JP2008267088A - Tunnel ventilation control apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem of the leaking-out amount of a harmful substance being excessive in the pit mouth of a branching part though there is the pit mouth of the branching part in a recent tunnel. <P>SOLUTION: The tunnel ventilation control apparatus includes a means for setting the control target value of the leaking-out amount of the harmful substance to the pit mouth of a tunnel main line and at least one pit mouth of the branching part from the main line, an air volume setting means for setting the air volume of ventilation equipment, a wind velocity estimation calculation means for estimating wind velocity in the main line and the branching part of the tunnel based on the air volume, a harmful substance generation amount calculation means for calculating the generation amount of the harmful substance in the main line and the branching part of the tunnel based on a traffic amount in the tunnel, a harmful substance incoming-and-outgoing calculation means for calculating the incoming-and-outgoing of the harmful substance in the tunnel and the leaking-out amount of the harmful substance from the pit mouth in the main line and the branching part of the tunnel based on the wind velocity and the generation amount of the harmful substance, and a selection means for selecting the air volume of the air volume setting means based on the estimation of the degree of adaptability of the control target value and the leaking-out amount calculated by the harmful substance incoming-and-outgoing calculation means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel ventilation control device.

  In road tunnels, the concentration of harmful substances emitted by vehicles is kept below an acceptable level by controlling the operation of ventilation equipment such as air blowers and jet fans in shafts or ducts as necessary.

  In road tunnels, control objectives vary depending on the geographical situation in which the tunnel is built. In mountainous areas, the concentration of harmful substances in tunnels and the amount of power used by ventilation equipment are the main control objectives. On road tunnels in urban areas, in addition to the above control objectives, the tunnel ventilation control system controls until consideration is given to the surrounding environment. The elements to do are diversifying. In particular, consideration for the surrounding environment has been regarded as important in recent years, and the amount of leakage of harmful substances discharged from the main entrance is limited.

JP-A-4-209300

  Conventional road tunnels are generally tunnels that do not include branching or merging sections between the entrance (inlet) and the entrance (exit). In the one-way tunnel that is the subject of the present invention, an exhaust outlet is provided at the entrance (exit). The amount of leakage of the harmful substances has been limited by providing and exhausting intensively.

  Recent tunnels have multiple branches and junctions, and there are multiple wellheads. However, ventilation equipment is not installed at the branching / merging part, and there is no limit on the amount of harmful substances leaking out. is there.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a road tunnel ventilation control device that preserves the surrounding environment outside the tunnel by solving the above-described problems of the prior art and suppressing the leakage amount of harmful substances at all wellheads. .

  In order to achieve the above object, in a tunnel ventilation control device for controlling a ventilation facility for ventilating tunnel air, a harmful substance is prevented against a main entrance of a tunnel and an entrance of a branch from at least one main line. Means for setting a control target value of the leakage amount, air volume setting means for setting the air volume of the ventilation facility, wind speed prediction calculating means for predicting the wind speed at the main line and branch of the tunnel based on the air volume, Based on the traffic volume of the tunnel, the harmful substance generation amount calculating means for calculating the generation amount of the harmful substance on the main line and the branch of the tunnel, and the balance of the harmful substance in the tunnel based on the wind speed and the generation amount of the harmful substance And toxic substance balance calculation means to calculate the leakage amount of harmful substances from the main entrance and tunnel entrance of the tunnel, and the control target value and the leakage amount calculated by the toxic substance balance calculation means Providing a tunnel ventilation control apparatus and selecting means for selecting the air volume of the air volume setting means based on the evaluation.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, there exists an effect which restrict | limits the leakage amount of the harmful substance of the tunnel which has a branch part in a tunnel, and can improve a tunnel surrounding environment more.

  Conventional road tunnels are generally tunnels that do not include branching or merging sections from the entrance (exit) to the entrance (exit). In one-way tunnels, exhaust is provided at the entrance (exit) to concentrate exhaust. In this way, the amount of leakage of harmful substances has been limited. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in the number of tunnels in which a plurality of wellheads (exit points) are installed in a tunnel in order to alleviate traffic congestion in urban areas and utilize urban functions. In order to limit the amount of toxic substances leaked to all tunnel entrances, it is difficult to install ventilation equipment in consideration of cost and safety. Therefore, the amount of leakage of harmful substances is not calculated at the wellhead where no ventilation equipment is installed. In view of this, a road tunnel ventilation control device is provided that protects the surrounding environment outside the tunnel by suppressing the leakage of harmful substances from all wellheads.

  The road tunnel ventilation control device is composed of a main tunnel wellhead and at least one off-ramp, and in the road tunnel ventilation control device having at least one jet fan or at least one exhaust fan, Means for setting the leakage control target value for toxic substances necessary for calculation, air volume setting means for ventilation equipment to keep the leakage amount of toxic substances below the control target value, and at the branching / merging section of the tunnel Hazardous substance balance calculation means for easily grasping the balance of harmful substances is provided.

  Further, the target control value for leakage of harmful substances may be set based on each control cycle.

  Further, the evaluation of the leakage amount of the harmful substance may be a total sum of calculation results for each control cycle.

  The harmful substance leakage control target value may be provided with a means for finely correcting the control period from the sum of the control periods.

  In addition, airflow setting means for ventilation equipment sets the airflow of ventilation equipment by comprehensively evaluating not only the amount of harmful substances leaking from the tunnel well opening but also multi-purpose factors such as smoke concentration distribution and power consumption of ventilation equipment. Means to do this may be provided.

  In addition, a priority order for control purposes may be provided so that the user can easily set the priority order.

  The harmful substance balance calculating means may include means for calculating the balance of harmful substances from the predicted wind speed distribution and the ratio of the predicted air volume at the branching part or the merging part.

  Hazardous substances include nitrogen oxides, smoke and carbon monoxide.

  Rather than setting the leak control target value for harmful substances only at the tunnel headline, the leak control target value is set for all tunnel tunnels using the leak control target setting means. Then, a predicted wind speed distribution of the entire tunnel after a certain period is calculated from an anemometer and a traffic counter arranged in the tunnel. In addition, the total amount of harmful substances generated in the entire tunnel is calculated using the harmful substance constant discharged by one vehicle.

  Using the predicted wind speed results and the total amount of toxic substances generated, the balance of the total amount of toxic substances generated in the main line, bifurcation, and junction is calculated. The predicted amount of leakage is calculated from the total amount of harmful substances generated and the leakage rate at each wellhead.

  Operate at the highest rated ventilation volume based on the degree of agreement between the predicted leakage and the control target value.

  Since the predicted leak amount may include an error, if an anemometer is installed near the wellhead, the actual wind speed value will be leaked in the next control cycle after the ventilation facility is operated. Calculate the amount and reflect the error from the predicted value in the target value for the leakage control of hazardous substances from the next time.

  By applying the above-described series of processes to all wellheads for 24 hours, the amount of leakage at each wellhead can be minimized.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, there exists an effect which restrict | limits the leakage amount of the harmful substance of the tunnel which has a branch part in a tunnel, and can improve a tunnel surrounding environment more.

  Embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  A system configuration diagram of the embodiment is shown in FIG. The target road tunnel is composed of two branch parts and a main line part, and an anemometer 1 and a traffic counter 2 are arranged throughout the tunnel. The ventilation facility includes one jet fan 3 and one exhaust fan 4. The tunnel ventilation control device 5 is a computer and includes a leakage control target value setting means 6, a ventilation facility air volume setting means 7, and a harmful substance balance calculation means 8.

  To calculate the amount of toxic substance leakage 9 from all wellheads of road tunnels, the total toxic substances are generated using the predicted wind speed distribution and traffic data (number of large vehicles, number of small vehicles, average vehicle speed) in one tunnel after one control cycle. Calculate the volume and leak rate of each wellhead. FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of the internal processing of the tunnel ventilation control device up to the calculation of the leakage amount at each wellhead. The tunnel ventilation control device sets the control target value of the amount of leakage of harmful substances and the air volume of the ventilation equipment for the main entrance of the tunnel and the entrance of the branch from at least one main line. An air volume setting means for generating, a wind speed prediction calculating means for predicting a wind speed on the main line and the branch part of the tunnel based on the air volume, and generation of harmful substances on the main line and the branch part of the tunnel based on the traffic volume in the tunnel Hazardous substance generation amount calculation means to calculate the amount, leakage of harmful substances from the tunnel main line outlet and branch outlets based on the wind speed and the generation amount of the harmful substances A harmful substance balance calculating means for calculating the discharge amount; and a selecting means for selecting the air volume of the air volume setting means based on the evaluation of the degree of conformity between the control target value and the leakage amount calculated by the harmful substance balance calculating means.

  The tunnel well leakage control target value setting means 6 is a means for setting the amount of leakage of harmful substances from the tunnel well. In the tunnel shown in FIG. 1, a tunnel main pit A, a branch B, and a branch C are set. These set values do not set the wind speed value as described in JP-A-4-209300, but directly set the total leakage amount of harmful substances per day. The total amount of harmful substances leaked per day should be set to an appropriate value in consideration of various conditions such as traffic volume and road gradient. Then, the leak amount per control cycle is calculated in accordance with the control cycle of the tunnel ventilation control device, and a leak control target value is obtained. This leakage control target value is represented by the following characters.

Mo: Hazardous substance leakage control target value Ms: Total leakage of harmful substances per day (limit)
T: Control period of tunnel ventilation control device
S: Number of times the tunnel ventilation control device is controlled per day At this time, the leakage control target value can be calculated by the following equation.

  As described above, the control target value of the leakage amount of harmful substances can be set based on the control cycle unit T of the tunnel ventilation control device.

  The air volume setting means 7 of the ventilation facility is a means for setting the air volume of the ventilation facility so as to suppress the leakage amount of harmful substances from the wellhead. Since the amount of leakage of harmful substances is closely related to the wind speed in the tunnel, the predicted wind speed in the tunnel is required to set the air volume of the ventilation equipment. Therefore, the tunnel ventilation control device has a feedforward function for prediction.

  In addition to the amount of harmful substances leaking from the wellhead, it is necessary to adequately satisfy multiple purposes such as keeping the smoke concentration below the allowable value and minimizing the power consumption of the ventilation equipment. Therefore, the tunnel ventilation control device has a fuzzy control function for setting the air volume of the ventilation facility. Further, the membership function of the leakage amount is set for the number of wellheads, and the degree of matching between the leakage amount of harmful substances from each wellhead and the leakage control target value is calculated.

  From the calculation results, the tunnel ventilation controller comprehensively evaluates the degree of matching of each item, and performs the operation with the best air volume.

  A calculation means for realizing the ventilation facility air volume setting means 7 will be described. Assuming that a randomly set ventilation air volume is output from the current ventilation equipment air volume, the wind speed in the tunnel is first predicted. For the wind speed prediction, the number of vehicles in the whole tunnel is calculated by the traffic counter arranged in the tunnel. The equation of motion can be solved from the boosting force due to the piston effect of the vehicle or mechanical ventilation force and the resistance such as wall friction in the tunnel to obtain the predicted wind speed distribution in the tunnel. An example of wind speed prediction using a traffic counter is an example. Wind speed data from an anemometer can also be used, and wind speed at the main line and branch of the tunnel is predicted based on the air volume of ventilation equipment set by the air volume setting means. You can also

  It is assumed that the predicted wind speed distribution in the tunnel shown in FIG. 3 is obtained in the tunnel of FIG. 1 from the predicted wind speed calculation. 11 to 16 are predicted wind speeds in the tunnels of sections 1 to 6, respectively. To calculate the amount of toxic substance leakage, first calculate the amount of toxic substance generated from the entire tunnel. Since the tunnel of this embodiment is composed of a main line part and two branch parts, the main line part will be described first.

  As shown in FIG. 4, since the wind speed of the branch part B blows to the main line part A, harmful substances in the off-ramp part flow into the main line part A at this position. Moreover, since the wind speed of the branch part C is blowing toward the wellhead, harmful substances generated in the main line part A flow out to the branch part C. At this time, the ratio of the outflow amount to the main line part A and the branch part C after branching is calculated by the air volume ratio. Using such a toxic substance balance calculating means 8, the amount of toxic substances generated in the main line A is expressed by the following characters.

(1) Calculation of C2 (the wind speed of the branch part C is normal)
C1: Hazardous substance generation in section 1 (before branching)
C2: Hazardous substance generation in section 2 (after branching)
V1: Section 1 (before branch) predicted wind speed
V2: Section 2 (after branch) predicted wind speed
Ar1: Main line (before branching) cross-sectional area
Ar2: Main line (after branching) cross-sectional area

(2) Calculation of C3 (the wind speed at branch B is a reverse wind)
C2: Amount of hazardous substances generated in section 2 (before branching)
C3: Hazardous substance generation in section 3 (after branching)
C5: Hazardous substance generation in section 5 (branch B)

  17 to 22 are the amount of harmful substances generated in sections 1 to 6.

  A known expression or the like represented by the following expression may be used as the harmful substance leakage rate from the wellhead. Hazardous material leakage rate is expressed by the following letters.

Eo: Wellhead leakage rate
Urf: Wellhead wind speed
Lr: Actual tunnel extension L: Total section length
Lo: Tunnel additional length
ln: Exhaust port mounting position
D: Axial diffusion coefficient

  After calculating the total amount of harmful substances generated and the leakage rate as described above, the amount of leakage can be obtained by multiplying both.

  In addition to using the above formula for the leak rate, a leak rate based on empirical rules is preset for each wellhead, and the leak rate at the wellhead is multiplied by the preset leak rate and the amount of harmful substances generated. The amount may be calculated.

  Next, the amount of leakage of harmful substances at the branch is considered separately from the main line, and the amount of harmful substances generated at the branch is calculated. When the wind speed at the branch is normal, the leakage rate is used. On the other hand, at the time of backflow, the leakage rate is converted to 0, and there is no leakage of harmful substances.

  The amount of leakage at all wellheads can be calculated by the toxic substance balance calculation means. These prediction methods are pseudo-models based on mathematical models. In particular, the prediction accuracy of the wind speed distribution in the tunnel is important for predicting the leakage of harmful substances.

  Therefore, the amount of leakage of harmful substances is calculated again from the wind speed value of the anemometer arranged in the tunnel in the next control cycle. The leak amount calculated using the model wind speed is compared with the leak amount calculated using the measured wind speed, and the error is added to the control target value from the next time. The target value for hazardous substance leakage control after error correction is represented by the following characters.

S: Number of times the tunnel ventilation control device is controlled per day
S ': Number of times the tunnel ventilation control device has been controlled to date
Sn: Number of remaining controls from the present to the end of the day of the tunnel ventilation control device
Ms: Total leakage of harmful substances per day (limit)
Ms': Total leakage of harmful substances to date (limit)
Msn: Total leakage of harmful substances allowed from the present to the end of the day
Mo ′: Target value for leakage control of toxic substances after correction

  As described above, when calculating the degree of conformity between the control target value of the leakage amount and the leakage amount calculated by the toxic substance balance calculation means, it is the sum of the leakage amounts calculated for each control cycle. The air volume can be selected by evaluating based on the total leakage amount Ms ′ of the harmful substances up to the above.

  Further, as described above, the control target value Mo ′ of the hazardous substance leakage amount is the sum Ms of the leakage amounts calculated for each control cycle from the total harmful substance leakage amount Ms allowed until the end of the day. It can be calculated based on the value Msn calculated by subtracting '.

  In this embodiment, the type of harmful substance emitted by the vehicle is nitrogen oxide, but the harmful substance may be smoke concentration or carbon monoxide.

  As described above, in the tunnel ventilation control device for controlling the ventilation equipment for ventilating the tunnel air, leakage of harmful substances to the main entrance of the tunnel and at least one entrance of the branch from the main line Means for setting a control target value of the air volume, air volume setting means for setting the air volume of the ventilation facility, wind speed prediction calculating means for predicting the wind speed at the main line and the branch of the tunnel based on the air volume, and traffic in the tunnel A harmful substance generation amount calculating means for calculating the generation amount of harmful substances in the main line and the branch part of the tunnel based on the amount, and the balance of the harmful substances in the tunnel and the tunnel based on the wind speed and the generation amount of the harmful substances Evaluation of the degree of conformity between the hazardous substance balance calculation means for calculating the leakage amount of harmful substances from the main line outlet and the branch outlet of the main line, and the control target value and the leakage amount calculated by the hazardous substance balance calculation means The air volume of the air volume setting means by the tunnel ventilation control device provided with a selection means for selecting, limiting the harmful substances leaking out of the tunnel with a bifurcation in the tunnel can be further improved tunnel surrounding environment based on.

  Moreover, the wind direction wind speed measuring device may be installed near all the wellheads, and the ventilation equipment may be controlled so that the wind speed near the wellheads is reversed. Specifically, after calculating the total amount of harmful substances generated from the wind speed prediction using the feed-forward function and the number of vehicles in the tunnel, the air volume of the ventilation facility is selected based on the predicted leakage amount. Further, in order to correct the error in the prediction result, the leakage control target value is corrected as appropriate. In an urban tunnel including a plurality of branching / merging sections, it is possible to suppress the leakage of harmful substances from all wellheads and to protect the surrounding environment.

  In addition, an example was given where wind direction and wind speed measurement devices were installed in the vicinity of all anti-fall ports, but if the calculation results of the wind speed prediction model agree with the measured values of the measurement device within the allowable range, a part of the measurement device is omitted. You may do it.

  Moreover, the selection means for selecting the air volume can select not only the amount of harmful substances leaking from the tunnel well opening but also the smoke concentration distribution or the power used by the ventilation facility for the purpose of control, and can select the air volume.

  It also has priority setting means for setting the priority for control purposes, and sets the priority for control purposes such as leakage of harmful substances from tunnel wellheads, smoke concentration distribution, power consumption of ventilation equipment, etc. It can also be used for evaluation when setting the air volume by means. For example, the evaluation of a control object with a high priority can be evaluated higher than the evaluation of other control objects.

  As described above, by using the above-described method, it is possible to suppress the leakage amount of harmful substances from all wellheads.

The block diagram of a road tunnel and a tunnel ventilation control apparatus. The block diagram inside a ventilation control apparatus. Wind velocity distribution map in the tunnel. The block diagram which shows the hazardous | toxic substance calculating means of a main line part.

Explanation of symbols

1 Anemometer
2 Traffic counter
3 Jet fan
4 Ventilator
5 Tunnel ventilation control device
6 Leakage control target value setting means
7 Ventilation equipment air volume setting means
8 Hazardous substance balance calculation means
9 Hazardous substance leakage
10 Target value for hazardous substance leakage control
11 Predicted wind speed in section 1 tunnel
12 Predicted wind speed in tunnel of section 2
13 Predicted wind speed in the tunnel of section 3
14 Predicted wind speed in tunnel of section 4
15 Predicted wind speed in tunnel of section 5
16 Predicted wind speed in section 6 tunnel
17 Hazardous substances generated in section 1
18 Amount of hazardous substances generated in section 2
19 Amount of hazardous substances generated in section 3
20 Amount of hazardous substances generated in section 4
21 Hazardous substance generation in section 5
22 Amount of hazardous substances generated in section 6

Claims (7)

In the tunnel ventilation control device that controls the ventilation equipment that ventilates the air in the tunnel,
Means for setting a control target value of the amount of leakage of harmful substances for the main line of the tunnel and at least one branch of the main line;
An air volume setting means for setting an air volume of the ventilation facility;
Wind speed prediction calculating means for predicting the wind speed at the main line and the branch portion of the tunnel based on the air volume;
A hazardous substance generation amount calculating means for calculating the generation amount of harmful substances in the main line and the branch part of the tunnel based on the traffic volume in the tunnel;
Hazardous substance balance calculation for calculating the balance of harmful substances in the tunnel and the amount of leakage of harmful substances from the main entrance and branch entrance of the tunnel based on the wind speed and the amount of harmful substances generated Means,
A tunnel ventilation control device comprising: a selection unit that selects an air volume of the air volume setting unit based on an evaluation of a degree of conformity between the control target value and a leakage amount calculated by the harmful substance balance calculation unit .   2. The tunnel ventilation control device according to claim 1, wherein the control target value of the leakage amount of the harmful substance is set based on a control cycle unit of the tunnel ventilation control device. apparatus.   The tunnel ventilation control device according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation of the leakage amount of the harmful substance is based on a total sum of the leakage amounts calculated for each control cycle.   The tunnel ventilation control device according to claim 3, wherein the control target value of the leakage amount of the harmful substance is a leakage amount calculated for each control cycle from the total leakage amount of the harmful substance allowed until the end of the day. A tunnel ventilation control device, which is based on a value calculated by subtracting the sum of the above.   The tunnel ventilation control device according to claim 1, wherein the selection means for selecting the air volume evaluates not only the leakage amount of harmful substances from the tunnel well opening but also the smoke concentration distribution or the power used by the ventilation equipment for the purpose of control. Tunnel ventilation control device, characterized by selecting the air volume.   6. The tunnel ventilation control apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising priority order setting means for setting a priority order for the control purpose.   The tunnel ventilation control device according to claim 1, wherein the harmful substance balance calculation means performs a balance calculation of harmful substances from a ratio of air volume between the main line and the branch portion.

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