JP2008253142A - Treatment machine for orderly cultivating soil clod group - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a treatment machine which can orderly cultivate a paddy field or a field for general crops in a plowed soil structure desirable for culture plants, uses a spiral blade to reduce the useless consumption of a fossil fuel or the like, enables the large scale management of agriculture, and can crush snow surfaces, sandy beaches, sediments, or land-covering articles to orderly cultivate the fields. <P>SOLUTION: The method for orderly cultivating soil clop groups with the treatment machine comprises traveling the treatment machine, simultaneously driving and rotating a shaft on which a continuous spiral blade is projected, in an upper-cut direction to shear and separate the constant height or more higher portions of the soil clod groups made by a roughly soil-breaking work, or the like; forming a basically leveled substrate surface in an area having a constant height; simultaneously gathering the separated soil pieces on the side surface of the spiral blade, crushing, stirring, or throwing the gathered soil pieces with projections projectedly, disposed on the peripheral surface of the shaft or with wing-like treatment plates approximately projectedly disposed on the side of the blade to produce homogeneously much air-containing fine particle soil or flowable mud; and then horizontally or flatly loading the fine particle soil or the flowable mud on the soil clod groups not disordered under the substrate surface at a fixed thickness, to orderly cultivate the soil clod groups. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a proposal of a desirable soil cultivation structure for cultivation, a grading method for realizing the same, and a processing machine for implementing the method.

  The method of rice cultivation in our country has changed with various technological innovations. In terms of power, human power has changed to cow and horses have been changing for decades. The mechanization in the field of agriculture has generally progressed and is generally prevalent. On the other hand, waste of fossil fuels in developed countries, including Japan, has become a problem not only in society as a whole, but urgent measures are needed in all aspects to limit the consumption of limited resources and preserve the global environment. It has become.

  Although there are some differences in the cultivation and harmonizing method of rice fields, there are many examples that are carried out four times: autumn wake-up, spring wake-up, rough rake, planting rake. Moreover, rough scraping and planting scraping often scratch the field twice vertically and horizontally. This may cause too much fossil fuel to be consumed compared to the yield produced.

  The machines generally used for roughing scraping and planting scraping are a crushed and leveling rotary and a cage rotor. The former is a method in which mud is generated by crushing and kneading a soil block previously cultivated by roughening or the like by claw attached to the nail shaft, and kneading and stirring the soil mass and water. The effects include the mixing of all layers such as raw manure, the generation of mud to stabilize seedling planting, and the prevention of water leakage from the field.

  However, there is a weak point in this method, and if the soil is scraped too much, it will be kneaded like glue as shown in Fig. 13, and oxygen in the soil will be dissipated, which will lead to the survival and growth of rice. It will cause trouble. It is said that the amount of longitudinal permeation is reduced to 1/5 by a single scraping, 1/10 by 3 times, and 1/100 by 3 times. Further, since the kneading shaft is kneaded to the deep part of the tillage layer, rotational resistance is increased on the nail shaft, and a lot of fuel is consumed, which is not economical. This consumes a lot of precious fossil fuel. Load the global environment with exhaust gas. In addition, because of the rotational resistance, a large number of claws cannot be arranged on the claw shaft.

  In addition, we have applied the original fertilizer, netting fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, etc. at the appropriate time, but in recent years a batch fertilizer has been developed, and the amount required by the cutting period is several cm below the paddy field. If you embed them together in the spring, depending on the accumulated temperature in the soil after that, the necessary amount of ingredients will gradually melt in the required time and the roots will absorb this. In other words, if a batch fertilizer is used, it is not always necessary to mix the original fertilizer in all layers.

In addition, since the roots are dissolved little by little as appropriate and the roots are absorbed accordingly, it is possible to secure a sufficient yield even in fields where there is a large amount of leaked water where there is a risk of dissipating fertilizer. Rather, a moderate water leakage field always supplies oxygen into the soil due to the vertical infiltration of water, so that the roots grow firmly and the yield increases. As for the soil on the cultivator, the yield is better in the aggregate layered structure in which the soil blocks are stacked rather than the homogeneous soil layer. It has been said for a long time that “Goro fields have good roots” and “Water cannot be increased in water that is too watery and corrupt.” This is because oxygen supplied by longitudinal permeation promotes root elongation and assists in the absorption of root nutrients.

Next, the cage rotor is a system in which the cage frame rotates and breaks the clod block, mixes water and soil, and presses the remaining clumps downward. Not only is the surface of the field flat, but the roots and mud are not well-adapted, and the rice planting causes floating seedlings.
JP-A-7-123801 JP-A-6-125617 Jikosho 31-017134 Japanese Patent Publication 40-013163 Japanese Utility Model Sho 62-094702

  Therefore, as a method of harmonizing with the recent fertilization technology and consuming less fossil fuel, we propose a semi-separation crushing method for the upper half-separated pulverization type described in the following paragraph, instead of the conventional stirring method using tilling claws. . It is also proposed to use a screw-like continuous blade as the processing machine.

The one using a spiral processing board has already been put to practical use for surface leveling of upland fields. However, this is a processing plate obtained by processing a ribbon-like plate having a small width into a large-diameter spiral, and the spiral processing plate is held on the shaft by an arm extending from the shaft.
The ribbon-shaped and narrow width is to prevent the soil scene from being unilaterally moved to one side by the spiral rotation and tilting the field scene. This is because it is used to return to the next original article. In addition, the resistance to spiral rotation is reduced by escaping back to the next strip.
This processing machine was developed to level the unevenness of the surface of dry fields and the like, and does not form a soil structure.

Therefore, the following points are listed when the improvement particularly required for a homing machine such as a halo is arranged, and the present invention is for solving these problems.
The lower part of the soil will be kept in a nodule laminated structure.
The upper part of the soil should be fine-grained soil. In the scraping, a necessary amount of fluid and homogeneous mud is generated and stored.
Low fuel consumption by the processor.
Work should be done efficiently.

In order to realize these, first, it is necessary to drastically change the conventional harmonizing method. We propose not to break the aggregated layered structure of the clumps generated due to roughing or the like, that is, to stop the mixing of all layers by tilling nails with the purpose of reducing the consumption of fossil fuel.
Then, as shown in FIG. 1, it is proposed that the surface layer portion of the clod group is peeled by a necessary amount by shearing or the like, and is crushed to produce fine-grained soil and placed on the aggregated laminated structure.
In this application, the term "homogeneous" means to adjust the structure to the intended state by acting on the object and adding processing.

As a means of implementation, a continuous blade formed in a spiral shape on the shaft peripheral surface is used to shear or scrape a certain height or more of the surface layer soil mass of the soil mass group generated in advance by roughening or the like. And then collecting the separated pieces of soil, cutting, chopping, crushing, and stirring to produce a fine-grained soil or a mixture of water and it and place it.
The treatment is to advance the shaft while rotating in the upper cut direction toward the traveling front side so that the cutting, chopping, breaking and stirring can be repeated.

First, the basic configuration and operation of the proposed processor are as follows.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, this is a view of the processing machine from the front. However, the blade 2 is formed by projecting a spiral continuous plate on the peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 1, and further the rotating shaft. A plurality of protrusions 3 such as plates, bars, pins, etc. are arranged on the peripheral surface of 1 and are arranged so that the axial center line K is substantially parallel or horizontal to the surface to be processed, and directed toward the front side of the progress. Thus, the shaft 2 can be driven to rotate in the upper-cut direction F, and the blade 2 of this shaft is moved into the surface to be processed and advanced.
In addition, the protrusion 3 should just be a thing of the shape which can be separately inserted in a target object other than a board, a pin, and a rod here.
It is also conceivable to embed a hard material nail around the edge of the blade. In this case, the nail will scrape the soil mass.

The rotating spiral blade 2 cuts and shears the clot and separates and separates it, thereby forming a base surface in a row at a constant height of the crust group surface layer. Then, the pieces separated and separated are collected in a direction A perpendicular to the line connecting the edges of the blade edges of the blades located at the processing surface contact portion while the side surfaces of the blades 2 serve as the pressing plates. Next, the soil pieces M on which the protrusions 3 arranged on the rotating shaft 1 are piled up are cut, engraved, broken, and stirred.

Since the shaft 1 is rotated in the upper cut direction F, the protrusion 3 is also rotated in the upper cut direction F. Therefore, the soil group M and the water on the surface are always kicked substantially perpendicular to the surface where the protrusion hits the object to be treated, that is, approximately forward. return. In this way, as the player runs repeatedly in the soccer game, kicking the ball forward and repeatedly shattering, stirring, cutting, and chopping, the soil pieces become finer. In the paddy field, it mixes well with water, and the generated mud is improved in fluidity and passes through between the projections 3 and 3, between the virtual rotating body of the projections 3 and the ground block cutting base surface by the spiral blade 2, etc. . In a dry field, it escapes backward from the space formed between the virtual rotating body and the cut base. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, a uniform mud or fine-grained soil layer can be formed on a group of soil blocks aligned at a constant height T with a spiral blade.

  However, this alone is still flawed and cannot be used for general purposes. Since the spiral blade 2 is continuous, and rotated in the upper cut direction, the side of the blade 2 is rubbed forward in the direction of travel continually by the rotation of the blade 2, and further to the line connecting the edges of the blade edges. On the other hand, since it is moved unilaterally while being pushed in a direction perpendicular to the direction, the soil is displaced as a result. The spiral of the right screw moves the soil piece to the left by rotating the upper cut. The left-handed spiral moves the soil piece to the right. Aside from the positive movement, it does not result in a horizontal or flat field scene. In addition, the group of dirt that accumulates in front of the side surface of the blade resists rotation of the blade.

FIG. 4 shows the lower half of the shaft 1, the blade 2, the protrusion 3 and the like in the direction D in FIG. 1 in order to facilitate the explanation. It is proposed that the line K has the required crossing angle P with respect to the body travel direction H.
The spiral blade 2 pushes the soil piece in the direction A perpendicular to the line connecting the blade tips of the blades located at the processing surface contact portion. The protrusion 3 radiates the soil group in a direction B substantially perpendicular to the axial center line K.
As shown in the figure, if the required crossing angle P is provided, the projection 3 projecting from the shaft is a piece of soil with a group of soil pieces M collected by the spiral blades 2 on the side face as a boundary in the line H in the frame traveling direction. It becomes possible to kick back to the side where was originally located, and the deviation of the farm scene can be eliminated by returning the soil piece to the original side.
However, this effect depends on the right / left twist of the spiral twist and the right / left advance of the shaft deployment. Although it depends on the pitch interval of the spiral, if it is twisted to the right by upper cut rotation, it is more effective that the left side of the shaft precedes as shown in FIG. On the other hand, when the right side precedes, the protrusion 3 kicks back, not in the right direction, but in the same direction as A.

Next, we will propose a mechanism that emphasizes the reduction of rotational resistance by reliably eliminating soil displacement due to unilateral pushing. A plate-like, rod-like, or pin-like projection is fixed or attached to the side surface of the blade 2 projecting in a spiral shape in a generally vertical direction to form a wing-like projection. It is proposed to provide functions such as plates and stirring. Since there is a pitch in the spiral, the edge line of the blade edge portion of the spiral blade intersects obliquely with a certain angle rather than a right angle in plan view with respect to the rotation axis center line. The surface of the processing plate fixed or attached in a direction substantially perpendicular to the blade side surface, or the longitudinal line of the bar or pin, faces the direction of the line of sight of the cutting edge of the blade, that is, the peripheral edge of the blade.
As shown in FIG. 5, the blade-like treatment plate 4 is rotated in the upper cut direction while being rotated in the upper cut direction. It can be thrown diagonally forward so as to return in the vertical direction, ie, the direction C of the line of the edge of the cutting edge, that is, the direction of the side where the soil piece was originally located. Or you can extrude or play. And the wing-like processing board 4 crushes and agitates the soil piece group every rotation.

  This proposal has a characteristic that even if it is arranged so that the rotation axis center line K is perpendicular to the traveling direction H of the housing, that is, P is 90 degrees, the effect of sufficiently returning to the original position can be exhibited. However, as shown in FIG. 4, when the shaft is advanced to the left in the forward direction and obliquely crossed with the traveling direction, the effect is further increased because the angle at which the obliquely divided pieces are returned to the original is strengthened.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 9, it is proposed to further add unevenness to the side surface of the blade 2. As a result, the soil pieces collected in front of the blade side surface are rubbed in the upper cut direction, that is, in the forward direction by contact friction between the unevenness of the blade side surface portion and the soil piece, and at the same time, the soil piece is crushed and stirred and broken with water. Also do. This also has the same radiation function as the above-described wing-like treatment plate.

  In either proposal, after the shaft has advanced while rotating in the upper cut direction, the crushed soil that has been crushed etc. remains in the form of islands in the rear of the processor as illustrated in FIGS. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, it is assumed that the flat plate 6 provided behind the processor is pressed down and made flat.

  Next, an embodiment relating to the driving and the adjustment of the crossing angle according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The homogenizing shaft portion 9 can be moved up and down to a power vehicle such as a tractor via a link mounting means such as a three-point link 12, and is held at a crossing angle with the body axis via a horizontal rotation means.

  The centering shaft portion 9 is provided with a transmission case 13 having a power receiving shaft 14 in the center thereof, and the shaft 1 for performing the operation of the centering is extended from the transmission case 13 to the left and right, and has a transmission shaft 16 built-in. The upper and lower side frames 21 of the upper transmission frame 15 are pivotally mounted on both lower portions of the side transmission case 17a incorporating the rotation reversing means 18a and the winding transmission means 19a via the bearing means 20. In addition to the spiral blade 2, a plurality of protrusions 3 are provided on the peripheral surface of the shaft 1, and a blade-like processing plate 4 is fixed to the side surface of the blade 2.

The driving power is transmitted from the PTO shaft 10 of the power vehicle to the power receiving shaft 14 in the transmission case 13 of the harmonizer by the universal joint shafts 11a and 11b, and this is transmitted to the side by the transmission shaft 16 in the upper transmission frame 15. After being transmitted, the rotation direction is reversed by the rotation reversing means 18a in the side transmission case 17a on the side surface, and the reciprocating shaft 1 positioned at the lowermost position via the winding transmission means 19a is moved in the upper cut direction F. It is the power to drive and rotate.
Further, the angle of the shaft center line of the shaft 1 with respect to the housing traveling direction is adjusted by lever operation from the driver's seat or the like, using hinge means constituted by the arms 23a, 23b hinges 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d and the telescopic arm 24. This is done by extending / contracting the telescopic arm 24 constituting the horizontal rotating means.

If the spiral rotary blade 2 is deeply swallowed into the earth and rotated, the amount of processing such as shearing, cutting, crushing, and stirring increases. It becomes less if it is shallower. As a result, this proposal is reasonable in that it can generate mud and finely crushed soil in a necessary amount and there is no waste.

  According to the mechanism of this application, first, the spiral blade 2 creates a basically flat surface by shearing the surface layer portion of the clod layer, which is the basic portion of soil production, in a row at a certain height. Therefore, the levelness and levelness are basically ensured throughout the field.

Regarding the surface finish of the field scene, the above-mentioned rotary shaft 1 is adjusted to the required crossing angle with respect to the moving direction of the chassis, and the leveling and horizontal problems are caused by the action of kicking back by the winged processing plate, protrusions and blade side irregularities. Is solved. The angle adjustment can also change the direction of the unidirectional resistance reaction force received from the processing surface or the processing piece by the airframe, and can stabilize the traveling of the airframe.

In addition, the present invention is separated because the projection 3, the wing-like treatment plate 4 and the side surface irregularities of the blade not only stir the soil pieces but also dissipate the soil pieces and eliminate the staying soil pieces. There is an effect that the rotational resistance of the shaft caused by pushing the soil piece in the axial direction is reduced accordingly. The consumption of fossil fuel can be reduced by reducing the rotational resistance of the shaft. It will be close to the earth.

In addition, since the lump of soil cannot pass under the shaft 1 or between the projections 3 until the fluidity is constant or less than a certain size, The crushed soil having a certain particle size or less can be placed rearwardly in a convex shape or a row shape.
Since the surface of the foundation layer is basically horizontal and level, and the mud and crushed soil layer above it is a layer that guarantees a uniform or constant fluidity and constant thickness. The leveling action of the leveling plate 6 which can be separately mounted on the machine is also ensured.

The generated mud sinks into the interstices of the clumps of aggregated laminar structure that is preserved under the passage of time, and secures an appropriate longitudinal water flow path. 40 days after rice planting, rice is dried once in recent years. However, rice fields that have been prepared in this way can have a different drying shrinkage rate between the nodule and the submerged mud. It will also make sure cracks and voids at regular intervals and contribute to the healthy growth of rice. Large and small pores and cracks facilitate water permeability and have water retention. On the other hand, it becomes a dry field and the running of the work machine is stable even during harvesting by the combine combine.

  In addition, since the clod layer is not kneaded with rotating claws, the blade does not penetrate into the lower part of the clod layer, so the rotational resistance of the shaft is very small. In addition, since only the surface layer is processed, it is possible to reduce the diameter of the spiral rotation circle. In this case, fuel consumption is further reduced, resulting in a method that is friendly to the global environment.

  As shown in the example of FIG. 7, the wing-like treatment plate 4 can be thrown out in the direction C, that is, the direction opposite to the one-way direction A by spiral rotation, that is, the direction to return to the original direction. Further, if the area of the processing plate is increased or the direction of the plate surface is directed outward, the amount to be restored is increased and the angle to be restored is further increased. In this way, even if the rotation axis is arranged at right angles to the traveling direction, the wing-shaped processing plate 4 functions to prevent the tilt of the rice field due to the movement of the soil.

  The rotation of the upper cut is an important factor in the present invention. The reverse downcut rotation has a certain effect, but the semi-circular cylindrical dent of the trace cut by the blade on the trace that passed through the processing machine and the island of the shredded soil left behind are slanted. It only remains in a line. Soil pieces are not collected with a blade, and crushing by protrusions is only once. That is, since the processing is not repeated, the effect is weak. However, if this process is repeated by reciprocating the airframe many times, substantially the same effect can be obtained.

In unconsolidated soil or soil that has been sufficiently submerged and softened by water immersion for a long time, it can be well-balanced by the crushing / stirring action by the blade-like plate 4 and the blade side irregularities, but the soil clumps are tightly tightened in the field immediately after the roughing. Therefore, it is necessary to add treatment by the circumferential protrusion 3.

If the rotation axis center line K of the blade is arranged not at a right angle to the traveling direction H of the housing but at a desired angle P as in the example of FIG. 4, the protrusion 3 for crushing or stirring provided on the shaft is provided. Or the blade-like treatment plate 4 attached to the side surface of the blade or the like may cause the soil piece to be thrown out so that the blade is returned to the side opposite to the one-side direction A of pushing the soil by the blade. I can do it.

As shown in the examples of FIGS. 7 and 8, the direction of twisting of the spiral of the blade is made symmetrical on the left and right sides of the axis, the soil block of the field and the surface water of the rice field are collected in the center and stirred, It is also possible to move the soil piece positively by dividing it further finely and making it symmetrical to fill the dent. Also, there is an effect that the direction of the reaction force received from the processing surface cancels out on the left and right sides of the shaft and does not reach the traveling machine main body.

  When the shaft is arranged in a V shape with the twist direction symmetrical to the left and right as illustrated in FIG. 8, the shaft surface itself of the rotating shaft simply pushes so that the water on the surface is collected in the center as the traveling aircraft progresses. Neither soil nor water is forcibly collected in the center by the rotation of the blade spiral. And this will be scattered by the wing-shaped processing board toward both outer sides. This can be used for scratching in well-padded fields. On the other hand, if this is made into a square shape, the blade will bring the soil piece to the center, and the projections, wing-like treatment plate, and blade side surface irregularities will be scattered toward both ends, which can be used in fields and the like.

  Spiral twist pitch interval, circumferential protrusion arrangement density, protrusion angle, angle and shape of the surface where the protrusion hits the workpiece, shape and width of the winged processing board, and attachment position depending on the soil quality and work purpose of the field The arrangement density, the approach angle to the group of soil pieces, the direction and angle of projecting the soil pieces, the degree of unevenness on the blade side surface, and the like are made effective and balanced. In addition, when the spiral is made into a multi-strand or the rotational speed is increased, the action on the processing surface becomes dense.

If the height of the shaft 1, the rotational speed, the deployment angle with respect to the running direction, and the deployment angle with respect to the surface of the table and the horizontal can be adjusted at any time, the amount of soil and water on the surface, the projection 3 on the surface and the wing-shaped treatment plate 4 can adjust the efficiency and degree of cutting, chopping, crushing and stirring it, the direction and amount of returning to the original state, the level, leveling and inclination.

  It is also possible to fix the blade-like processing plate 4 to the corners of the blade 2 and the shaft 1 and also to reinforce the bending moment that the blade 2 receives from the soil mass or the like.

The amount of soil that escapes from the processing axis to the rear depends on the height of the projections and the density of the projections, but increases the height of the rotating shaft to weaken the rotation, and the angle of the shaft indicates the direction of the line of sight of the edge of the edge of the grounding part. Increasing the number to match the direction of travel increases. On the other hand, a large amount of water on the surface and soil fragments are returned to the front, and the action of crushing and stirring is strongly received.
In this way, during the processing work, the present invention, during the adjustment operation of the processing axis, the aggregate base upper surface height, the uniformity of the farm scene, the level, the amount of mud and fine soil to be generated, the softness of the mud, It can have adjustment functions for mud homogeneity, fine grain size, work efficiency, etc. In practice, the angle, travel height, rotational speed, and the like are adjusted while watching the state of the farm scene being processed from the driver's seat.

Preparation of a planting plant with a soil construction structure proposed by the present invention with a small number of treatments, that is, low fuel consumption, if it is previously cultivated with a block of soil of moderate particle size and submerged for several days and then justified with the proposed processing machine just before planting rice I can do it. In addition, large-scale management of agriculture will be possible if rice planting and direct sowing can be done without plucking.
As shown in FIG. 11, it is also proposed to arrange the asymmetric shaft of the present invention at the front or rear of the seeding and fertilizer embedding part 26 of the direct seeder and at the front part of the rice transplanter planting part 27 as shown in FIG. 12. . As already explained, the soil structure created after passing through the shaft has the effect of becoming desirable for the growth of seedlings and subsequent rice. In addition, all the rough soil on the rice field is returned to the front by the upper-cut rotation, and a hydrostatic surface and homogeneous mud are secured in the rear embedding part and the planting part, which is a reliable planting operation. Furthermore, disturbing the rice field in combination with rice planting and direct sowing operations will also damage the growing weed buds at that time, which will help to carry out a reliable weeding plan. In addition, since the mud produced by the shaft is fluid, covering the seeds of the coating seeds and wrapping the roots of the seedlings is performed firmly, so that the seedling establishment is improved. Furthermore, in direct sowing, since the soil has a large amount of water permeability, the supply of oxygen is sufficient, sowing is possible without falling from the previous day, and stable budding is obtained.

  Even in upland crop fields, soil with good drainage and soil with good ventilation are required for many crop cultivation. Root vegetables such as Japanese radish and carrots may be finely ground with a single particle size structure in terms of the shape of the product and the texture of the skin, but in general there are many pores and good drainage and sufficient oxygen content The soil has a high yield and good quality crops. There is a general demand for a structure of agglomerated structure with good ventilation and drainage at the bottom, and a fine soil layer that wraps the roots of the crop and supplies fertilizer and water when planting.

This proposal can also be used for field cultivation for general field crop cultivation and direct sowing of dry rice fields. The lower part is a skeleton and maintains many deep pores for a long time. After the treatment axis has passed, a layer of a certain thickness composed of fine soil particles is formed on the treated shaft, and a soil structure preferable for crops is obtained. Fine-grained soil that has been crushed and broken many times by protrusions etc. forms a surface layer that takes in a lot of air. Direct sowing has an effect of stabilizing the germination rate because it requires a large amount of oxygen when the seed buds germinate.

  This processor can be used not only on farms but also on beaches at beaches, snow on ski resorts, and other places. As illustrated in FIG. 10, the uneven surface of the sediment and ground cover is sheared and separated at a desired thickness and constant height to solve it, and the function of mixing air and finishing the surface flatly. have. It also digs out foreign objects such as empty bottles mixed in the surface layer of the processing surface.

  When processing non-consolidated objects such as sand and snow, the height of the protrusions 3 can be increased to be deepened.

Further, if the height of the protrusion 3 is made longer than the height of the blade 2 or the wing-like processing plate 4 is mounted so as to protrude from the peripheral edge of the blade, the spiral blade 2 is used for scraping off the processing surface. Since the resistance received from the processing surface by the shearing action is reduced and the shaft can be easily rotated, it is possible to propose such a shape for the processing surface that is tightly tightened. In this case, the protrusions delay the blade wear.

The apparatus part side view showing the condition which processes a clot while the processing machine of this application advances. Schematic diagram of soil construction proposed in this application. The principal part perspective view of the front of a processing machine showing the structure and its effect | action of this application processing machine. The figure which represents the example of arrangement | positioning of an axis | shaft, and its effect, The abbreviated whole top view showing the condition of the field before and after a process in the left fracture incision part. The principal part perspective view of the processing machine front showing the effect | action of the winged processing board which this application proposes. FIG. 2 is a conceptual plan view showing a configuration example of the present invention, in which upper link arms and the like are omitted. The abbreviated whole top view showing the example of arrangement | positioning of an axis | shaft, and the effect. The abbreviated whole top view showing the example of arrangement | positioning of an axis | shaft, and the effect. The principal part fracture | rupture perspective view of the example which added the unevenness | corrugation to the blade side surface. The apparatus side view showing the condition which processes a snow surface, a sandy beach, a deposit, and a ground cover. The side view of the example which has arrange | positioned the proposed symmetry axis ahead of the advancing direction of the seed or fertilizer embedding part of a direct seeder. The side view of the example which has arrange | positioned the proposed symmetry axis ahead of the advancing direction of a rice transplanter planting part. The conceptual diagram of the soil construction structure by the conventional processor.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 axis | shaft 2 blade 3 protrusion 4 blade-shaped processing board 6 flat plate 7 earth clot 8 crushed soil 9 uniform shaft part 10 PTO shaft 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d universal joint shaft 14 power receiving shaft 16 transmission shaft 18a rotation reversing means 19a, 19b, 19c Winding transmission means 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d Arm 24 Telescopic arm 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d Hinge means 26 Direct seeder seed / fertilizer embedding part 27 Rice transplanter planting part

The present invention relates to a grading method for creating a desirable soil-growing structure for cultivation and a processing machine for implementing the method.

  The method of rice cultivation in our country has changed with various technological innovations. In terms of power, human power has changed to cow and horses have been changing for decades. The mechanization in the field of agriculture has generally progressed and is generally prevalent. On the other hand, waste of fossil fuels in developed countries, including Japan, has become a problem not only in society as a whole, but urgent measures are needed in all aspects to limit the consumption of limited resources and preserve the global environment. It has become.

  Although there are some differences in the cultivation and harmonizing methods of rice fields, there are many examples that are carried out four times: autumn ripening, spring wake-up, rough rake, planting rake. Moreover, rough scraping and planting scraping often scratch the field twice vertically and horizontally. This tends to consume too much fossil fuel compared to the yield produced.

  The machines generally used for roughing scraping and planting scraping are a crushed and leveling rotary and a cage rotor. The former is a method in which mud is generated by crushing and kneading a soil block previously cultivated by roughening or the like by claw attached to the nail shaft, and kneading and stirring the soil mass and water. The effects include the mixing of all layers such as raw manure, the generation of mud to stabilize seedling planting, and the prevention of water leakage from the field.

  However, there is a weak point in this method, and if the soil is scraped too much, it will be kneaded like glue as shown in Fig. 13, and oxygen in the soil will be dissipated, which will lead to the survival and growth of rice. It will cause trouble. It is said that the amount of longitudinal permeation is reduced to 1/5 by a single scraping, 1/10 by 3 times, and 1/100 by 3 times. Further, since the kneading shaft is kneaded to the deep part of the tillage layer, rotational resistance is increased on the nail shaft, and a lot of fuel is consumed, which is not economical. This consumes a lot of precious fossil fuel. Load the global environment with exhaust gas. In addition, because of the rotational resistance, a large number of claws cannot be arranged on the claw shaft.

  In addition, former fertilizer, netting fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, etc. have been applied at appropriate times, but in recent years, batch fertilizers have been developed, and the amount required by the cutting period is several centimeters below the paddy field. If you embed them together in the spring, depending on the accumulated temperature in the soil after that, the necessary amount of ingredients will gradually melt in the required time and the roots will absorb this. In other words, if a batch fertilizer is used, it is not always necessary to mix the original fertilizer in all layers.

In addition, since the roots are dissolved little by little as appropriate and the roots are absorbed accordingly, it is possible to secure a sufficient yield even in fields where there is a large amount of leaked water where there is a risk of dissipating fertilizer. Rather, a moderate water leakage field always supplies oxygen into the soil due to the vertical infiltration of water, so that the roots grow firmly and the yield increases. As for the soil on the cultivator, the yield is better in the aggregate layered structure in which the soil blocks are stacked rather than the homogeneous soil layer. It has been said for a long time that “Goro fields have good roots” and “Water cannot be increased in water that is too watery and corrupt.” This is because oxygen supplied by longitudinal permeation promotes root elongation and assists in the absorption of root nutrients.

Next, the cage rotor is a system in which the cage frame rotates and breaks the clod block, mixes water and soil, and presses the remaining clumps downward. Not only is the surface of the field flat, but the roots and mud are not well-adapted, and the rice planting causes floating seedlings.
JP-A-7-123801 JP-A-6-125617 Jikosho 31-017134 Japanese Patent Publication 40-013163 Japanese Utility Model Sho 62-094702

  Therefore, as a method of harmonizing with the recent fertilization technology and consuming less fossil fuel, we propose a semi-separation crushing method for the upper half-separated pulverization type described in the following paragraph, instead of the conventional stirring method using tilling claws. . It is also proposed to use a screw-like continuous blade as the processing machine.

The one using a spiral processing board has already been put to practical use for surface leveling of upland fields. However, this is a processing plate obtained by processing a ribbon-like plate having a small width into a large-diameter spiral, and the spiral processing plate is held on the shaft by an arm extending from the shaft.
The ribbon-shaped and narrow width is to prevent the soil scene from being unilaterally moved to one side by the spiral rotation and tilting the field scene. This is because it is used to return to the next original article. In addition, the resistance to spiral rotation is reduced by escaping back to the next strip.
This processing machine was developed to level the unevenness of the surface of dry fields and the like, and does not form a soil structure.

Therefore, the following points are listed when the improvement particularly required for a homing machine such as a halo is arranged, and the present invention is for solving these problems.
The lower part of the soil will be kept in a nodule laminated structure.
The upper part of the soil should be fine-grained soil. In the scraping, a necessary amount of fluid and homogeneous mud is generated and stored.
Low fuel consumption by the processor.
Work should be done efficiently.

In order to realize these, first, it is necessary to drastically change the conventional harmonizing method. We propose not to break the aggregated layered structure of the clumps generated due to roughing or the like, that is, to stop the mixing of all layers by tilling nails with the purpose of reducing the consumption of fossil fuel. In addition, a method is proposed in which it is harmonized by a single run by a single process.
Therefore , as shown in Fig. 1, the surface layer of the clump group is peeled off and collected by a necessary amount , and is shredded to generate fine-grained soil and placed on the aggregated laminated structure. Propose.
In this application, the term "homogeneous" means to adjust the structure to the intended state by acting on the object and adding processing.

As a means of implementation, using a continuous blade formed in a spiral manner on the peripheral surface of the shaft and its rotation, it is more than a certain height of the surface layer soil mass of the aggregated laminated soil mass group generated by roughening in advance etc. was separated by shearing at the same time the separate soil pieces isolated attracted, mixtures of its collected Dohen cut construed the minced and砕破and stirred fine soil and or water in a simultaneous parallel therewith It is generated and placed on an unbroken aggregate layered structure clot group below the base surface .
The operation is to advance the shaft while rotating it in the upper cut direction toward the front side of travel so that the cutting, chopping, breaking, stirring, etc. can be repeated during one run .

First, the basic configuration and operation of the proposed processor are as follows.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, this is a view of the processing machine from the front. However, a blade 2 is formed by projecting a spiral continuous plate on the peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 1, and the blade 2. A plurality of projections 3 such as plates or rods are arranged on the circumferential surface of the rotary shaft 1 within the maximum rotation outer diameter of the rotary shaft 1 and arranged so that the axis center line K is substantially parallel or horizontal to the surface to be processed. It is arranged so that it can be driven and rotated in the upper cut direction F toward the forward traveling side, and the blade 2 of this shaft is bitten into the processing target surface while being rotated .

The rotating spiral blade 2 shears and separates the earth lump so that the base surface is formed in a row at a constant height of the surface area of the earth lump group. Then, the pieces separated and separated are collected in a direction A perpendicular to the line connecting the edges of the blade edges of the blades located at the processing surface contact portion while the side surfaces of the blades 2 serve as the pressing plates. At the same time , the projection 3 arranged on the rotating shaft 1 unravels , cuts, engraves, breaks, and agitates the piled up soil pieces M.

Since the shaft 1 is rotated in the upper cut direction F, the protrusion 3 is also rotated in the upper cut direction F. Therefore , the blade rotation is almost perpendicular to the surface R where the protrusion always hits the object to be treated. Kick back outside the maximum outer diameter . In this way, as the player runs repeatedly in the soccer game, kicking the ball forward and repeatedly shattering, stirring, cutting, and chopping, the soil pieces become finer. In paddy fields, it mixes well with water and becomes mud. The resulting mud released from being repeatedly processed slip through the space or the like located between the clod cut base surface by the virtual rotor and helical blades 2 and between the projections 3 of the projection 3 and the projection 3 better flowability Is done . In the dry field, it escapes backward from the space between the virtual rotating body of the projection 3 and the cut base. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, the trace that has passed through the processing machine of the present invention has a certain thickness on the ground mass separation base surface in which the generated homogeneous mud and fine-grained soil are arranged at a constant height T with a spiral blade. Left behind and placed .

However, this alone is still flawed and cannot be used for general purposes. Since the spiral blade 2 is continuous, and rotated in the upper cut direction, the side of the blade 2 is rubbed forward in the direction of travel continually by the rotation of the blade 2, and further to the line connecting the edges of the blade edges. On the other hand, since it is moved unilaterally while being pushed in a direction perpendicular to the direction, the soil is displaced as a result. The spiral of the right screw moves the soil piece to the left side by rotating the upper cut, and the field scene on the left side becomes higher . The left-handed spiral moves the soil piece to the right and the field scene on the right increases . Inevitably, it will not be a horizontal or level farm field. In addition, the group of dirt that accumulates in front of the side surface of the blade resists rotation of the blade.

4 shows the lower half of the shaft 1, the blade 2, the protrusion 3 and the like in the direction of D in FIG. 1 in order to facilitate the explanation. It is proposed that the line K has the required crossing angle P with respect to the housing travel direction H.
The spiral blade 2 pushes the soil piece in the direction A perpendicular to the line connecting the blade tips of the blades located at the processing surface contact portion. The protrusion 3 basically radiates the soil group in a direction B substantially perpendicular to the axial center line K.
As shown in the figure, if the required crossing angle P is provided, the projection 3 projecting from the shaft is a piece of soil with a group of pieces M collected by the spiral blades 2 on the side face as a boundary in the direction of movement H of the frame. It becomes possible to kick back to the side where the original position was located, and it is possible to eliminate the occurrence of the offset of the farm scene by returning the soil piece to the original side.
However, this effect depends on the right / left twist of the spiral twist and the right / left advance of the shaft deployment. Although it depends on the pitch interval of the spiral, if it is twisted to the right by upper cut rotation, it is more effective that the left side of the shaft precedes as shown in FIG. It is the projection 3 right precedes return kick conversely ends up the Hoteki acts in the direction in which similar biasing the A rather than the direction of returning the right direction.

Then, we propose a mechanism emphasis on the unilateral pushes offset soil by further reducing the reliably eliminated by rotational resistance. A plate-like or rod-like projection is fixed or attached to the side surface of the blade 2 projecting in a spiral shape in a direction substantially perpendicular to the blade side surface to form a wing-like projection. It is proposed to provide functions such as earth removal boards and agitation. Since there is a pitch in the spiral, the edge line of the blade edge portion of the spiral blade intersects obliquely with a certain angle rather than a right angle in plan view with respect to the rotation axis center line. The surface S of the processing plate fixed or attached in a direction substantially perpendicular to the blade side surface and the longitudinal line of the bar are directed to the direction of the line of sight of the blade edge of the blade, that is, the edge of the blade.
As shown in FIG. 5, the blade-like treatment plate 4 is rotated in the upper cut direction while being rotated in the upper cut direction. It can be thrown out from the maximum outer diameter of the blade diagonally forward so as to return to the vertical direction, ie, the direction C of the line of sight of the edge of the blade edge, that is, the direction of the side where the soil piece was originally located. . Or you can extrude or play. And the wing-like processing board 4 crushes and agitates the soil piece group every rotation.

  This proposal has a characteristic that even if it is arranged so that the rotation axis center line K is perpendicular to the traveling direction H of the housing, that is, P is 90 degrees, the effect of sufficiently returning to the original position can be exhibited. However, as shown in FIG. 4, when the shaft is advanced to the left in the forward direction and obliquely crossed with the traveling direction, the effect is further increased because the angle at which the obliquely divided pieces are returned to the original is strengthened.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 9, it is proposed to further add unevenness to the side surface of the blade 2. As a result, the soil pieces collected in front of the blade side surface are rubbed in the upper cut direction, that is, in the forward direction by contact friction between the unevenness of the blade side surface portion and the soil piece, and at the same time, the soil piece is crushed and stirred and broken with water. Also do. This also has the same radiation function as the above-described wing-like treatment plate.

  In either proposal, after the shaft has advanced while rotating in the upper cut direction, the crushed soil that has been crushed etc. remains in the form of islands in the rear of the processor as illustrated in FIGS. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, it is assumed that the flat plate 6 provided behind the processor is pressed down and made flat.

Next, an embodiment relating to driving and skew angle adjustment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The homogenizing shaft portion 9 can be moved up and down to a power vehicle such as a tractor via a link mounting means such as a three-point link 12, and is held at a crossing angle with the body axis via a horizontal rotation means.

  The centering shaft portion 9 is provided with a transmission case 13 having a power receiving shaft 14 in the center thereof, and the shaft 1 for performing the operation of the centering is extended from the transmission case 13 to the left and right, and has a transmission shaft 16 built-in. The upper and lower side frames 21 of the upper transmission frame 15 are pivotally mounted on both lower portions of the side transmission case 17a incorporating the rotation reversing means 18a and the winding transmission means 19a via the bearing means 20. In addition to the spiral blade 2, a plurality of protrusions 3 are provided on the peripheral surface of the shaft 1, and a blade-like processing plate 4 is fixed to the side surface of the blade 2.

The driving power is transmitted from the PTO shaft 10 of the power vehicle to the power receiving shaft 14 in the transmission case 13 of the harmonizer by the universal joint shafts 11a and 11b, and this is transmitted to the side by the transmission shaft 16 in the upper transmission frame 15. After being transmitted, the rotation direction is reversed by the rotation reversing means 18a in the side transmission case 17a on the side surface, and the reciprocating shaft 1 positioned at the lowermost position via the winding transmission means 19a is moved in the upper cut direction F. It is the power to drive and rotate.
Further, the angle of the shaft center line of the shaft 1 with respect to the housing traveling direction is adjusted by lever operation from the driver's seat or the like, and the arms 23a, 23b , the three-point link 12, the cover 22, the hinges 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, the telescopic arm This is done by extending / contracting the telescopic arm 24 constituting the horizontal turning means using the hinge means 24. As shown in FIG. 6, the distance between the diagonal hinges of the quadrilateral composed of the arm, the three-point link, and the cover is adjusted by the telescopic arm 24 to adjust the angle of the shaft. Yes.

If the spiral rotary blade 2 is deeply swallowed into the earth and rotated, the amount of processing such as shearing, cutting, crushing, and stirring increases. It becomes less if it is shallower. As a result, this proposal is reasonable in that it can generate mud and finely crushed soil in a necessary amount and there is no waste.

According to the mechanism of the present application, the spiral blade 2 basically forms a flat surface by shearing the surface layer portion of the clod layer, which is the basic portion of soil production, in a row at a certain height. First, horizontal and flatness is basically ensured throughout the field.

Regarding the finishing of the field surface, the above-mentioned rotary shaft 1 is adjusted to the required crossing angle with respect to the moving direction of the chassis, and the leveling and horizontal problems are solved by the action of kicking back by the wing-like treatment plate, protrusions and blade side irregularities. Eliminate. The angle adjustment can also change the direction of the unidirectional resistance reaction force received from the processing surface or the processing piece by the airframe, and can stabilize the traveling of the airframe.

In addition, the present invention is separated because the projection 3, the wing-like treatment plate 4 and the side surface irregularities of the blade not only stir the soil pieces but also dissipate the soil pieces and eliminate the staying soil pieces. There is an effect that the rotational resistance of the shaft caused by pushing the soil piece in the axial direction is reduced accordingly.

Also, mud mass soil with a constant until the following size, also certain always constant fluidity can not pass through such between the lower and the projections 3 of the shaft 1 to the exits fluidity projections 3 Or, only the crushed soil having a certain particle size or less will be left in a convex or divided shape after the shaft through the space between the virtual rotating body of the protrusion and the base surface .
Surface of the clod layer under a fundamental part be basically Hitoshitaira horizontal, in addition to the layer a layer of mud and fine Harrow above that homogeneous or certain fluidity constant thickness is guaranteed by Therefore, the leveling action of the leveling plate 6 that can be considered to be separately attached to this machine is more reliable than any other tillage method .
The present invention can produce soil having a desired property, create a desired soil structure, and achieve a desired surface finish by processing by one run of one shaft.

The generated mud sinks into the interstices of the clumps of aggregated laminar structure that is preserved under the passage of time, and secures an appropriate longitudinal water flow path. 40 days after rice planting, rice is dried once in recent years. However, rice fields prepared in this way are desirable to have different drying shrinkage rates for the aggregates and the mud. It will also make sure cracks and voids at regular intervals and contribute to the healthy growth of rice. Large and small pores and cracks facilitate water permeability and have water retention. On the other hand, it becomes a dry field and the running of the work machine is stable even during harvesting by the combine combine.

In addition, since it is not a method of kneading the clod layer with rotating claws, it does not penetrate the blade from the base surface of the clod layer to the lower part, so it is a process that targets only soil pieces that have been sheared and scraped The rotational resistance of the shaft is very small.

As shown in the example of FIG. 7, the wing-like treatment plate 4 can be thrown out in the direction C, that is, the direction opposite to the one-way direction A by spiral rotation, that is, the direction to return to the original direction. Further, if the area of the processing plate is increased or the direction of the plate surface is directed outward, the amount to be restored is increased and the angle to be restored is further increased. In this way, even if the rotation axis is arranged at right angles to the traveling direction, the wing-shaped processing plate 4 can act so as not to cause the inclination of the rice field due to the movement of the soil.

The rotation of the upper cut is an important factor in the present invention. In the opposite down cut rotation, there is a certain effect, but in that case , the semi-circular cylindrical dent of the trace cut by the blade on the trace that passed through the processing machine, and the island of dirt that has been scraped and left behind Is only left in a diagonal manner. Moreover, the crushing by the protrusions or the like is only once. In other words, since the processing is not repeated , the effect is small.

In unconsolidated soil and soil that has been sufficiently submerged and softened by water immersion for a long time, the wing-like treated plate 4 can be sufficiently harmonized by the level of crushing / stirring action. It is also necessary to add treatment by the surface protrusion 3.

If the rotation axis center line K of the blade is arranged not at a right angle to the traveling direction H of the housing but at a desired angle P as in the example of FIG. 4, the protrusion 3 for crushing or stirring provided on the shaft is provided. Or the blade-like treatment plate 4 attached to the side surface of the blade or the like may cause the soil piece to be thrown out so that the blade is returned to the side opposite to the one-side direction A of pushing the soil by the blade. I can do it.

As shown in the examples of FIGS. 7 and 8, the direction of twisting of the spiral of the blade is made symmetrical on the left and right sides of the axis, the soil block of the field and the surface water of the rice field are collected in the center and stirred, It is also possible to further finely divide and make symmetrical to fill the dent, and to actively move a piece of soil etc. to fill the dent below the base surface . Also, there is an effect that the direction of the reaction force received from the processing surface cancels out on the left and right sides of the shaft and does not reach the traveling machine main body.

When the shaft is arranged in a V shape with the twisting direction symmetrical to the left and right as illustrated in FIG. 8, the shaft surface itself of the rotating shaft only pushes so that the water on the surface is collected in the center as the traveling aircraft progresses. Rather, soil and water are forcibly collected in the center by the rotation of the spiral of the blade. And this will be scattered by the wing-shaped processing board toward both outer sides. This can be used for scratching in well-padded fields. On the other hand, if this is made into a square shape, the blade will bring the soil piece to the center, and the projections, wing-like treatment plate, and blade side surface irregularities will be scattered toward both ends, which can be used in fields and the like.

Spiral twist pitch interval, circumferential protrusion arrangement density, protrusion angle, angle and shape of surface R where protrusion touches the workpiece, shape and width of winged processing board, and attachment according to the soil quality and work purpose The position and arrangement density, the angle of entry into the group of soil pieces, the direction of projecting the soil pieces and the angle of the surface S, the degree of unevenness on the blade side surface, and the like are made effective and balanced. In addition, when the spiral is made into a multi-strand or the rotational speed is increased, the action on the processing surface becomes dense.

  If the height of the shaft 1, the rotational speed, the deployment angle with respect to the running direction, and the deployment angle with respect to the surface of the table and the horizontal can be adjusted at any time, the amount of soil and water on the surface, the projection 3 on the surface and the wing-shaped treatment plate 4 can adjust the efficiency and degree of cutting, chopping, crushing and stirring it, the direction and amount of returning to the original state, the level, leveling and inclination.

  It is also possible to fix the blade-like processing plate 4 to the corners of the blade 2 and the shaft 1 and also to reinforce the bending moment that the blade 2 receives from the soil mass or the like.

The amount of soil that escapes from the shaft depends on the height of the projections and the density of the projections, but the height of the rotating shaft is increased to weaken the rotation, and the angle of the shaft advances in the direction of the line of sight of the edge of the edge of the grounding part. The more you match the direction, the more. On the other hand, a large amount of water on the surface and soil fragments are returned to the front, and the action of crushing and stirring is strongly received.
In this way, during the processing work, the present invention, during the adjustment operation of the processing axis, the aggregate base upper surface height, the uniformity of the farm scene, the level, the amount of mud and fine soil to be generated, the softness of the mud, It can have adjustment functions for mud homogeneity, fine grain size, work efficiency, etc. In practice, the angle, travel height, rotational speed, and the like are adjusted while watching the state of the farm scene being processed from the driver's seat.

An overview of the characteristics of the present method is as follows:
The aggregate structure of the clumps is preserved without breaking.
Level and level the surface of the aggregated laminated structure.
Necessary fine-grained soil and mud are produced by shearing and securing the upper half of the clod group and processing.
The soil quality is managed in the mechanism so as to achieve fine grained soil / mud or uniform properties that meet certain conditions.
Place fine-grained soil and mud on the aggregate structure with uniform thickness.
Level and level the surface of fine-grained soil / mud layer.
Process, generate, and arrange with one axis and one run.
It is done without waste by a rational mechanism.
It is.

Preparation of a planting plant with a soil construction structure proposed by the present invention with a small number of treatments, that is, low fuel consumption, if it is previously cultivated with a block of soil of moderate particle size and submerged for several days and then justified with the proposed processing machine just before planting rice I can do it. In addition, large-scale management of agriculture will be possible if rice planting and direct sowing can be done without plucking.
As shown in FIG. 11, it is also proposed to arrange the asymmetric shaft of the present invention at the front or rear of the seeding and fertilizer embedding part 26 of the direct seeder and at the front part of the rice transplanter planting part 27 as shown in FIG. 12. . As already explained, the soil structure created after passing through the shaft has the effect of becoming desirable for the growth of seedlings and subsequent rice. In addition, all the rough soil on the rice field is returned to the front by the upper-cut rotation, and a hydrostatic surface and homogeneous mud are secured in the rear embedding part and the planting part, which is a reliable planting operation. In addition, disturbing the rice field in combination with rice planting and direct sowing operations may damage the growing weed buds, which will help to carry out a reliable weeding plan. In addition, since the mud produced by the shaft is fluid, covering the seeds of the coating seeds and wrapping the roots of the seedlings is performed firmly, so that the seedling establishment is improved. Furthermore, in direct sowing, since the soil has a large amount of water permeability, the supply of oxygen is sufficient, sowing is possible without falling from the previous day, and stable budding is obtained.

  Even in upland crop fields, soil with good drainage and soil with good ventilation are required for many crop cultivation. Root vegetables such as Japanese radish and carrots may be finely ground with a single particle size structure in terms of the shape of the product and the texture of the skin, but in general there are many pores and good drainage and sufficient oxygen content The soil has a high yield and good quality crops. There is a general demand for a structure of agglomerated structure with good ventilation and drainage at the bottom, and a fine soil layer that wraps the roots of the crop and supplies fertilizer and water when planting.

This proposal can also be used for field cultivation for general field crop cultivation and direct sowing of dry rice fields. The lower part is a skeleton and maintains many deep pores for a long time. After the treatment axis has passed, a layer of a certain thickness composed of fine soil particles is formed on the treated shaft, and a soil structure preferable for crops is obtained. Fine-grained soil that has been crushed and broken many times by protrusions etc. forms a surface layer that takes in a lot of air. Direct sowing has an effect of stabilizing the germination rate because it requires a large amount of oxygen when the seed buds germinate.

This processor can be used not only in the field but also in beaches, sandy beaches in ski resorts, organic fertilizer manufacturing factories and other places. As illustrated in FIG. 10, the uneven surface of the sediment and ground cover is sheared and separated at a desired thickness and constant height to solve it, and the function of mixing air and finishing the surface flatly. have. It also digs out foreign objects such as empty bottles mixed in the surface layer of the processing surface.

The apparatus part side view showing the condition which processes a clot while the processing machine of this application advances. Schematic diagram of soil construction proposed in this application. The principal part perspective view of the front of a processing machine showing the structure and its effect | action of this application processing machine. The figure which represents the example of arrangement | positioning of an axis | shaft, and its effect, The abbreviated whole top view showing the condition of the field before and after a process in the left fracture incision part. The principal part perspective view of the processing machine front showing the effect | action of the winged processing board which this application proposes. FIG. 2 is a conceptual plan view showing a configuration example of the present invention, in which upper link arms and the like are omitted. The abbreviated whole top view showing the example of arrangement | positioning of an axis | shaft, and the effect. The abbreviated whole top view showing the example of arrangement | positioning of an axis | shaft, and the effect. The principal part fracture | rupture perspective view of the example which added the unevenness | corrugation to the blade side surface. The apparatus side view showing the condition which processes a snow surface, a sandy beach, a deposit, and a ground cover. The side view of the example which has arrange | positioned the proposed symmetry axis ahead of the advancing direction of the seed or fertilizer embedding part of a direct seeder. The side view of the example which has arrange | positioned the proposed symmetry axis ahead of the advancing direction of a rice transplanter planting part. The conceptual diagram of the soil construction structure by the conventional processor.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 axis | shaft 2 blade 3 protrusion 4 blade-shaped processing board 6 flat plate 7 earth clot 8 crushed soil 9 uniform shaft part 10 PTO shaft 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d universal joint shaft 14 power receiving shaft 16 transmission shaft 18a rotation reversing means 19a, 19b, 19c Winding transmission means 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d Arm 24 Telescopic arm 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d Hinge means 26 Direct seeder seed / fertilizer embedding part 27 Rice transplanter planting part

  The present invention relates to a grading method for creating a desirable soil-growing structure for cultivation and a processing machine for implementing the method.

  The method of rice cultivation in our country has changed with various technological innovations. In terms of power, human power has changed to cow and horses have been changing for decades. The mechanization in the field of agriculture has generally progressed and is generally prevalent. On the other hand, waste of fossil fuels in developed countries, including Japan, has become a problem not only in society as a whole, but urgent measures are needed in all aspects to limit the consumption of limited resources and preserve the global environment. It has become.

  Although there are some differences in the cultivation and harmonizing method of rice fields, there are many examples that are carried out four times: autumn wake-up, spring wake-up, rough rake, planting rake. Moreover, rough scraping and planting scraping often scratch the field twice vertically and horizontally. This may cause too much fossil fuel to be consumed compared to the yield produced.

  The machines generally used for roughing scraping and planting scraping are a crushed and leveling rotary and a cage rotor. The former is a method in which mud is generated by crushing and kneading a soil block previously cultivated by roughening or the like by claw attached to the nail shaft, and kneading and stirring the soil mass and water. The effects include the mixing of all layers such as raw manure, the generation of mud to stabilize seedling planting, and the prevention of water leakage from the field.

  However, there is a weak point in this method, and if the soil is scraped too much, it will be kneaded like glue as shown in Fig. 13, and oxygen in the soil will be dissipated, which will lead to the survival and growth of rice. It will cause trouble. It is said that the amount of longitudinal permeation is reduced to 1/5 by a single scraping, 1/10 by 3 times, and 1/100 by 3 times. Further, since the kneading shaft is kneaded to the deep part of the tillage layer, rotational resistance is increased on the nail shaft, and a lot of fuel is consumed, which is not economical. This consumes a lot of precious fossil fuel. Load the global environment with exhaust gas. In addition, because of the rotational resistance, a large number of claws cannot be arranged on the claw shaft.

  In addition, former fertilizer, netting fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, etc. have been applied at appropriate times, but in recent years, batch fertilizers have been developed, and the amount required by the cutting period is several centimeters below the paddy field. If you embed them together in the spring, depending on the accumulated temperature in the soil after that, the necessary amount of ingredients will gradually melt in the required time and the roots will absorb this. In other words, if a batch fertilizer is used, it is not always necessary to mix the original fertilizer in all layers.

In addition, since the roots are dissolved little by little as appropriate and the roots are absorbed accordingly, it is possible to secure a sufficient yield even in fields where there is a large amount of leaked water where there is a risk of dissipating fertilizer. Rather, a moderate water leakage field always supplies oxygen into the soil due to the vertical infiltration of water, so that the roots grow firmly and the yield increases. As for the soil on the cultivator, the yield is better in the aggregate layered structure in which the soil blocks are stacked rather than the homogeneous soil layer. It has been said for a long time that “Goro fields have good roots” and “Water cannot be increased in water that is too watery and corrupt.” This is because oxygen supplied by longitudinal permeation promotes root elongation and assists in the absorption of root nutrients.

Next, the cage rotor is a system in which the cage frame rotates and breaks the clod block, mixes water and soil, and presses the remaining clumps downward. Not only is the surface of the field flat, but the roots and mud are not well-adapted, and the rice planting causes floating seedlings.
JP-A-7-123801 JP-A-6-125617 Jikosho 31-017134 Japanese Patent Publication 40-013163 Japanese Utility Model Sho 62-094702

So as Seisei method consumes less fossil fuel while still conforming to the recent fertilization techniques, proposed Seisei method of the surface layer on the semi-isolation fine砕型description in the following sections rather than all layers stirring system so far by tilling claws To do. It is also proposed to use a screw-like continuous blade as the processing machine.

The one using a spiral processing board has already been put to practical use for surface leveling of upland fields. However, this is a processing plate obtained by processing a ribbon-like plate having a small width into a large-diameter spiral, and the spiral processing plate is held on the shaft by an arm extending from the shaft.
The ribbon-shaped and narrow width is to prevent the soil scene from being unilaterally moved to one side by the spiral rotation and tilting the field scene. This is because it is used to return to the next original article. In addition, the resistance to spiral rotation is reduced by escaping back to the next strip.
This processing machine was developed to level the unevenness of the surface of dry fields and the like, and does not form a soil structure.

Therefore, the following points are listed when the improvement particularly required for a homing machine such as a halo is arranged, and the present invention is for solving these problems.
The lower part of the soil will be kept in a nodule laminated structure.
The upper part of the soil should be fine-grained soil. In the scraping, a necessary amount of fluid and homogeneous mud is generated and stored.
Low fuel consumption by the processor.
Work should be done efficiently.

In order to realize these, first, it is necessary to drastically change the conventional harmonizing method. We propose not to break the aggregated layered structure of the clumps generated due to roughing or the like, that is, to stop the mixing of all layers by tilling nails with the purpose of reducing the consumption of fossil fuel. In addition, a method is proposed in which it is harmonized by a single run by a single process.
Therefore, as shown in Fig. 1 , the surface layer part of the clump group is separated by shearing etc. to collect the necessary amount, and it is shredded simultaneously to produce fine-grained soil and placed on the aggregated laminated structure Suggest to do.
In this application, the term "homogeneous" means to adjust the structure to the intended state by acting on the object and adding processing.

As a means of implementation, using a continuous blade formed in a spiral manner on the peripheral surface of the shaft and its rotation, it is more than a certain height of the surface layer soil mass of the aggregated laminated soil mass group generated by roughening in advance etc. The separated pieces are collected and isolated at the same time, and at the same time, the collected pieces are broken, cut, chopped, crushed, and stirred to form fine-grained soil or a mixture of water and it. It is generated and placed on an unbroken aggregate layered structure clot group below the base surface.
The operation is to advance the shaft while rotating it in the upper cut direction toward the front side of travel so that the cutting, chopping, breaking, stirring, etc. can be repeated during one run.

First, the basic configuration and operation of the proposed processor are as follows.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, this is a view of the processing machine from the front. However, a blade 2 is formed by projecting a spiral continuous plate on the peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 1, and the blade 2. A plurality of projections 3 such as plates or rods are arranged on the circumferential surface of the rotary shaft 1 within the maximum rotation outer diameter of the rotary shaft 1 and arranged so that the axis center line K is substantially parallel or horizontal to the surface to be processed. It is arranged so that it can be driven and rotated in the upper cut direction F toward the forward traveling side, and the blade 2 of this shaft is bitten into the processing target surface while being rotated.

The rotating spiral blade 2 shears and separates the earth lump so that the base surface is formed in a row at a constant height of the surface area of the earth lump group. Then, the pieces separated and separated are collected in a direction A perpendicular to the line connecting the edges of the blade edges of the blades located at the processing surface contact portion while the side surfaces of the blades 2 serve as the pressing plates. At the same time, the projection 3 arranged on the rotating shaft 1 unravels, cuts, engraves, breaks, and agitates the piled up soil pieces M.

Since the shaft 1 is rotated in the upper cut direction F, the protrusion 3 is also rotated in the upper cut direction F. Therefore, the blade rotation is almost perpendicular to the surface R where the protrusion always hits the object to be treated. Kick back outside the maximum outer diameter. In this way, as the player runs repeatedly in a soccer game, kicking the ball forward repeatedly breaks the pieces while crushing, stirring, cutting, and chopping. In paddy fields, it mixes well with water and becomes mud. The generated mud is improved in fluidity and freed from being repeatedly processed by rubbing through the space between the protrusions 3 and 3 or between the virtual rotating body of the protrusions 3 and the ground cut surface by the spiral blade 2. Is done. In the dry field, it escapes backward from the space between the virtual rotating body of the projection 3 and the cut base. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, the trace that has passed through the processing machine of the present invention has a certain thickness on the ground mass separation base surface in which the generated homogeneous mud and fine-grained soil are arranged at a constant height T with a spiral blade. Left behind and placed.

  However, this alone is still flawed and cannot be used for general purposes. Since the spiral blade 2 is continuous, and rotated in the upper cut direction, the side of the blade 2 is rubbed forward in the direction of travel continually by the rotation of the blade 2, and further to the line connecting the edges of the blade edges. On the other hand, since it is moved unilaterally while being pushed in a direction perpendicular to the direction, the soil is displaced as a result. The spiral of the right screw moves the soil piece to the left side by rotating the upper cut, and the field scene on the left side becomes higher. The left-handed spiral moves the soil piece to the right and the field scene on the right increases. Inevitably, it will not be a horizontal or level farm field. In addition, the group of dirt that accumulates in front of the side surface of the blade resists rotation of the blade.

FIG. 4 shows the lower half of the shaft 1, the blade 2, the protrusion 3 and the like in the direction D in FIG. 1 in order to facilitate the explanation. It is proposed that the line K has the required crossing angle P with respect to the body travel direction H.
The spiral blade 2 pushes the soil piece in the direction A perpendicular to the line connecting the blade tips of the blades located at the processing surface contact portion. The protrusion 3 basically radiates the soil group in a direction B substantially perpendicular to the axial center line K.
As shown in the figure, if the required crossing angle P is provided, the projection 3 projecting from the shaft is a piece of soil with a group of soil pieces M collected by the spiral blades 2 on the side face as a boundary in the line H in the frame traveling direction. Can be kicked back to the side where it was originally located, and it is possible to eliminate the deviation of the farm scene due to the soil piece being restored.
However, this effect depends on the right / left twist of the spiral twist and the right / left advance of the shaft deployment. Although it depends on the pitch interval of the spiral, if it is twisted to the right by upper cut rotation, it is more effective that the left side of the shaft precedes as shown in FIG. On the other hand, when the right side precedes, the protrusion 3 kicks back, not in the right direction, but in the same direction as A, but in the direction of deviating.

Next, we propose a mechanism that emphasizes the reduction of rotational resistance by more reliably eliminating the soil offset due to unilateral pushing. A plate-shaped or protrusions, such as bar-like on the side surface of the helically projecting the blade 2 and protrude substantially perpendicularly to the blade side a wing-like projection, in this application called winged processing plate 4, a blade It is proposed to have functions such as mixing and stirring. Since there is a pitch in the spiral, the edge line of the blade edge portion of the spiral blade intersects obliquely with a certain angle rather than a right angle in plan view with respect to the rotation axis center line. The surface S of the processing plate projecting in a direction substantially perpendicular to the blade side surface and the longitudinal line of the bar face the direction of the line of sight of the blade edge of the blade, that is, the edge of the blade.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, the blade-shaped processing plate 4 is rotated in the upper cut direction while rotating in the upper cut direction, and the wing-like processing plate 4 is perpendicular to the plate surface, and the vertical length of the rods and pins to the blade surface. In other words, it is possible to shoot out from the maximum outer diameter of the blade diagonally forward so as to return to the direction C, ie, the line-of-sight direction C of the edge line of the blade edge, that is, the direction of the side where the soil piece was originally located. Or you can extrude or play. And the wing-like process board 4 crushes and agitates the soil group for every rotation.

  This proposal has a characteristic that even if it is arranged so that the rotation axis center line K is perpendicular to the traveling direction H of the housing, that is, P is 90 degrees, the effect of sufficiently returning to the original state can be exhibited. However, as shown in FIG. 4, when the shaft is advanced to the left in the forward direction and obliquely crossed with the traveling direction, the effect is further increased because the angle at which the obliquely divided pieces are returned to the original is strengthened.

Next, as illustrated in FIG. 9, it is also conceivable that irregularities are further added to the side surface of the blade 2. As a result, the soil pieces collected in front of the blade side surface are rubbed in the upper cut direction, that is, in the forward direction by contact friction between the unevenness of the blade side surface portion and the soil piece, and at the same time, the soil piece is crushed and stirred and broken with water. Also do. This also has the same radiation function as the above-described wing-like treatment plate.

  In either proposal, after the shaft has advanced while rotating in the upper cut direction, the crushed soil that has been crushed etc. remains as a split island in the rear of the processor as illustrated in FIGS. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, it is assumed that the flat plate 6 provided behind the processor is pressed down and made flat.

  Next, an embodiment relating to driving and skew angle adjustment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The homogenizing shaft portion 9 can be moved up and down to a power vehicle such as a tractor via a link mounting means such as a three-point link 12, and is held at a crossing angle with the body axis via a horizontal rotation means.

  The centering shaft portion 9 is provided with a transmission case 13 having a power receiving shaft 14 in the center thereof, and the shaft 1 for performing the operation of the centering is extended from the transmission case 13 to the left and right, and has a transmission shaft 16 built-in. The upper and lower side frames 21 of the upper transmission frame 15 are pivotally mounted on both lower portions of the side transmission case 17a incorporating the rotation reversing means 18a and the winding transmission means 19a via the bearing means 20. In addition to the spiral blade 2, a plurality of protrusions 3 are provided on the peripheral surface of the asymmetry shaft 1, and a blade-like treatment plate 4 is fixed to the side surface of the blade 2.

The driving power is transmitted from the PTO shaft 10 of the power vehicle to the power receiving shaft 14 in the transmission case 13 of the harmonizer by the universal joint shafts 11a and 11b, and this is transmitted to the side by the transmission shaft 16 in the upper transmission frame 15. After being transmitted, the rotation direction is reversed by the rotation reversing means 18a in the side transmission case 17a on the side surface, and the reciprocating shaft 1 positioned at the lowermost position via the winding transmission means 19a is moved in the upper cut direction F. It is the power to drive and rotate.
Further, the angle of the shaft center line of the shaft 1 with respect to the housing traveling direction is adjusted by lever operation from the driver's seat or the like, and the arms 23a, 23b, the three-point link 12, the cover 22, the hinges 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, the telescopic arm This is done by extending / contracting the telescopic arm 24 constituting the horizontal turning means using the hinge means 24. As shown in FIG. 6, the distance between the diagonal hinges of the quadrilateral composed of the arm, the three-point link, and the cover is adjusted by the telescopic arm 24 to adjust the angle of the shaft. Yes.

If the spiral rotary blade 2 is deeply swallowed into the earth and rotated, the amount of processing such as shearing, cutting, crushing, and stirring increases. It becomes less if it is shallower. As a result, this proposal is reasonable in that it can generate mud and finely crushed soil in a necessary amount and there is no waste.

  According to the mechanism of the present application, the spiral blade 2 basically forms a flat surface by shearing the surface layer portion of the clod layer, which is the basic portion of soil production, in a row at a certain height. First, horizontal and flatness is basically ensured throughout the field.

Regarding the finishing of the field surface, the leveling and leveling problems are solved by the mechanism of adjusting the rotation axis 1 to the required crossing angle with respect to the moving direction of the chassis, and the action of kicking back by the wing-like processing plates and protrusions. The angle adjustment can also change the direction of the unidirectional resistance reaction force received from the processing surface or the processing piece by the airframe, and can stabilize the traveling of the airframe.

Further, the present invention has a function that the projection 3 and the wing-like treatment plate 4 not only stir the soil pieces but also dissipate the soil pieces to eliminate the staying soil pieces, so that the separated pieces are centered. There is an effect that the rotational resistance of the shaft due to pushing in the direction is reduced accordingly.

In addition, mud always has a constant fluidity because the lump of soil cannot pass under the shaft 1 or between the projections 3 until the fluidity reaches a certain size. Or, only the crushed soil having a certain particle size or less will be left in a convex or divided shape after the shaft through the space between the virtual rotating body of the protrusion and the base surface.
The surface of the lower layer, which is the basic part, is basically horizontal and leveled. In addition, the upper mud and crushed soil layer is a layer that guarantees a uniform or constant fluidity and a constant thickness. Therefore, the leveling action of the leveling plate 6 that can be considered to be separately attached to this machine is more reliable than any other tillage method.
The present invention can produce soil having a desired property, create a desired soil structure, and achieve a desired surface finish by processing by one run of one shaft.

The generated mud sinks into the interstices of the clumps of aggregated laminar structure that is preserved under the passage of time, and secures an appropriate longitudinal water flow path. 40 days after rice planting, rice is dried once in recent years. However, rice fields prepared in this way are desirable to have different drying shrinkage rates for the aggregates and the mud. It will also make sure cracks and voids at regular intervals and contribute to the healthy growth of rice. Large and small pores and cracks facilitate water permeability and have water retention. On the other hand, it becomes a dry field and the running of the work machine is stable even during harvesting by the combine combine.

  In addition, since it is not a method of kneading the clod layer with rotating claws, it does not penetrate the blade from the base surface of the clod layer to the lower part, so it is a process that targets only soil pieces that have been sheared and scraped The rotational resistance of the shaft is very small.

  As shown in the example of FIG. 7, the wing-like treatment plate 4 can be thrown out in the direction C, that is, the direction opposite to the one-way direction A by spiral rotation, that is, the direction to return to the original direction. Further, if the area of the processing plate is increased or the direction of the plate surface is directed outward, the amount to be restored is increased and the angle to be restored is further increased. In this way, even if the rotation axis is arranged at right angles to the traveling direction, the wing-like treatment plate 4 can act so as not to cause the inclination of the rice field due to the movement of the soil.

  The rotation of the upper cut is an important factor in the present invention. In the opposite down cut rotation, there is a certain effect, but in that case, the semi-circular cylindrical dent of the trace cut by the blade on the trace that passed through the processing machine, and the island of dirt that has been scraped and left behind Remains diagonally. Moreover, the crushing by the protrusions or the like is only once. In other words, since the processing is not repeated, the effect is small.

In unconsolidated soil and soil that has been sufficiently submerged and softened by water immersion for a long time, the wing-like treated plate 4 can be sufficiently harmonized by the level of crushing / stirring action. It is also necessary to add treatment by the surface protrusion 3.

If the rotation axis center line K of the blade is arranged not at a right angle to the traveling direction H of the housing but at a desired angle P as in the example of FIG. 4, the protrusion 3 for crushing or stirring provided on the shaft is provided. In addition, the angle of the blade can be increased so that the blade-like treatment plate 4 protruding from the side of the blade returns to the side opposite to the direction A in which the blade is pushed by the blade.

  As shown in the examples of FIGS. 7 and 8, the direction of twisting of the spiral of the blade is made symmetrical on the left and right sides of the axis, the soil block of the field and the surface water of the rice field are collected in the center and stirred, It is also possible to further finely divide and make symmetrical to fill the dent, and to actively move a piece of soil etc. to fill the dent below the base surface. Also, there is an effect that the direction of the reaction force received from the processing surface cancels out on the left and right sides of the shaft and does not reach the traveling machine main body.

  When the shaft is arranged in a V shape with the twisting direction symmetrical to the left and right as illustrated in FIG. 8, the shaft surface itself of the rotating shaft only pushes so that the water on the surface is collected in the center as the traveling aircraft progresses. Rather, soil and water are forcibly collected in the center by the rotation of the spiral of the blade. And this is scattered by the wing-like processing plate toward both outer sides. This can be used for scratching in well-padded fields. On the contrary, if this is made into a square shape, the blade will bring the soil pieces to the center, and the projections and wing-like processing plates will be scattered toward both ends, which can be used in fields.

  Spiral twist pitch interval, circumferential protrusion arrangement density, protrusion angle, angle and shape of surface R where protrusion touches the workpiece, shape and width of winged processing board, and attachment according to the soil quality and work purpose The configuration is effective and balanced in terms of position, arrangement density, angle of entry into the group of pieces, direction of throwing out the pieces and angle of the surface S, and the like. In addition, when the spiral is made into a multi-strand or the rotational speed is increased, the action on the processing surface becomes dense.

  If the travel height of the shaft 1, the rotational speed, the deployment angle with respect to the traveling direction, the deployment angle with respect to the paddy field and the horizontal surface can be adjusted at any time, the amount of dirt and paddy water, the circumferential protrusion 3 and the wing-like treatment plate 4 However, it is possible to adjust the efficiency and degree of cutting, chopping, crushing, and stirring, the direction and amount of releasing and restoring, the level, leveling, and inclination.

  It is also possible to fix the blade-like processing plate 4 to the corners of the blade 2 and the shaft 1 and also to reinforce the bending moment that the blade 2 receives from the soil mass or the like.

The amount of soil that escapes from the shaft depends on the height of the projections and the density of the projections, but the height of the rotating shaft is increased to weaken the rotation, and the angle of the shaft advances in the direction of the line of sight of the edge of the edge of the grounding part. The more you match the direction, the more. On the other hand, a large amount of water on the surface and soil fragments are returned to the front, and the action of crushing and stirring is strongly received.
In this way, during the processing work, the present invention, during the adjustment operation of the processing axis, the aggregate base upper surface height, the uniformity of the farm scene, the level, the amount of mud and fine soil to be generated, the softness of the mud, It can have adjustment functions for mud homogeneity, fine grain size, work efficiency, etc. In practice, the angle, travel height, rotational speed, and the like are adjusted while watching the state of the farm scene being processed from the driver's seat.

An overview of the characteristics of the present method is as follows:
The aggregate structure of the clumps is preserved without breaking.
Level and level the surface of the aggregated laminated structure.
Necessary fine-grained soil and mud are generated by shearing and securing the upper half of the soil mass group and processing.
The soil quality is managed in the mechanism so as to achieve fine grained soil / mud or uniform properties that meet certain conditions.
Place fine-grained soil and mud on the aggregate structure with uniform thickness.
Level and level the surface of fine-grained soil / mud layer.
Process, generate, and arrange with one axis and one run.
It is done without waste by a rational mechanism.
It is.

Preparation of a planting plant with a soil construction structure proposed by the present invention with a small number of treatments, that is, low fuel consumption, if it is previously cultivated with a block of soil of moderate particle size and submerged for several days and then justified with the proposed processing machine just before planting rice I can do it. In addition, large-scale management of agriculture will be possible if rice planting and direct sowing can be done without plucking.
As shown in FIG. 11, it is also proposed to arrange the asymmetric shaft of the present invention at the front or rear of the seeding and fertilizer embedding part 26 of the direct seeder and at the front part of the rice transplanter planting part 27 as shown in FIG. 12. . As already explained, the soil structure created after passing through the shaft has the effect of becoming desirable for the growth of seedlings and subsequent rice. In addition, all the rough soil on the rice field is returned to the front by the upper-cut rotation, and a hydrostatic surface and homogeneous mud are secured in the rear embedding part and the planting part, which is a reliable planting operation. In addition, disturbing the rice field in combination with rice planting and direct sowing operations may damage the growing weed buds, which will help to carry out a reliable weeding plan. In addition, since the mud produced by the shaft is fluid, covering the seeds of the coating seeds and wrapping the roots of the seedlings is performed firmly, so that the seedling establishment is improved. Furthermore, in direct sowing, since the soil has a large amount of water permeability, the supply of oxygen is sufficient, sowing is possible without falling from the previous day, and stable budding is obtained.

  Even in upland crop fields, soil with good drainage and soil with good ventilation are required for many crop cultivation. Root vegetables such as Japanese radish and carrots may be finely ground with a single particle size structure in terms of the shape of the product and the texture of the skin, but in general there are many pores and good drainage and sufficient oxygen content The soil has a high yield and good quality crops. There is a general demand for a structure of agglomerated structure with good ventilation and drainage at the bottom, and a fine soil layer that wraps the roots of the crop and supplies fertilizer and water when planting.

This proposal can also be used for field cultivation for general field crop cultivation and direct sowing of dry rice fields. In the lower part, the soil mass becomes a skeleton and maintains many deep pores for a long time. After the treatment axis passes, a layer of a certain thickness composed of fine soil particles is formed on the treated shaft, and a soil structure preferable for crops is obtained. A fine-grained soil that has been crushed and broken many times by protrusions or the like forms a surface layer that takes in a lot of air. Direct sowing has the effect of stabilizing the germination rate because it requires a large amount of oxygen when the seed buds germinate.

  This processor can be used not only in the field but also in beaches, sandy beaches in ski resorts, organic fertilizer manufacturing factories and other places. As illustrated in FIG. 10, the uneven surface of the sediment and ground cover is sheared and separated at a desired thickness and constant height to solve it, and the function of mixing air and finishing the surface flatly. have. It also digs out foreign objects such as empty bottles mixed in the surface layer of the processing surface.

The apparatus part side view showing the condition which processes a clot while the example of the processing machine of this application advances. Schematic diagram of soil construction proposed in this application. The principal part perspective view of the front of a processing machine showing the example of a structure of this application processing machine, and its effect | action. The figure which represents the example of arrangement | positioning of an axis | shaft, and its effect, The abbreviated whole top view showing the condition of the field before and after a process in the left fracture incision part. The principal part perspective view of the processing machine front showing the example of the winged processing board which this application proposes, and its effect | action. FIG. 2 is a conceptual plan view showing a configuration example of the present invention, in which upper link arms and the like are omitted. The abbreviated whole top view showing the example of arrangement | positioning of an axis | shaft, and the effect. The abbreviated whole top view showing the example of arrangement | positioning of an axis | shaft, and the effect. The principal part fracture | rupture perspective view of the example which added the unevenness | corrugation to the blade side surface. The apparatus side view showing the condition which processes a snow surface, a sandy beach, a deposit, and a ground cover. The side view of the example which has arrange | positioned the proposed symmetry axis ahead of the advancing direction of the seed or fertilizer embedding part of a direct seeder. The side view of the example which has arrange | positioned the proposed symmetry axis ahead of the advancing direction of a rice transplanter planting part. The conceptual diagram of the soil construction structure by the conventional processor.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Axis 2 Blade 3 Protrusion 4 Wing-like processing board 6 Flat plate 7 Clot 8 Crushing earth 9 Uniform shaft part 10 PTO shaft 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d Universal joint shaft 14 Power receiving shaft 16 Transmission shaft 18a Rotation reversing means 19a, 19b , 19c Winding transmission means 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d Arm 24 Telescopic arm 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d Hinge means 26 Direct seeder seed / fertilizer embedding part 27 Rice transplanter planting part

Claims (9)

  Separating a certain height of the mass of clots and forming a base surface there, collecting the separated soil pieces, cutting, crushing or stirring, and then forming a fine soil or mud layer on the base surface A homogenization method characterized in that it is placed without any deviation to form a soil construction structure for cultivation. A plurality of plate-like, rod-like, or pin-like projections are arranged on the peripheral surface of a shaft with a spiral continuous blade projecting on the peripheral surface. It is arranged so that it can be parallel or horizontal and can be at a right angle or a desired angle with respect to the direction of travel of the aircraft, and it is equipped with a mechanism for driving and rotating it in the upper cut direction toward the front side of travel. A rhythming machine characterized in that it performs processing and harmonizing by acting on the object to be processed by the rotation and the advance of the machine.   In a shaft with a spiral continuous blade projecting on the peripheral surface, a plate-like, rod-like or pin-like projection is fixed or attached to the side of the blade almost vertically to make a wing-like treatment plate, and the axis is the axis center The line is arranged so that it is almost parallel or horizontal to the surface to be processed and has a right angle or a desired angle with respect to the direction of travel of the aircraft, and this is driven to rotate in the upper cut direction toward the front side of travel. The processing object retained on the side surface of the blade by the rotation of the blade-shaped processing plate accompanying the rotation of the blade is pushed out in the direction of the line of sight of the edge of the blade. A rhythmic machine that performs processing and harmonizing by crushing and stirring the object to be processed at the same time, while radiating in the direction of swaying or flipping out.   The rhythmic machine according to claim 2 or 3, wherein irregularities are added to the side surface of the blade.   The harmonizing machine according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the direction of twisting of the spiral of the blade is symmetric with respect to the right and left of the axis.   The crossing angle between the shaft center line and the advancing direction of the machine body can be freely adjusted via a horizontal turning device between the power vehicle and the balancing shaft portion. The rhythmic machine according to any one of Items.   A rice transplanter in which the rhythmic machine according to any one of claims 2 to 6 is disposed forward of the rice transplanter planting part in the traveling direction.   A direct sowing machine in which the sizing machine according to any one of claims 2 to 6 is disposed in front of or behind the fertilizer or seed embedding part of the direct sowing machine.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the soil is read as snow, sand, sediment, or ground cover, and they are harmonized.