JP2008264003A - Method for cultivating crop reducing and eliminating inhibition of germination and growth caused by chemical substance - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating crop by which the inhibition of germination and growth caused by chemical substance, such as agrochemical, is reduced and eliminated. <P>SOLUTION: The crop is cultivated while reducing or eliminating inhibition activity on the germination and growth caused by the chemical substance, by bringing a porous material, such as, an activated carbon into contact with a seed, when the seed is sowed and the resultant crop is cultivated by applying the chemical substance of the agrochemical, and the like, such as a herbicidal agent, a germicidal agent, an insecticidal agent and an insecticide-fungicide combination. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a crop cultivation method in which germination growth inhibition by chemical substances such as agricultural chemicals is reduced and removed. More specifically, when seeds are sown, and when growing crops by applying chemicals such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and insecticides such as insecticides at the germination stage, contact the porous material with the seeds. It is related with the crop cultivation method which grows a crop by reducing or removing the inhibitory effect with respect to germination and growth of a chemical substance.
By the crop cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to reduce or eliminate adverse effects such as germination inhibition given to seed germination by chemical substances such as agricultural chemicals, and further growth inhibition of seedlings. It becomes possible to do.

In crop cultivation, chemical substances such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and agricultural chemicals such as insecticides are generally used. However, chemical substances such as agricultural chemicals are beneficial for crop cultivation by weed control and pest control, but on the other hand, they also have a harmful aspect of inhibiting crop growth. As a method of reducing or eliminating growth inhibition of such crops such as pesticides, a method of selecting and using a pesticide that does not have growth inhibitory action from the beginning, and further adding another compound that can reduce the phytotoxicity of the pesticide as a safener And a method of limiting the use time of agricultural chemicals to crops grown to some extent after germination.
However, when selecting a pesticide that does not have a growth inhibitory action, there are drawbacks that the pesticides that can be used are limited and the pesticides that are desired cannot be used. When a safener is used, it is difficult to select an appropriate safener, and even if it can be selected, there is a problem that the cost of agricultural chemicals increases. In the case of restricting the use time of agricultural chemicals, there is a disadvantage that the types of chemicals that can be used are limited even if the agricultural chemicals cannot be used for crops in the germination stage that require weed control.

  In recent years, direct sowing cultivation in which seeds of paddy rice are sown directly in a paddy field and cultivated is expected to spread due to the convenience of cultivation. When paddy rice is directly sown and cultivated, weeds and the like are also generated and grown at the same time as the rice germinates and grows. Therefore, it is desirable to use agrochemicals such as herbicides at the seeding and germination stages. However, as described above, when a pesticide is used in the germination stage, inhibition of crop germination by the pesticide becomes a problem. Therefore, development of a new crop cultivation method that enables the use of pesticides such as herbicides at the germination stage is particularly desired.

On the other hand, new seeds have also been developed, for example, a method of covering seeds with a gel layer containing activated carbon, and oxygen-enriching treatment to promote rooting from seeds (Patent Document 1). There has been proposed a method (Patent Document 2) for controlling seed infectious diseases with coated seeds in which the outer surface of rice brown rice is coated with a coating containing activated carbon or the like. In addition, a method for controlling bacterial diseases in paddy rice seedlings by dressing a seed meal with a porous material such as activated carbon has been proposed (Patent Document 3).
However, none of these methods uses pesticides such as herbicides at the seed germination stage, and the use of pesticides such as herbicides at the seed germination stage prevents germination and growth inhibition by pesticides. No consideration has been given to reducing or eliminating.

JP-A-9-135608 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-248017 JP-A-5-316817

  Therefore, the subject of this invention is providing the new crop cultivation method which enables use of agricultural chemicals, such as a herbicide, also in a germination stage.

As a result of intensive research aimed at solving the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have sown seeds and applied chemical substances such as pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and insecticides at the germination stage. When cultivating crops, it is possible to reduce or eliminate the inhibitory effect on the germination and growth of chemical substances by bringing the porous material into contact with seeds, so that germination and subsequent seedling growth can be effectively performed. It has been found that it is possible, and therefore crops can be cultivated very effectively, and the present invention has been completed.
Therefore, the present invention provides an inhibitory effect on chemical germination and growth by contacting a porous material with seeds in a crop cultivation method in which seeds are sown and a chemical is applied in the germination stage to grow the crop. The present invention relates to a crop cultivation method characterized by cultivating a crop with reduction or removal.

The crop cultivation method of the present invention can be used for direct sowing cultivation in which seeds are sown directly in a field or paddy field. In particular, for example, in direct sowing cultivation in which seeds of paddy rice are sown directly in paddy fields, or in cultivation in which seeds of crops are sown directly in a field, herbicides, etc. are used in the seeding and germination stages, which have been conventionally difficult. When using an agrochemical, the crop cultivation method of this invention can be used preferably. The crop cultivation method of the present invention can also be used for transplantation cultivation in which seedlings are raised and then transplanted to a field or paddy field. In particular, the crop cultivation method of the present invention can be preferably used when agrochemicals such as herbicides are used when raising seeds that have been conventionally considered difficult. The cultivation method of the present invention can also be used when seeds are sown on a support mat obtained from a phenolic resin foam and the like, and this support mat is directly installed in a paddy field, a field, or the like and directly cultivated. It can also be used for transplantation cultivation in which seedlings are grown from seeds and then transplanted to fields or paddy fields.
The seeds targeted in the present invention are not particularly limited, and any seed may be used. Examples thereof include grains such as rice, beans, buckwheat and corn, useful plants such as vegetables, turf, grass and flowering trees. The seed may be either a sprouting seed or an unsprouting seed.
In the present invention, such a seed can be sown and a chemical substance can be used in the germination stage. Examples of such chemical substances include agrochemicals such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, insecticides and fungicides, and other chemical substances that adversely affect germination and seedling growth of crops.

In the present invention, by bringing the porous substance into contact with the seed, the inhibitory action on the germination and growth of the chemical substance can be reduced or removed, and germination and further subsequent seedling growth can be performed effectively. The porous substance used in the present invention usually refers to a substance having a microporous structure with a particle size of 30 nm or less, preferably 1 to 20 nm. The porous substance is usually preferably in a powdered state, and the particle size thereof is not particularly limited. Examples of such a porous substance include wood powder, charcoal (coking coal), grass charcoal (peat), sawdust, sawdust, hard wood chip, firewood charcoal, coconut charcoal, husk charcoal, and sugar waste (bagasse). , Plant charcoal steamed at 700-800 ° C at high temperature using waste molasses as raw material; plant activated carbon activated by plant charcoal; lignite, lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite, oil carbon, phenolic resin, lime pitch, petroleum Coal-based carbides steamed at 700-800 ° C. at high temperatures using pitch or the like as raw materials; Coal-based activated carbons activated with coal-based carbides; Include inorganic substances. Of these, plant-based activated carbon and coal-based activated carbon are desirable. Here, as a method of activation, there are mainly a water vapor activation method and a chemical activation method. The former is a method in which raw materials and heated steam are fed into a furnace, activated at 800 to 1000 ° C. under high temperature, washed with water and dried. The latter is a method in which a zinc chloride solution is impregnated, activated under a certain heating condition, cooled, washed with hydrochloric acid to recover and remove zinc, washed with water, and dried.
In the present invention, together with these porous substances, oxygen generators such as calcium peroxide, agricultural chemicals such as seed disinfectants, plant growth regulators and the like can be used together.

Practical methods for bringing the porous material into contact with the seed mainly include the following three methods.
(1) By dressing a powdered porous material on the seed, the porous material can be brought into contact with the seed. For dressing, the powdered porous material and seeds may be mixed. Usually, 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 25 parts by weight of a porous substance is dressed per 100 parts by weight of seeds. When dressing, add an appropriate amount of water or an aqueous solution containing 0.1 to 10% by weight of pregelatinized starch, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. The substance and seed may be mixed and powdered. The seed dressed with the powdered porous material is sown on a support mat obtained from a paddy field, a field, a seedling culture medium, a phenol resin foam or the like.
(2) The seed and the porous material obtained by immersing the seed and the porous material in a liquid material and stirring the liquid material containing the seed and the porous material on a support mat obtained from a paddy field, a field, a seedling culture medium, a phenol resin foam or the like By sowing, the porous material can be brought into contact with the seed. Usually, 1 to 100 parts by weight of a porous substance per 100 parts by weight of dried seeds is mixed into a liquid material and stirred. Examples of the liquid material include water or an aqueous solution in which water-soluble polymer such as 0.1 to 10% by weight of pregelatinized starch, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, and polyvinyl alcohol is added to water.
(3) The porous material and the seed can be contacted by spraying or mixing the porous material on the sowing place before and / or the seed after sowing. For example, a porous substance can be sprayed or mixed on a paddy field before sowing, a field, a seedling culture medium, a support mat obtained from a phenol resin foam, and / or seeds after sowing. Usually, 10 to 1000 parts by weight of the porous material per 100 parts by weight of the seed is sprayed and brought into contact with the seed.

  As described above, even if chemical substances such as pesticides such as herbicides and insecticides are applied at the germination stage after seed sowing by contacting the porous substance with the seeds, germination of chemical substances such as pesticides and The inhibitory effect on growth can be reduced or eliminated, and germination and subsequent growth of seedlings can be performed effectively.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of seed dressed with activated carbon powder 100 parts by weight of dry matter of seed meal (variety Koshihikari) was obtained by using 200 parts by weight of calcium peroxide powder (trade name Calper powder 16) and sawdust as a raw material. Activated carbon powder seeds were obtained by mixing 20 parts by weight of activated carbon powder and powdering the surface of the dried cocoon while adding 25 parts by weight of water (hereinafter abbreviated as Ca activated carbon powder).
As a control, 200 parts by weight of calcium peroxide powder was dressed with respect to 100 parts by weight of dried seed meal (hereinafter abbreviated as Ca powder).

(2) Seeding of seeds dressed with activated carbon powder and application of herbicide In a greenhouse with a roof in a paddy field, a test plot of 1 m ² per plot was established, and 0.5 cm from the surface of paddy field soil that was used as a substitute. 120 powdered rice cakes are spread with tweezers to a depth and the water depth is set to 2 cm, then a paddy rice herbicide ((a) pyrazolate granule (trade name Sunbird granule), (b) bromobutide / pentoxazone wettable powder (Brand name Shokiny Flowable), (c) Pretilachlor / benzophenap wettable powder (Brand name Uniherb Flowable), (d) Dimron Pentoxazone wettable powder (Brand name Temakat Flowable), (e) Dimron Tenilchlor Wettable powder (trade name Shocker Flowable), (f) Pretilachlor benzobicyclone wettable powder (trade name Kusacont Flowable) , (G) Pretilachlor granules (trade name Solnet 1 kg granule), (h) Cumyluron / Pentoxazone wettable powder (trade name Kusafue Flowable), (i) Chlomeprop / Tenilchlor wettable powder (Product name Tarcut Cut Floorable) ) Were each processed by a predetermined amount. In addition, as a control section, a section where no chemical treatment was performed (untreated section) was provided.
From the 5th day after sowing until the rice reached the 1st leaf stage, water was dropped for 6 days and the buds were dried, and then the water was added and managed with 3-4 cm flooding.

(3) Effect of Herbicide on Germination and Growth The seedling establishment rate and the rice leaf age were investigated 20 days after sowing, and the results are shown in Table 1. The seedling establishment rate represents the ratio of the number of seedlings in each chemical treatment group with respect to the number of seedlings in the non-treatment group in terms of 100 minutes. The value indicates the average value of triplicate test sections. Leaf age was expressed as the number of grown leaves.

  As is clear from the results in Table 1, in rice cultivation under flooded direct sowing conditions, the inhibitory effect on seedling establishment rate by various herbicides is reduced or eliminated by the method of the present invention rather than only the Ca powder dressing which is the conventional method. It has been shown that. It has also been shown that various herbicides inhibit the growth of rice leaf age by the method of the present invention. In addition, the ratio of the number of seedling establishments with respect to the seeding number of the untreated section was about 70% in both the Ca powder coat and the activated carbon powder coat. The leaf age of the most advanced rice in the test group was 3.5 in both the Ca powder coat and the activated carbon powder coat in the untreated group.

  On the 46th day after sowing, all rice strains were extracted and the dry weight of the above-ground part was examined. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 also shows values obtained by dividing the above-ground dry weight by the number of budding rice in each chemical treatment section as the average dry weight per individual rice.

  According to Table 2, the Ca dry dressing alone shows a decrease in the above-ground dry weight by the herbicides (b) to (i), but according to the method of the present invention, (b), (d), (e) and ( The above-ground dry matter weight of the herbicide treatment group of h) is equal to or superior to that of the non-treatment group, indicating that there is a reduction or removal of the growth inhibitory action by the herbicide. Also in the average dry matter weight per rice, the herbicide-treated sections of (b), (d), (e) and (h) are equal to or superior to the untreated sections. In addition, also in (c), (f), (g) and (i) herbicide treatment sections, the growth inhibitory action is reduced by the method of the present invention compared to Ca powder coat.

Example 2
(1) Preparation of seed dressed with activated carbon powder 100 parts by weight of rice dry seed meal was mixed with an aqueous solution in which 25 parts by weight of water was mixed with 1 part by weight of carboxymethylcellulose (trade name: Serogen PR). Thereafter, 20 parts by weight of activated carbon (trade name: Dazai activated carbon) was added and mixed well to prepare powdered seeds (abbreviated as CMC activated carbon powdered clothes). Moreover, the rice seed of Ca activated carbon powder dress and Ca powder dress was created by the method equivalent to Example 1. As a control, rice seeds (abbreviated as no-powder) not subjected to the dressing treatment were also used.

(2) Seeding of seeds dressed with activated carbon powder and application of herbicides In an outdoor paddy field, a test area of 0.8 m ² per area was established, and the surface of the paddy field soil that had been sown was 0 to 0.5 cm in depth. In each state, 4 kg / 10a of each powdered candy is spread by hand and the water depth is adjusted to 3 cm. (D) Daimlon Pentoxazone wettable powder (trade name Temakat Flowable), (e) Daimlon Tenylchlor wettable powder (trade name Shocker Flowable), (g) Pretilachlor granules (product) (Solnet 1kg granule), (j) Imazosulfuron / etbenzamide / Dimron granule (trade name Kickby 1kg granule), (k Caffenstrol / Dimron / Bensulfuron methyl wettable powder (Trade name Camel L flowable) (l) Cyclosulfamuron / Pentoxazone granule (Trade name Utopia 1 kg granule), (m) Pyriminobacmethyl bromobutide / Bensulfuron A predetermined amount of each of methyl pentoxazone wettable powder (trade name Top Gun L Flowable) was treated. In addition, as a control section, a section where no chemical treatment was performed (untreated section) was provided.
15 days after treatment, water was not allowed to enter the test area, and the buds were dried by leaving the water naturally reduced. Thereafter, the water depth of 3 to 5 cm was maintained.

(3) Effect of herbicide on germination The seedling establishment rate was investigated 28 days after sowing, and the results are shown in Table 3. The seedling establishment rate represents the ratio of the number of seedling establishments in each chemical treatment section with respect to the number of seeding, as a 100-minute rate. A value shows the average value of 2 test areas.

  According to Table 3, in rice cultivation under outdoor flooded direct sowing conditions, the inhibitory effect of seedling establishment rate by various herbicides is reduced or eliminated by the method of the present invention rather than only Ca powder dressing which is a conventional method. It has been shown. In particular, the herbicides ((d), (g), (k), (l), (m)), which were difficult to use due to their growth inhibitory action by the conventional method, were also found to reduce the growth inhibitory action. It is done.

Example 3
(1) Preparation of seed dressed with activated carbon powder, sowing seed and application of herbicide Based on the method of Example 2, a CMC activated carbon powder coat of azuki bean seed was prepared. Inside a greenhouse controlled at around 25 ° C, a plastic container pot (length 29 x width 17 x depth 10 cm) is filled with volcanic ash loam soil and a seed hole with a depth of about 1 cm is set up and seeded with powdered seeds. Covered with test soil (powdered area). In addition, undressed seeds were also tested (no-dressing district). The herbicide flumioxazin wettable powder (trade name Sumisoya) was diluted with a predetermined amount of water on the soil surface after sowing, and was uniformly sprayed on the soil surface of the pot so that the amount of sprayed water was 100 g / 10a. After that, water was sprayed appropriately so that the soil surface layer would not dry.

(2) Effect of Herbicide on Germination Rate and Growth Growth status was investigated 16 days after the treatment, and the results are shown in Table 4. The germination rate represents the ratio of the number of germinations in each drug-treated section with respect to the number of sowings in terms of 100 minutes. A value shows the average value of 2 test areas.

  According to Table 4, it is shown that the growth inhibitory action of the herbicide that caused the germination rate reduction and the growth suppression on the azuki bean seeds without powder is reduced by the method of the present invention.

Example 4
(1) Application of activated charcoal powder after seed sowing and application of herbicides A plastic container pot similar to that used in Example 3 is filled with volcanic ash loam soil and a seed hole with a depth of about 1 cm is set up to sow seeds. Covered with activated charcoal powder (activated charcoal cover). As a control, a section covered with the test soil (ordinary covering section) was provided. The herbicide alachlor emulsion (trade name Lasso) was diluted with a predetermined amount of water on the soil surface after sowing, and was uniformly sprayed on the soil surface of the pot so that the amount of water sprayed was 300 ml / 10a and the amount of sprayed water was 100 L / 10a. After that, water was sprayed appropriately so that the soil surface layer would not dry.

(2) Effect of Herbicide on Germination Rate and Growth Growth status was investigated 16 days after treatment, and the results are shown in Table 5. The germination rate represents the ratio of the number of germinations in each drug-treated section with respect to the number of sowings in terms of 100 minutes. A value shows the average value of 2 test areas.

  According to Table 5, it is shown that the growth inhibitory action of the herbicide that caused growth suppression on buckwheat seed is reduced by the treatment of the present invention.

  As described in detail above, the present invention can be applied to the crop phytotoxicity caused by chemical substances such as agricultural chemicals used in crop cultivation, in particular from seeds, by bringing the powdered porous material into contact with the crop seeds by various methods. It is possible to effectively reduce or eliminate the phytotoxicity when using agricultural chemicals in the germination stage. As a result, it is possible to provide opportunities for selecting more types of drugs for crop cultivation methods and crops when germinating seeds that did not have appropriate drugs due to chemical damage. Can greatly contribute to the development. Moreover, the environmental load by agriculture can be reduced by selecting the medicine which is effective effectively with a small amount with respect to the pest weeds which had to be sprayed many times because the conventional control is not successful.

Claims (3)

  In a direct sowing cultivation method in which seeds are directly sown in a field and a crop is grown by applying a chemical herbicide at the germination stage, at least one porous substance selected from plant activated carbon and coal activated carbon is used as seed. Germination of the herbicide, which is a chemical substance, by dressing or seeding the seed and the liquid obtained containing the porous material by soaking and stirring the seed and the porous material in a liquid A crop direct sowing cultivation method characterized by cultivating a crop while reducing or eliminating an inhibitory effect on growth.   At least one porous material selected from plant-based activated carbon and coal-based activated carbon in the direct sowing cultivation method in which adzuki bean or buckwheat seeds are directly sown in the field and the crop is grown by applying a chemical herbicide at the germination stage. Herbicides which are chemical substances by dressing seeds on seeds, or by sowing seeds obtained by immersing seeds and porous substances in liquids and stirring them, and seeding liquids containing the porous substances A crop direct sowing cultivation method characterized by cultivating a crop while reducing or eliminating an inhibitory effect on germination and growth of the plant.   The crop direct sowing cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein carboxymethylcellulose is used together with the porous substance.