JP2008264763A - Decomposition apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new decomposition apparatus capable of taking out and recovering reaction liquid efficiently in a short time from a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor, in decomposition of plastic in a supercritical or subcritical state. <P>SOLUTION: The decomposition apparatus comprises: the reactor 1 that hydrothermally decomposes plastic in a supercritical or subcritical state; and a take-out part of the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction liquid 2 from the inside of the reactor 1, wherein the take-out part comprises (A) a cooler 4 that takes out and cools the reaction liquid, (B) a pressure regulation valve 5 on the outlet side or inlet side of the cooler and (C) a control means that detects the temperature of the outlet of the cooler and adjusts the opening of the pressure regulation valve such that the temperature of the reaction liquid becomes the boiling point or less. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a decomposition apparatus for hydrothermally decomposing waste plastics or the like in a supercritical or subcritical state.

  Conventionally, for example, detoxifying and decomposing harmful substances, decomposing and recycling food waste, etc., or decomposing plastic waste and synthesizing raw materials for plastics such as organic acids and alcohols and FRP In order to collect and recycle the reinforcing fibers, etc., it has been proposed as a configuration of various apparatuses to decompose by a supercritical or subcritical hydrothermal reaction.

  However, in the decomposition of plastics in a supercritical or subcritical state, there is a case where glass fibers or carbon fibers are recovered from FRP (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and a material containing crushed granular plastic is included. Since the treatment liquid mixture is in the form of a solid-liquid mixed slurry, there is a problem that it is not always easy to continuously supply the raw material into the reaction tank and continuously take out the reaction liquid from the reaction tank. The reason for this is that, firstly, the pump for feeding the slurry liquid at high temperature and high pressure is expensive, and problems such as wear of parts due to solid matter are likely to occur, and secondly, the reactivity. This is because it is difficult to discharge the entire amount of unreacted solids remaining in the reaction tank while ensuring the above. In particular, when the plastic is FRP (fiber reinforced plastic), inorganic components such as glass fiber having a high specific gravity and calcium carbonate remain unreacted, and it is difficult to discharge the reaction solution with these components having high sedimentation properties.

  Therefore, in such a case, a batch type reaction apparatus is employed. The batch system is a batch process, and the input raw material is extracted as it is after the reaction of one batch. When removing the reaction product from the reaction vessel, the reaction vessel is in a supercritical or subcritical state and is in a high temperature / high pressure state, so the reaction vessel must be cooled to room temperature. . Moreover, in order to take out the decomposition product, it is necessary to reduce the pressure in the reaction tank to normal pressure.

However, in solid-liquid reactions such as plastic decomposition, installing a heat exchanger for cooling inside the reaction tank
・ Solid adhering to the heat exchanger ・ It is difficult for reasons such as a decrease in stirring efficiency. For this reason, methods such as spontaneous cooling or putting a refrigerant in the external jacket of the reaction tank have been adopted. However, since the reaction tank is a pressure vessel, it is made of metal and is thick, so that it is difficult to cool it from the outside alone, and there is a problem that it takes time for cooling.

  On the other hand, an open / close valve is provided in the reaction tank, and the open / close valve is opened to release the gas from the decomposition tank to depressurize the reaction tank. It is also considered to shorten the cooling time compared to natural cooling. Moreover, the inside of the tank can be reduced to atmospheric pressure by opening the on-off valve and releasing the gas from the reaction tank in this way. And when opening the on-off valve and depressurizing the inside of the decomposition tank, as the on-off valve is greatly opened to increase the pressure reducing speed, the time for cooling to room temperature and the time for returning to atmospheric pressure can be shortened. However, if the decompression speed is increased, bumping is likely to occur in the decomposition tank, and the fluid in the reaction tank may flow out of the on-off valve due to bumping. On the other hand, if the pressure reduction rate is slowed to prevent bumping, the time for cooling to room temperature and the time for returning to atmospheric pressure become longer, causing problems in productivity.

  In view of the above circumstances, conventionally, there is a limitation in improving productivity because a time burden is large in taking out the reaction solution from the decomposition tank.

  Of course, taking out of the reaction liquid from the decomposition tank has been conventionally studied not only in plastic decomposition but also in various decomposition reactions in a supercritical or subcritical state. Conventionally, in order to take out a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction liquid from a decomposition tank, it has been considered to provide a cooler that takes out and cools the reaction liquid, and a pressure adjusting valve on the outlet side of the cooler (for example, Patent Document 2). -6). In addition, in the decomposition equipment for harmful substances such as dioxins and PCBs, it is considered that the state of the reaction liquid from the decomposition tank is determined as detection of carbon dioxide gas or oxygen gas, thereby controlling the amount of dilution water input to the decomposition tank. (Patent Document 7).

However, in taking out these reaction solutions, little consideration is given to how quickly the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction solution is cooled. For this reason, it is practical to reduce the time burden of taking out the reaction liquid, and in particular, to reduce the time burden in the decomposition of plastic as a solid-liquid reaction system containing solids. The fact is not.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-87872 JP 2002-102869 A JP 2002-113347 A JP 2003-236570 A JP 2003-320240 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-181406 JP 2006-732 A

  The present invention eliminates the conventional problems from the background as described above, and efficiently removes the reaction liquid from the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction tank in a short time in the decomposition of plastics in the supercritical or subcritical state. It is an object to provide a new disassembling apparatus that can be collected.

  The decomposition apparatus of the present invention is characterized by the following.

1st: In the decomposition apparatus provided with the extraction part of the reaction liquid of the high temperature / high pressure from the inside of a reaction tank with the reaction tank which hydroly decomposes to-be-decomposed material in a supercritical or subcritical state,
(A) a cooler that takes out and cools the reaction solution;
(B) a pressure regulating valve on the outlet side or inlet side of the cooler;
(C) Control means for detecting the temperature of the reaction solution at the outlet of the cooler and adjusting the opening of the pressure adjustment valve so that the temperature of the reaction solution is equal to or lower than the boiling point.

  Second: In the decomposition apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, the take-out part is provided with a take-out part for the supernatant liquid of the reaction liquid containing solids.

  Third: The supernatant liquid take-out port portion is disposed so as to change the reaction liquid take-out position following the water level in the reaction tank.

  Fourth: A plurality of supernatant liquid take-out ports are provided apart in the depth direction of the reaction tank.

  Fifth: In the decomposition apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth inventions, means for refluxing the reaction liquid taken out from the cooler to the reaction tank is provided.

  Sixth: In the decomposition apparatus according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the invention, a liquid supply is provided on the outlet side of the cooler so that the liquid to be supplied into the reaction tank can be supplied to the reaction tank via the cooler. Means are provided.

  According to said 1st invention, (C) When the outlet temperature of a cooler is higher than preset temperature by (C) the control means which adjusts the opening degree of a pressure regulation valve, (B) The pressure regulation valve is throttled, If it is low, open and adjust the reaction liquid temperature to be lower than the boiling point of the reaction liquid, which is the set temperature. Therefore, the internal pressure of the reaction tank becomes lower than atmospheric pressure and the pressure adjustment valve is fully opened to discharge the entire reaction liquid. The reaction liquid take-out speed up to the above is greatly improved as compared with the prior art, and it becomes possible to significantly shorten the one-cycle processing time of the temperature rise, reaction, and take-out in the decomposition apparatus. The pressure regulating valve may be disposed on the outlet side of the cooler, or may be disposed on the inlet side of the cooler. In the latter case, since the adjustment of the opening of the pressure regulating valve is performed on the inlet side of the cooler, there is an advantage of reducing the equipment cost since the pressure from the reaction tank is not applied to the cooler as the equipment.

In addition, according to the second aspect of the present invention, the reaction liquid supernatant liquid outlet is provided. When the reaction is a solid-liquid reaction and a part of the solid remains after the reaction, a slurry-like reaction liquid is obtained. When the mixing operation is stopped, the liquid content at the top and the solid content at the bottom settle, but by removing only the supernatant liquid, only the liquid with a low solid content can be recovered, preventing the clogging of the cooler and pressure regulating valve. Can do.
In addition, the solid content settled on the bottom can be discharged through a path that does not pass through the cooler and the pressure control valve in a state where the liquid is discharged and the internal pressure is lowered.

  According to the third invention in which the take-out port portion for taking out the supernatant liquid follows the decomposition tank water level, it is possible to take out the liquid with the highest clarity at all times, and the clogging of the cooler and pressure regulating valve due to the solid content is possible. It becomes possible to suppress the cause more effectively.

  In the fourth invention having a plurality of outlets on the side surface of the reaction tank, the outlet can be lowered gradually as the liquid level decreases, so the above effect is more clearly noticeable. Realized as a thing.

  According to the fifth aspect of the invention comprising the reflux means for returning the liquid taken out from the cooler into the reaction tank, when the reaction liquid is discharged in a high-temperature and high-pressure state, the reaction tank inner wall is reduced as the liquid level in the reaction tank decreases. Although there is a possibility that the solid content is fixed, the liquid level is not changed by returning the liquid taken out from the cooler to the reaction tank again, and there is no possibility of fixing. What is necessary is just to take out from a reaction tank, when the reaction tank becomes 100 degrees C or less.

  Further, according to the sixth aspect of the invention, the reaction liquid component can be supplied into the reaction tank through the cooler on the outlet side of the cooler. When the reaction liquid is in the form of a solid-liquid mixed slurry, Although there is a concern about the sticking of the regulating valve, cleaning can be performed by supplying the liquid used for the next reaction from the outlet side of the cooler.

  The decomposition apparatus of the present invention has the characteristics as described above, and includes recovery of plastic raw materials such as organic acids and alcohols by decomposition of plastic, recovery of inorganic substances such as reinforcing fibers in FRP, dioxin, PCB Applied to the recovery of organic acids such as amino acids, amino acids, alcohols, etc. by decomposition of food protein waste such as fish, meat, etc. It will be.

Accordingly, the embodiment of the decomposition apparatus of the present invention will be described below by way of example. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
<Embodiment 1>
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the disassembling apparatus of the first invention. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the decomposition apparatus of the present invention includes at least a discharge on-off valve 3 as a part for taking out a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction liquid 2 from the reaction tank 1 together with the reaction tank 1. A cooler 4, a pressure adjustment valve 5, and a temperature detector 6 are provided. The pressure regulating valve 5 is provided on the outlet side of the cooler 4, and the temperature detector 6 detects the temperature of the reaction liquid at the outlet of the cooler 4 so that the temperature of the reaction liquid taken out is equal to or lower than the boiling point. A control means for adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve 5 is configured.

  More specifically, for example, in order to take out the reaction liquid 2 in a high temperature and high pressure state at a temperature higher than the boiling point of the reaction liquid and a pressure higher than normal pressure, the discharge on-off valve 3 is opened and the cooler 4 The reaction liquid cooled by the cooling water 7 is discharged as a liquid by opening the pressure regulating valve 5. The opening of the pressure regulating valve 5 is adjusted by the temperature of the reaction liquid at the outlet of the cooler 4. The degree of opening is adjusted by directly or indirectly detecting the temperature of the reaction liquid at the outlet by the temperature detector 6, and when the outlet temperature is higher than the set boiling point temperature of the reaction liquid, the pressure regulating valve 5 is throttled. And, if low, by opening. Such adjustment of the opening degree is performed until the internal pressure in the reaction tank 1 becomes equal to or lower than the atmospheric pressure, the pressure adjustment valve 5 is fully opened, and the total amount of the reaction solution is discharged.

  Conventionally, the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve 5 is not adjusted by such outlet temperature. For this reason, it was difficult to take out the reaction solution in a short time, but according to the decomposition apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to take out even the reaction solution in a high temperature and high pressure state by controlling the cooling of the reaction solution. Therefore, discharge after the reaction in a short time becomes possible.

  In the above configuration, for example, the reaction tank 1 is formed in a cylindrical shape and is made pressure-resistant, and a discharge pipe is connected to the bottom of the reaction tank 1, and a discharge on-off valve 3 is provided in the discharge pipe. The cooler 4 and the pressure regulating valve 5 are connected. And the reaction liquid after reaction is taken out through these. The cooler 4 is a cylindrical multi-tube heat exchanger or the like. Between the cooler 4 and the pressure regulating valve 5, a temperature detector 6 for detecting the temperature of the reaction liquid after cooling is provided. The temperature detector 6 is electrically connected to the control means of the pressure regulating valve 5 so that the opening and closing of the pressure regulating valve 5 can be controlled according to the reaction liquid temperature at the outlet of the cooler 4 detected by the temperature detector 6. It is. It is assumed that the opening of the pressure adjusting valve 5 can be adjusted continuously.

  Further, a pressure detector 8 formed by a pressure gauge or the like for measuring the pressure in the reaction tank 1 is provided at the upper part of the reaction tank 1. A heating means 9 formed of a heater, a heat medium jacket or the like is provided on the outer periphery of the reaction tank 1, and a reaction tank temperature detector 10 formed of a temperature sensor or the like is provided inserted into the reaction tank 1. While heating the reaction tank 1 with the heating means 9 while detecting the temperature in the reaction tank with the reaction tank temperature detector 10, the heating means 9 is controlled based on the detected temperature, and at the optimum temperature. It can be heated. Further, the reaction tank 1 is provided with a stirring means 11 for mixing the plastic and the fluid charged into the reaction tank 1. Although it does not restrict | limit especially as a plastic decomposed | disassembled in this invention, Thermosetting resins, such as unsaturated polyester resin, can be used. Then, the plastic is pulverized and granulated so that the decomposition reaction is easy, and is introduced into the reaction tank 1 from a raw material liquid supply pipe 12 or the like together with a fluid such as water.

  The plastic and fluid supply methods may be supplied separately, or the powdered powder and plastic fluid are stirred in a pretreatment tank to form a slurry, and then fed through a supply pipe with a liquid feed pump. A slurry of plastic and fluid may be supplied into the reaction vessel 1.

  In addition, it is possible to prevent plastic powder particles from sinking into the lower part of the tank and making it difficult to undergo a decomposition reaction, or to prevent plastic powder particles from adhering to the inner surface of the reaction tank 1 during heating. In order to improve the stirring and mixing properties of the plastic powder particles to the fluid and to improve the reaction efficiency with the fluid, such as preventing, it is preferable to use the plastic after pulverization so that the maximum particle size is 30 mm or less. The smaller the maximum particle size of the plastic, the better.

  In disassembling and recovering the plastic, first, a mixed slurry of fluid such as plastic and water is supplied into the reaction tank 1. After supplying the plastic and the fluid to the reaction tank 1 in this manner, the reaction tank 1 is sealed, and the plastic and the fluid are heated by the heating means 9 while being stirred by the stirring means 11.

  Then, heating is performed while detecting the internal temperature of the reaction tank 1 with the reaction tank temperature detector 10 and the internal pressure of the reaction tank 1 with the pressure detector 8, and the heating is controlled according to the detected temperature and pressure. Thus, the temperature and pressure at which the fluid in the reaction tank 1 becomes supercritical or subcritical is maintained, and the plastic is decomposed using the fluid in the supercritical or subcritical state as a reaction catalyst. For example, when using unsaturated polyester resin as the plastic and water as the fluid, adjust the temperature and pressure to 180 to 250 ° C. and 1.0 to 4.0 MPa to maintain the water in the supercritical state or subcritical state. By reacting for 30 minutes to 4 hours, the unsaturated polyester resin can be transesterified and hydrolyzed to a monomer such as a styrene maleic acid copolymer or a polyhydric alcohol.

After the completion of the reaction, when the discharge on-off valve 3 is opened, the reaction liquid 2 is discharged to the cooler 4, but the temperature at the outlet of the cooler 4 is less than the saturation temperature (100 ° C. for water) at the normal pressure of the liquid. Since the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve 5 is controlled, the liquid is discharged as a liquid when the pressure regulating valve 5 is opened to the atmosphere through the cooler 4. Conventionally, when the liquid temperature is lowered, the effect of liquid temperature cooling due to the heat of vaporization of the liquid due to the reduced pressure is small, and it takes much time to cool in the tank rather than letting it cool through a thick reaction tank. However, the discharge time can be shortened by directly extracting the reaction liquid 2 and cooling it with the external cooler 4 according to the present invention.
<Embodiment 2>
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the decomposition apparatus of the first invention as in FIG. 1, but in FIG. 1, the pressure regulating valve 5 is provided on the outlet side of the cooler 4, In the present embodiment, adjustment of the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve 5 according to the temperature of the reaction liquid 2 at the outlet of the cooler 4 detected by the temperature detector 6 is provided on the inlet side of the cooler 4. Done on the entrance side.

In Embodiment 1, the reaction liquid 2 in a high temperature and high pressure state is discharged to the cooler 4 when the discharge on-off valve 3 is opened after completion of the reaction in the reaction tank 1, but in this configuration, the reaction liquid in a high temperature and high pressure state is discharged. Since 2 is sent to the cooler 4 via the pressure regulating valve 5, the pressure from the reaction tank 1 is not applied to the cooler 4 as compared with the configuration of the first embodiment. Therefore, the pressure resistance performance of the cooler 4 can be reduced, and there is a merit that the facility is simplified, and the facility cost can be reduced.
<Embodiment 3>
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating another example. In this example, a pressure regulating valve 13 and a cooler 14 for cooling by decompression are provided in the reaction tank 1. In this configuration, until the middle stage (when the reaction temperature is 230 ° C., for example, up to 150 ° C.), the pressure regulating valve 13 is opened and cooling is performed under reduced pressure. In the same manner as described above, the reaction solution 2 is taken out. The above-mentioned reduced-pressure cooling is a method in which the pressure in the reaction tank 1 is reduced by opening the pressure regulating valve 13 to release gas from the reaction tank 1 to remove latent heat, and the liquid in the reaction tank 1 is cooled. The gas discharged from 1 is cooled and liquefied by the cooler 14 to recover the liquid.

  When the cooling effect due to vaporization is relatively high, the cooling is performed under reduced pressure, and by directly discharging in the latter half when the cooling effect due to vaporization is relatively weak, the discharge time is further shortened, and the pressure regulating performance of the pressure regulating valve 5 and the cooler 4 ( In the case of about 230 ° C., 2.8 MPa, and in case of 150 ° C., 0.5 MPa) is small, and there is an advantage that the equipment is simplified. Further, the heat resistance performance is the same, the cooling performance of the cooler 4 can be small, and the equipment cost of the cooler 4 itself can be reduced.

  The decompression cooling and the discharge from the discharge opening / closing valve 3 may be performed simultaneously, or only the decompression cooling is performed partway, and the decompression cooling and the discharge from the discharge opening / closing valve 3 may be used thereafter.

3, the pressure regulating valve 5 is provided on the outlet side of the cooler 4, but the pressure regulating valve 5 is provided on the inlet side of the cooler 4 as shown in FIG. 2. It may be.
<Embodiment 4>
When the plastic is FRP (fiber reinforced plastic), the resin is dissolved, but the glass fiber and the inorganic filler (calcium carbonate, etc.) remain as solids after the reaction without being dissolved. In such a case, when the mixing operation such as stirring after the reaction is stopped, the liquid content is settled at the top and the solid content is settled at the bottom.

  Therefore, taking out only the supernatant of the reaction solution is an effective means. FIG. 4 shows an example of an embodiment according to the second invention for that purpose. A take-out port 15 connected to the discharge on-off valve 3 is installed on the side surface of the reaction tank 1 to take out the supernatant liquid.

  For example, specifically, the take-out port 15 connected to the discharge on-off valve 3 is provided on the side surface of the reaction tank 1 at a position higher than 1/3 of the overall height of the reaction tank 1 when viewed from the bottom. When stirring is stopped when the reaction solution 2 is discharged, undissolved solids settle and accumulate at the bottom. Thereafter, the discharge on-off valve 3 is opened, and the supernatant liquid containing almost no solid content of the reaction liquid 2 is taken out by the same operation as in the first embodiment. After discharging the supernatant liquid, the solid matter is discharged from the on-off valve 16. The bottom of the reaction vessel 1 is shaped like a bowl and is easy to discharge, and the opening / closing valve 16 has a large diameter corresponding to the solid matter.

  By removing only the supernatant liquid, only the liquid having a small solid content can be recovered, and the cooler 4 and the pressure regulating valve 5 can be prevented from being blocked. The solid content settled at the bottom is discharged through a path that does not pass through the cooler 4 and the pressure control valve 5 in a state where the reaction liquid 2 is discharged and the internal pressure is lowered.

  In such a configuration, as in the third aspect of the invention, it is also effective that the take-out port 15 for extracting the supernatant liquid can follow the water level in the reaction tank 1. This can be realized, for example, by means such as providing in the reaction tank 1 a float type take-out pipe that follows the water level by buoyancy. Or the system like the following Embodiment 5 is also considered.

  By providing a takeout port portion that follows the water level, it is possible to always take out the liquid with the highest clarity, and there is no discharge of solids that cause clogging of the cooler and the pressure regulating valve.

4, the pressure regulating valve 5 is provided on the outlet side of the cooler 4, but the pressure regulating valve 5 is provided on the inlet side of the cooler 4 as shown in FIG. It may be.
<Embodiment 5>
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the disassembling apparatus of the fourth invention.

  A plurality of discharge open / close valves 3 are provided in the depth direction of the reaction tank 1, and the lower discharge open / close valve 3 opens to discharge the reaction liquid 2 according to discharge. Control for opening the discharge on-off valve 3 may be performed by a timer or by detecting the water level of the reaction tank 1. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to discharge to a place where the liquid level of the reaction tank 1 is lower.

5, the pressure regulating valve 5 is provided on the outlet side of the cooler 4, but the pressure regulating valve 5 is provided on the inlet side of the cooler 4 as shown in FIG. 2. It may be.
<Embodiment 6>
FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the disassembling apparatus of the fifth invention.

  As described above, when the plastic is FRP (fiber reinforced plastic), the resin dissolves, but the glass fiber, the inorganic filler (calcium carbonate, etc.), etc. do not dissolve but remain in the reaction solution 2 after the reaction as a solid content. . In that case, when the reaction liquid 2 is taken out as in the first, second and third embodiments, the liquid level is lowered in a state where the main body of the reaction tank 1 is not cooled, so that solid matter adheres to the inner wall surface of the reaction tank 1. Later cleaning can be cumbersome. Therefore, in the decomposition apparatus of FIG. 6, the reaction liquid 2 cooled and depressurized via the cooler 4 and the pressure regulating valve 5 is returned to the reaction tank 1 again by the transfer means 17 such as a liquid feed pump, and the reaction is performed by this reflux. The reaction liquid 2 temperature is lowered without reducing the liquid level in the tank 1. When the liquid temperature falls to the discharge temperature, the entire reaction solution is discharged from the discharge path 18 that does not pass through the cooler 4.

6, the pressure regulating valve 5 is provided on the outlet side of the cooler 4, but the pressure regulating valve 5 is provided on the inlet side of the cooler 4 as shown in FIG. It may be.
<Embodiment 7>
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the disassembling apparatus of the sixth invention.

  This example is also an application example in the case where the solid matter remains as in the sixth embodiment. In the case of such a reaction liquid 2, it is conceivable that solid matter adheres to the inner wall of the cooler 4 or the pressure regulating valve 5 at the time of discharge, and as a result, it is blocked. Therefore, in this example, the raw material liquid supply pipe 19 is connected to the outlet side of the pressure regulating valve 5 when the liquid is supplied into the reaction tank 1 for the next reaction after the reaction liquid 2 in the reaction tank 1 is removed. Then, a new liquid is supplied to the reaction tank 1 through the cooler 4, and the fixed matter is washed away with the supply liquid in the process. Even if some fixed matter enters the reaction vessel 1, the reaction is not affected. In this case, although it depends on the particle size of the plastic, it is preferable to supply only the liquid by the above route and to supply the crushed plastic separately.

  7, the pressure adjustment valve 5 is provided on the outlet side of the cooler 4, but the pressure adjustment valve 5 is provided on the inlet side of the cooler 4 as shown in FIG. 2. It may be. In this case, the raw material liquid supply pipe 19 is connected to the outlet side of the cooler 4, and in the same manner as described above, a new liquid is supplied to the reaction tank 1 so as to pass through the cooler 4 and the pressure regulating valve 5. To wash away the solids with the feed solution.

It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus of Embodiment 1. It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus of Embodiment 2. It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus of Embodiment 3. It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus of Embodiment 4. It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus of Embodiment 5. It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus of Embodiment 6. It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus of Embodiment 7.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reaction tank 2 Reaction liquid 3 Discharge on-off valve 4 Cooler 5 Pressure adjustment valve 6 Temperature detector 7 Cooling water 13 Pressure adjustment valve 14 Cooler 15 Outlet 16 On-off valve 17 Transfer means 18 Discharge path 19 Raw material liquid supply piping

Claims (6)

In a decomposition apparatus equipped with a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction liquid extraction part from the reaction tank together with a reaction tank for hydrothermally decomposing the object to be decomposed in a supercritical or subcritical state,
(A) a cooler that takes out and cools the reaction solution;
(B) a pressure regulating valve on the outlet side or inlet side of the cooler;
(C) A decomposition apparatus characterized by comprising a control means for detecting the temperature of the reaction liquid at the outlet of the cooler and adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve so that the temperature of the reaction liquid is below the boiling point.   2. The decomposition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an extraction port portion for a supernatant liquid of the reaction liquid containing a solid content is disposed in the extraction portion.   3. The decomposition apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the outlet for removing the supernatant liquid is disposed so as to be able to change the position for removing the reaction liquid following the water level in the reaction tank.   3. The decomposition apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of supernatant liquid take-out ports are disposed apart in the depth direction of the reaction tank.   The decomposition apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising means for returning the reaction liquid taken out from the cooler to the reaction tank.   6. The decomposition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a liquid supply means is provided on the outlet side of the cooler so that the liquid to be supplied into the reaction tank can be supplied to the reaction tank through the cooler. The disassembling apparatus characterized by being made.

Images