JP2008286792A - Evaluation method and device for spot welded portion by ultrasonic wave - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To discriminate a fusion welded portion from a surface deposition welded portion with high reliability without being adversely influenced by the shape of the spot welded portion. <P>SOLUTION: Ultrasonic waves propagating along the surface of a subject are sent toward a plurality of directions from wave sending positions on outside plates 1a, 1b of the spot welded portion 2. At wave receiving positions, on the outside plate of the spot welded portion 2, ultrasonic waves propagating along the surface of the subject in the propagation path of which does not include the spot welded portion 2 and the ultrasonic waves propagating along the surface of the subject in the propagation path of which includes the spot welded portion 2 are received. The cross-correlation between the signal of the received ultrasonic wave propagating through each of the propagation paths connecting the wave sending positions and the wave receiving positions and the signal of a reference ultrasonic wave is computed, and/or the frequency of the signal of the received ultrasonic wave propagating through each of the propagation paths is analyzed. The welded state is discriminated from the result of the cross-correlation computation and/or the result of the frequency analysis. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for inspecting a joining state of a spot welded portion formed by superposing and welding a plurality of plate materials by a non-destructive means using ultrasonic waves.

  2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, for example, in an automobile body manufacturing factory, a spot welding inspection method that can be simply implemented is desired in order to perform inspection of a spot welded portion with high efficiency on site. In particular, a spot welded portion (hereinafter referred to as a fusion welded portion) in which a melted and solidified portion (nugget) is generated and a metal plate interface are only locally welded. There is a need for a spot welding inspection method that can easily determine spot welds that have not been generated (hereinafter referred to as interface welds).

  The body of an automobile is assembled by thousands of spot welds, and the quality of spot welds directly affects the strength and durability of the car body. It is extremely important to do.

  Conventionally, as such a method for inspecting spot welded parts, a ladle inspection is performed in which a pass / fail is inserted between spot-welded metal plates and whether or not the spot welded parts are peeled off is determined. However, since the spot welded portion may be broken when the chisel inspection is performed, it is difficult to accurately determine whether or not the spot welding is good depending on the chisel inspection. Further, since it is impossible to use the spot welded portion destroyed by the chisel inspection for the product, there is a problem that the cost is high.

  In recent years, various apparatuses and methods for inspecting the quality of spot welds using ultrasonic waves in a nondestructive manner have been proposed.

  For example, in Patent Documents 1 to 3, an ultrasonic probe is brought into contact with the plate surface perpendicularly to detect the interface welding of a spot welded portion that is produced by superimposing and welding two plates. A method and apparatus for detecting a reflected wave by making it incident are disclosed.

  In Patent Documents 1 and 2, ultrasonic waves (longitudinal waves) perpendicularly incident on a spot weld are observed at the bottom multiple reflection echoes that are reflected multiple times between the front and back surfaces of the weld and return to the ultrasonic probe. This method utilizes the fact that the phenomenon that the echo height of the bottom surface multiple reflection echo attenuates with propagation differs between the fusion welded portion and the interface welded portion. The melt-solidified structure of the melt-solidified part (nugget) is also called a dendrite structure, and is a collection of coarse crystals extending in one direction. have. On the other hand, since the metal structure of the interface welded portion is subjected to a temperature history close to normalization, the crystal grains are fine, so that the attenuation of ultrasonic waves is small. Therefore, the amplitude of the bottom echo decreases sharply with an increase in the number of reflections at the bottom because of the large attenuation at the fusion weld, whereas the number of reflections at the bottom increases at the interface welds. Since the accompanying drop in the amplitude of the bottom echo is gentle, the difference is used to distinguish between the weld weld and the interface weld weld.

  Further, in Patent Document 3, using a focusing type ultrasonic probe having a large aperture angle, ultrasonic waves (longitudinal waves) are incident in the vertical direction of the spot welded portion, and generated by mode conversion in reflection at the bottom surface. By observing the amplitude of the transverse wave, the fusion welded portion and the interfacial welded portion are distinguished by utilizing the phenomenon that the transverse wave does not easily pass through the solid-phase joint surface.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-87060 JP-A-4-265854 JP 2000-146828 A JP 2006-71422 A

  However, as shown in FIG. 12, in spot welding, the upper plate 101a and the lower plate 101b are strongly pressed by electrode tips (not shown), so that a recess 102b is formed on the surfaces of the upper plate 101a and the lower plate 101b. The depression 102b is roughly composed of an inclined surface 102c and a flat portion, but the flat portion also has subtle irregularities. Therefore, the amplitude of the bottom multi-reflected echo that the ultrasonic wave perpendicularly incident on the spot weld 102 returns to the ultrasonic probe after multiple reflections between the front and back surfaces of the weld depends on the delicate unevenness. If the degree of the unevenness is large, the drop in the amplitude of the bottom surface echo accompanying the increase in the number of reflections on the bottom surface is also abrupt. In addition, when an ultrasonic wave is transmitted to the spot welded portion 102 using an ultrasonic probe, the ultrasonic wave is scattered by the unevenness, which makes it difficult to observe the bottom surface multiple reflection echo itself. For these reasons, it is difficult for the methods disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 to accurately identify the fusion welded portion and the interface welded portion.

  On the other hand, in the technique of Patent Document 3, since the amplitude of the transverse wave generated by the mode conversion depends on the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave to the bottom surface, the amplitude of the transverse wave varies depending on the shape of the welded portion. was there. Furthermore, since the metal used for plating is often completely welded and joined at the interface welded portion such as a plating material, the transverse wave passes as in the case of the welded welded portion. In technology, it may be difficult to distinguish between a fusion welded portion and an interfacial welded portion.

  Therefore, the inventor of the present application has already proposed the following spot welded portion evaluation method in Patent Document 4. That is, in an ultrasonic evaluation method of a spot welded portion formed by superposing and welding a plurality of metal plates, the propagation propagates in the cross section formed by the direction along the surface of the metal plate or spot welded portion and the thickness direction. When the ultrasonic waves are referred to as ultrasonic waves propagating along the surface of the subject, the ultrasonic waves propagating along the surface of the subject from a plurality of transmission positions of the metal plate outside the spot welded portion toward a plurality of directions. Ultrasound that has propagated along the surface of the subject that does not include a spot weld in the propagation path, and a spot weld in the propagation path at a plurality of receiving positions on the metal plate outside the spot weld. Ultrasonic wave propagating along the surface of the object including the specimen, and evaluating the soundness of the spot weld from the ultrasonic waves received at the plurality of positions. Part is an evaluation method of.

  According to the present invention, the spot welded portion can be accurately evaluated in a non-destructive manner without being affected by the inclined surface formed around the recess formed in the spot welded portion, and is limited to a short time. Even in the measurement, the soundness of the spot welded part is reliable without being affected by the displacement of the position of the ultrasonic probe and the spot welded part or the contact state between the ultrasonic probe and the metal plate. Succeeded in evaluating. Further, in Patent Document 4, an amplitude profile of an ultrasonic wave transmitted using a transducer array and received using another transducer array is obtained, and a nugget where the amplitude profile falls below a predetermined threshold value is obtained. Disclosed as a diameter.

  However, in an inspection at a busy manufacturing site where determination in a short time is required, depending on the spot welded part, it may be sufficient to simply identify and display the good part and the defective part. In such a case, it is preferable to display the distinction between the fusion welded portion and the interfacial welded portion instead of the nugget diameter.

  The present invention has been made to solve such dissatisfaction with the prior art, and the problem is that the fusion welded part and the interfacial weld are highly reliable without being affected by the shape of the spot welded part. It is to identify and display the welded part. That is, the present invention improves the invention of Patent Document 4 so that the quality of a spot weld can be determined instantaneously.

  The present invention is an ultrasonic evaluation method of a spot welded portion formed by superposing and welding a plurality of plate materials, and propagates in a cross section formed by the direction along the surface of the plate material or spot welded portion and the thickness direction. When the ultrasonic waves are referred to as ultrasonic waves that propagate along the surface of the subject, the ultrasonic waves that propagate along the surface of the subject from a plurality of transmission positions of the plate material outside the spot welded portion in a plurality of directions. The ultrasonic wave propagated along the surface of the subject not including the spot weld in the propagation path at the plurality of receiving positions of the plate material outside the spot weld, and the spot weld in the propagation path Receiving ultrasonic waves propagating along the surface of the subject including the ultrasonic signals received in each of the propagation paths connecting the plurality of transmission positions and the plurality of reception positions, and a reference ultrasonic With sound wave signal A cross-correlation calculation result is obtained by performing at least one of cross-correlation calculation and frequency analysis of an ultrasonic signal received in each of the propagation paths connecting the plurality of transmission positions and the plurality of reception positions. The problem is solved by determining the welding state based on at least one of the frequency analysis result and the frequency analysis result.

  The present invention also provides an ultrasonic evaluation apparatus for a spot welded portion formed by superposing and welding a plurality of plate materials, and a cross section formed by the direction along the surface of the plate material or the spot welded portion and the thickness direction. When the propagating ultrasonic wave is referred to as an ultrasonic wave propagating along the surface of the subject, it propagates along the surface of the subject from a plurality of transmission positions of the plate material outside the spot welded portion in a plurality of directions. The ultrasonic wave propagating along the surface of the subject not including the spot weld in the propagation path at the plurality of wave receiving positions of the plate material outside the spot weld and the means for transmitting the ultrasonic wave and the propagation path Means for receiving ultrasonic waves propagating along the surface of the subject including the spot weld, and ultrasonic waves received in each of the propagation paths connecting the plurality of transmission positions and the plurality of reception positions Signals and base At least one of a cross-correlation calculation with the ultrasonic signal and a frequency analysis of the ultrasonic signal received in each of the propagation paths connecting the plurality of transmission positions and the plurality of reception positions And a means for discriminating a welding state based on at least one of the cross-correlation calculation result and the frequency analysis result, and providing an ultrasonic spot weld evaluation apparatus characterized by comprising: is there.

  As the reference ultrasonic signal, an ultrasonic signal propagating along the surface of the subject that does not include a spot weld in the propagation path can be used.

  The means for transmitting ultrasonic waves propagating along the surface of the subject from the plurality of transmission positions in a plurality of directions can be an ultrasonic probe including a transducer array.

  The means for receiving ultrasonic waves at the plurality of receiving positions can be an ultrasonic probe provided with a transducer array.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to identify and display the fusion welded portion and the interfacial welded portion with high reliability without being affected by the shape of the spot welded portion. Can be discriminated.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  Here, an explanation will be given taking as an example the evaluation of a spot welded portion formed by joining two metal plates. The upper plate of the two metal plates is called the upper plate, and the lower plate is called the lower plate. In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, an ultrasonic probe 10 having a transducer array 11 and an ultrasonic probe 20 having a transducer array 21 are connected to a spot welded portion 2 on an upper plate 1a. Abut against the position across the. An appropriate contact medium is interposed between the ultrasonic probe 10 and the ultrasonic probe 20 and the upper plate 1a.

  Using the ultrasonic probe 10 having the transducer array 11, ultrasonic waves are transmitted from a plurality of positions to the upper plate 1a. The ultrasonic probe 10 has a structure in which a transducer array 11 is attached to a resin wedge 12, and ultrasonic waves transmitted from the transducer array 11 are obliquely incident on the upper plate 1a.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the ultrasonic waves traveling obliquely with respect to the surface of the upper plate 1a are transmitted into the upper plate 1a by the ultrasonic waves incident obliquely. The ultrasonic wave traveling obliquely includes longitudinal waves and transverse waves, and propagates in the upper plate 1a while repeating reflection and mode conversion on the bottom surface and surface of the upper plate 1a (hereinafter, propagated along the surface of the subject). Also called ultrasound). In FIG. 2, a solid line is a transverse wave and a broken line is a longitudinal wave. When the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave on the upper plate 1a is an appropriate value, the ultrasonic wave that propagates by repeating the reflection becomes a wave called a Lamb wave.

  The propagating ultrasonic wave is received by the ultrasonic probe 20 including the transducer array 21. The ultrasonic probe 20 has a structure in which a transducer array 21 is attached to a resin wedge 22.

The ultrasonic wave propagating along the plane path (path seen from the upper surface of the metal plate) shown in FIG. 3 by the ultrasonic probe 10 including the transducer array 11 and the ultrasonic probe 20 including the transducer array 21. Can be received. The individual transducers of the transducer array 11 of the ultrasonic probe 10 are represented as 11 _{1 to} 11 _N, and the individual transducers of the transducer array 21 of the ultrasonic probe 20 are represented as 21 _{1 to} 21 _N. To. As N, for example, the number of 4, 8, 16, 32 or the like can be used. FIG. 3 shows a case where N is 16. Since the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the transducers 11 _{1 to} 11 _N of the transducer array are spatially expanded, the ultrasonic waves taking the planar path shown in FIG. 3 are transmitted from the transducers 11 _{1 to} 11 _N. Can wave.

The ultrasonic waves transmitted from the transducer 11 ₁ of the ultrasonic probe 10 are received by the transducers 21 _{1 to} 21 _N of the ultrasonic probe 20. Next, the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the transducer 11 ₂ of the ultrasonic probe 10 are received by the transducers 21 _{1 to} 21 _N of the ultrasonic probe 20. This process is performed until the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the transducer 11 _N of the ultrasonic probe 10 are received by the transducers 21 _{1 to} 21 _N of the ultrasonic probe 20. 11 _n (n = 1, 2,..., N) are sequentially changed. As a result, ultrasonic waves propagating in a plurality of directions transmitted from a plurality of positions can be received by the transducers 21 _{1 to} 21 _N of the ultrasonic probe 20.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the nugget 2a generated in the spot welded portion 2 is a molten and solidified structure 2b having a directionality substantially parallel to the plate thickness direction. This melt-solidified structure 2b is the weld metal referred to in the present invention. This melt-solidified structure 2b, also called a dendrite structure, is a collection of coarse crystals extending in one direction, and therefore has a property that ultrasonic transmission is poor (attenuation is large) compared to the metal structure of a metal plate (steel plate). have. Therefore, when the ultrasonic wave propagating in the path shown in FIG. 3 includes the molten solidified structure 2b in the path, the ultrasonic wave is attenuated according to the length of the molten solidified structure 2b existing in the propagation path. It is lowered and received by the ultrasonic probe 20. Further, the melt-solidified structure 2b has a property that the speed of propagation of ultrasonic waves therein is considerably different from the metal structure of the metal plate. In the melt-solidified structure 2b, as shown in the schematic diagram of the micro metal structure shown in FIG. 4, specific orientations of metal crystals (indicated by broken arrows in FIG. 4) are substantially aligned in the plate thickness (z) direction. Therefore, the tissue has elastic anisotropy. Therefore, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave changes depending on the propagation direction (azimuth dependence of the propagation speed). On the other hand, in the metal structure of the metal plate (steel plate), since the metal crystal is oriented in a random direction, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave does not depend on the propagation direction and is a constant value. As described above, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave propagating along the surface of the subject is determined when the propagation path includes the molten solidified tissue 2b and when the propagation path does not include the molten solidified tissue 2b (the metal plate metal). Generally, it is different from (propagating through tissue only). Furthermore, since the ultrasonic wave propagating in the subject while repeating reflection and mode conversion on the bottom surface and the surface of the subject has an ultrasonic component that propagates in various angular directions, the molten solidified tissue 2b is in the propagation path. When included, the propagation speed changes for each component due to the orientation dependency of the propagation speed, and as a result, the waveform of the received ultrasonic signal changes significantly (phase mixing).

The width of the ultrasonic probe 10 used for transmission (the overall width of the transducers 11 _{1 to} 11 _N ) and the width of the ultrasonic probe 20 used for reception (the overall width of the transducers 21 _{1 to} 21 _N ) ) Is made larger than the planar size of the melt-solidified structure 2b, so that it is melt-solidified into the path (for example, 11 ₁ → 12 ₁ , 11 _N → 12 _N ) located at the end of the plane path shown in FIG. It is possible to prevent the structure 2b from being included (path not including the melt-solidified structure). In the path not including the melt-solidified structure, there is only a metal structure of the metal plate (steel plate) and a fine crystal structure subjected to a temperature history close to normalization. There is no attenuation or phase mixing. Similarly, since the crystal structure of the interfacial weld weld is subjected to a temperature history close to normalization and the crystal grains are fine, the received ultrasonic waves do not appear to be attenuated or mixed in phase by the molten solidified structure 2b.

  Further, since the melt-solidified structure 2b is composed of coarse crystal grains, it has a property of greatly attenuating the ultrasonic wave as the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is high. Therefore, when the received ultrasonic wave of the path including the molten solidified structure 2b and the received ultrasonic wave of the path not including the molten solidified structure 2b among the planar paths shown in FIG. 3 are compared, the molten solidified structure 2b is not included. The received ultrasonic wave of the path contains more high frequency components. Similarly, when the received ultrasonic wave of the path including the interface welded portion is compared with the received ultrasonic wave of the path including the melt-solidified structure 2b, the received ultrasonic wave of the path including the interface welded portion has a higher frequency component. Contains a lot.

  Furthermore, the low frequency component of the received ultrasonic wave in the path including the melt-solidified structure 2b also changes as a result of the mixing of the phases. Therefore, comparing the received ultrasonic wave of the path including the molten solidified structure 2b and the received ultrasonic wave of the path not including the molten solidified structure 2b in the planar path shown in FIG. Appears. Similarly, when the received ultrasonic wave of the path including the interface welded portion and the received ultrasonic wave of the path including the molten solidified structure 2b are compared, there is a difference in the low frequency component.

  Therefore, by observing the waveform change (mixing of attenuation and phase) and frequency components of the received ultrasonic wave, it is discriminated whether the propagation path includes a molten solidified structure or an interface weld weld. be able to. Specifically, a cross-correlation operation with a signal waveform of the received ultrasonic wave in another path is performed using the signal waveform of the received ultrasonic wave in the path positioned at the end as a reference waveform. When the molten solidified structure is included in the propagation path, the cross-correlation calculation value becomes a relatively small value because of the waveform change of the received ultrasonic wave. Also, frequency analysis is performed on ultrasonic signals received in each of the propagation paths connecting the plurality of transmission positions and the plurality of reception positions. When the solidified structure is included in the propagation path, phenomena such as large attenuation of the high frequency component and change of the low frequency component are observed.

  In the present embodiment, since the ultrasonic probe 10 and the ultrasonic probe 20 are not brought into contact with the depression of the spot welded portion 2, the depression of the spot welded portion is caused by ultrasonic wave transmission and reception. The effect does not appear. Furthermore, the ultrasonic wave propagating along the surface of the subject does not lose the property of propagating along the surface even if the incident angle and reflection angle with respect to the front and back surfaces of the subject slightly change due to some depressions and irregularities. For this reason, in the present embodiment, it is possible to identify whether the propagation path includes a melt-solidified structure or an interface weld weld without being affected by the shape of the spot weld. it can.

As shown in FIG. 5, the ultrasonic probe 10 and the ultrasonic probe 20 are applied to a sample in which two metal plates (steel plates) having a thickness of 0.6 mm are overlapped and spot-welded as described above. The ultrasonic waves transmitted from the transducers 11 _{1 to} 11 _N of the ultrasonic probe 10 sequentially driven from the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 30 through the switch circuit 25 with the spot weld 2 interposed therebetween. A sound wave is received by the transducers 21 _{1 to} 21 _N of the ultrasonic probe 20, and a signal amplified by the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 30 via the switch circuit 26 is A / D converted by the A / D converter 31. After that, using the arithmetic device 32, the cross-correlation calculation with the received ultrasonic signals of other paths using the received ultrasonic waves transmitted from the transducer 11 ₁ and received by the transducer 21 ₁ as a reference signal. Was done. Here, N is set to 16, and the maximum value of the signal waveform after the calculation is detected as a cross correlation calculation result. In addition, frequency analysis (fast Fourier transform: FFT) of the received ultrasonic signals received by the transducers 21 _{1 to} 21 _N of the ultrasonic probe 20 was performed using the arithmetic device 32.

In FIG. 6, the profile of the cross-correlation calculation value measured using the spot welded part sample containing a melt-solidified structure and the interface welded part sample is shown in comparison. The profile of the cross-correlation calculation value is the difference between the received ultrasonic signal transmitted from the transducer 11 _{n and} received by the transducer 21 _n (n = 1, 2, 3,..., 16) and the reference signal. The cross-correlation calculation results are displayed in the order of the route number n. As shown in FIG. 6, there is a clear difference in the cross-correlation calculation value profile between the spot welded portion sample including the melt-solidified structure and the interface welded portion sample.

FIG. 7 shows an average value of specific frequency components of received ultrasonic waves measured using a spot welded part sample including a melt-solidified structure and an interface weld welded sample (for example, the ultrasonic probes 10 and 20 are used in this experiment). The center frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be transmitted and received is within ± 10% .If the center frequency is 10 MHz, the range is 9 to 11 MHz, and a difference is observed between a spot weld including a molten solidified structure and an interface weld spot weld. As long as it is a frequency component, the magnitude profile is shown in comparison. The magnitude profile of the specific frequency component of the received ultrasonic wave is the received ultrasonic wave transmitted from the vibrator 11 _{n and} received by the vibrator 21 _n (n = 1, 2, 3,..., 16). The magnitudes of the specific frequency components of the signal are displayed side by side in the order of the path number n. As shown in FIG. 7, there is a clear difference in the magnitude profile of the specific frequency component of the received ultrasonic wave between the spot welded portion sample including the melt-solidified structure and the interface welded portion sample.

In the apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the wedge members 12 and 22 of the ultrasonic probes 10 and 20 are made of polystyrene, and the vibrator arrays 11 _{1 to} 11 ₁₆ and 21 _{1 to} 21 ₁₆ are vibrated in the array arrangement direction. The spot welded portion 2 was measured so that the width of the child was 0.8 mm and the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave on the surface of the upper plate was 25.4 °. As samples to be measured, 30 samples prepared by spot welding two steel sheets having a thickness of 0.6 mm were used. 20 are spot welded portion samples including a melt-solidified structure, and 10 are interface weld spot welded portion samples.

For each sample, the cross-correlation calculation value is normalized so that the maximum value of the cross-correlation calculation value (the cross-correlation calculation value of the reference signal and the signal of the path 11 ₁ → 12 ₁ is normally maximum) becomes 128, and other paths (vibrators) 11 _n → vibrator 21 _n , n = 2, 3,..., 16), and the absolute value of the difference between 128 and 128 is used as a correlation calculation evaluation index. The correlation calculation evaluation index in each sample is shown in FIG. It can be seen that there is a clear difference in the correlation calculation evaluation index between the spot weld sample including the melt-solidified structure and the interface weld spot weld sample. By setting an appropriate threshold for the correlation calculation evaluation index, it is possible to determine the spot welded portion including the melt-solidified structure and the interface weld spot welded portion.

For each sample, the magnitude of the specific frequency component of the received ultrasonic wave is obtained by fast Fourier transform (FFT), and a plurality of paths (for example, transducer 11 _n → vibrator 21 _n , n = 6, 7,..., 11 Any number of paths may be selected as long as a difference is observed between a spot weld including a melt-solidified structure and an interface weld spot weld. The average value was obtained and used as a frequency evaluation index. The frequency evaluation index in each sample is shown in FIG. It can be seen that there is a clear difference in the frequency evaluation index between the spot welded portion sample including the melt-solidified structure and the interface weld spot welded portion sample. By setting an appropriate threshold value for the frequency evaluation index, it is possible to determine a spot welded portion including a melt-solidified structure and an interface weld spot welded portion. As a frequency evaluation index, in addition to the average value of the specific frequency component in the predetermined route, the maximum value of the specific frequency component in the predetermined route, the center of gravity frequency, the center frequency, the change in the low frequency ultrasonic component, etc. An indicator can be used. The frequency evaluation index may be configured using two or more indices.

  In the actual determination, the determination may be performed using either the correlation calculation evaluation index or the frequency evaluation index. It should be noted that determining by combining both evaluation indexes has an effect of improving the reliability of the determination result.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10, two or more evaluation indices are selected from the correlation calculation evaluation index and the frequency evaluation index as the feature amount A, feature amount B,... The center of gravity of the welded part group (healthy group) and the interface weld spot welded part group (defective group) is obtained in advance, and when measuring a new spot welded part, the position (measured value) of the spot welded part measured value in the feature amount space The distance between the position) and the healthy group (sound distance) and the distance between the measurement value position and the defective group (defective distance) are obtained and compared, and it is determined that the spot weld is included in the smaller group. You may do it.

  FIG. 11 shows a display example of the identification result between the fusion welded portion and the interfacial weld weld. FIG. 11A shows the case of a fusion welded portion, and FIG. 11B shows the case of an interfacial weld weld. Thus, since the distinction between the fusion welded portion and the interfacial welded portion can be simply shown, there is no doubt in the judgment of the inspection result, which is suitable for inspection at a busy manufacturing site.

  In this embodiment, since the ultrasonic probe provided with the transducer array is used on both the transmission side and the reception side, the configuration is simple. Note that it is possible to use a plurality of probes in juxtaposition to either one or both, or to scan and use a single probe.

  Furthermore, in the above description, the present invention has been applied to welding inspection of a metal plate (steel plate), but the application target of the present invention is not limited to this. It is also applicable to welding inspection of aluminum plates and other inorganic and organic materials. Further, the number of welds is not limited to two, and the evaluation of the soundness of the spot welded part is not limited only to the discrimination between the spot welded part including the melt-solidified structure and the spot welded part including the interface welded part.

The perspective view which shows the basic composition of embodiment of this invention Sectional drawing which shows the propagation path of an ultrasonic wave for demonstrating the principle of this invention Same top view Sectional view of spot weld The perspective view including a partial block diagram which shows the example of the apparatus for implementing embodiment of this invention Explanatory drawing showing the cross-correlation calculation value profile Diagram showing the accuracy of measurement results according to the method of the present invention Explanatory diagram showing the magnitude profile of the specific frequency component of the received ultrasound Diagram showing the accuracy of measurement results according to the method of the present invention Explanatory drawing which shows the judgment method using feature-value space Display example of identification results between fusion welds and interfacial welds Cross section for explaining spot welds

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1a, 101a ... Upper board 1b, 101b ... Lower board 2, 102 ... Spot welding part 2a, 102a ... Nugget 2b ... Melt solidification structure (welded metal)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 20 ... Ultrasonic probe 11, 21 ... Transducer array 25, 26 ... Switch circuit 30 ... Ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 31 ... A / D converter 32 ... Arithmetic unit

Claims (6)

In an ultrasonic evaluation method for a spot welded portion formed by superposing and welding a plurality of plate materials, ultrasonic waves propagating in the cross section formed by the direction along the surface and the thickness direction of the plate material or spot welded portion are covered. When we call it ultrasonic waves that propagate along the surface of the specimen,
Sending ultrasonic waves propagating along the surface of the subject in multiple directions from multiple wave transmission positions of the plate material outside the spot weld,
Ultrasound propagated along the surface of the subject not including the spot weld in the propagation path at the plurality of receiving positions of the plate material outside the spot weld, and the surface of the subject including the spot weld in the propagation path Receiving the ultrasonic wave that propagated along the
A cross-correlation operation between an ultrasonic signal received in each of propagation paths connecting the plurality of transmission positions and the plurality of reception positions and a reference ultrasonic signal, and the plurality of transmission positions And at least one of frequency analysis of ultrasonic signals received in each of the propagation paths connecting the plurality of reception positions, and based on at least one of the cross-correlation calculation result and the frequency analysis result A method for evaluating a spot weld by ultrasonic waves, characterized by determining a welding state.   2. The ultrasonic spot welded portion according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic wave signal propagated along the surface of the subject not including the spot welded portion in the propagation path is used as the reference ultrasonic signal. Evaluation methods. In an ultrasonic evaluation apparatus for a spot welded portion formed by superposing and welding a plurality of plate materials, the ultrasonic wave propagating in the cross section formed by the direction along the surface and the thickness direction of the plate material or spot welded portion is covered. When we call it ultrasonic waves that propagate along the surface of the specimen,
Means for transmitting ultrasonic waves propagating along the surface of the subject in a plurality of directions from a plurality of transmission positions of the plate material outside the spot welded portion;
Ultrasound propagated along the surface of the subject not including the spot weld in the propagation path at the plurality of receiving positions of the plate material outside the spot weld, and the surface of the subject including the spot weld in the propagation path Means for receiving the ultrasonic wave propagating along the
A cross-correlation operation between an ultrasonic signal received in each of propagation paths connecting the plurality of transmission positions and the plurality of reception positions and a reference ultrasonic signal, and the plurality of transmission positions And at least one of frequency analysis of ultrasonic signals received in each of the propagation paths connecting the plurality of reception positions, and based on at least one of the cross-correlation calculation result and the frequency analysis result Means for determining the welding state
An apparatus for evaluating spot welds using ultrasonic waves.   4. The ultrasonic spot welded portion according to claim 3, wherein the ultrasonic signal propagated along the surface of the subject not including the spot welded portion in the propagation path is used as the reference ultrasonic signal. Evaluation device.   5. The ultrasonic probe according to claim 3, wherein the means for transmitting ultrasonic waves propagating along the surface of the subject from the plurality of transmission positions toward a plurality of directions is an ultrasonic probe. An apparatus for evaluating spot welds using ultrasonic waves.   6. The spot welded portion according to claim 3, wherein the means for receiving ultrasonic waves at the plurality of receiving positions is an ultrasonic probe having a transducer array. Evaluation device.

Images