JP2008502726A - キレートモノアミドの親油性誘導体 - Google Patents
キレートモノアミドの親油性誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008502726A JP2008502726A JP2007527646A JP2007527646A JP2008502726A JP 2008502726 A JP2008502726 A JP 2008502726A JP 2007527646 A JP2007527646 A JP 2007527646A JP 2007527646 A JP2007527646 A JP 2007527646A JP 2008502726 A JP2008502726 A JP 2008502726A
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- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002356 laser light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- YIWBTMSJUIDWBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-[(3-imino-3-methoxypropyl)disulfanyl]propanimidate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=N)CCSSCCC(=N)OC YIWBTMSJUIDWBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWCZIOOZPIDHAB-UHFFFAOYSA-L methyl green Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[N+](C)(C)C)=C1C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C1 DWCZIOOZPIDHAB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002780 morpholines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000842 neuromuscular blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011587 new zealand white rabbit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009871 nonspecific binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNJOQKFENDDGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BNJOQKFENDDGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010502 orange oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950011087 perflunafene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UWEYRJFJVCLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorodecalin Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C2(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C21F UWEYRJFJVCLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNGREZUHAYWORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SNGREZUHAYWORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N phosphatidylcholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004713 phosphodiesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002186 photoactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000683 possible toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002287 radioligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012066 reaction slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XREMTGLZTIREIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diaminoheptanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C(N)CCCCCN XREMTGLZTIREIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVZPDKXEHIRFPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-(6-aminohexyl)carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCCCCCCN RVZPDKXEHIRFPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Chemical compound C1N(S2(=O)=O)CN3S(=O)(=O)N1CN2C3 AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATGUDZODTABURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiolan-2-ylideneazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.N=C1CCCS1 ATGUDZODTABURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical class CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclene Chemical class C12CC3CC2C1(C)C3(C)C RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical class CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-SCYLSFHTSA-N yohimbine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCN3C[C@@H]4CC[C@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H]4C[C@H]33)C(=O)OC)=C3NC2=C1 BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-SCYLSFHTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000317 yohimbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AADVZSXPNRLYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N yohimbine carboxylic acid Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CCN3CC4CCC(C(C4CC33)C(O)=O)O)=C3NC2=C1 AADVZSXPNRLYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
- A61K49/10—Organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
- A61K49/085—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier conjugated systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/18—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes
- A61K49/1806—Suspensions, emulsions, colloids, dispersions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07F9/5537—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom the heteroring containing the structure -C(=O)-N-C(=O)- (both carbon atoms belong to the heteroring)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6524—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having four or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6558—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system
- C07F9/65583—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system each of the hetero rings containing nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は診断用組成物、それらの使用法、およびそれらの調製法に関する。なお、本出願は2004年6月9日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/578,474号、および2004年8月27日出願の第60/605,180号からの優先権の恩典を主張し、これらはそれぞれ参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
磁気共鳴撮像法(magnetic resonance imaging)において有用な金属イオンを捕捉するための様々なタイプのキレート化剤の使用は周知である。一般に、キレート化剤は多数の非共有電子対または負に荷電している、もしくは負に荷電している可能性がある種を含む。おそらく、その中で最も単純なのは、硬水軟化剤としてよく用いられるエチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)である。他のキレート化剤はジエチレントリアミン五酢酸(DTPA)、テトラアザシクロドデカン四酢酸(DOTA)、およびそれらの誘導体である。他の物質がそれらと会合しうるよう、これらのキレート化剤を別の部分に結合するために、基礎となるキレート核が誘導体化されている。例えば、米国特許第6,221,334号は葉酸受容体結合リガンドのDOTA型キレートへのカップリングを記載している。
本発明は、診断用組成物、それらの使用法、およびそれらの調製法を提供する。
式中、Ch'は少なくとも4つの窒素原子および(n-1)のカルボキシル基を含むキレート化剤の残基であり、ここでnはキレート化部分の窒素原子の数であり;
WはOまたはSであり;
XはNR1、S、またはOであり;
M+は対イオンであり;
R1はそれぞれHまたはアルキル(1-4C)であり;
R2はそれぞれ、少なくとも10Cを含む置換されていてもよい飽和または不飽和ヒドロカルビル基であり;
スペーサー1は、ヘテロ原子、アリール、ペプチド、またはポリアルキレングリコールを任意で含むC1-10アルキルを含み;
スペーサー2は、ヘテロ原子を任意で含むC1-10アルキルを含む。
CH'(CH2)CONR1(スペーサー1)NR1H (2)
を、CO2、ホスゲン、もしくはホスゲン等価物、またはCS2、チオホスゲン、もしくはチオホスゲン等価物、および下記式の化合物
に接触させる段階を含む、式(1)の化合物の調製法を提供する:
式中、Ch'、X、R1、R2、スペーサー1、およびスペーサー2は請求項1で定義したとおりである。
一般に、本発明は、常磁性金属イオンまたは放射性核種を含むこれらの化合物を含む、式(1)、(1A)、および(1B)の化合物を目的とする。
CH'(CH2)CONR1(スペーサー1)NR1H (2)
から、CO2、ホスゲンもしくはホスゲン等価物、またはCS2、チオホスゲンもしくはチオホスゲン等価物、および下記式の化合物と共に合成する:
式中、Ch'、X、スペーサー1、スペーサー2、R1、およびR2は前述の定義のとおりである。
ここでCh'およびR1は前述の定義のとおりであり;
Yはそれぞれ適当な脱離基であり;
Pは適当な窒素保護基であり;かつ
Aは適当なアルキルまたはアラルキル基である。
磁気共鳴撮像法において用いる場合、本発明の組成物は典型的にキレート化構造内に常磁性イオンを含む。そのような適用において、スペーサーを含むことは特に有利である。
特定の態様において、本発明の化合物は、常磁性イオンまたは放射性核種イオンキレートが粒子または媒体の一部を構成する脂質から解離することができるような、切断可能スペーサー1を含んでいてもよい。キレートを排出を促進するための親水性状態で放出することにより、排出を強化することが望ましいと考えられる。加えて、スペーサー1は、例えば、光活性化によって外部から活性化されるか、または細胞もしくは血流中にある酵素が持続的に接近する、一つまたは複数の切断部位を含んでいてもよい。前者の例には、当技術分野において知られているとおり、光活性化される、または超音波によって切断される特定の結合が含まれる。撮像または治療が完了した後、ナノ粒子に切断を行うのに適した電磁エネルギーまたは超音波をかける。第二の場合、スペーサーは、循環しているプロテアーゼによる切断に感受性のアミノ酸配列を含むペプチドであるか、もしくはそのようなペプチドを含んでいてもよく、またはそれ自体がそのような切断に感受性の多糖を含んでいてもよい。そのような切断部位のいかなる組み合わせを含んでいてもよい。スペーサーまたは連結鎖の切断に対する感受性が、排出を強化し、常磁性イオンの潜在毒性を低減する。
本発明の組成物の正確な調製法は変動的で、粒状媒体の性質に依存する。しかし、一般に、親油性粒子表面は式(1)、(1A)および(1B)を有する化合物の親油性R2基と結合する。一つの特定の態様において、方法はナノ粒子のコアを形成する液体過フッ化炭化水素化合物およびその粒子の脂質/界面活性剤コーティングの成分を水性懸濁液中で混合する段階と、マイクロ流体化する段階と、望まれる場合には、粒子を回収し、分粒する段階とを含む。結合する成分は、脂質/界面活性剤コーティングの成分との結合により元の混合物中に含まれていてもよく、または粒子形成後に追加の部分への結合を行うこともできる。
本発明の乳剤を調製し、本発明の方法において直接用いてもよく、または乳剤の成分をキットの形で供給してもよい。キットは所望の補助材料すべてを緩衝液中または凍結乾燥した形で含む、あらかじめ調製した標的化組成物を含んでいてもよい。または、キットは式(1)、(1A)および(1B)のいずれかの化合物ならびに/またはターゲティング物質を含まない乳剤の形を含んでいてもよく、これらはそれぞれ別々に供給される。ターゲティング物質が直接結合される場合、乳剤はマレイミドなどの反応性基を含むことになり、この基は乳剤をターゲティング物質と混合したときにターゲティング物質の乳剤自体への結合を行う。結合を行う際に有用な追加の試薬を別の容器から提供してもよい。または、乳剤は、別に供給される所望の成分(これ自体が反応性基を含む)に結合したリンカーに結合する反応性基を含んでいてもよい。適当なキットを構成する様々なアプローチを構想することができる。したがって、最終の乳剤を作り上げる個々の成分を別々の容器で供給してもよく、またはキットは単にキット自体とは別に提供される他の材料と組み合わせるための試薬を含んでいてもよい。
乳剤およびそれらの調製用キットは、組織の撮像および治療薬の提供を含む本発明の方法において有用である。
ナノ粒子調製
常磁性ナノ粒子を、Lanza, G, et al., Circulation (1996) 94:3334-3340によって記載された方法の変法において調製した。簡単に言うと、乳剤は40%(v/v)臭化パーフルオロオクチル(PFOB;MMM, St. Paul, MN)、2%(w/v)ベニバナ油、2%(w/v)界面活性剤共混合物(co-mixture)、1.7%(w/v)グリセリンおよび残分としての水を含んでいた。界面活性剤共混合物は63モル%レシチン(Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL)、15モル%コレステロール(Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO)、2モル%ジパルミトイル-ホスファチジルエタノールアミン(Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL)、および20モル%常磁性親油性キレート(例えば、DOTAおよびDOTA誘導体)を含んでいた。界面活性剤成分をクロロホルムに溶解し、減圧下で蒸発させ、50℃の減圧乾燥器内で終夜乾燥し、水中に超音波処理により分散させた。懸濁液を混合機中でPFOB、ベニバナ油および蒸留脱イオン水と共に30から60秒間予備乳化し、次いでM110S Microfluidics乳化機(Microfluidics, Newton, MA)中、20,000PSIで4分間乳化した。完了した調合物を圧着密封したバイアルに入れ、ブランケットとして窒素を充填した。粒径を37℃でレーザー光散乱サブミクロン粒径測定器(Malvern Instruments, Malvern, Worcestershire, UK)を用いて測定した。
アミドGdリガンドの合成
スキーム1はガドリニウムのリガンドを含むアミドを調製するための合成スキームを例示している。スキーム1に示すとおり、適当な一保護ジアミン1(すなわち、1-(t-ブトキシカルボニルアミノ)-6-アミノヘキサン)をα-ハロアセチルハライド2と、塩基(すなわち、i-Pr2NEt)存在下で反応させて、α-ハロアミド3を得る。α-ハロアミドを塩基(すなわち、i-Pr2NEt)存在下、大環状テトラミン4(すなわち、1,4,7,10-テトラアザシクロドデカン)により求核置換して、一官能性大環状化合物5を得る。大環状化合物に残っている窒素を適当な塩基(すなわち、i-Pr2NEt)存在下、α-ハロ-ベンジルアセテート6でさらにアルキル化して、四官能性誘導体7を得る。t-ブトキシカルボニル基を適当な酸(すなわち、トリフルオロ酢酸)で除去し、中和後にアミン8を得る。
ガドリニウムイオンの導入
式(1)の化合物の調製前もしくは調製中にDOTAを初めにメタル化するか、または合成後にメタル化することにより、ガドリニウムイオンをキレートに導入することができる。
乳剤の調製
式(1)の複合体を調製Aで調製したナノ粒子に結合する。各粒子はおよそ33,000のGd3+キレートを含むことになる。
を、ニートのブロモ酢酸ベンジル(16.6mL;104.8mmol)を一度に加えて処理した。わずかに発熱して、ただちに温度が32℃まで上がった。得られたスラリーを窒素雰囲気下、周囲温度で撹拌した。3時間後、一定量(2滴)を0.05%のギ酸を含む50%アセトニトリル水溶液(10mL)中で希釈した。LC/MSにより主要成分としての所望の生成物プラスDMF、未反応のブロモ酢酸ベンジル、および不明のものが示された。出発原料のモノアルキル化サイクレンまたはいかなる関連中間体の形跡もなかった。周囲温度で3.5時間後、スラリーを5%NaCl水溶液(600mL)と混合し、酢酸エチル(600mL×2)で抽出した。合わせた酢酸エチル層を5%食塩水(600mL×3)で洗浄し、Na2SO4で乾燥し、濾過し、25〜40℃のロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮して、琥珀色の油状物を得た;29.4g。琥珀色油状物を50℃、0.2〜0.4torrのクーゲルロールで30分間蒸発させ、わずかに重量が減少した;26.85g。
常磁性ナノ粒子をFlacke, S., et al., Circulation (2001) 104:1280-1285に記載のとおりに調製する。簡単に言えば、ナノ粒子乳剤は40%(v/v)臭化パーフルオロオクチル(PFOB)、2%(w/v)界面活性剤共混合物、1.7%(w/v)グリセリンおよび残分としての水からなる。
雄のニュージーランドホワイトウサギ(〜2.0kg)を筋肉内ケタミンおよびキシラジン(それぞれ65および13mg/kg)で麻酔する。各動物の左後肢を剃毛し、滅菌調製し、Marcaine(商標)で局所浸潤した後、膝窩上に小さい切開を行う。供与動物から新しく得た、2×2×2mm3のVx-2癌腫断片を、約0.5cmの深さに移植する。解剖学的面を再度接合し、一本の吸収性縫合糸で固定する。最後に、皮膚の切開部をDermabond皮膚接着剤で閉鎖する。腫瘍移植術の後、キシラジンの効果をヨヒンビンで戻し、動物を回復させる。
1)腫瘍標的化常磁性ナノ粒子(腫瘍標的化、n=4)、
2)非標的化常磁性ナノ粒子(すなわち、対照群、n=4)、または
3)腫瘍標的化非常磁性ナノ粒子と、続いて腫瘍標的化常磁性ナノ粒子(すなわち、競合群、n=4)。
腫瘍移植の12日後、動物に1.5テスラの臨床スキャナ(NT Intera with Master Gradients, Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands)でMRIスキャンを行う。各動物をクワドラチャ頭頸部鳥かご型コイル内に置き、直径11cmの円形表面コイルを腫瘍近傍の後肢に対するように設置する。すべての高周波伝送にはクワドラチャ体幹部コイルを用い;スカウト撮像中の検出には鳥かご型コイルを用い;高分解能撮像中の検出には表面コイルを用いる。ガドリニウムジエチレントリアミン五酢酸(Gd-DTPA)を添加した水を充填した10mlシリンジを高分解能視野(FOV)内に置き、シグナル強度標準とする。
Claims (29)
- 生理的条件下で水に溶解した場合、負に荷電する、下記式の化合物:
式中、Ch'は少なくとも4つの窒素原子および(n-1)のカルボキシル基を含むキレート化剤の残基であり、ここでnはキレート化部分の窒素原子の数であり;
WはOまたはSであり;
XはNR1、S、またはOであり;
M+は対イオンであり;
R1はそれぞれHまたはアルキル(1-4C)であり;
R2はそれぞれ独立に、少なくとも10Cを含む置換されていてもよい飽和または不飽和ヒドロカルビル基であり;
スペーサー1は、ヘテロ原子、アリール、ペプチド、またはポリアルキレングリコールを任意で含むC1-10アルキルを含み;
スペーサー2は、ヘテロ原子を任意で含むC1-10アルキルを含む。 - スペーサー1がエチレン、テトラメチレン、ヘキサメチレン、またはp-フェニレンである、請求項1記載の化合物。
- スペーサー1がヘキサメチレンである、請求項3記載の化合物。
- Ch'が、1,4,7,10-テトラ-アザシクロドデカン-N,N',N'',N'''-四酢酸(DOTA)よりも1個少ないカルボキシル基を有するDOTAの残基である、請求項1記載の化合物。
- Ch'がGd(3+)キレートである、請求項1記載の化合物。
- Ch'がGd(3+)キレートである、請求項5記載の化合物。
- R1がそれぞれHである、請求項1記載の化合物。
- R2COOがそれぞれ天然脂肪酸の残基または該残基の混合物である、請求項1記載の化合物。
- Ch'とキレート形成した常磁性金属をさらに含む、請求項1記載の化合物。
- 常磁性金属イオンが非放射性である、請求項10記載の化合物。
- ターゲティング物質および/または生物学的活性物質を任意で含む親油性ナノ粒子または微粒子と、請求項1記載の化合物とを含む組成物。
- ナノ粒子または微粒子が請求項1記載の化合物の少なくとも2,000コピーを含む、請求項12記載の組成物。
- ターゲティング物質が受容体リガンドまたは抗体もしくはその断片である、請求項12記載の組成物。
- ナノ粒子または微粒子がリポソーム、油滴、過フッ化炭化水素ナノ粒子、脂質コーティングタンパク質粒子、または脂質コーティング多糖である、請求項12記載の組成物。
- 試料を請求項12記載の組成物に接触させる段階と、該試料を撮像する段階とを含む、試料の撮像方法。
- 試料が組織である、請求項16記載の方法。
- ホスゲン等価物がトリホスゲン、ジホスゲン、カルボニルジイミダゾール、またはクロロギ酸p-ニトロフェニルである、請求項20記載の方法。
- Ch'が、1,4,7,10-テトラ-アザシクロドデカン-N,N',N'',N'''-四酢酸(DOTA)よりも1個少ないカルボキシル基を有するDOTAの残基である、請求項20記載の方法。
- Ch'が常磁性イオンを含む、請求項22記載の方法。
- 常磁性イオンが非放射性である、請求項23記載の方法。
- 常磁性イオンがGd(3+)である、請求項23記載の方法。
- 式(1)を有する化合物を常磁性イオンに接触させる段階をさらに含む、請求項22記載の方法。
- 式(1)を有する化合物のCh'が、1,4,7,10-テトラ-アザシクロドデカン-N,N',N'',N'''-四酢酸(DOTA)よりも1個少ないカルボキシル基を有するDOTAの残基である、請求項26記載の方法。
- 常磁性イオンが非放射性である、請求項26記載の方法。
- 式(1)を有する化合物をGdCl3またはGd2O3に接触させる段階を含む、請求項26記載の方法。
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- 2005-06-07 JP JP2007527646A patent/JP2008502726A/ja active Pending
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JP2010507722A (ja) * | 2006-10-24 | 2010-03-11 | ケレオス インコーポレーティッド | 標的化リガンドを固定化するための改良型リンカー |
JP2019501213A (ja) * | 2015-11-06 | 2019-01-17 | ウイスコンシン アラムナイ リサーチ ファウンデーシヨンWisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 長寿命ガドリニウムに基づく腫瘍標的化イメージングおよび治療薬 |
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US20060008417A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
CA2569461A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
IL179443A0 (en) | 2007-05-15 |
AU2005253962A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
US7504088B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 |
WO2005122891A8 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
WO2005122891A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
EP1768558A1 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
EP1768558A4 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
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