JP2008500485A - Starter for automobile internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

A starter having a freewheel starter head that operates by friction for internal combustion for an automobile.
A starter head comprising a driver controlled by a control lever, a first friction engagement surface supported by a pinion, and a second friction engagement surface coupled to the driver. It has a part for connecting the pinion and the driver by means of a wheel connection, and a starting spring R1 that interacts with the control lever to generate a friction drag torque, which starts the auto-locking of the starter head during the drive phase This is sufficient to do, but not enough to substantially reduce the speed difference in the freewheel phase. This starter head can be used for an electric starter of an internal combustion engine.
[Selection] Figure 6

Description

  The present invention relates to a starter for an internal combustion engine of an automobile. Such a starter has an output shaft provided with teeth, a starter head provided with a pinion, and an output shaft between a front position and a rear idle position where the pinion meshes with a toothed starter ring of an internal combustion engine flywheel. And an electric motor for rotating an output shaft mechanically coupled to a starter head mounted so as to slide in the axial direction. The starter head is controlled between a front position and a rear position by a control means, and has a driver having a complementary drive groove engaged with the teeth of the output shaft, and a freewheel received in the friction clutch. A first friction surface held by one of the pinion or the driver and a second friction engagement surface fixed to the other of the pinion or the driver. And an elastic means for automatically locking the freewheel by bringing the component and the friction surface into contact with each other.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the conventional starter 10 includes an electric motor 11 having a casing 15, a stator 12, and a rotor 13. The stator 12 surrounds the rotor 13 attached to the rotating shaft 14 coaxially. The stator 12 is received in a casing 15 fixed to a starter support 16 that is attached to a stationary part of the automobile. The rotor 13 has a rotor winding connected to a collector 17 fixed to the rotating shaft 14 of the electric motor 11.

  The starter 10 also includes an electromagnetic contactor 18 disposed in parallel to the radial direction above the electric motor 11. The contactor 18 includes an exciting coil B, a moving contact 27 held by a control rod (no symbol), and power supply terminals 19 and 20. Each terminal 19, 20 forms a fixed contact in the insulating cap 21. One terminal 19 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the other terminal 20 is connected to a brush holder 17 ′ coupled to the collector 17 by a cable 22. In this example, the collector 17 is a front type or a radial type, but in a modified form, it is an axial type.

  In FIG. 2, the elements for closing the casing 15 with the rear bearings of the rotary shaft 14 as shown in French Patent Publication No. 2796990, which is referred to for providing further information, are shown.

  The contactor 18 includes a moving core 23, a fixed core 24, a coil support (not indicated) surrounding the guide sleeve (not indicated) of the moving core 23, and a tube (not indicated) functioning as a housing for the coil B. It also has. In this example, the tube body is attached to the cap 21 by tightening. The central hole of the fixed core 24 functions as a guide for the control rod of the moving contact 27 that receives the action of a cutoff spring (not shown) that operates between the cap 21 and the moving contact 27.

  In FIG. 2, the coil B and its support are partially omitted for easy viewing, and the fixed core 24 and a part of the guide sleeve are also omitted.

  When energy is supplied to the coil B, the moving core 23 is pulled in the direction of the fixed core 24 by the magnetic force, and at the same time, the moving contact 27 is moved in the direction of the fixed contact of the contactor 18 by the control rod, The control means 25 of the starter head 26 is activated. The control means 25 moves the movement of the starter head 26 to the flywheel of the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle, if possible, elastically and rotatably with a toothed starter ring 300 which is engaged with the front position and the rear idle. Control between position (Fig. 1).

  In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the control means 25 consists of a control lever.

  A collar fixed to the moving core and a return spring 42 supported by the tube are attached around the moving core 23 to urge the moving core 23 to the rear idle position. A spring 41 called a tooth-to-tooth spring is received inside the moving core 23 and cooperates with the upper end of the control lever 25 connected to the moving core 23 by a rod 43 connected to the spindle 44.

  Specifically, the spring 41 operates between a housing bottom part which is a part of the moving core 23 and a shoulder end part which is a part of the rod 43, and the other end part of the rod 43 is levered by the spindle 44. Cooperate with 25 upper ends.

  When the moving contact 27 is engaged with the fixed contact of the terminals 19 and 20 of the contactor 18, electricity is supplied to the electric motor 11 by the terminals 19 and 20, and the rotating shaft 14 is rotated. The output shaft 28 attached to the front bearing 29 is actuated. The front end portion of the rotating shaft 14 on the opposite side of the collector 17 is an epicyclic that constitutes a reduction gear 30 disposed between the output shaft 28 of the electric motor 11 and the rotating shaft 14 aligned with the output shaft 28. It is a sun gear that is part of the gear train. This gear train is provided with a fixing ring provided with teeth on the inside in order to mesh with the sun gear (not indicated) of the reduction gear 30.

  A bearing (not labeled) operates in a radial direction between the rear end of the output shaft 28 having a blind hole for receiving the bearing and the front end of the rotary shaft 14.

  In this example, the control lever 25 which is in the form of a fork is coupled to the moving core 23 of the contactor 18 through the rod 43 and the spring 41 by the upper end, that is, the upper portion, in the above-described manner. And a pivot spindle 31 for pivotally mounting in the starter.

  The bottom of the lever 25 in the form of a fork is attached to the tubular groove 133 of the driver 33 and has fingers or shoes shaped to act on the sides of the driver's tubular groove.

  The spindle 31 has two extension members that extend from opposite surfaces of the body of the lever 25, which are preferably molded integrally with the lever 25 from a plastic material.

  For example, these extending members are rotatably mounted in a bearing composed of a first part and a second part. The first part is advantageously connected to the support 16 and molded as an integral part of this support 16. The second part is formed on the opposite side of the first part and forms a shim between the contactor 18, specifically the tube and the casing 15.

  For further details, see for example French Patent Publication No. 2669605, filed on December 23, 1992.

  In a variant, the shim comprises two axial wings with holes for receiving the extension members of the spindle 31 between which the levers are arranged. One of the wings is indicated at 131 in FIG.

  In a variant, the fixed toothed ring of the speed reducer has an extension adapted to perform the articulation function of the lever. This extension comprises, for example, two radially extending lugs configured to receive the extension member of the spindle 31. In a variant, a fixed base plate is arranged between the support 16 and the casing 15 as described in French Patent Publication No. 2725758. This base plate has an articulation support for the spindle 31.

  Therefore, in this example, the lever is rotatably mounted in the starter by its intermediate portion. Specifically, this lever is pivotally attached to a fixed articulation support (wing) 131 of a starter by a spindle fixed to one of the elements consisting of the lever and a fixed articulation support. It has been. This structure can also be reversed.

  The starter head 26 is slidably attached to the output shaft 28, and is arranged in the axial direction between the drive pinion 32, the driver 33 that is operated by the fork of the rotatable control lever 25, and the driver 33 and the pinion 32. A freewheel 34 is provided. The driver 33 includes therein a spiral groove that complementarily engages with a tooth 36 that extends outward in a spiral shape formed in the output shaft 28. Accordingly, when the starter head 26 is pushed by the lever 25 in the direction of the fixed stopper 35 fixed to the output shaft 28, the starter head 26 moves spirally, and the pinion 32 is engaged with the toothed starter ring 300 of the internal combustion engine of the automobile. Come to the front meshing position.

  The freewheel starter head 26 includes a frustoconical friction clutch in this example in order to couple the starting pinion 32 to the driver 33. Such a friction clutch is of the type shown in French Patent Publication No. 28266696 (International Publication No. 03/002870). The friction clutch has two complementary concave and convex surfaces, for example frustoconical shapes, that cooperate by friction, and this concave surface is fixed to the pinion 32 to transmit the starting torque. The convex surface is fixed to the driver 33.

  For further details, see French Patent Publication No. 28266696, in particular pages 13 and 14 thereof.

  When the starter electric motor 11 drives the toothed starter ring of the internal combustion engine at the start (driving stage), the friction clutch is fixed to the engagement position, and the toothed ring causes the pinion 32 to move from the rotational speed of the driver 33. At the end of the start (freewheel phase), which is driven at a higher rotational speed, it is automatically disengaged. Both the pinion 32 and the driver 33 of the starter head 26 have a central hole through which the output shaft 28 passes.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the pinion 32 of the starter head 26 is fixed to a component for coupling the pinion 32 to the driver 33. The coupling component includes a first concave friction surface 37 having a truncated conical shape in this example on the outer peripheral portion.

  In this example, the friction surface 37 is a part of the inner peripheral portion of the skirt of the coupling component fixed to the pinion 32. In the modified form, a lining 37 is attached.

  A spiral drive groove 38 that engages with complementary teeth 36 provided on the outer peripheral portion of the output shaft 28 is provided on the inner peripheral portion of the driver 33. A groove 133 to which the fork of the control lever 25 is attached is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the driver 33, and a convex friction lining 39 having a truncated cone shape in this example is provided at the front portion thereof. The lining 39 is preferably made of a thermosetting plastic material including a filler or a thermoplastic material so as to obtain a desired coefficient of friction that is difficult to wear. The lining 39 is fixed in the annular housing of the driver 33 and includes a second concave friction surface 40 on the outer peripheral portion thereof. This second friction surface 40 cooperates complementarily and coaxially with the first friction surface 37 to provide a releasable freewheel mechanical coupling between the pinion 32 and the driver 33 in this example. Form a frustoconical friction clutch that enables. In a variant, these friction surfaces can also be formed to form a hemispherical friction clutch.

  A cap (not labeled) crimped to the coupling part serves as an axial gap between the lining 39 and the coupling part.

  As a modification, as shown in the above-mentioned patent document, when the coupling part is fixed to the driver, the friction surface 37 becomes a part of the driver and the friction surface 39 becomes a part of the pinion.

  When the moving core 23 is pulled toward the fixed core 24 of the contactor 18, the gap d1 between the pinion 32 at the front position that meshes with the toothed rod of the flywheel of the internal combustion engine and the fixed stopper 35 is reduced. Note that depending on the geometrical distribution of the components, either positive (FIG. 3) or negative (FIG. 4). These drawings schematically show the fixed core 24, the moving core 23, and the moving core in contact with the fixed core 24. However, in this final position of movement of the moving core 23, the driver 33 and thus the starter head 26 can be moved further by the action of inertial forces and reaction forces between the grooves 38 and the teeth 36.

  In FIG. 4, the pinion 32 is in contact with the stopper 35, and a spring 41 called a tooth-to-tooth spring that cooperates with the upper end portion of the control lever 25 is compressed by a distance d <b> 2 and the negative gap d <b> 1 is absorbed. Yes. The rotation of the control lever 25 around the spindle 31 acts on the driver 33, and the second friction surface 40 of the lining 39 is pressed against the first friction surface 37. As a result, the starter head 26 is automatically locked, and the drive torque is transmitted vertically to the pinion 32.

  On the other hand, if the spring 41 is not compressed and there is a positive gap d1 with respect to the stopper 35 of the pinion 32 (see FIG. 3), the two friction surfaces 37 and the friction surface 40 of the clutch are not in contact with each other. It is not auto-locked. The friction lining 39 rotates freely or slides on the first friction surface 37 of the coupling part, and no torque is transmitted between the driver 33 and the pinion 32. Therefore, the heat engine cannot be started.

  In order to ensure that the starter head 26 is automatically locked, in principle, the size of the starter may be changed so that the gap d1 of the pinion 32 with respect to the stopper 35 in the driving stage is always negative. The first problem of such a solution is that the actuating force by the control lever 25 of the starter 33 is very large when energy is supplied to the contactor 18 due to the geometric distribution of the starter components. The mechanical pressure of the lining 39 against the first friction surface 37 is increased. Such a high contact pressure in the friction clutch results in a large residual drag torque that can quickly wear the friction lining and reduce the function of the freewheel of the starter head 26. The second problem with this negative clearance solution is the mechanical impact that the stopper 35 receives each time the pinion 32 strikes.

  In FIG. 1, an elastic washer acting in the axial direction is preferably attached to the inside of the friction clutch, specifically to the inside of the freewheel, so that it can be compressed in the axial direction. The washer is in this case arranged between the circular shoulder at the front of the friction lining fixed to the driver and the inner surface of the cap clamped to the coupling part, so that they are in contact with each other. It acts on the conical friction surface elastically. As a result, a certain axial force is applied to both friction surfaces. The elastic washer may be replaced with a helical compression spring or may be part of the cap.

  The action of elastic washers or springs in the cap will be reduced by dust coming out of the friction clutch.

  This is because a spring acts between the coupling part and the driver as shown in French Patent Publication Nos. 28266696 and 2772433 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,237,442). This is also the case.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a starter having a freewheel starter head that operates by friction, which eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks, and in the drive stage, the internal auto-lock of the friction clutch is reliably operated to reduce wear, and the starter Is to extend the service life of.

  The starter according to the invention is characterized in that the elastic means comprise a starting spring which is arranged outside the freewheel and cooperates with the control means to generate drag torque by friction. This drag torque is sufficient to initiate auto-locking of the starter head during the drive phase, but is relatively weak so that the speed difference is not significantly reduced during the free wheel phase.

  According to the invention, the starting spring is designed not to excessively brake the relative movement between the friction surfaces in the freewheel stage, and the starting spring is arranged outside the freewheel received in the friction clutch. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the length of the freewheel in the axial direction.

  Attaching the start spring outside the freewheel saves space, facilitates the formation of a friction clutch, and allows the presence and state of the spring to be visually confirmed during final assembly. A reliable start inside the freewheel is possible.

  The above visual recognition is easier than the case where an elastic washer or a spring is attached to the inside of the free wheel as shown in the above-mentioned French Patent Publication Nos. 2772433 and 2826696. In the methods disclosed in these patent documents, unlike the case of the present invention, the length of the freewheel in the axial direction increases.

  This starting spring is sized to provide the correct force and is located outside the friction clutch and away from the friction lining so it can be contaminated by dust coming out of the friction lining. Absent.

  The starting spring can be of any shape and can be arranged in various positions to act on the driver's control means. The control means can be formed, for example, by an actuating lever coupled to the contactor and mounted by a spindle so that it can be rotated in the starter. The spindle is elastically actuated by a starting spring to press the second friction surface against the first friction surface by a driver.

Various attachments as listed below are possible.
A starting spring acts on the top of the lever on the rod connecting the lever to the moving core of the contactor.
-Place the start spring at the same height as the lever's rotation position so that it acts on the middle part of the lever.
The starting spring is formed with an elastic blade which cooperates with the bottom of the lever received in the fork in contact with the driver; The elastic blade is formed so as to coincide with the shape of the fork of the lever while maintaining a predetermined gap between the elastic blade and the lever. Preferably, the control lever is made of a molding plastic material and the elastic blade is made of metal.

  The driver is also advantageously formed from a plastic material so that wear and operating noise are reduced.

  In one embodiment, the elastic blade is secured to the bottom of the lever. The elastic blade forms a metal covering means fixed to the control lever at the same height as the portion that rubs against the driver.

  The elastic blade described above is attached to the groove of the driver. This blade can generate torque by acting axially against one of the sides on both sides of the groove, the bottom of which is in the form of a barrel-type grip, which causes the presence of complementary grooves and teeth Thus, the automatic lock of the friction clutch can be started.

  These structures can be reversed. In a variant, the elastic blade is fixed to the driver, for example fixed to one side of the groove, so as to cooperate with the bottom of the lever.

  Since the friction between plastic and plastic can cause wear and noise can be generated when scraping, the contact coupling between the starter head and the lever via the elastic member is in all cases made of metal to reduce wear and operating noise. It is a plastic type.

  In the free installation, the starter head clutch friction can be started with high reliability, so that the driving torque is optimally transmitted to the pinion and the freewheel functions correctly.

  The force generated by the starter spring in the starter head is preferably smaller than the force generated by the tooth-to-tooth spring.

  Other advantages and features will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to be limiting.

  This will be described with reference to FIGS. Components that are the same as or similar to the components of the starter head 26 in FIGS. 1 to 4 are given the same reference numerals. 5 to 7, the fixed core, the moving core, and the tooth-to-tooth spring are not shown for the sake of clarity, but in FIG. 1, the above-described procedure is applied to the tooth-to-tooth spring denoted by reference numeral 41. Only the rod 43 to be coupled is shown.

  5 to 9, the control means includes a lever 25.

  In FIG. 5, the starter head 26 has a drive pinion 32, a driver 33 operated by a fork of a control lever 25 rotated by a spindle 31, and a frustoconical freewheel 34 formed by a friction clutch. The freewheel 34 includes two complementary friction surfaces 37, 40 as shown in FIGS. In the driving stage, the starter head 26 and the free wheel 34 are locked by friction by the combined operation of the groove of the driver 33 after the two friction surfaces 37 and 40 are engaged with the friction cone.

  In the locked position of the conical clutch of the starter head 26 corresponding to the drive stage, the electric motor 11 drives the toothed starter ring and pinion 32 of the internal combustion engine. The friction clutch is disengaged at a free wheel stage in which the pinion 32 is driven by the internal combustion engine at a rotational speed faster than the rotational speed of the driver 33.

  The driver 33 has an annular groove 133 to which the bottom of the lever 25 in the form of a fork 47 is attached.

  In the present invention, in order to ensure that the starter head 26 can function reliably, the two friction surfaces 37 and 40 are coupled to start the internal auto-locking of the free wheel 34 in the driving stage. Auto-locking is initiated by elastic means outside the freewheel 34 that is configured to coincide with the friction clutch. This elastic means generates a small axial resistance force, which acts on the driver 33 and generates a friction torque between the two friction surfaces of the friction clutch.

  The elastic means according to the first embodiment of FIG. 5 comprises a compression type starting spring R1 acting on a rod 43 connecting the control lever 25 to the moving core of the contactor, ie the upper part of the lever 25 in the form of a fork. Have.

  The spring R1 is disposed between an upper portion of the lever 25 having a hole through which the rod 43 passes and a free end of the rod 43 having a shoulder with which a coil spring type spring R1 abuts in this example.

  Due to the action of the spring R1, the lever 25 is slightly rotated in the clockwise direction around the spindle 31 to generate a force that presses the second friction surface 40 against the first frustoconical friction surface 37. .

  The axial force generated by the spring R1 in the starter head, specifically the groove 133, is less than the force generated by the tooth-to-tooth spring of FIG. 2 in all embodiments.

  Due to the presence of the start spring R1, drag torque is generated by friction between the driver 33 and the pinion 32. This drag torque is sufficient to initiate auto-locking of the starter head 26 during the drive phase, but is relatively weak so that the speed difference does not become significantly smaller during the freewheel phase.

  In the modification according to the second embodiment of FIG. 6, the start spring R <b> 1 is arranged at the rotating spindle 31 of the control lever 25, that is, at the middle part of the lever.

  One end of the start spring R1 acts on the part of the spindle 31, and the other end acts on the fixed part of the starter.

  The effect of the spring R1 is the same as that in FIG. 5, and a force for pressing the second friction surface 40 against the first frustoconical friction surface 37 is generated.

  According to another modification of FIGS. 7 to 7D corresponding to the third embodiment, the start spring R1 is arranged at the same height as the bottom of the lever 25 in the form of a fork 47.

  In this example, the annular groove 133 of the driver 33, which is advantageously formed from a plastic material, is defined by two side surfaces 134, 136, the bottom part being in the form of a cylindrical barrel connecting the side surfaces to each other. 135 extends in the axial direction.

  Since the fork 47 engages with the groove 133, in this embodiment, the fork 47 receives the bottom portion 135 with a gap formed. This gap occurs because the fork 47 is generally U-shaped and has two fingers or shoes 147 that are part of the U-arm. Each U-shaped arm has a finger at its free end in this example. These fingers are curved in this example to act on the sides 134,136.

  The spring R1 includes an elastic blade 45 fixed to the bottom of the control lever 25 on the friction cone side of the starter head 26 so as to act on the side surface 134. Therefore, this starting spring cooperates with the lever 25 to contact the driver 33 of the finger 147 portion of the fork 47.

  The bottom of the blade 45 is in the form of a fork 46, which matches the shape of the fork 47 of the control lever 25 so that a central shaft gap j is formed in the shoe of the fork 47, ie, the finger 147.

  Accordingly, the fork 46 has two branch elements formed at the free end so as to have a shape similar to that of the finger 147, as shown in FIG. 7D. Therefore, initially there is a gap between these two branch elements and the finger 147.

  The blade 45 is assembled by being attached to two pins 48 positioned below the spindle 31 of the lever 25. The upper part of the control lever 25 is provided with a U-shaped bearing 49 that receives the spindle 44 of the rod 43 that connects to the moving core of the contactor.

  The pin 48 is advantageously molded integrally with the lever, in this example from a plastic material. In this case, the pin, that is, the pin is inserted into the pin mounting hole of the blade 45 and crushed by heat, for example.

  In a variation, the pin 48 has a head with a shoulder and at least one slot. This slot can be used to snap the blade onto the pin and attach it to the head and pin.

  The control lever 25 is advantageously formed from a molding plastic material, and the blade 45 is a metal with suitable elasticity. The blade 45 is supported by the side surface 134 of the driver 33 and elastically biases the second friction surface 40 toward the first frustoconical friction surface 37.

  Of course, these structures can be reversed. Therefore, in the modified embodiment, the blade 45 is fixed to the fork 47 and acts on the other side surface 136 of the groove 133.

  In a variation, the blade 45 is secured to the appropriate side 134, 136 of the groove 133.

  Everything depends on the application, but in each case the starting spring cooperates with the lever.

  The width of the groove 133, i.e., the distance between the sides 134 and 136, in one embodiment, is greater than the total thickness of the finger 147 and the relaxed blade 45. In this case, when the lever 25 is in the advanced position, the distance between the finger 147 and the side surface 134 is sufficiently small so that the blade is compressed and an axial force is generated at the start of the freewheel. There must be.

  In a variation, the width of the groove 133, i.e., the distance between the sides 134 and 136, is less than the total thickness of the finger 147 and the relaxed blade 45. When the fork is installed in the groove 133, the blade is not fully compressed (the gap j is reduced) and contacts the finger 147 and the side 136 or 134 and contacts the blade 45 and the side 134 or 136. When the lever moves forward, torque is generated between the driver and the lever. This torque enables the necessary freewheel start.

  According to another modification shown in FIGS. 8A to 8D and FIG. 9 as the third embodiment, a starting spring R ′ 1 made of an elastic blade 145 is attached to the inside of the fork 47. The blade 145 has a U-shaped structure as a whole, and has a hole attached to a pin 48 extending from the lever 25 at an upper portion thereof. The blade 145 is formed in a waveform.

  As can be seen from FIG. 9, the blade 145 engages the bottom 135 of the annular groove 133. The blade is formed in the same shape as the bottom portion 135 so as to come into contact with the bottom portion 135.

  Specifically, the blade 145 is formed in a corrugated shape, and the upper portion of the corrugated shape comes into contact to elastically tighten the bottom portion 135, and the start function is performed by the relationship between the groove and the tooth.

  Such tightening, depending on the application, is relatively weak so as not to impede the movement of the driver 33 when energy is supplied to the starter electric motor.

  In this case, the fork 47 is attached to the groove 133 with a slight gap so that the freewheel can be started.

  If the lever 25 is formed from a plastic material, the sides of the groove 133 are advantageously metal. These are, for example, molded into the main body of the driver and connected to each other.

  In the above-described three modifications, the friction of the clutch of the starter head 25 is started by the springs R 1 and R ′ 1 coupled to the control lever 25. The springs R1, R'1 are completely visible and are not integral with the freewheel interior. The starting ring R1 can have any shape that serves to press the two frustoconical friction surfaces 37, 40 together.

  The present invention can also be used for a starter that does not include the speed reducer 30 between the electric motor 11 and the starter 26.

  In this case, the rotating shaft 14 is also an output shaft.

  The collector 17 of the electric motor 11 can be either a radial type or an axial type.

  The components of the starter head 26 can be reversed. For example, the skirt of the first concave friction surface 37 can be fixed to the driver 33, and the second convex friction surface 40 can be fixed to the pinion 32 in this case. The skirt with the radial parts can be unitary or attached to the element to be fixed, such as by welding or clamping. For further details, see WO 03/002870 mentioned above.

  The driver 33 and the pinion 32 can be formed from a metal or a sintered material.

  The cap of FIGS. 1 and 2 is advantageously provided to hold the starter head. In a variant, the coupling part has a skirt with one friction surface inside and with a housing at the free end for mounting a circlip. This circlip can hold the starter head in cooperation with the driver. In a variant, the circlip can be changed to a rim that can be formed by folding the free end of the skirt inward, or a tongue that extends laterally.

  In this example, the driver 33 and lever 25 are advantageously formed from a plastic material so that these parts can be easily molded into the required shape.

  Accordingly, the side surface 134 can be formed from the plastic material of the embodiment of FIGS. 7-7D due to the presence of the metal blade 45.

  The other side 136 that is farthest away from the freewheel 34 is advantageously a metal that is secured to the driver, for example by insert molding. This side surface consists of a metal washer, for example.

  In this case, contact between metal and plastic is always obtained.

  The electromagnetic contactor 18 is an offset type in a modified form. The contactor 18 is connected to the rotating shaft 14 of the electric motor 11 in the vicinity of the rear bearing, ie opposite to the starter head 26, as disclosed in French Patent Publication No. 2843437, filed July 3, 2002. On the other hand, it is oriented vertically, for example.

  In this case, the rod connected to the moving core acting on the upper part of the lever 25 is connected to the moving core by the second rod acting on the tooth-to-tooth spring and the return mechanism acting between these two rods. It is connected. Therefore, the rod 43 acts directly or indirectly on the tooth-to-tooth spring. The pinion 32, in a modified form, is of the type extending from the support 16, as disclosed in French Patent Publication No. 2745855.

  The actuating lever 25 is coupled to a contactor, and is rotatably attached to the articulation support 131 on which the starter is fixed in the manner described above by a spindle. In each drawing, the spindle 31 is fixed to the lever 25. In a variant, a fixed articulation support 131 holds the spindle and the lever has a hole for receiving the spindle.

  All combinations are possible.

  In the above description, the starter is a starter for an internal combustion engine, which is also called a heat engine used in automobiles such as light vehicles and heavy machinery, or boats.

  The present invention can also be applied to a case where an internal combustion engine is fixed to, for example, at least one power take-off device and this device is driven.

It is a partially broken perspective view in the height of the starter head of the conventional starter. It is an axial sectional view of the known starter of FIG. It is a schematic diagram of a known starter head in a driving stage in which a gap with respect to a stopper is positive (a friction cone in a clutch is not pressed). FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a known starter head in a driving stage in which a gap with respect to a stopper is negative (two friction surfaces in a clutch are pressed against each other). FIG. 3 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a starter head according to the present invention in which a start spring is disposed on a control lever of the starter head. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a starter head according to the present invention in which a start spring is disposed on a control lever of the starter head. FIG. 7 is a schematic view of still another embodiment of a starter head according to the present invention in which a start spring is disposed on a control lever of the starter head. It is an assembly exploded perspective view of a control lever provided with the starting leaf | plate spring of FIG. It is a perspective view which illustrates attachment of the leaf spring of Drawing 7A to a control lever. It is a perspective view which illustrates fixation of the leaf | plate spring of FIG. 7A with respect to a control lever. It is a side view which shows the shape of FIG. 7C. FIG. 7B is an exploded perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a control lever similar to FIG. 7A. 7B is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a control lever similar to FIG. 7B. FIG. 7D is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a control lever similar to FIG. 7C. FIG. It is a front view of the control lever of FIG. 8C. FIG. 9 is a perspective view illustrating attachment of the control lever of FIGS. 8A to 8D to the starter head.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Starter 11 Electric motor 12 Stator 13 Rotor 14 Rotating shaft 15 Casing 16 Starter support 17 Collector 17 'Brush holder 18 Electromagnetic contactor 19, 20 Terminal 21 Cap 22 Lead wire 23 Moving core 24 Fixed core 25 Control means 26 Starter head 27 Moving contact 28 Output shaft 29 Front bearing 30 Deceleration device 31 Spindle 32 Pinion 33 Driver 34 Free wheel 35 Stopper 36 Teeth 37 First concave friction surface 38 Drive groove 39 Convex friction lining 40 Second friction surface 41 Spring 42 Return Spring 43 Rod 44 Spindle 45 Elastic blade 46, 47 Fork 48 Pin 49 U type bearing 131 Articulation support 133 Annular groove 134, 136 Side surface 135 Bottom portion 145 Elastic blade 147 Finger 300 Startering d1 gap d2 distance j gap R1, R'1 Start spring

Claims (14)

In a starter for an internal combustion engine having a flywheel with a toothed starter ring (300),
The pinion (32) meshes with an output shaft (28) having teeth (36), a starter head (26) having pinions (36), and a toothed starter ring (300) of the flywheel of the internal combustion engine. An output shaft (28) mechanically coupled to the starter head (26) mounted to slide axially on the output shaft (28) between a front position and a rear idle position. The starter head (26) includes an electric motor (11) for rotating the
A driver (33) comprising a complementary drive groove (38) controlled by the control means between a front position and a rear position and engaging the teeth (36) of the output shaft (28);
For mechanically coupling the pinion (32) to the driver (33) by a freewheel (34) received in a friction clutch, held by one of the pinion or the driver (33) A component having a first friction surface (37) formed and a second friction engagement surface (40) secured to the other of the pinion or the driver (33);
Elastic means for bringing the friction surfaces (37) and (40) into contact with each other to auto-lock the freewheel (34);
The elastic means comprises a starting ring (R1), (R′1), which is arranged outside the freewheel (34) and cooperates with the control means to generate drag torque by friction; The drag torque is sufficient to start auto-locking of the starter head (26) in the driving stage, but is relatively weak in the free wheel stage so that the speed difference is not significantly reduced. Starter to do.   2. Starter according to claim 1, characterized in that the control means is formed by a lever (25) having a spindle (31) mounted for rotation in the starter.   The lever (25) is actuated elastically by the start ring (R1) so that the driver (33) presses the second friction surface (40) against the first friction surface (37). The starter according to claim 2, wherein:   The starter has an electromagnetic contactor (18) comprising a moving core (23) connected to the upper part of the lever (25) by means of a rod (43), also called a connecting rod, the connecting rod (43) Acting directly or indirectly on the spring (41), also called tooth-to-tooth spring, received inside the moving core (23), is generated by the starting spring (R1), (R′1) at the starter head The starter according to claim 2, characterized in that the axial force is smaller than the force generated by the tooth-to-tooth spring.   The starter has an electromagnetic contactor (18) with a moving core (23) connected to the top of the lever (25) by a rod (43), also called a connecting rod, and the start ring (R1) is connected to the connecting rod ( 43. The starter according to claim 2, wherein said starter is adapted to act on said item 43).   The sooter includes a fixed articulation support (131), and the lever (25) is a spindle fixed to one of the fixed articulation support (131) of the starter or the lever (25). (31), the starter (R1) is attached to the articulation support (131) to which the starter is fixed by a middle part of the lever (25), and the start ring (R1) 25. Starter according to claim 2, characterized in that it is arranged on a spindle (31) of 25).   Starter according to claim 5, characterized in that the starting ring (R1) consists of a compression spring.   The starting rings (R1), (R′1) are adapted to cooperate with the bottom of the lever (25) and are formed by elastic blades (45), (145), The starter according to claim 2.   9. Starter according to claim 8, characterized in that the elastic blades (45), (145) are fixed to the bottom of the lever (25).   The bottom of the lever (25) comprises a fork (47) that is generally U-shaped with a bifurcated element comprising a finger (147), and the elastic blade (45) is a screwdriver (33 ) In the fork (46) that contacts the fork (46) of the blade (45), the fork (46) of the blade (45) maintaining a predetermined gap (j) and the fork (47) of the lever (25). The starter according to claim 9, wherein the starter corresponds to the shape of   The bottom of the lever (25) is attached to the annular groove (133) of the driver (33), which is defined by the sides (134) and (136), and the bottom of the elastic blade is Starter according to claim 10, characterized in that it is adapted to cooperate with one of the side surfaces of the groove (133).   The bottom of the lever (25) comprises a generally U-shaped fork (47) having a bifurcated element with fingers (147), and the start ring (R′1) is an elastic attached to the inside of the fork (47) 10. Starter according to claim 9, characterized in that it consists of a blade (145).   The bottom of the lever (25) is mounted in the annular groove (133) of the driver (33), said groove (133) being defined by side surfaces (134) and (136), and the elastic blade (145) is 13. Starter according to claim 12, characterized in that it is in contact with the bottom (135) of the annular groove (133).   The lever (25) is formed by molding a plastic material. The lever (25) forms a spindle (31) so that the lever (25) can be rotatably mounted in the starter. 9. The lever according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises two extensions extending from the body of the lever (25) to the opposite side and the elastic blades (45), (145) are made of metal. Starter.

Images