JP2013087465A - Tunnel ventilation control apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel ventilation control apparatus in which power can be saved further by performing an irreducibly minimum air ventilating operation while taking into account natural air ventilation.SOLUTION: In a tunnel ventilation system including one or more exhaust ports 4 within a tunnel pit 1, a tunnel ventilation control apparatus comprises vehicle detection means 10 which detects a passing vehicle 5, wind direction/wind velocity detection means 9 which detects a wind direction/wind velocity within the tunnel pit and any one of contaminant concentration detection means 7 and 8 which detect the concentration of a contaminant which is generated in the tunnel pit. The tunnel ventilation control apparatus further comprises arithmetic means which calculates the required operation amount of a ventilation device from one or more measurement results among results measured by the vehicle detection means 10, the wind direction/wind velocity detection means 9 and the contaminant concentration detection means 7 and 8, means which measures the quantity of ventilation air generated by effects of the nature or the like in addition to the quantity of air exhausted from the exhaust ports 4 by the ventilation device, and arithmetic means which arithmetically operates the operation amount of the ventilation device to be finally required from the required operation amount of the ventilation device and the quantity of ventilation air generated by the nature or the like.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel ventilation control device.

  In a motorway tunnel, ventilation is performed by various ventilation devices in order to maintain the concentration of pollutants (smoke, carbon monoxide) generated in a tunnel mine by a traveling vehicle below a predetermined concentration. In particular, in the case of a tunnel in which the distance between the tunnel well and the other well is long, a concentrated exhaust port is provided in the tunnel tunnel, and the air in the tunnel is often ventilated by discharging the air in the tunnel.

  In the tunnel ventilation system with such a configuration, as described above, the ventilation device is operated to reduce the pollutant to a predetermined concentration or less, and is stopped when the pollutant is less than the predetermined concentration to reduce power consumption. To do. In order to perform these controls efficiently, estimate the amount of operation of an appropriate ventilation system based on the results of measurement of traffic volume, wind direction, wind speed, smoke concentration (fog permeability), carbon monoxide concentration, etc. in the tunnel mine. Has been done.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, the concentration distribution is obtained by calculating the advection diffusion equation for the pollutant concentration in the tunnel mine from the above measured values, and the ventilation pressure in the tunnel mine is estimated, A method for estimating the amount of operation is shown.

  On the other hand, in a tunnel with a central exhaust port, when the exhaust fan is not operated, the dampers in the central exhaust duct may be opened in anticipation of ventilation without relying on the exhaust fan power. is there.

  Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a method of using wind pressure acting on a central exhaust port as part of ventilation power.

JP 2007-315143 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-311097

  In a tunnel ventilation system provided with a central exhaust port, there is a case where ventilation is performed or assisted by natural force that does not depend on a ventilation device as in Patent Document 2 described above.

  On the other hand, the amount of air discharged from the exhaust port used when determining the control amount is the design air amount of the exhaust fan or the air amount as the control amount, and the air amount due to the natural force is not considered. For this reason, even if there is a ventilation effect due to natural forces, ventilation control is performed without taking this into consideration, so there is a possibility that the exhaust fan will be operated more than necessary and that power will be consumed and power saving will not be achieved. was there.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel ventilation control device that saves more power by performing minimum ventilation operation in consideration of ventilation by natural force.

  In order to achieve the above object, a tunnel ventilation system having one or more exhaust ports in a tunnel mine, wherein the tunnel ventilation system includes vehicle detection means for detecting a vehicle passing through a tunnel, and a wind direction in the tunnel mine. In a tunnel ventilation control apparatus comprising any one or more of wind direction / wind speed detection means for detecting wind speed and contaminant concentration detection means for detecting the concentration of contaminants generated in the tunnel mine, the tunnel ventilation system comprises: Calculation means for calculating a required operating amount of the ventilator from one or more measurement results among the results measured by the vehicle detection means, the wind direction / wind speed detection means, and the pollutant concentration detection means, and the ventilator Means for measuring the ventilation air volume caused by the influence of natural force, etc. in addition to the air volume exhausted from the exhaust port due to the ventilation pressure And the required operation amount of the ventilator is accomplished by having a calculating means for calculating an operation amount of the actual ventilator from the ventilation air volume caused by natural forces, or the like.

  In order to achieve the above object, preferably, the tunnel ventilation system includes a tunnel wellhead provided in the tunnel and a pressure measuring means between openings to the outside of the tunnel such as an air supply / exhaust air channel.

  In order to achieve the above object, the tunnel ventilation system preferably includes a tunnel well opening provided in the tunnel and a wind speed measuring means in the vicinity of the opening to the outside of the tunnel such as an air supply / exhaust air passage.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a more energy-saving tunnel ventilation control apparatus can be provided by performing the minimum ventilation operation in consideration of the ventilation by natural force.

1 is an overall configuration diagram of a tunnel ventilation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram of ventilation control concerning the example of the present invention. It is a whole block diagram of the tunnel ventilation system which concerns on the 2nd Example of this invention. It is a block diagram of ventilation control concerning the 2nd example of the present invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

A first embodiment according to the present invention will be described by taking a tunnel ventilation system equipped with vertical shaft concentrated exhaust as an example.
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a tunnel ventilation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  In FIG. 1, pollutants (not shown) such as smoke and carbon monoxide discharged from a traveling vehicle 5 traveling in the tunnel of the tunnel tunnel 1 are carried to the central exhaust port 4 by ventilation air in the tunnel tunnel 1. The air is exhausted to the outside through the exhaust air passage 2. Further, the exhaust fan 3 in the exhaust air duct 2 and the jet fan 6 in the tunnel tunnel 1 are arranged so that the ventilation air inside the tunnel tunnel 1 has an appropriate air volume toward the central exhaust port 4 as described above. To generate ventilation wind pressure.

  The smoke concentration in the tunnel mine 1 at this time is measured by the smoke transmission meter 7 installed in the mine tunnel. The carbon monoxide concentration is measured by a carbon monoxide concentration meter 8. The wind direction and wind speed are measured by the wind direction anemometer 9. Further, the number of traveling vehicles 5 traveling in the tunnel is measured by a traffic meter 10 installed near or in the tunnel tunnel.

  Furthermore, an anemometer 11a is installed near the tunnel well 1a, an anemometer 11b is installed near the tunnel well 1b, and an anemometer 11c is installed near the exit of the exhaust air passage 2 to measure the wind speed around the well opening and the exhaust air passage outlet. Yes.

Here, the block diagram of ventilation control is shown in FIG.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of ventilation control according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  In FIG. 2, the values measured by the haze transmittance meter 7, the carbon monoxide concentration meter 8, the wind direction anemometer 9, the traffic meter 10, and the like are transmitted to the ventilation model computing device 13. The ventilation model computing device 13 estimates the concentration distribution state of the pollutant in the tunnel mine 1 using the measured value. Further, the ventilation amount calculation device 14 calculates a required operation amount of the ventilation device based on the result of the ventilation model calculation device 13. The ventilation air in the tunnel tunnel can be expressed by (Equation 1) as shown in Patent Document 1, for example.

Where ρ: air density [kg / m ³ ]
L: Tunnel tunnel length [m]
Vr: Wind speed in tunnel tunnel [m / s]
ΔPt: Traffic ventilation capacity [Pa]
ΔPr: Tunnel tunnel pressure loss [Pa]
ΔPj: Ventilation pressure by jet fan [Pa]
ΔPk: Ventilation pressure by exhaust fan [Pa]
ΔPn: natural ventilation [Pa]

Necessary ventilation wind pressures ΔPk and ΔPj can be obtained by calculating the above (Equation 1) for the tunnel mine 1 and the exhaust air passage 2.

  Here, the traffic ventilation power ΔPt and the mine pressure loss ΔPr can be calculated from the measurement results of the anemometer 9 and the traffic meter 10 shown in FIG. Natural ventilation power ΔPn cannot be determined from the above measured values.

  By the way, as shown in FIG. 1, in the tunnel mine 1 equipped with the resisting concentrated exhaust, the exhaust fans 3 and the jet fans 6 are controlled in accordance with the number of traveling vehicles 5 and the amount of contamination concentration as described above. Therefore, in recent years when power saving is screamed, the exhaust operation control based on the operation of only the exhaust fan 3 and the jet fan 6 cannot be said to be suitable for power saving. Therefore, for example, a combination with the natural environment in addition to the exhaust by the haiku machine 3 and the jet fan 6 can be considered as in Patent Document 2 described above.

  From this, the inventors of the present invention have studied various applications of exhaust in the natural environment, and as a result, it has been found that it is impossible to grasp how much natural exhaust in the natural environment contributes to ventilation as a tunnel. . In other words, the exhaust information from the natural environment is not reflected in the control of the tunnel ventilation system.

  Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the natural ventilation force calculation means 12 uses the measurement results of the anemometers 11a, 11b, and 11c provided outside the tunnel wellheads 1a and 1b and the exhaust air passage 2 for natural ventilation force. ΔPn is obtained. In other words, after estimating the amount of exhaust due to the natural environment, this estimate is reflected in the tunnel exhaust control to save power.

  Now, let ΔPna [Pa] be the natural ventilation force that works between the tunnel well 1a and the outlet of the exhaust air passage 2, and ΔPnb [Pa] that let the natural ventilation work between the tunnel well 1b and the outlet of the exhaust air passage 2 Then, from Bernoulli's law, it can be expressed as (Equation 2).

  That is, when a wind like arrow A blows near the opening of the exhaust air passage 2 (near the summit), the wind (arrow B) in the tunnel mine 1 is sucked into the exhaust air passage 2 by the so-called Venturi effect. become.

However, va: measured value of anemometer 11a [m / s]
vb: Anemometer 11b measurement [m / s]
vc: Anemometer 11c measurement [m / s]

By substituting the natural ventilation force obtained in this way into (Equation 1), it is possible to obtain the minimum ventilation air pressures ΔPk and ΔPj that require the natural force.

  In this embodiment, the natural ventilation force acting between the tunnel well 1a and the outlet of the exhaust air passage 2 is calculated from the result of the tunnel external anemometer. For example, a slight differential pressure gauge (pressure measuring means) is used. However, the same effect can be obtained.

  Further, when the wind speed near the tunnel wells 1a and 1b is considered to be sufficiently lower than the wind speed outside the exhaust air passage 2 due to topography and weather conditions, the anemometers 11a and 11b (wind speed measuring means) are omitted. It is also possible.

  A second embodiment according to the present invention will be described by taking a tunnel ventilation system provided with a shaft concentrated exhaust as an example.

FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram of a tunnel ventilation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of ventilation control according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
3 and 4, in the present embodiment, wind direction anemometers 9a, 9b, and 9c are provided in the tunnel well 1a, tunnel well 1b, and exhaust air passage 2, respectively. When the exhaust fan 3 is not operating, the necessary ventilation amount Qk [m ³ / s] is calculated from the result of the ventilation model computing device 13 in FIG. 4 as in the first embodiment. Further, the natural ventilation amount calculating device 15 calculates the air volume of the exhaust air passage 2 from the result of the anemometer 9c, that is, the ventilation volume Qn [m ³ / s] due to natural force. The final required ventilation volume Q [m ³ / s] is

Therefore, when Q ≦ 0, the exhaust fan 3 does not continue to operate.

  In addition, since the total amount of incoming and outgoing air at the tunnel wellhead and the exhaust air passage is zero, it is possible to omit one of the anemometers 9a, 9b, and 9c.

  The above method is considered to have an effect of reducing the amount of operation in the tunnel ventilation system in which the exhaust fan is activated and stopped according to the traffic volume.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the ventilation device can be controlled in consideration of the ventilation effect from the exhaust port by natural force. Therefore, when the natural force is ventilated, the operation amount of the ventilator is reduced. Reduced power consumption can be suppressed.

  Further, even when ventilation by natural force is not performed, the ventilation device can be operated according to the situation, and the concentration of the contaminant in the tunnel mine can be suppressed to a predetermined value or less.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel mine 1a Tunnel mine 1b Tunnel mine 2 Exhaust air channel 3 Exhaust machine 4 Concentrated exhaust 5 Traveling vehicle 6 Jet fan 7 Smoke permeability meter 8 Carbon monoxide concentration meter 9 Wind anemometer 9a Wind anemometer 9b Wind anemometer 9c Wind direction anemometer 10 Traffic meter 11a Anemometer 11b Anemometer 11c Anemometer 12 Natural ventilation force calculation device 13 Ventilation model calculation device 14 Exhaust amount calculation device 15 Natural ventilation amount calculation device

Claims (3)

A tunnel ventilation system with one or more exhaust holes in a tunnel mine,
The tunnel ventilation system includes vehicle detection means for detecting a vehicle passing through a tunnel, wind direction / wind speed detection means for detecting a wind direction / wind speed in the tunnel mine, and a pollutant concentration for detecting a concentration of a contaminant generated in the tunnel mine. In a tunnel ventilation control device provided with any one or more of detection means,
The tunnel ventilation system is a computing means for calculating a required operating amount of the ventilation device from one or more measurement results of the results measured by the vehicle detection means, the wind direction / wind speed detection means, and the pollutant concentration detection means. When,
Means for measuring the ventilation air volume generated by the influence of natural force other than the air volume discharged from the exhaust port by the ventilation pressure generated by the ventilator;
A tunnel ventilation control device comprising: a required operation amount of the ventilator and a calculation means for calculating an actual operation amount of the ventilator from a ventilation airflow generated by the natural force or the like. The tunnel ventilation control device according to claim 1,
The tunnel ventilation system includes a tunnel wellhead provided in the tunnel, and pressure measuring means between openings to the outside of the tunnel such as an air supply / exhaust air passage. The tunnel ventilation control device according to claim 1,
The tunnel ventilation system includes a tunnel wellhead provided in the tunnel, and a wind speed measuring means in the vicinity of an opening to the outside of the tunnel such as an air supply / exhaust air passage.

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