さ）×50ｍｍ（幅）×80ｍｍ（長さ）の寸法に切断し、900℃で30分間加熱処理を行ってアスベスト含有層に含まれる有機質分を除去する。この目的は、本発明の被覆材単体での防塵効果を評価するためである。
[Preparation of specimen]
The asbestos-containing layer formed on the substrate iron plate is peeled off from the substrate iron plate of the structure after dismantling the railway vehicle with a cutter, and the asbestos-containing layer as a specimen is 15 mm (height) x 50 mm (width) x 80 mm (long) C), and heat-treated at 900 ° C. for 30 minutes to remove organic components contained in the asbestos-containing layer. The purpose is to evaluate the dustproof effect of the coating material of the present invention alone.
上記、加熱前処理済のアスベスト含有層を、変形防止の目的で適当な大きさの平滑な金網架台にうけて、調整した本発明の被覆材１〜３にそれぞれ10秒間含浸させて塗布を施す。次いで、105±5℃の電気恒温槽の中で約3時間乾燥を行って絶乾させ、供試体を作製する。
これらを、実施例、比較例１、比較例２とする
The preheated asbestos-containing layer is applied to a smooth wire mesh frame of an appropriate size for the purpose of preventing deformation, and impregnated with each of the prepared coating materials 1 to 3 of the present invention for 10 seconds. . Next, drying is performed for about 3 hours in an electric thermostat at 105 ± 5 ° C., and the sample is completely dried to prepare a specimen.
These are referred to as Example, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2.
[被覆材１の調整]
被覆材の配合量の基準は以下、固形分での重量部で示す。
無機糊と有機糊の混合糊として、無機質糊の成分には軟質性コロイド状スメクタイト17部、コロイド状シリカ30部、ゲータイト3部とし、有機質糊の成分には軟質性エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂エマルジョン49部、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース1部の配合比とし、水で30wt%濃度の塗布溶液にし、被覆材１とした。これを含浸させたアスベスト含有層を実施例とした。
[Adjustment of coating material 1]
The standard for the blending amount of the coating material is shown below in terms of parts by weight in solid content.
As a mixed paste of inorganic paste and organic paste, 17 parts of soft colloidal smectite, 30 parts of colloidal silica and 3 parts of goethite are used for the inorganic paste component, and soft ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin emulsion is used for the organic paste component. The coating ratio was 49 parts by weight and 1 part by weight of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. An asbestos-containing layer impregnated with this was taken as an example.
[被覆材２の調整]
有機糊のエマルジョンとして、軟質性エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂エマルジョン49部、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース1部の配合比とし、水で30wt%濃度の塗布溶液にし、被覆材２とした。これを含浸させたアスベスト含有層を比較例１とした。
[Adjustment of coating material 2]
As an organic paste emulsion, a blending ratio of 49 parts of a soft ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin emulsion and 1 part of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was made into a coating solution having a concentration of 30 wt% with water to obtain a coating material 2. The asbestos-containing layer impregnated with this was designated as Comparative Example 1.
[被覆材３の調整]
無機糊のコロイド溶液として、軟質性コロイド状スメクタイト17部、コロイド状シリカ30部、ゲータイト3部とし、水で30wt%濃度の塗布溶液にし、被覆材３とした。これを含浸させたアスベスト含有層を比較例２とした。
[Adjustment of coating material 3]
As a colloidal solution of inorganic glue, 17 parts of soft colloidal smectite, 30 parts of colloidal silica, and 3 parts of goethite were made into a coating solution having a concentration of 30 wt% with water, and coating material 3 was obtained. The asbestos-containing layer impregnated with this was designated as Comparative Example 2.
[比較例３]
比較例３として、被覆材１〜３を塗布しない未処理のアスベスト含有層についても粉塵測定を行うこととした。
[Comparative Example 3]
As Comparative Example 3, dust measurement was also performed on an untreated asbestos-containing layer on which the coating materials 1 to 3 were not applied.
[供試体の粉塵測定]
調整された本発明の被覆材１〜３をそれぞれ塗布した供試体を、扉付きで室内の天上部に排気孔兼粉塵濃度測定孔(Ф30ｍｍ)を設けた耐熱鋼のSUS310S(耐熱温度1000℃)材で内張りしたマッフル電気炉(内寸150ｍｍ（高さ）×150ｍｍ（幅）×150ｍｍ（長さ)）内から対流で排出する粉塵濃度を、レーザー光デジタル粉塵計(SIBATA製LD-3K2型)により5分間計った。
[Dust measurement of specimen]
SUS310S (heat-resistant temperature 1000 ° C) of heat-resistant steel with test pieces coated with the adjusted coating materials 1 to 3 of the present invention provided with a door and provided with an exhaust hole and dust concentration measurement hole (Ф 30 mm) at the top of the room Muffle electric furnace lined with wood (inner dimensions 150mm (height) x 150mm (width) x 150mm (length)) The concentration of dust discharged by convection from a laser digital dust meter (LD-3K2 made by SIBATA) For 5 minutes.
マッフル電気炉内での熱処理条件(℃×分)は、300×30、600×30、900×30の３水準で行った。結果を表１に示す。 The heat treatment conditions (° C. × min) in the muffle electric furnace were performed at three levels of 300 × 30, 600 × 30, and 900 × 30. The results are shown in Table 1.
表１中の粉塵濃度の項目が電気炉天井部の排気孔から飛散するアスベストの量に対応する。 The item of the dust concentration in Table 1 corresponds to the amount of asbestos scattered from the exhaust hole of the electric furnace ceiling.
[被覆材１〜３の接着強さの測定]
被覆材１〜３の接着強さは、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ６８５０の「接着剤の引張せん断接着強さ試験方法」に準拠する。ただし、被接着材の材質は一般構造用軽量形鋼板ＳＳＣ４１の厚さ1.6ｍｍを用いた。結果を表１に示す。
[Measurement of adhesive strength of coating materials 1 to 3]
The adhesive strength of the covering materials 1 to 3 conforms to “Test method of tensile shear adhesive strength of adhesive” in JIS K 6850. However, the thickness of the material to be bonded was 1.6 mm of the general structural lightweight steel plate SSC41. The results are shown in Table 1.
[被覆材１〜３の造膜硬度の測定]
被覆材１〜３の造膜硬度を測定するため被覆材１〜３の造膜体を作成した。
造膜体は、被覆材１〜３をアルミホイル（Ф50ｍｍ）の容器を使用して、被覆材１〜３の乾燥膜の厚さが5ｍｍに仕上がるように、電気恒温乾燥機の温度105±5℃において絶乾させて作成した。
[Measurement of film-forming hardness of coating materials 1 to 3]
In order to measure the film forming hardness of the covering materials 1 to 3, film forming bodies of the covering materials 1 to 3 were prepared.
The film forming body uses a container of aluminum foil (Ф 50 mm) for the covering materials 1 to 3, and the temperature of the electric thermostatic dryer is 105 ± 5 so that the dry film thickness of the covering materials 1 to 3 is finished to 5 mm. It was prepared by drying completely at 0 ° C.
作成した被覆材１〜３の造膜体の硬度は、ラバーテスター(テクノック製GS-701N型)により測定した。なお、ラバーテスターの最高値は100で、この値は鋼板の硬さを示す。結果を表１に示す。 The hardness of the formed coatings 1 to 3 was measured with a rubber tester (GS-701N manufactured by Technoc). The maximum value of the rubber tester is 100, and this value indicates the hardness of the steel sheet. The results are shown in Table 1.
実施例と比較例３を900×30(℃×分)の値で比較すると、実施例では、粉塵濃度が０．０４（ｍｇ／ｍ３）であるのに対し、比較例３は１．０（ｍｇ／ｍ３）以上であり、本発明の被覆材１を被覆した方が、未処理のアスベスト含有層より電気炉内でのアスベストの排ガス中への飛散が抑えられることが確認された。 When Example and Comparative Example 3 are compared with a value of 900 × 30 (° C. × min), in Example, the dust concentration is 0.04 (mg / m 3 ), whereas Comparative Example 3 is 1.0 (Mg / m 3 ) or more, and it was confirmed that the coating of the coating material 1 of the present invention can suppress the asbestos scattering into the exhaust gas in the electric furnace from the untreated asbestos-containing layer.
また、粉塵濃度を比較すると、無機糊を成分とした被覆材３を用いた場合（比較例２）、粉塵濃度は０．０１（ｍｇ／ｍ３）と最小である。しかし、接着強さが２（Ｎ／ｍｍ２）と弱く造膜硬度が８９°と高いため、この値では、アスベスト含有層を有する基板を切断後に、比較例２の被覆材を被覆しても基板からアスベスト含有層が剥がれ落ちてしまう欠点がある。 Further, when the dust concentration is compared, when the coating material 3 containing inorganic paste as a component is used (Comparative Example 2), the dust concentration is 0.01 (mg / m 3 ) and the minimum. However, since the adhesive strength is weak (2 (N / mm 2 )) and the film-forming hardness is as high as 89 °, even if the substrate having the asbestos-containing layer is cut at this value, the coating material of Comparative Example 2 is coated. There is a drawback that the asbestos-containing layer peels off from the substrate.
一方、有機糊を成分とした被覆材２を用いた場合（比較例１）、接着強さが１８（Ｎ／ｍｍ２）と強く造膜硬度６８°と低く柔軟性があり、基板切断中や切断後の搬送時に基板からアスベスト含有層が剥がれ落ちてしまうことはないが、融点が低いため、高温でアスベストを保持することができず、粉塵濃度が０．０５〜０．１２（ｍｇ／ｍ３）と高くなっている。この値は排ガス中へのアスベストの飛散量が多いことを示しており、有機糊を成分とした被覆材２を用いた場合には、アスベストが排ガス中に飛散することなくアスベストを無害化するという目的は達成できない。 On the other hand, when the coating material 2 containing organic glue as a component is used (Comparative Example 1), the adhesive strength is 18 (N / mm 2 ) and the film forming hardness is 68 °, which is low and flexible. Although the asbestos-containing layer does not peel off from the substrate during conveyance after cutting, since the melting point is low, asbestos cannot be held at a high temperature, and the dust concentration is 0.05 to 0.12 (mg / m 3 ) It is high. This value indicates that the amount of asbestos scattered in the exhaust gas is large. When the coating material 2 containing organic glue is used, asbestos is made harmless without being scattered in the exhaust gas. The goal cannot be achieved.
上記比較例１、２に比べ、本発明の実施例である無機糊と有機糊の混合糊を用いた場合、粉塵濃度は０．０２〜０．０４（ｍｇ／ｍ３）と低く、接着強さは１２（Ｎ／ｍｍ２）と比較例２より強いので、アスベスト含有層を有する基板を切断中及び切断後の搬送時に、基板からアスベスト含有層が剥がれ落ちてしまうおそれが少ないことを示している。また、造膜硬度においても７６°と一定の柔軟性を有しているので、総合的に判断すると他の比較例よりも優れていることが確認された。 Compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2 above, when the mixed paste of inorganic paste and organic paste, which is an example of the present invention, was used, the dust concentration was as low as 0.02 to 0.04 (mg / m 3 ), and the adhesive strength was high. Since the length is 12 (N / mm 2 ), which is stronger than Comparative Example 2, it indicates that the asbestos-containing layer is less likely to be peeled off from the substrate during and after cutting the substrate having the asbestos-containing layer. Yes. In addition, since the film forming hardness has a certain flexibility of 76 °, it was confirmed that the film forming hardness was superior to other comparative examples when judged comprehensively.
以上より、アスベスト含有層を有する基板に、本発明の被覆材を被覆した場合、有機糊の接着強さと柔軟性（造膜硬度が低い）により、基板からアスベスト含有層が剥がれ落ちるのを防止し、高温でアスベスト含有層を処理する際には、有機糊がアスベストよりも先に融けて熱分解し焼失してしまっても、無機糊がアスベストを保持（拘束）しているので、アスベストの飛散は抑えられ、アスベストを融かして無害化することができる。 From the above, when the substrate having the asbestos-containing layer is coated with the coating material of the present invention, the asbestos-containing layer is prevented from peeling off from the substrate due to the adhesive strength and flexibility (low film-forming hardness) of the organic paste. When processing asbestos-containing layers at high temperatures, even if the organic paste melts before asbestos and pyrolyzes and burns away, the inorganic paste retains (restrains) the asbestos. Can be detoxified by melting asbestos.
本願発明は、例えば車輌の床下鉄板等に、防錆・防音・断熱を目的として、アスベストを含有する塗料で塗装した際に形成されるアスベスト含有層が、車輌解体後に床下鉄板等を切断した際、床下鉄板等から剥離して散乱することを防止したり、アスベスト含有層を高温で加熱してアスベストを無害化する方法に利用可能である。 The invention of the present application is, for example, when an asbestos-containing layer formed when an asbestos-containing coating is applied to an underfloor iron plate of a vehicle for the purpose of rust prevention, soundproofing, and heat insulation, and the underfloor iron plate is cut after the vehicle is disassembled. It can be used for a method of preventing separation and scattering from an underfloor iron plate or the like, or heating an asbestos-containing layer at a high temperature to render asbestos harmless.
Claims (6)
前記有機糊が合成樹脂のエマルジョンであり、無機糊が無機化合物のコロイド溶液であることを特徴とするアスベスト含有層の被覆材。 In the covering material of the asbestos-containing layer according to claim 1,
A coating material for an asbestos-containing layer, wherein the organic paste is an emulsion of a synthetic resin and the inorganic paste is a colloidal solution of an inorganic compound.
前記合成樹脂のエマルジョンは、合成樹脂がエチレン酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂、エチレンアクリル酸エチル共重合樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、ポリエチレンオキサイド樹脂、ゴムから選ばれる１種以上を含む水溶性合成樹脂のエマルジョンであり、
前記無機化合物のコロイド溶液は、無機化合物がシリカ、アルミナ、スメクタイト、モンモリロナイト、バーミキュライトから選ばれる１種以上を含むコロイド溶液であることを特徴とするアスベスト含有層の被覆材。 In the covering material of the asbestos-containing layer according to claim 2,
The synthetic resin emulsion is an emulsion of a water-soluble synthetic resin in which the synthetic resin contains at least one selected from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymer resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyethylene oxide resin, and rubber. ,
The coating material for an asbestos-containing layer, wherein the colloidal solution of the inorganic compound is a colloidal solution containing at least one selected from silica, alumina, smectite, montmorillonite, and vermiculite.
切断した前記基板の少なくともアスベスト含有層に、請求項１から請求項４のいずれか１項に記載されたアスベスト含有層の被覆材を被覆する工程と、
前記被覆材を被覆した前記基板を高温で加熱してアスベストを無害化処理することを特徴とするアスベスト含有層の処理方法。 Cutting the substrate having the asbestos-containing layer;
The step of coating at least the asbestos-containing layer of the cut substrate with the coating material for the asbestos-containing layer according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A method for treating an asbestos-containing layer, wherein the substrate coated with the coating material is heated at a high temperature to detoxify asbestos.
アスベスト含有層を有する前記基板は車輌を解体して発生したものであり、前記基板の切断はガス切断であることを特徴とするアスベスト含有層の処理方法。 In the processing method of the asbestos containing layer of Claim 5,
A method for treating an asbestos-containing layer, wherein the substrate having an asbestos-containing layer is generated by dismantling a vehicle, and the cutting of the substrate is gas cutting.
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