JP2008222901A - Carbonization apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbonization apparatus which efficiently purifies an exhaust gas. <P>SOLUTION: The carbonization apparatus to carbonize a material to be treated comprises a first exhaust passage 50 to collect gases discharged from a carbonization pretreatment chamber (charge preliminary chamber 1) and carbonization posttreatment chambers (second cooling chamber 6 and cooling preliminary chamber 7) which are not adjacent to carbonization chambers (first carbonization chamber 3 and second carbonization chamber 4) and introduce them to a first odor and smoke reduction apparatus 51, and a second exhaust passage 60 to collect gases discharged from carbonization chambers (first carbonization chamber 3 and second carbonization chamber 4) and a carbonization pretreatment chamber (preliminary heating chamber 2) and a carbonization posttreatment chamber (first cooling chamber 5) which are adjacent to the carbonization chambers and introduce them to a second odor and smoke reduction apparatus 61. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an improvement of a carbonization apparatus that carbonizes organic matter such as waste to be discarded.

  Conventionally, as this type of carbonization apparatus, there is a resource recovery type waste processing system that thermally decomposes a processed material such as garbage and regenerates it into oil, gas, carbide, or the like. This system is provided with a plurality of processing chambers closed in series through a shut-off door, and in each processing chamber, a loading process, a preheating process, a thermal decomposition (dry distillation) process, a cooling process, a carrying out process, etc. are sequentially performed. (See Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2).

  The system disclosed in Patent Document 1 cools the gas discharged from each processing chamber to separate the oil, and finally divides the surplus gas after cooling and the gas discharged from each processing chamber into two systems. The gas collected in each system is combusted by two deodorizing and smoke eliminating devices and discharged to the outside.

The system disclosed in Patent Document 2 cools the gas discharged from each processing chamber to separate oil, collects the metal in the gas, and finally combines the gas subjected to these processes into one system. It collects and discharges.
JP-A-8-283594 JP-A-9-248549

  However, in such a conventional carbonization apparatus, the purification process is performed by collecting and purifying gases having significantly different properties such as the amount of heat. Therefore, the efficiency of the exhaust gas purification process is low, and the purification apparatus increases in size. There was a problem.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a carbonization apparatus that efficiently purifies exhaust gas.

  The present invention includes a plurality of carbonization pretreatment chambers in which a process before pyrolyzing a processed product is performed, a carbonization chamber in which the processed product is heated and pyrolyzed, and a plurality of processes in which the processed product is pyrolyzed is performed. Post-carbonization treatment chambers, each pre-carbonization treatment chamber and carbonization chamber arranged in series, a shut-off door that closes each post-carbonization treatment chamber, a transport means that opens and closes the shut-off door and conveys the processed material, and before each carbonization A carbonization device comprising a treatment chamber, a carbonization chamber, and first and second deodorizing and deodorizing devices that combust gas discharged from each of the post-carbonization treatment chambers and discharge the same to the outside, and carbonizes the processed product. A first exhaust passage for collecting gas discharged from a pre-carbonization treatment chamber not adjacent to the carbonization chamber and a post-carbonization treatment chamber not adjacent to the carbonization chamber and leading to the first deodorization and smoke eliminating device, and to the carbonization chamber and the carbonization chamber Collect the gas discharged from the adjacent pre-carbonization chamber and the post-carbonization chamber adjacent to the carbonization chamber to collect the second deodorant. Further comprising a second exhaust gas passage leading to apparatus and those characterized.

  According to the present invention, a gas having a low calorific value is led to the first deodorization and smoke eliminating device through the first exhaust passage, so that the furnace of the first deodorization and smoke eliminating device can be downsized and gas deodorization can be efficiently performed. On the other hand, the gas having a high heat quantity is led to the second deodorization and smoke eliminating device through the second exhaust passage, so that the capacity of the second deodorization and smoke eliminating device furnace is sufficiently secured and the gas is deodorized. At the same time, the combustible components of the gas can be burned and detoxified, preventing abnormal combustion and explosion.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a carbonization apparatus that thermally decomposes and carbonizes an organic matter to be discarded will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the carbonization apparatus includes a charging preliminary chamber 1, a preliminary heating chamber 2, a first carbonizing chamber 3, a second carbonizing chamber 4, a first cooling chamber 5, and a second along the flow direction of the carbonization process. A cooling chamber 6 and a cooling spare chamber 7 are provided. As shown by the arrows in FIG. 1, the processing object (carbide) introduced into the charging preliminary chamber 1 is sequentially transferred to the processing chambers 1 to 7 and is processed in the processing chambers 1 to 7 as will be described later. The process for carbonizing the organic matter is sequentially performed, and the carbide is taken out from the cooling preliminary chamber 7.

  In addition, the number of installation of each processing chamber 1-7 mentioned above is not restricted to this, You may increase / decrease according to the processing capability etc. which are requested | required. For example, not only the two first and second carbonization chambers 3 and 4 but three or more carbonization chambers may be provided.

  A carbonization apparatus is provided with the container in which a processed material is put as a conveyance means, and the conveyor which conveys this container. This conveyor extends over the inside and outside of each of the processing chambers 1 to 7, and conveys the container in the flow direction (substantially horizontal direction) indicated by an arrow.

  The carbonization apparatus includes blocking doors 11 to 18 as means for opening and closing the processing chambers 1 to 7. Each of the blocking doors 11 to 18 is moved up and down via a drive mechanism (not shown), and when it is pulled up to a predetermined open position, the doors of the processing chambers 1 to 7 are opened so that containers conveyed through the conveyor can pass through. On the other hand, when pulled down to a predetermined closed position, the entrances and exits of the processing chambers 1 to 7 are closed, and the processing chambers 1 to 7 are sealed.

  Each of the processing chambers 1 to 7 includes a nitrogen gas injection pipe 20 for injecting nitrogen gas and exhaust pipes 21 to 27 for exhausting the indoor gas. Nitrogen gas is injected through the nitrogen gas injection pipe 20, and a low oxygen concentration atmosphere is formed by nitrogen replacement in which the indoor gas is forcibly discharged through the exhaust pipes 21 to 27.

  The first carbonization chamber 3 and the second carbonization chamber 4 are provided side by side in the center in the flow direction of the carbonization process. In the first carbonization chamber 3 and the second carbonization chamber 4, the processed material in the container is heated at a predetermined temperature condition (for example, about 360 ° C. to 450 ° C.) by a heater (not shown), and the processed material is burned in a low oxygen concentration atmosphere. Instead, pyrolyze (dry distillation) and carbonize. In the first carbonization chamber 3 and the second carbonization chamber 4, a high-calorie dry distillation gas is generated from the processed material by this thermal decomposition, and from the first carbonization chamber 3 and the second carbonization chamber 4 to the exhaust pipes 23 and 24 by nitrogen replacement. The concentration of combustible components in the exhausted gas is high.

  In this way, the carbonization treatment for thermally decomposing the processed material is performed in the first carbonization chamber 3 and the second carbonization chamber 4, but the treatment before the pyrolysis is performed in front of the first carbonization chamber 3 and the second carbonization chamber 4. As the carbonization pretreatment chamber, a charging preliminary chamber 1 and a preliminary heating chamber 2 are provided.

  The preheating chamber 2 is disposed in front of the first carbonization chamber 3, and the container is carried into the first carbonization chamber 3 from the preheating chamber 2 by opening and closing the blocking door 13. In the preheating chamber 2, nitrogen replacement is performed, and the processed material in the container is preheated by a heater under a predetermined temperature condition.

  In the preheating chamber 2, almost no carbonization gas is generated from the processed material during the preheating described above, but when the shut-off door 13 is opened and closed, the carbonization gas in the adjacent first carbonization chamber 3 flows in, and the preheating chamber 2 is replaced with nitrogen. The concentration of combustible components in the gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 22 to the exhaust pipe 22 becomes high to some extent.

  The input preliminary chamber 1 is disposed in the foremost part in the flow direction of the carbonization process, and the container is carried into the input preliminary chamber 1 by opening and closing the blocking door 11 to perform nitrogen replacement.

  The charging preliminary chamber 1 is disposed in front of the preliminary heating chamber 2, and the container is carried into the preliminary heating chamber 2 from the charging preliminary chamber 1 by opening and closing the blocking door 12. In the input preliminary chamber 1, no pyrolysis gas is generated because the processed material is not thermally decomposed, and a small amount of residual carbon dioxide flows into the adjacent preheating chamber 2 when the shut-off door 12 is opened and closed. As a result, the concentration of the combustible component in the gas discharged from the input preliminary chamber 1 to the exhaust pipe 21 becomes low.

  Behind the first carbonization chamber 3 and the second carbonization chamber 4, a first cooling chamber 5, a second cooling chamber 6, and a cooling preparatory chamber 7 are provided as post-carbonization processing chambers in which processing after thermal decomposition is performed. .

  The first cooling chamber 5 is disposed behind the second carbonization chamber 4, and the container is carried into the first cooling chamber 5 from the second carbonization chamber 4 by opening and closing the blocking door 15. In the first cooling chamber 5, the first cooling chamber 5 cools the first stage of the processed material, and a dry distillation gas is generated due to residual heat, and a dry distillation gas in the adjacent second carbonization chamber 4 when the shut-off door 15 is opened and closed. Flows in and the concentration of the combustible component in the gas discharged from the first cooling chamber 5 to the exhaust pipe 25 becomes high to some extent.

  The second cooling chamber 6 is disposed behind the first cooling chamber 5, and the container is carried from the first cooling chamber 5 into the second cooling chamber 6 by opening and closing the blocking door 16. In the second cooling chamber 6, the second-stage cooling of the processed material is performed, so that little dry distillation gas is generated due to residual heat, and a small amount of dry distillation gas remains in the adjacent first cooling chamber 5 when the shut-off door 16 is opened and closed. However, the concentration of the combustible component in the gas discharged from the second cooling chamber 6 to the exhaust pipe 26 due to nitrogen substitution is low.

  The preliminary cooling chamber 7 is disposed behind the second cooling chamber 6, and the container is carried into the preliminary cooling chamber 7 from the second cooling chamber 6 by opening and closing the blocking door 17. In the cooling preparatory chamber 7, the third stage of the processed product is cooled, and hardly any dry distillation gas is generated due to residual heat, and a very small amount of dry distillation gas remains in the adjacent second cooling chamber 6 when the shut-off door 17 is opened and closed. However, the concentration of the combustible component in the gas discharged from the cooling preparatory chamber 7 to the exhaust pipe 27 due to nitrogen substitution is low.

  The cooling preparatory chamber 7 is disposed at the rearmost part in the flow direction of the carbonization step, and the container is carried out of the cooling preparatory chamber 7 by opening and closing the blocking door 18.

  As equipment for processing the gas discharged from each of the processing chambers 1 to 7, a cooler 8 that cools the gas and separates the oil component, a safety device 9 that stops the backflow of the gas, and first and second gas that burn the gas Deodorant and smoke eliminating devices 51 and 61 are provided.

  Only the safety device 9 is interposed in each of the exhaust pipes 21, 26, 27 for discharging the gas in the charging preliminary chamber 1, the second cooling chamber 6, and the cooling preliminary chamber 7, respectively.

  A cooler 8 and a safety device 9 are interposed in the exhaust pipes 22, 23, 24, and 25 that discharge the gas from the preheating chamber 2, the first and second carbonization chambers 3 and 4, and the first cooling chamber 5, respectively. .

In the first carbonization chamber 3 and the second carbonization chamber 4, during the thermal decomposition of the processed material, a high-calorie dry distillation gas is generated from the processed material, and this dry distillation gas contains a large amount of hydrocarbon-based combustible components, and the exhaust pipe The combustible component is liquefied and cooled to recover flammable oil by being cooled by the cooler 8 through 23 and 24, but the surplus gas that has passed through the cooler 8 did not liquefy at a low boiling point. A combustible component is contained, and this surplus gas has a calorie of, for example, about 1,000 to 10,000 kcal / m ³ .

  In the preheating chamber 2, almost no carbonized gas is generated from the processed material during the preheating of the processed material, but the dry carbonized gas in the adjacent first carbonization chamber 3 flows in when the shut-off door 13 is opened and closed. The combustible component is liquefied by being cooled by the cooler 8 and flammable oil is recovered. However, the surplus gas that has passed through the cooler 8 has some combustible component that has not been liquefied at a low boiling point. included.

  In the first cooling chamber 5, dry distillation gas is generated due to residual heat when the processed material is cooled, and dry distillation gas in the adjacent second carbonization chamber 4 flows in when the shut-off door 15 is opened and closed, and is cooled through the exhaust pipe 25. Although the combustible component is liquefied by cooling in the cooler 8 and flammable oil is recovered, the surplus gas that has passed through the cooler 8 contains some combustible component that has not been liquefied at a low boiling point.

  In addition, the gist of the present invention includes a first exhaust passage 50 that guides the gas discharged from the charging preliminary chamber 1, the second cooling chamber 6, and the cooling preliminary chamber 7 to the first deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 51. The second exhaust passage 60 is provided for guiding the gas discharged from the preheating chamber 2, the first and second carbonization chambers 3, 4, and the first cooling chamber 5 to the second deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 61.

  As a result, the gas having a small amount of combustible components discharged from the charging preliminary chamber 1, the second cooling chamber 6, and the cooling preliminary chamber 7 is guided to the first deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 51 through the first exhaust passage 50. The deodorizing and smoking device 51 is deodorized and smoked in a high-temperature atmosphere, and is discharged from the first deodorizing and smoking device 51 to the outside.

  The first deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 51 includes a furnace 54 for retaining gas, a burner 53 for maintaining the furnace temperature facing the furnace 54, and a heat exhaust cylinder 55 for discharging the gas burned in the furnace 54 to the outside. With.

  The furnace temperature maintaining burner 53 is provided near the outlet in the furnace 54, and the fuel supplied thereto is combusted in the furnace 54 so as to keep the inside of the furnace 54 at a predetermined temperature (for example, about 800 ° C.). It has become.

  The first deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 51 uses the furnace 54 as a capacity that can obtain a required gas residence time, and gas (dry distillation gas + nitrogen) passes through a high-temperature atmosphere in the furnace 54, so that the gas is deodorized. It is done efficiently.

  On the other hand, a gas containing a large amount of combustible components discharged from the preheating chamber 2, the first and second carbonization chambers 3, 4 and the first cooling chamber 5 passes through the second exhaust passage 60 to the second deodorization and smoke eliminating device 61. It is guided and burned in the second deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 61, deodorized and deodorized in the high temperature atmosphere of the second deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 61, and discharged from the second deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 61 to the outside. .

  The second deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 61 includes a furnace 64 for retaining gas, a small-capacity burner 62 for igniting combustible gas facing the furnace 64, a large-capacity burner 63 for maintaining the furnace temperature, and a furnace 64. And an exhaust heat cylinder 65 for exhausting the gas burned in the above to the outside.

  The small-capacity burner 62 for igniting the combustible gas is provided near the inlet in the furnace 64, the fuel supplied thereto is burned in the furnace 64, and the combustible components contained in the gas flowing into the furnace 64 are ignited. It is supposed to be.

  A large-capacity burner 63 for maintaining the temperature in the furnace is provided near the outlet in the furnace 64, and the fuel supplied thereto is combusted in the furnace 64, and the inside of the furnace 64 is heated to a predetermined temperature (for example, about 800 ° C.) or higher. To keep.

  The second deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 61 burns and detoxifies the combustible component of the gas (dry distillation gas + nitrogen) and deodorizes the gas. The combustible component of the gas burns in the furnace. The capacity of the furnace 64 is ensured so that the temperature in 64 does not exceed a permissible value (for example, several hundreds of degrees Celsius). The furnace 64 prevents abnormal combustion and prevents explosion.

  As described above, a plurality of carbonization pretreatment chambers (the input preliminary chamber 1 and the preheating chamber 2) in which the treatment before the thermal decomposition of the processed material is performed, and the carbonization chamber (the first chamber for heating and pyrolyzing the processed material) A carbonization chamber 3, a second carbonization chamber 4), and a plurality of post-carbonization treatment chambers (first cooling chamber 5, second cooling chamber 6, cooling preliminary chamber 7) in which processing after pyrolyzing the processed material is performed, Blocking doors 11 to 18 that respectively close the respective carbonization pretreatment chambers, the carbonization chambers, and the respective carbonization posttreatment chambers arranged in series, transport means that opens and closes the shutoff doors 11 to 18 and conveys the processed material, and each carbonization pretreatment It is a carbonization device that comprises first, second deodorizing and smoke eliminating devices 51 and 61 that combust the gas discharged from the chamber, the carbonization chamber, and each post-carbonization treatment chamber and discharge to the outside, and carbonizes the processed material. The carbonization chamber (first carbonization chamber 3, the second carbonization chamber 4) is not adjacent to the carbonization pretreatment chamber (the input preliminary chamber 1) and the carbonization posttreatment chamber (the first carbonization chamber 3). A first exhaust passage 50 for collecting the gas discharged from the cooling chamber 6 and the cooling preparatory chamber 7) and leading it to the first deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 51; and a carbonization chamber (first carbonization chamber 3, second carbonization chamber 4). And a second exhaust passage for collecting gas discharged from the pre-carbonization pretreatment chamber (preheating chamber 2) and the post-carbonization treatment chamber (first cooling chamber 5) adjacent thereto and leading to the second deodorization and smoke eliminating device 61 60, the gas having a low calorific value is guided to the first deodorizing and deodorizing device 51 through the first exhaust passage 50, thereby deodorizing the first deodorizing and deodorizing device 51. While reducing the size of the furnace 54, the gas having a high heat quantity is guided to the second deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 61 through the second exhaust passage 60, thereby deodorizing the gas in the second deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 61. Ensuring sufficient capacity of the furnace 64 to detoxify the combustible components of the gas and prevent abnormal combustion and explosion It can be stopped.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is obvious that various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea.

The block diagram of the carbonization apparatus which shows embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Input preliminary room (carbonization pretreatment room)
2 Preheating chamber (carbonization pretreatment chamber)
3 First carbonization chamber (carbonization chamber)
4 Second carbonization chamber (carbonization chamber)
5 First cooling chamber (post-carbonization chamber)
6 Second cooling chamber (post-carbonization treatment chamber)
7 Cooling spare room (carbonization post-treatment room)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 8 Safety device 9 Cooler 11-18 Shut-off door 50 1st exhaust passage 51 1st deodorizing and smoke eliminating device 60 2nd exhausting passage 61 2nd deodorizing and smoke eliminating device

Claims (2)

A plurality of carbonization pretreatment chambers in which a treatment prior to pyrolyzing the treatment is performed;
A carbonization chamber that heats and decomposes the processed material;
A plurality of carbonization post-processing chambers in which processing after pyrolyzing the processed material is performed;
Blocking doors that respectively block the carbonization pretreatment chambers, the carbonization chamber, and the carbonization posttreatment chambers arranged in series,
A conveying means for opening and closing the blocking door to convey the processed material;
A first deodorizing and deodorizing device that burns gas discharged from each carbonization pretreatment chamber, the carbonization chamber, and each carbonization posttreatment chamber and discharges the gas to the outside;
A carbonization apparatus for carbonizing a processed material,
A first exhaust passage that collects gas discharged from the pre-carbonization chamber not adjacent to the carbonization chamber and the post-carbonization chamber not adjacent to the carbonization chamber and guides the gas to the first deodorization and smoke removal device;
A second exhaust passage that collects gas discharged from the carbonization chamber, the pre-carbonization chamber adjacent to the carbonization chamber, and the post-carbonization chamber adjacent to the carbonization chamber and guides the gas to the second deodorizing and smoke eliminating device. And a carbonization apparatus characterized by comprising: As the pre-carbonization treatment chamber, it comprises an input preliminary chamber for carrying in a treatment from the outside and performing nitrogen replacement, and a pre-heating chamber for pre-heating the treatment in front of the carbonization chamber,
As the post-carbonization treatment chamber, a first cooling chamber for cooling the treatment product discharged from the carbonization chamber, and a cooling preliminary chamber for carrying out the treatment product to the outside,
While the first exhaust passage collects gas discharged from the charging preliminary chamber and the cooling preliminary chamber and guides it to the first deodorization and smoke eliminating device,
2. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second exhaust passage collects gas discharged from the preheating chamber and the first cooling chamber and guides the gas to the second deodorizing and smoke eliminating device.

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