JP2008263895A - High zinc-containing axial root - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide axial roots containing zinc in enlarged roots and enlarged hypocotyl edible parts at high concentration, and to provide a method for producing the axial roots. <P>SOLUTION: The axial roots contain ≥0.35 mg/100g of zinc in enlarged roots and enlarged hypocotyl edible parts. The method for producing the axial roots which contain ≥0.35 mg/100g of zinc in enlarged roots and enlarged hypocotyl edible parts includes the step of performing foliar application of a liquid which has a zinc concentration of 0.01-2 wt.% from a root enlarging period of the axial roots. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to straight roots containing high concentrations of zinc in enlarged roots and enlarged edible edible parts and useful as foods or food materials, and a method for producing the same.

  In order to maintain human life, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), selenium (Se), chromium It is necessary to ingest trace metal elements such as (Cr), nickel (Ni), iodine (I), silicon (Si), fluorine (F), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) from outside the body. Is called an essential element (Non-patent Document 1). Among them, zinc (Zn) is abundantly contained in the human body after iron as a trace metal element, and is contained in important enzymes such as carboxypeptidase, carbonic acid dehydrogenase, and alcohol dehydrogenase, It is known to play an important role. In addition, lack of zinc is known to cause problems such as growth failure, decreased sexual function, skin and hair damage, and abnormal taste. Furthermore, while the zinc requirement for adults is 12-15 mg per day, the average Japanese food is said to be able to ingest only about 9 mg of zinc per day. Non-patent document 2). Therefore, in 2002, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare added zinc as a nutrient functional food ingredient, and in 2004, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology set a target value for the zinc content during school meals. Has been taken.

  As described above, since zinc (Zn) is important for the human body to carry out life activities, it is desired to take an appropriate amount by daily eating. However, foods rich in these elements are relatively limited. For example, zinc (Zn) is contained at a high concentration of 13.2 mg / 100 g in oysters (oysters) and 3.8 mg / 100 g in beef liver (Non-patent Document 3). However, it is not common to take these ingredients every day in the current Japanese dietary habits. On the other hand, straight roots such as carrots and Japanese radish are foods that can be taken on a daily basis. From this point of view, it is considered useful if the content of these trace metal elements can be increased in straight roots, but in the technical field related to cultivation methods for straight roots, research on trace metal elements such as minimum fertilization methods is necessary. Although research has been conducted, the technology to be actively incorporated into the edible part was not satisfactory.

  Although it is not a straight root, recently a technique has been developed to overexpress a zinc transporter gene derived from Arabidopsis thaliana by genetic modification in order to increase the zinc content in rye grains. However, even when fertilized with this genetically modified product, the rate of zinc absorption did not increase (Non-Patent Document 4). About this cause, even if the zinc transporter gene is expressed, if zinc is present, the zinc transporter protein disappears due to post-translational regulation, as seen in other metal transporter proteins (Non-patent Document 5). It is considered that. In this way, it is difficult to incorporate trace metal elements such as zinc into the edible part of crops even using genetically modified technology, which is the most advanced technology at present.

In addition, a foliar spray method has been put to practical use as one of the conventional fertilization techniques. In this method, the fertilizer component can be taken into the cells that are directly in contact with the spray solution, so that the leaf element deficiency symptoms can be prevented or improved. However, there has been no technique for accumulating metal element content at a high concentration in seeds that are not directly contacted by the spray solution by translocation from the leaves into the seeds, that is, by transferring between cells. It was. In particular, zinc is not an easily commutable element such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, etc. (Non-patent Document 6), and therefore it has been difficult to accumulate high concentrations in seeds by the conventional foliar application method.
Sakurai and Tanaka (edited) 1993. Bioinorganic chemistry. Yodogawa Shoten Iwata 1998. Energetic minerals The secret of zinc power. Air publication Kagawa (Director) 2003. "Fiveth Food Analysis Table 2003"Women's Nutrition University Press Ramesh et al. 2004. Plant Mol. Biol. Connolly et al. 2002. Plant Cell Marschner 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (2nd ed.) Academic Press

  An object of the present invention is to provide an enlarged root part which is a main edible part of a straight root, a straight root containing a high concentration of zinc in the hypocotyl part, and a method for producing the same.

  Therefore, as a result of various studies to incorporate zinc at a high concentration into the enlarged roots and enlarged hypocotyls of straight roots, the present inventors surprisingly, by spraying a zinc-containing liquid on the leaf surface, The present invention was completed by finding that a high concentration of straight roots with a high concentration of zinc in the edible portion was obtained compared to the case where it was applied to soil, and the concentration of zinc in the edible portion was unconventional.

  That is, the present invention provides straight roots containing 0.35 mg / 100 g or more of zinc in the enlarged root and the enlarged hypocotyl edible portion.

  Moreover, this invention sprays the liquid which contains 0.01 to 2weight% as zinc concentration to the leaf surface from the root hypertrophy stage of straight roots, The enlarged root and the enlarged hypocotyl edible The present invention provides a method for producing straight roots containing 0.3 mg / 100 g or more of zinc in the part.

  The present invention also relates to a foliar spray solution of straight roots containing 0.01 to 2% by weight of zinc as a zinc concentration, and 0.35 mg / kg of zinc in the enlarged root and the edible hypocotyl edible part. A material for producing straight roots containing 100 g or more is provided.

The straight roots of the present invention contain a high concentration of zinc that could not be produced conventionally, and are useful as foods and food materials with high nutritional value.
In addition, since the method for producing straight roots of the present invention is not applied to the soil but is applied to the leaves, etc., it is said that it occurs when a large amount of zinc is applied to the soil. The problem of so-called “heavy metal-induced chlorosis” (Kumazawa / Nishizawa 1976. Absorption of plant nutrients. The University of Tokyo Press), which inhibits absorption transfer and causes iron deficiency symptoms, does not occur. In addition, when applied to soil in large quantities, runoff into rivers becomes a problem for environmental conservation. For example, in Japan, the zinc concentration standard in rivers and seawater is set to 10 to 30 μg / L or less by the amendment of the Basic Environment Law in 2003. However, according to the method of the present invention, such a problem does not occur.

  The straight roots of the present invention contain 0.35 mg / 100 g or more of zinc in the enlarged root and the enlarged hypocotyl edible portion. Usually, the zinc concentration in the swollen root of the straight roots and the edible hypocotyl edible portion is 0.1 to 0.3 mg / 100 g, and the straight root containing a high concentration of zinc as in the present invention. No kind is known. The more preferable zinc concentration in the enlarged root and the enlarged hypocotyl edible part is 0.35 to 2.0 mg / 100 g, particularly preferably 0.4 to 1.0 mg / 100 g. Here, the zinc concentration can be measured by atomic absorption method, ICP emission spectrometry, and ICP mass spectrometry, and this concentration is the zinc content (mg) in 100 g of the dried product.

Examples of the straight roots in the present invention include carrot ( Daucus carota ), radish ( Raphanus sativus ) and turnip ( Brassica rapa ), among which carrot is preferable.

The straight roots containing high-concentration zinc in the enlarged roots and the enlarged hypocotyl edible portion of the present invention are sprayed with a liquid containing 0.01 to 2% by weight of zinc from the root hypertrophy stage. Can be manufactured.
According to the study by the present inventors, it has been found that foliar spraying, not soil treatment, is preferable in order to absorb zinc at a high concentration in the enlarged roots and enlarged hypocotyls of straight roots. Therefore, it contains 0.01 to 2% by weight as zinc concentration, and the liquid for foliar spraying of roots contains beans in the edible part of the underground collection of 0.35 to 2.0 mg / 100g or more of beans. It is useful as a material for use.

The liquid used for spraying (hereinafter sometimes referred to as foliar spray material) is preferably a liquid containing 0.01 to 2% by weight of zinc. Zinc used for preparing the liquid is not particularly limited as long as it has water solubility, and examples thereof include zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc nitrate, zinc formate, zinc acetate, and chelate zinc such as EDTA zinc. Of these, zinc sulfate is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of zinc migration to the grain.
The zinc concentration in the foliar spray material is preferably 0.02 to 1% by weight, particularly 0.1 to 0.5% by weight as zinc.

Moreover, the foliar spray material used by this invention improves the zinc transfer rate to a legume seed by containing a seaweed extract. As the seaweed, brown algae are preferable, and in particular, the order of the order is Laminariales. Furthermore, the Algaceae family is preferable. Most preferred is Alaria praelonga . These seaweeds as raw materials may contain moisture or may be dried, but a dried product is more preferable in consideration of ease of treatment.

  The content in the leaf spray material of the seaweed extract is preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 1 to 10% by weight, and particularly preferably 3 to 5% by weight in terms of dry matter.

  The seaweed extract can be prepared, for example, as follows. Seaweed as a material is hydrolyzed by adding an acid such as dilute sulfuric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid and heating to 60 ° C. or higher. In this case, the type of acid used is preferably sulfuric acid, and the concentration is preferably 0.5 to 2N. About the temperature to heat, it is preferable to boil from the speed of a decomposition rate. After adjusting the pH of the obtained hydrolyzate by adding an alkali as appropriate, the solid content is removed by centrifugation or filtration to obtain a seaweed extract. In order to obtain a preferable foliar spray material, zinc may be appropriately added to the seaweed extract itself or a diluted solution.

  In order to increase the adhesion to the leaf surface, it is preferable to add a spreading agent and a surfactant that are usually used in agriculture to the foliar spray material. The spreading agent and surfactant used are not particularly limited, and any of nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants can be used as the surfactant. For example, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, oxyethylene polymer, oxypropylene polymer, polyoxyethylene alkyl phosphate ester , Fatty acid salt, alkyl sulfate ester salt, alkyl sulfonate salt, alkyl aryl sulfonate salt, alkyl phosphate salt, alkyl phosphate ester salt, polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate ester, quaternary ammonium salt, oxyalkylamine, lecithin, Such as saponin. If necessary, gelatin, casein, starch, agar, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate and the like can be used as auxiliary agents.

  When foliar spraying material is sprayed, it may be mixed with a foliar fertilizer usually used in agriculture. In this case, although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as a fertilizer component, since the thing which shows alkalinity after melt | dissolution causes zinc to precipitate as a salt, it is not preferable. Examples of preferable fertilizer components when mixing include urea, ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydrochloride, ammonium sulfate, phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, and the like. Among them, the use of urea is preferable because it may increase the amount of zinc absorbed (Mortvedt and Gilkes 1993. Zinc fertilizer. “Zinc in soils and plants” Kluwer academic publishers).

  The basic fertilizer and topdressing applied to the soil when cultivating the straight roots of the present invention may be based on the fertilizing amount and fertilizing method performed in the region. However, it goes without saying that if the soil is treated with zinc, the zinc content in the enlarged roots and enlarged hypocotyls can be further increased.

  The planting density when cultivating the straight roots of the present invention may be the density recommended in the region, but when the zinc concentration in the foliar spray material is 0.1% by weight or more, the decrease in the yield is reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to increase the planting density 1.2 to 2 times higher than usual.

  As a method for spraying the foliar spray material, it is desirable that the foliar spray material spreads to the back of the leaf. When using a boom sprayer, it is desirable that the amount of spray liquid is 1000 liters or more per hectare, preferably 1200 to 3000 liters, more preferably 1500 to 2500 liters. In that case, it is preferable to set the pressurization of the sprayer as high as 2 to 3 MPa. Needless to say, it is better to use an apparatus that reduces the particle diameter of the sprayed liquid, such as reducing the nozzle hole. It is also desirable to use a so-called electrostatic sprayer or an electrostatic spray nozzle port that promotes adhesion of the spray liquid to the plant body by utilizing static electricity.

  The application time of the foliar application material may be from the root enlargement period to the time when the foliage yellows, and particularly preferably from the heading period to just before the yellowing period. The interval between the foliar spraying materials is preferably once a day to once every two weeks. Further, it is more preferable to spray once every one to two weeks. Further, the total number of spraying during the crop growing period is preferably 2 to 8 times.

  EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is shown and this invention is demonstrated further in detail, this invention is not limited to a following example.

Production Example 1
Preparation of seaweed extract Ainu sea turtle ( Alaria praelonga ), chigaiso ( Alaria crassifola ), macombu ( Laminaria japonica ), sujime ( Costraia costata ) dried products were each cut into 5 cm squares with scissors. 2,550 mL of 1N sulfuric acid was added to 450 g of these shredded products and boiled with stirring for 2 hours. The obtained liquid was cooled by putting the container in crushed ice, and then centrifuged at 8,000 G × 60 minutes by a centrifuge. 1 L of water was added to 1.5 L of the resulting supernatant for dilution, and 2.5 kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate was added to dissolve. Potassium hydroxide was added to this solution to adjust to pH 2.0. Among these, what uses Ainu-wakame as a raw material is hereinafter referred to as zinc-containing Ainu-wakame extract. In addition, since the zinc content in the actual Ainu turtle is 2.34 mg / kg, the zinc derived from the Ainu turtle itself in the zinc-containing Ainu turtle extract is only 0.11 mg / kg and can be substantially ignored.

Example 1
A carrot cultivar “Kouyoji” (Takii seedling) was cultivated in a field in Kuriyama-cho, Yubari-gun, Hokkaido. The basic fertilization was conducted according to the fertilization standards of “Hokkaido Fertilization Guide” (Hokkaido Agricultural Administration Division 2002, Hokkaido Agricultural Improvement Promotion Association) (standard fertilization zone), but zinc sulfate (ZnSO ₄ ) was included as part of the zinc content. As 5.7 and 11.4 kg / ha applied zinc sulfate soil applied zone, and zinc oxide (ZnO) as zinc content 20.6 and 41.2 kg / ha applied zinc oxide soil applied zone. Sowing was performed on June 2 and the planting density was 30 × 8 cm. Plants growing in the standard fertilization zone 8 times approximately every other week from August 10, which is the root hypertrophy period, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% aqueous solutions of zinc sulfate heptahydrate ( As zinc concentration, 0.055%, 0.11% and 0.22%), and 0.5%, 1% and 2% aqueous solutions of zinc-containing Ainu Wakame extract shown in Production Example 1 0.055%, 0.11%, 0.22%) and 0.1% of polyoxyethylene hexitan fatty acid ester-containing spreader approach BI (manufactured by Kao Corporation) added to 300 mL / m ² foliar sprayed. The test was repeated twice for each treatment. Sampling was performed on October 4th, the harvest season. The tuberous root was peeled off at a thickness of 2 mm, fresh weight was measured, and then cut into approximately 1 cm squares and dried in a dryer at 90 ° C. for 3 days. The tuberous root after drying was immediately measured for dry matter weight, and the dry matter rate was calculated. The dried product was pulverized with an ultracentrifugal mill MRK-RETSCH (Mitamura Riken Kogyo Co., Ltd.), 0.5 g was weighed, 5 mL of nitric acid for precision analysis (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added, and Teflon (registered trademark) sealed. Decomposed in a pressure decomposition vessel. The decomposition solution was made up to a constant volume, and the zinc content of the solution was measured using an ICP emission spectroscopic analyzer SPS4000 (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.). The zinc content in the actual product was calculated by calculating back the quantitative value using the dry matter rate.

  The results are shown in Table 1. Comparing the areas where zinc sulfate was applied to the soil and foliar was not applied, the highest edible portion zinc content was 11.4 kg / ha, and the zinc content was 0.25 mg / 100 g. It was 14% higher than the non-application area. Comparing the areas where zinc oxide was applied to the soil and foliar was not applied, the highest zinc content in the edible part was 41.2 kg / ha, but the zinc content in the edible part Remained at 0.23 mg / 100 g. On the other hand, the zinc content in the edible part of the enlarged edible and enlarged hypocotyl obtained in the section where zinc was not applied to the soil and the aqueous solution of zinc sulfate heptahydrate was sprayed was 0.35 to 0.46 mg. / 100g, higher than any soil application. Furthermore, it became clear that the zinc content in the edible portion of the zinc-containing Ainu seaweed extract sprayed region shown in Production Example 1 is high even if the zinc concentration in the spray solution is the same. From the above results, when trying to incorporate zinc into carrot enlarged roots and enlarged hypocotyl edible parts, compared to soil application, which is a general fertilizer application method, It was revealed that the foliar spraying method is effective, and that the effect is further enhanced by adding seaweed extract to the foliar spray solution.

Claims (12)

  Straight roots containing 0.35 mg / 100 g or more of zinc in enlarged roots and enlarged edible edible parts.   The straight roots according to claim 1, wherein the zinc content of the enlarged root and the enlarged hypocotyl edible part is 0.35 to 2.0 mg / 100 g. The straight root according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the straight root is selected from carrot ( Daucus carota ), radish ( Raphanus sativus ) and turnip ( Brassica rapa ).   Straight roots containing 0.35 mg / 100 g or more of zinc in the edible portion, characterized by spraying leaves containing 0.01 to 2% by weight of zinc from the root hypertrophy stage of straight roots Manufacturing method.   The process according to claim 4, wherein the zinc-containing liquid further contains a seaweed extract.   The production method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the amount of zinc-containing liquid sprayed is 1000 liters or more per hectare.   The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the zinc-containing liquid is sprayed every 1 to 2 weeks from the root hypertrophy stage.   The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the edible part of the storage organ has a zinc content of 0.35 to 2.0 mg / 100 g. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the straight root is selected from carrot ( Daucus carota ), radish ( Raphanus sativus ) and turnip ( Brassica rapa ).   A solution for spraying foliage of straight roots containing 0.01 to 2% by weight of zinc, and containing 0.35 mg / 100 g or more of zinc in the enlarged roots and the edible hypocotyl edible part Materials for manufacturing.   Furthermore, the material of Claim 10 containing a seaweed extract. The material according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the straight root is selected from carrot ( Daucus carota ), radish ( Raphanus sativus ) and turnip ( Brassica rapa ).