JP2009007479A - Method for modifying heavy fuel and modification apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Method for modifying heavy fuel and modification apparatus therefor Download PDF

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JP2009007479A
JP2009007479A JP2007170389A JP2007170389A JP2009007479A JP 2009007479 A JP2009007479 A JP 2009007479A JP 2007170389 A JP2007170389 A JP 2007170389A JP 2007170389 A JP2007170389 A JP 2007170389A JP 2009007479 A JP2009007479 A JP 2009007479A
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heavy fuel
reforming
fluidized bed
bed reactor
gas
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JP5239226B2 (en
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Hiroaki Ohara
宏明 大原
Tetsuya Hirata
哲也 平田
Hiroyuki Kamata
博之 鎌田
Kentaro Narai
健太郎 成相
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IHI Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heavy fuel modifying method having simplified overall process and dispensing with the use of natural gas as a heat source for hydrogenation and steam generation and to provide a modification apparatus for the method. <P>SOLUTION: A heavy fuel and air are introduced into a fluidized-bed reactor 1, to modify the heavy fuel by the fluidized bed, the coke and/or pitch formed by the modification reaction are taken out of the fluidized-bed reactor 1 and introduced into a combustor 6 to burn the coke and/or pitch. The produced steam is supplied to the fluidized-bed reactor 1 to modify the heavy fuel, and modified bitumen is separated from a volatile oil and/or gas generated by the modification. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、ビチューメン等の重質燃料を改質する重質燃料の改質方法及びその改質装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a heavy fuel reforming method and reforming apparatus for reforming heavy fuel such as bitumen.

近年、ビチューメン、ペトロコーク、オイルサンド、オイルシェール等の重質燃料を改質し、改質燃料油及び燃料ガスとして回収することが考えられている。   In recent years, it has been considered to reform heavy fuel such as bitumen, petrocoke, oil sand, oil shale and the like and recover it as reformed fuel oil and fuel gas.

ビチューメンを改質する際には、熱分解装置のフールドコーカや、水素を付加し得るＬＣファイナを用いてビチューメンを低粘度化し、更に水素化処理装置を用いてビチューメンを改質及び脱硫処理している。   When reforming the bitumen, the viscosity of the bitumen is reduced using a heat coke coordinator or an LC finalizer that can add hydrogen, and the bitumen is reformed and desulfurized using a hydrotreating device. .

又、オイルサンドやオイルシェールを処理する際には、前処理段階として、掘削したオイルサンド等にスチームや温水を加えて軟質化し、分離器によりビチューメンを抽出する工程が必要となっている（非特許文献１、２等参照）。   In addition, when processing oil sand or oil shale, a process of extracting bitumen with a separator is required as a pre-treatment stage by adding steam or hot water to the drilled oil sand or the like (Non-Natural). (See Patent Documents 1 and 2).

ここで、ビチューメンを水素化処理するための水素は、天然ガスの水蒸気改質により生成され、オイルサンド等を軟質化するためのスチームや温水は、天然ガスを熱源として生成されている。
三菱石油 技術資料 ＮＯ．８４，Ｐ７１−８１ 分離技術 第３６巻３号 Ｐ１１−１５ Here, hydrogen for hydrotreating bitumen is generated by steam reforming of natural gas, and steam and hot water for softening oil sand and the like are generated using natural gas as a heat source.
Mitsubishi Oil Technical Data NO. 84, P71-81 Separation Technology Vol.36 No.3 P11-15

しかしながら、重質燃料を改質する際には、熱分解のコーキング処理等により低粘度化する工程や、水素化により軟質化及び脱硫する工程を組み合わせて処理されるため、全体の工程が非常に複雑になるという問題があった。又、重質燃料の改質における水素化処理の水素や、軟質化のためのスチームは、天然ガスを用いるため、コストがかさむと共に、天然ガスのインフラが整備できない地域では、オイルサンドの掘削やビチューメンの改質処理ができないという問題があった。   However, when reforming heavy fuels, the entire process is very difficult because it is processed by combining the steps of reducing viscosity by pyrolysis coking, etc. and softening and desulfurization by hydrogenation. There was a problem of becoming complicated. In addition, hydrogen for hydroprocessing in heavy fuel reforming and steam for softening use natural gas, which is costly and in areas where natural gas infrastructure cannot be established, drilling oil sand There was a problem that bitumen could not be reformed.

本発明は、上記従来の問題点に鑑みてなしたもので、全体の工程を簡素化すると共に、水素化やスチームの熱源のために天然ガスを用いることを不要にする重質燃料の改質方法及びその改質装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and reforms of heavy fuels that simplify the overall process and eliminate the need for using natural gas for hydrogenation and steam heat sources. It is an object to provide a method and a reformer thereof.

本発明は、重質燃料及びエアを流動層反応器に投入して流動層により重質燃料を改質し、改質時に生じたコーク及び／又はピッチを流動層反応器から取り出して燃焼器に導入し、コーク及び／又はピッチを燃焼してスチームを取り出し、該スチームを前記流動層反応器に供給して重質燃料の改質に利用し、改質時に生じた揮発油及び／又はガスから改質ビチューメンを取り出すことを特徴とする重質燃料の改質方法、にかかるものである。   The present invention introduces heavy fuel and air into a fluidized bed reactor, reforms the heavy fuel with the fluidized bed, takes out the coke and / or pitch generated during the reforming from the fluidized bed reactor and puts it in the combustor. Introducing, burning coke and / or pitch to remove steam, supplying the steam to the fluidized bed reactor and using it for heavy fuel reforming, from volatile oil and / or gas generated during reforming The present invention relates to a heavy fuel reforming method characterized by taking out reformed bitumen.

本発明の重質燃料の改質方法において、重質燃料の改質にスチームの顕熱を利用することが好ましい。   In the heavy fuel reforming method of the present invention, it is preferable to use sensible heat of steam for reforming the heavy fuel.

本発明の重質燃料の改質方法明において、脱硫剤を投入して重質燃料の脱硫を行うことが好ましい。   In the heavy fuel reforming method of the present invention, it is preferable to desulfurize the heavy fuel by introducing a desulfurizing agent.

本発明の重質燃料の改質方法において、改質時に生じた揮発油及び／又はガスから炭化水素類のオフガスを取出し、オフガスから水素化処理の水素を生成することが好ましい。   In the heavy fuel reforming method of the present invention, it is preferable to take off-gas of hydrocarbons from the volatile oil and / or gas generated during the reforming, and to generate hydrotreated hydrogen from the off-gas.

本発明の重質燃料の改質方法において、重質燃料が、ビチューメン、ペトロコーク、オイルサンド、オイルシェールであることが好ましい。   In the heavy fuel reforming method of the present invention, the heavy fuel is preferably bitumen, petrocoke, oil sand, or oil shale.

本発明は、重質燃料及びエアを投入して流動層により重質燃料を改質する流動層反応器と、該流動層反応器で改質により生じたコーク及び／又はピッチを移送流路を介して導入する燃焼器と、該燃焼器内でコーク及び／又はピッチを燃焼して取り出したスチームを前記流動層反応器に供給するスチーム供給流路と、前記流動層反応器で改質時に生じた揮発油及び／又はガスから改質ビチューメンを取り出す処理手段とを備えたことを特徴とする重質燃料の改質装置、にかかるものである。   The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor in which heavy fuel and air are introduced to reform the heavy fuel by a fluidized bed, and a coke and / or pitch generated by the reforming in the fluidized bed reactor through a transfer channel. Generated during the reforming in the fluidized bed reactor, a steam supply passage for supplying the fluidized bed reactor with steam extracted by burning the coke and / or pitch in the combustor. And a heavy fuel reforming apparatus comprising a processing means for extracting reformed bitumen from volatile oil and / or gas.

本発明の重質燃料の改質装置において、処理手段は、揮発油及び／又はガスを凝縮する凝縮器と、凝縮した揮発油及び／又はガスから改質ビチューメンを分離する分離器とを備えることが好ましい。   In the heavy fuel reforming apparatus of the present invention, the processing means includes a condenser for condensing the volatile oil and / or gas, and a separator for separating the reformed bitumen from the condensed volatile oil and / or gas. Is preferred.

本発明の重質燃料の改質装置において、流動層反応器に脱硫剤を投入する投入手段を備えることが好ましい。   In the heavy fuel reforming apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable to include charging means for charging a desulfurizing agent into the fluidized bed reactor.

このように、本発明によれば、流動層反応器内で重質燃料からコーク及び／又はピッチを生じ、コーク及び／又はピッチを流動層反応器から燃焼器に導入して燃焼し、燃焼により生じたスチームを流動層反応器に供給して重質燃料を改質し、改質時に生じた揮発油及び／又はガスから改質ビチューメンを取り出すので、重質燃料の改質で必要となるスチームを、重質燃料から生じたコーク及び／又はピッチの燃焼により発生させ、結果的に、重質燃料を改質する工程を簡素化することができる。又、重質燃料をスチームや温水により軟質化する前処理が必要な場合であっても、当該重質燃料を流動層反応器に直接投入して処理し得るので、スチームや温水を加えて軟質化する前処理する工程を不要にし、全体の工程を簡素化することができる。更に、重質燃料の改質で必要となるスチームを、天然ガスを用いることなく、コーク及び／又はピッチにより発生させるため、コストを低減すると共に、天然ガスのインフラが整備できない地域であっても重質燃料を改質することができる。   Thus, according to the present invention, coke and / or pitch is generated from heavy fuel in the fluidized bed reactor, and the coke and / or pitch is introduced from the fluidized bed reactor into the combustor and burned. The generated steam is supplied to the fluidized bed reactor to reform the heavy fuel, and the reformed bitumen is taken out from the volatile oil and / or gas generated at the time of reforming. Can be generated by combustion of coke and / or pitch generated from heavy fuel, and as a result, the process of reforming heavy fuel can be simplified. In addition, even when pretreatment for softening heavy fuel with steam or hot water is required, the heavy fuel can be processed by directly feeding it into the fluidized bed reactor. Therefore, it is possible to simplify the entire process by eliminating the need for a pre-processing step. Furthermore, since steam required for heavy fuel reforming is generated by coke and / or pitch without using natural gas, even in areas where natural gas infrastructure cannot be established while reducing costs. Heavy fuel can be reformed.

本発明において、脱硫剤を投入して重質燃料の脱硫を行うと、流動層反応器で重質燃料の改質と脱硫とを同時に行い得るので、脱硫のための別の工程を不要にし、全体の工程を簡素化することができる。   In the present invention, when desulfurization of heavy fuel is performed by introducing a desulfurizing agent, since reforming and desulfurization of heavy fuel can be performed simultaneously in a fluidized bed reactor, a separate process for desulfurization is unnecessary, The entire process can be simplified.

本発明において、改質時に生じた揮発油及び／又はガスから炭化水素類のオフガスを取出し、オフガスから水素化処理の水素を生成すると、重質燃料の水素化処理に必要な水素を、天然ガスを用いることなく発生させるので、コストを低減すると共に、天然ガスのインフラが整備できない地域であっても重質燃料を改質することができる。   In the present invention, when hydrocarbons off-gas is taken out of volatile oil and / or gas generated during reforming and hydrogen for hydrogenation treatment is generated from the off-gas, the hydrogen required for heavy fuel hydrotreatment is converted to natural gas. Therefore, heavy fuel can be reformed even in an area where natural gas infrastructure cannot be established.

本発明の重質燃料の改質方法及びその改質装置によれば、重質燃料を改質する工程を簡素化すると共に、水素化やスチームの熱源のための天然ガスを不要にすることができる等の優れた効果を奏し得る。   According to the heavy fuel reforming method and reformer of the present invention, it is possible to simplify the process of reforming the heavy fuel and eliminate the need for natural gas for the hydrogenation or steam heat source. It can produce excellent effects such as being able to.

以下、本発明の実施例を添付図面を参照して説明する。
図１は本発明の重質燃料の改質方法及びその改質装置を実施する形態例である。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the heavy fuel reforming method and reformer of the present invention are implemented.

重質燃料の改質装置は、砂等の流動媒体を加熱して３００℃から９００℃の気泡の流動層を生じる流動層反応器１が備えられており、流動層反応器１の中途部には、外部からビチューメン、ペトロコーク、オイルサンド、オイルシェール等の重質燃料や、ＣａＯやＣａＣＯ３等の脱硫剤を投入し得るスクリューポンプ等の投入手段２が備えられている。流動層反応器１の底部には、風箱３を配置して流動用エア流路のエア管４が接続され、エア管４から供給されるエアを下部の風箱３から吹き出すようになっている。 The heavy fuel reforming apparatus includes a fluidized bed reactor 1 that heats a fluid medium such as sand to generate a fluidized bed of bubbles of 300 ° C. to 900 ° C. In the middle of the fluidized bed reactor 1. Is provided with a charging means 2 such as a screw pump capable of charging a heavy fuel such as bitumen, petrocoke, oil sand, oil shale and the like, and a desulfurizing agent such as CaO and CaCO 3 from the outside. A wind box 3 is arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor 1 and an air pipe 4 of a flow air flow path is connected to blow out air supplied from the air pipe 4 from the lower wind box 3. Yes.

又、流動層反応器１には、移送流路の移送管５を介して燃焼器６が備えられており、燃焼器６には、流動層反応器１から砂等の流動媒体が移送されるようになっている。燃焼器６の底部には、風箱７を配置してエア流路のエア管８が接続され、エア管８から供給されるエアを下部の風箱７から吹き出すようになっている。燃焼器６の上部には燃焼ガスを排出する排出流路の第一排出管９が備えられると共に、燃焼器６の中途位置には砂等の流動媒体を排出する排出流路の第二排出管１０を備えられている。ここで第一排出管９には、排ガスをガス分と灰分とに分離するサイクロン１１が配置されており、サイクロン１１は、ガス分を分離してエア管４へ戻すと共に、残りの灰分を外部へ排出するようになっている。   Further, the fluidized bed reactor 1 is provided with a combustor 6 via a transfer pipe 5 of a transfer channel, and a fluid medium such as sand is transferred from the fluidized bed reactor 1 to the combustor 6. It is like that. A wind box 7 is disposed at the bottom of the combustor 6 and an air pipe 8 of an air flow path is connected to blow out air supplied from the air pipe 8 from the lower wind box 7. A first discharge pipe 9 for a discharge flow path for discharging combustion gas is provided at the upper part of the combustor 6, and a second discharge pipe for a discharge flow path for discharging a fluid medium such as sand is provided in the middle of the combustor 6. 10 is provided. Here, the first discharge pipe 9 is provided with a cyclone 11 for separating the exhaust gas into a gas component and an ash component, and the cyclone 11 separates the gas component and returns it to the air tube 4, and removes the remaining ash component from the outside. To be discharged.

更に、流動層反応器１の上部には、導出流路の導出管１２を介して処理手段の凝縮器１３が備えられており、凝縮器１３の下部には連絡流路の連絡管１４を介して処理手段の分離器１５が備えられている。又、分離器１５には、内部で分離したガス分を排気するガス排気流路のガス管１６と、比重分の軽い分離液を送給する第一分離流路の第一送給管１７と、比重分の重い分離液を送給する第二分離流路の第二送給管１８とが備えられている。ここで、凝縮器１３は、温度を下げてガス等を凝縮する構成を備えると共に、分離器１５は、比重により分離する構成を備えている。   Furthermore, a condenser 13 as a processing means is provided at the upper part of the fluidized bed reactor 1 via a lead-out pipe 12 for the lead-out flow path, and a lower part of the condenser 13 via a communication pipe 14 as a communication flow path. The separator 15 of the processing means is provided. The separator 15 includes a gas pipe 16 for a gas exhaust passage for exhausting a gas component separated inside, and a first feed pipe 17 for a first separation passage for feeding a light separation liquid having a specific gravity. And a second feed pipe 18 of a second separation flow path for feeding a separation liquid having a heavy specific gravity. Here, the condenser 13 has a configuration for condensing gas and the like by lowering the temperature, and the separator 15 has a configuration for separating by specific gravity.

一方、流動層反応器１の風箱３には、ポンプ１９から凝縮器１３の熱交換部１３ａ及び燃焼器６の熱交換部６ａを介して延在するスチーム供給流路のスチーム配管２０が接続されており、スチーム配管２０は、ポンプ１９の駆動により送給された水を、熱交換部１３ａ，６ａで加熱してスチームにし、流動層反応器１にスチームを供給するようになっている。   On the other hand, the steam box 20 of the steam supply passage extending from the pump 19 through the heat exchange part 13a of the condenser 13 and the heat exchange part 6a of the combustor 6 is connected to the wind box 3 of the fluidized bed reactor 1. The steam pipe 20 is configured such that the water fed by driving the pump 19 is heated by the heat exchanging units 13 a and 6 a to form steam, and the steam is supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 1.

以下本発明を実施する形態例の作用を説明する。   The operation of the embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described below.

本発明の重質燃料の改質方法において、重質燃料を改質する際には、最初に、ビチューメン、ペトロコーク、オイルサンド、オイルシェールの重質燃料を、投入手段２により流動層反応器１に投入すると共に、ＣａＯやＣａＣＯ３等の脱硫剤を、投入手段２により流動層反応器１に投入する。 In the heavy fuel reforming method of the present invention, when reforming the heavy fuel, first, the heavy fuel such as bitumen, petrocoke, oil sand, and oil shale is supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 1 by the charging means 2. And a desulfurizing agent such as CaO or CaCO 3 is charged into the fluidized bed reactor 1 by the charging means 2.

ここで、流動層反応器１は、エア管４より風箱３を介してエア等が供給されると共に、スチーム配管２０より風箱３を介してスチームが供給され、内部に、スチームの顕熱等により３００〜９００℃の気泡の流動層を形成している。又、流動層を形成する流動媒体は、ビチューメンやペトロコークに含まれる不純固形分や、オイルサンドやオイルシェールの砂分で構成されている。なお、流動媒体は、適宜、外部から砂を追加して調整するようにしても良い。   Here, the fluidized bed reactor 1 is supplied with air or the like from the air pipe 4 via the wind box 3, and steam is supplied from the steam pipe 20 via the wind box 3, and sensible heat of steam is contained inside. For example, a fluidized bed of bubbles of 300 to 900 ° C. is formed. The fluidized medium forming the fluidized bed is composed of impure solids contained in bitumen and petrocoke, and oil sands and oil shale sands. In addition, you may make it adjust a fluid medium by adding sand from the outside suitably.

次に、流動層反応器１の流動層内では、重質燃料を、スチーム、エア等により改質反応（吸熱反応）を介して改質すると共に、脱硫剤により脱硫反応を介して脱硫し、揮発油及び／又はガスを発生させると同時に、コーク及び／又はピッチを発生させる。ここで、重質燃料の改質は吸熱反応で行われており、重質燃料の軟質化は、改質剤及びエアの発熱やスチームの顕熱により生じている。   Next, in the fluidized bed of the fluidized bed reactor 1, the heavy fuel is reformed through a reforming reaction (endothermic reaction) with steam, air, etc., and desulfurized with a desulfurizing agent through a desulfurization reaction, Coke and / or pitch are generated at the same time as generating volatile oil and / or gas. Here, the reforming of the heavy fuel is performed by an endothermic reaction, and the softening of the heavy fuel is caused by heat generation of the reformer and air and sensible heat of steam.

続いて、流動層反応器１で発生したコーク及び／又はピッチを、流動層反応器１から、流動媒体に含まれた状態で移送管５より取り出し、燃焼器６に移送してエアと共に燃焼する。この時、スチーム配管２０の水は、燃焼器６の熱交換部６ａで加熱されてスチームとなり、改質剤及び顕熱（熱源）として流動層反応器１に供給され、改質反応（吸熱反応）に用いられる。又、燃焼器６で排出された排ガスのうちガス分は、エア管４に戻されて流動層反応器１の改質反応（吸熱反応）の熱源として利用される。ここで、重質燃料に含まれる硫黄分は、流動層反応器１で熱分解によりコーキングされ且つ脱硫剤により回収された後に、流動媒体と共にＣａＳとして燃焼器６に移送され、最終的に燃焼器６で酸化された後、砂の流動媒体と共にＣａＳＯ４として回収される。又、流動層反応器１から取り出される流動媒体は、定期的に取り出されるものであるが、適宜取り出すようにしても良い。 Subsequently, the coke and / or pitch generated in the fluidized bed reactor 1 is taken out of the fluidized bed reactor 1 from the transfer pipe 5 while being contained in the fluidized medium, transferred to the combustor 6 and burned with air. . At this time, the water in the steam pipe 20 is heated by the heat exchanging portion 6a of the combustor 6 to become steam, and is supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 1 as a modifier and sensible heat (heat source) to be reformed (endothermic reaction). ). Further, the gas component of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 6 is returned to the air pipe 4 and used as a heat source for the reforming reaction (endothermic reaction) of the fluidized bed reactor 1. Here, the sulfur content contained in the heavy fuel is coked by pyrolysis in the fluidized bed reactor 1 and recovered by the desulfurizing agent, and then transferred to the combustor 6 as CaS together with the fluidized medium, and finally the combustor. After being oxidized at 6, it is recovered as CaSO 4 together with the sand fluid medium. Moreover, although the fluid medium taken out from the fluidized bed reactor 1 is taken out periodically, it may be taken out as appropriate.

同時に、流動層反応器１で発生した揮発油及び／又はガスを、流動層反応器１から導出管１２を介して取り出し、凝縮器１３に移送して凝縮する。続いて、凝縮器１３で凝縮された揮発油等を、連絡管１４を介して分離器１５に送給し、炭化水素類のオフガス、改質ビチューメン、重質化したビチューメンに分離する。   At the same time, the volatile oil and / or gas generated in the fluidized bed reactor 1 is taken out from the fluidized bed reactor 1 through the outlet pipe 12 and transferred to the condenser 13 for condensation. Subsequently, the volatile oil condensed in the condenser 13 is supplied to the separator 15 through the communication pipe 14 and separated into hydrocarbon off-gas, reformed bitumen, and heavy bitumen.

分離された改質ビチューメンは、第一送給管１７を介して取り出され、改質燃料油等として利用先に供給されると共に、重質化したビチューメンは、第二送給管１８を介して取り出され、更に適宜処理して利用先に供給される。又、オフガスは、分離器１５からガス管１６を介して排気され、他の反応等により水素が取り出され、重質燃料の水素化処理に適用される。ここで、水素化処理は、流動層反応器１で行うようにすることが好ましいが、他の工程で行うようにしても良い。   The separated reformed bitumen is taken out via the first feed pipe 17 and supplied to the user as reformed fuel oil or the like, and the heavier bitumen is fed via the second feed pipe 18. It is taken out, further processed as appropriate, and supplied to the user. Further, the off-gas is exhausted from the separator 15 through the gas pipe 16, and hydrogen is taken out by another reaction or the like, and is applied to heavy fuel hydrogenation. Here, the hydrogenation treatment is preferably performed in the fluidized bed reactor 1, but may be performed in other steps.

而して、このような重質燃料の改質方法及びその改質装置によれば、流動層反応器１内で重質燃料からコーク及び／又はピッチを生じ、コーク及び／又はピッチを流動層反応器１から燃焼器６に導入して燃焼し、燃焼により生じたスチームを流動層反応器１に供給して重質燃料を改質し、改質時に生じた揮発油及び／又はガスから改質ビチューメンを取り出すので、重質燃料の改質で必要となるスチームを、重質燃料から生じたコーク及び／又はピッチの燃焼より発生させ、結果的に、重質燃料を改質する工程を簡素化することができる。   Thus, according to such a heavy fuel reforming method and reformer, coke and / or pitch is generated from the heavy fuel in the fluidized bed reactor 1, and the coke and / or pitch is converted into a fluidized bed. It is introduced from the reactor 1 into the combustor 6 and combusted, and the steam generated by the combustion is supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 1 to reform the heavy fuel, and the volatile oil and / or gas generated during the reforming is modified. Since the quality bitumen is taken out, the steam required for reforming heavy fuel is generated from the combustion of coke and / or pitch generated from heavy fuel, and as a result, the process of reforming heavy fuel is simplified. Can be

又、重質燃料をスチームや温水により軟質化する前処理が必要な場合であっても、当該重質燃料を流動層反応器１に直接投入して処理し得るので、スチームや温水を加えて軟質化する前処理する工程を不要にし、全体の工程を簡素化することができる。更に、重質燃料の改質で必要となるスチームを、天然ガスを用いることなく、コーク及び／又はピッチにより発生させるため、コストを低減すると共に、天然ガスのインフラが整備できない地域であっても重質燃料を改質することができる。   Even when pretreatment for softening heavy fuel with steam or hot water is necessary, the heavy fuel can be directly fed into the fluidized bed reactor 1 for treatment. It is possible to eliminate the pretreatment process for softening and simplify the entire process. Furthermore, since steam required for heavy fuel reforming is generated by coke and / or pitch without using natural gas, even in areas where natural gas infrastructure cannot be established while reducing costs. Heavy fuel can be reformed.

更に又、流動層反応器１に、スチーム等の改質剤や脱硫剤等を投入すると共に、気泡の流動層を用いて重質燃料を処理するので、重質燃料に対する軟質化、脱硫化、水素化の工程を１段の工程で実施することができる。   Furthermore, since a reforming agent such as steam, a desulfurizing agent, or the like is added to the fluidized bed reactor 1 and the heavy fuel is processed using the fluidized bed of bubbles, softening, desulfurization, The hydrogenation process can be carried out in a single stage.

実施の形態例において、重質燃料の改質にスチームの顕熱を利用すると、流動層反応器１の流動層を好適に形成するので、重質燃料を適切に改質することができる。   In the embodiment, when the sensible heat of steam is used for reforming the heavy fuel, the fluidized bed of the fluidized bed reactor 1 is suitably formed, so that the heavy fuel can be reformed appropriately.

実施の形態例において、投入手段２により脱硫剤を投入して重質燃料の脱硫を行うと、流動層反応器１で重質燃料の改質と脱硫とを同時に行い得るので、脱硫のための別の工程を不要にし、全体の工程を簡素化することができる。   In the embodiment, when desulfurization of heavy fuel is performed by introducing the desulfurizing agent by the charging means 2, the reforming and desulfurization of the heavy fuel can be performed simultaneously in the fluidized bed reactor 1, so that A separate process is unnecessary, and the entire process can be simplified.

実施の形態例において、改質時に生じた揮発油及び／又はガスから炭化水素類のオフガスを取出し、オフガスから水素化処理の水素を生成すると、重質燃料の水素化処理に必要な水素を、天然ガスを用いることなく発生させるので、コストを低減すると共に、天然ガスのインフラが整備できない地域であっても重質燃料を改質することができる。   In the embodiment, when hydrocarbons off-gas is taken out from the volatile oil and / or gas generated during reforming, and hydrogen is generated from the off-gas, hydrogen necessary for the heavy fuel hydro-treatment is obtained. Since it is generated without using natural gas, the cost can be reduced and heavy fuel can be reformed even in areas where natural gas infrastructure cannot be established.

実施の形態例において、重質燃料が、ビチューメン、ペトロコーク、オイルサンド、オイルシェールであると、流動層反応器１により軟質化、水素化、脱硫化の工程を１段の工程で容易に実施し得るので、全体の工程を極めて簡素化することができる。   In the embodiment, when the heavy fuel is bitumen, petrocoke, oil sand, or oil shale, the fluidized bed reactor 1 can easily perform the softening, hydrogenation, and desulfurization processes in a single stage. Thus, the entire process can be greatly simplified.

実施の形態例において、処理手段は、揮発油及び／又はガスを凝縮する凝縮器１３と、凝縮器１３で凝縮した揮発油及び／又はガスから改質ビチューメンを分離する分離器１５とを備えると、流動層反応器１で生じた揮発油及び／又はガスを好適に処理して、オフガス、改質ビチューメン等を得るので、重質燃料を適切に改質することができる。   In the embodiment, the processing means includes a condenser 13 that condenses the volatile oil and / or gas, and a separator 15 that separates the reformed bitumen from the volatile oil and / or gas condensed in the condenser 13. Since the volatile oil and / or gas generated in the fluidized bed reactor 1 is appropriately processed to obtain off-gas, reformed bitumen, and the like, the heavy fuel can be appropriately reformed.

尚、本発明の重質燃料の改質方法及びその改質装置は、上述の形態例にのみ限定されるものではなく、重質燃料は、ビチューメン、ペトロコーク、オイルサンド、オイルシェールに限定されるものでなく、重質な燃料ならば特に限定されるものではないこと、その他、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。   The heavy fuel reforming method and the reforming apparatus thereof according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments. Heavy fuel is limited to bitumen, petrocoke, oil sand, and oil shale. Of course, the fuel is not particularly limited as long as it is a heavy fuel, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

本発明の実施例を示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows the Example of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 流動層反応器
２ 投入手段
６ 燃焼器
１３ 凝縮器
１５ 分離器
２０ スチーム配管（スチーム供給流路） DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fluidized bed reactor 2 Input means 6 Combustor 13 Condenser 15 Separator 20 Steam piping (steam supply flow path)

Claims (8)

重質燃料及びエアを流動層反応器に投入して流動層により重質燃料を改質し、改質時に生じたコーク及び／又はピッチを流動層反応器から取り出して燃焼器に導入し、コーク及び／又はピッチを燃焼してスチームを取り出し、該スチームを前記流動層反応器に供給して重質燃料の改質に利用し、改質時に生じた揮発油及び／又はガスから改質ビチューメンを取り出すことを特徴とする重質燃料の改質方法。   Heavy fuel and air are introduced into the fluidized bed reactor to reform the heavy fuel in the fluidized bed, and the coke and / or pitch generated during the reforming is taken out from the fluidized bed reactor and introduced into the combustor. And / or burning the pitch to remove steam, supplying the steam to the fluidized bed reactor and utilizing it for reforming heavy fuel, and reforming bitumen from volatile oil and / or gas generated during reforming. A method for reforming heavy fuel, characterized in that it is removed. 重質燃料の改質にスチームの顕熱を利用する請求項１に記載の重質燃料の改質方法。   The heavy fuel reforming method according to claim 1, wherein sensible heat of steam is used for reforming the heavy fuel. 脱硫剤を投入して重質燃料の脱硫を行う請求項１又は２に記載の重質燃料の改質方法。   The heavy fuel reforming method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a desulfurizing agent is added to desulfurize the heavy fuel. 改質時に生じた揮発油及び／又はガスから炭化水素類のオフガスを取り出し、オフガスから水素化処理の水素を生成する請求項１〜３のいずれか１つに記載の重質燃料の改質方法。   The heavy fuel reforming method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein off-gas of hydrocarbons is taken out from volatile oil and / or gas generated during reforming, and hydrogen for hydrogenation treatment is generated from the off-gas. . 重質燃料が、ビチューメン、ペトロコーク、オイルサンド、オイルシェールである請求項１〜４のいずれか１つに記載の重質燃料の改質方法。   The heavy fuel reforming method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heavy fuel is bitumen, petrocoke, oil sand, or oil shale. 重質燃料及びエアを投入して流動層により重質燃料を改質する流動層反応器と、該流動層反応器で改質により生じたコーク及び／又はピッチを移送流路を介して導入する燃焼器と、該燃焼器内でコーク及び／又はピッチを燃焼して取り出したスチームを前記流動層反応器に供給するスチーム供給流路と、前記流動層反応器で改質時に生じた揮発油及び／又はガスから改質ビチューメンを取り出す処理手段とを備えたことを特徴とする重質燃料の改質装置。   A fluidized bed reactor for introducing heavy fuel and air and reforming the heavy fuel by the fluidized bed, and coke and / or pitch generated by the reforming in the fluidized bed reactor are introduced through the transfer channel. A combustor, a steam supply passage for supplying steam, which is obtained by burning coke and / or pitch in the combustor, to the fluidized bed reactor, volatile oil produced during reforming in the fluidized bed reactor, and A heavy fuel reforming apparatus comprising: processing means for extracting reformed bitumen from gas. 処理手段は、揮発油及び／又はガスを凝縮する凝縮器と、凝縮した揮発油及び／又はガスから改質ビチューメンを分離する分離器とを備えた請求項６に記載の重質燃料の改質装置。   The heavy fuel reforming according to claim 6, wherein the processing means comprises a condenser for condensing volatile oil and / or gas, and a separator for separating reformed bitumen from the condensed volatile oil and / or gas. apparatus. 流動層反応器に脱硫剤を投入する投入手段を備えた請求項６又は７に記載の重質燃料の改質装置。   The heavy fuel reforming apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising charging means for charging a desulfurizing agent into the fluidized bed reactor.
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