JP2008214546A - Method and apparatus for producing emulsion fuel - Google Patents
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本発明は、油と水のエマルジョン燃料を製造する方法及び装置に関する。更に詳しくは、乳化安定化エマルジョン燃料を連続的に製造するプロセスと、エマルジョン燃料の安定的な連続的供給の簡単確実な制御による、エマルジョン燃料の製造方法及び装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing oil and water emulsion fuels. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for continuously producing an emulsion-stabilized emulsion fuel and a method and apparatus for producing an emulsion fuel by simple and reliable control of a stable continuous supply of emulsion fuel.
古くから、エマルジョン燃料の製造プロセスや製造装置は多数紹介されているが、いずれの方法も試験的に使用する場合には問題がなくとも、操業的に長期間使用する場合には問題が多いという状況になっていた。すなわち、エマルジョン燃料を使用するボイラーの連続運転安定性に欠ける面があった。そのためこの技術は長い歴史を有するにもかかわらず、今日まではほとんど実用面での普及がなかった。 A lot of emulsion fuel production processes and equipment have been introduced for a long time, but there is no problem when either method is used for trial use, but there are many problems when used for a long period of operation. It was in a situation. That is, there is a problem that the boiler using the emulsion fuel lacks continuous operation stability. For this reason, even though this technology has a long history, it has hardly been spread in practical use until today.
特許文献１には、微細水滴を均一に分散したエマルジョン燃料を、その品質を低下させることなく、連続的かつ安定的に燃焼装置に供給するために、スタティックミキサーを用いて燃料油と乳化剤及び水を細かく分断して１次混合したエマルジョン燃料とし、このエマルジョン燃料をスタティックミキサーからマグネットカスケードポンプに送って、せん断によってエマルジョン燃料を２次混合することと、この際、ポンプの上流と下流を結ぶ戻し配管からエマルジョン燃料の一部をポンプの上流側に戻して、ポンプを流れるエマルジョン燃料の流量調節により、ポンプにおける２次混合を更に促進させ、微細水滴が均一に分散したエマルジョン燃料を製造する方法が記載されている。すなわち、ここでは機械的混合を繰り返すことで、エマルジョンの均一化を図っている。 In Patent Document 1, in order to supply emulsion fuel in which fine water droplets are uniformly dispersed to a combustion apparatus continuously and stably without deteriorating its quality, a fuel oil, an emulsifier and water are used using a static mixer. The emulsion fuel is divided into finely divided emulsion fuel, and the emulsion fuel is sent from the static mixer to the magnet cascade pump, and the emulsion fuel is secondarily mixed by shearing. There is a method for producing an emulsion fuel in which fine water droplets are uniformly dispersed by returning a part of the emulsion fuel from the pipe to the upstream side of the pump and further adjusting the flow rate of the emulsion fuel flowing through the pump to further promote secondary mixing in the pump. Are listed. That is, here, mechanical mixing is repeated to make the emulsion uniform.
特許文献２には、多量の乳化剤を用いることなく、攪拌翼を不要とし、又は攪拌翼を用いたとしてもその負荷を低減して、燃料油中に水を短時間で分散化できるエマルジョン燃料製造方法及び装置を得ることについて提案されている。そのために、燃料油と添加水を含む混液を簡単な攪拌容器内へ供給すると共に攪拌容器内の混液に第１の旋回流を形成する噴射ノズルと、第１の旋回流の旋回径よりも小径の第２の旋回流を第１の旋回流の下方に形成する攪拌翼とを備えて、強力な旋回力により均一分散化を図るとある。予備混合槽を設ける場合もある。 Patent Document 2 discloses an emulsion fuel production that can disperse water in fuel oil in a short time without using a large amount of emulsifier, eliminating the need for a stirring blade, or reducing the load even if a stirring blade is used. It has been proposed to obtain a method and apparatus. For this purpose, a mixed liquid containing fuel oil and added water is supplied into a simple stirring vessel, and an injection nozzle that forms a first swirling flow in the mixed liquid in the stirring vessel, and a diameter smaller than the swirling diameter of the first swirling flow And a stirring blade that forms the second swirl flow below the first swirl flow to achieve uniform dispersion by a strong swirl force. A premix tank may be provided.
特許文献３は、多様な用途に適用可能な低コスト高品質改質水を低消費エネルギーでかつ短時間に製造することを目的にとした装置である。ここでは、改質水の製造装置として、界面活性剤を添加した処理すべき原水を貯蔵循環する貯水タンクと、貯水タンク内の原水を循環させる循環ポンプ、及び循環ポンプで循環される原水の流れ方向に対して交差する磁場の発生装置を有する磁場印加装置より構成されているから、一種の磁気波動水の利用ではある。 Patent Document 3 is an apparatus for the purpose of producing low-cost, high-quality reformed water that can be applied to various uses with low energy consumption and in a short time. Here, as a device for producing reformed water, a water storage tank that stores and circulates raw water to be treated with a surfactant added thereto, a circulation pump that circulates the raw water in the water storage tank, and a flow of raw water circulated by the circulation pump Since it is comprised from the magnetic field application apparatus which has the magnetic field generator which cross | intersects with respect to a direction, it is utilization of a kind of magnetic wave water.
特許文献４に記載されているエマルジョン燃料のコジェネレーションシステムにあっては、燃料として、各種のバージン油、液状廃棄物、ガス状廃棄物、固体状廃棄物、バイオマス燃料のいずれか又はこれらの混合物を原材料とし、これに水を加えた水エマルジョン燃料が供給されるが、この燃料製造装置は、撹拌装置を有して、前記原材料、水及び界面活性剤を撹拌混合し貯留する混合タンクと、該混合タンクから供給される混合液を乳化させる乳化装置と、該乳化装置から供給される混合液の水分子をイオン化させるイオン化装置と、混合液を上記混合タンクから上記乳化装置及び上記イオン化装置を介して混合タンクへ循環させるポンプを備えることを特徴とするものである。 In the emulsion fuel cogeneration system described in Patent Document 4, as fuel, any of various virgin oils, liquid wastes, gaseous wastes, solid wastes, biomass fuels, or mixtures thereof A water emulsion fuel in which water is added thereto is supplied as a raw material, and this fuel production apparatus has a stirring device, and a mixing tank for stirring and mixing the raw material, water and surfactant, An emulsifying device for emulsifying the liquid mixture supplied from the mixing tank, an ionizing device for ionizing water molecules in the liquid mixture supplied from the emulsifying device, and the emulsifying device and the ionizing device from the mixing tank. And a pump that circulates to the mixing tank.
操業的にボイラーの連続運転を安定にさせること、具体的にはボイラーの空気量を絞っても安定に運転ができるようにすることは、エマルジョン燃料を使用するための必要条件である。そのために従来から多くのプロセスや、そのための固有機器が提案されてきた。古くは乳化剤や乳化機の開発から始まり、近年は種々のマイクロクラスター水や波動水の作成方法の開発が進められてきた。しかしながらボイラーの連続運転安定化、つまりは安定したエマルジョン燃料の供給という面では上記特許文献１〜４に記載の装置では、いずれも解決ができていなかった。 Stabilizing the continuous operation of the boiler operatively, specifically, enabling stable operation even when the amount of air in the boiler is reduced is a necessary condition for using the emulsion fuel. For this purpose, many processes and unique devices for that purpose have been proposed. In the old days, it started with the development of emulsifiers and emulsifiers, and in recent years, various methods for creating microcluster water and wave water have been developed. However, in terms of stabilizing the continuous operation of the boiler, that is, supplying stable emulsion fuel, none of the apparatuses described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 has been solved.
これらのほかエマルジョン燃料の製造プロセスは多数提案され、個々の段階のプロセスについて運転安定性の改善に向け一段のプロセス開発が進められてきた。つまりボイラーの運転条件に左右されずに、常に安定運転ができるようなプロセスの開発に注力してきたが、これらの問題解決までには至らなかった。従って基本プロセス的には開発の限界に来ているように考えられる。 In addition to these, a number of processes for producing emulsion fuels have been proposed, and one-step process development has been promoted to improve operational stability for each stage process. In other words, we have focused on the development of a process that can always operate stably without being affected by the operating conditions of the boiler, but these problems have not been solved. Therefore, the basic process seems to have reached the limit of development.
本発明者らは、試験的に短時間はエマルジョン燃料の使用が可能なことからエマルジョン燃料の製造プロセスの基本には問題がなく、設備面での問題が多かったのではないかと考え、種々の検討を行った。つまり基本プロセスを変更することなく、安定したエマルジョン燃料を連続供給する装置を提供することを検討した。その結果、エマルジョン燃料は製造後経過時間の影響を受けて性状変化が激しいことや、水や油の温度変動の影響を受け易いこと、また、水と油の混合比率の安定が重要なことが判明したので、それらの対策のため、設備面での技術開発が必要であり、それらを本発明の解決課題とした。 Since the inventors can use emulsion fuel for a short period of time on a trial basis, there is no problem in the basics of the emulsion fuel production process, and there may be many problems in terms of equipment. Study was carried out. In other words, we studied to provide an apparatus that continuously supplies stable emulsion fuel without changing the basic process. As a result, emulsion fuel is subject to severe changes in properties due to the elapsed time after production, is easily affected by temperature fluctuations of water and oil, and stability of the mixing ratio of water and oil is important. Since it became clear, it was necessary to develop technology in terms of equipment for these measures, and these were set as the solution to the present invention.
そのための解決手段として、まず、エマルジョン燃料の製造方法システム全体を次のようにした。すなわち、本発明は水と油を混合、乳化してエマルジョン燃料を連続的に製造する方法であって、第２乳化器で連続的に製造したエマルジョン燃料を一旦エマルジョン燃料循環タンクに入れ、そのエマルジョン燃料循環タンクを用いて形成した循環ラインで前記エマルジョン燃料を循環しながら、その一部を取り出して燃料として連続的に使用するようにし、かつそのエマルジョン燃料循環タンクの液面位置によって、第１乳化器への油供給ポンプ及び第２乳化器への水供給ポンプの流量を制御することで運転管理を行うことを特徴とするエマルジョン燃料の製造方法とした。 As a solution for that, first, the whole emulsion fuel production method system was as follows. That is, the present invention is a method for continuously producing emulsion fuel by mixing and emulsifying water and oil, and the emulsion fuel continuously produced by the second emulsifier is once put in the emulsion fuel circulation tank, and the emulsion While the emulsion fuel is circulated in a circulation line formed using a fuel circulation tank, a part of the emulsion fuel is taken out and continuously used as fuel, and the first emulsification is performed depending on the liquid level position of the emulsion fuel circulation tank. It was set as the manufacturing method of the emulsion fuel characterized by performing operation management by controlling the flow volume of the oil supply pump to a container and the water supply pump to a 2nd emulsifier.
ここで、更なる安定したエマルジョン燃料を連続供給するために、エマルジョン燃料は、エマルジョン燃料循環タンクの循環ラインの途中に第３乳化器を設け、この第３乳化器の出側から燃料の一部を取り出してボイラー燃料として連続使用するようにした。 Here, in order to continuously supply further stable emulsion fuel, the emulsion fuel is provided with a third emulsifier in the middle of the circulation line of the emulsion fuel circulation tank, and a part of the fuel is provided from the outlet side of the third emulsifier. Was taken out and used continuously as boiler fuel.
また、装置の合理的な運転のために、エマルジョン燃料は、エマルジョン燃料循環タンクの容量が燃料油１時間当たり使用量の１／３０以上で３倍以下の大きさのものを用いてボイラー燃料として連続使用するようにした。 In addition, for the reasonable operation of the system, the emulsion fuel is used as boiler fuel by using an emulsion fuel circulation tank whose capacity is 1/30 or more of fuel oil per hour and 3 times or less. It was made to use continuously.
更に、用いる水は、水処理装置と水タンクとの間を循環させながら、その水タンクから水の一部を取り出し、次の混合、乳化工程の第２乳化器に供給する方法により、安定性の高いエマルジョン燃料のバーナへの安定供給を可能とした。 Furthermore, the water to be used is stable by circulating between the water treatment device and the water tank, taking out a part of the water from the water tank and supplying it to the second emulsifier in the next mixing and emulsifying step. Highly stable emulsion fuel can be supplied to the burner.
以上の方法を最適化する装置としては、水と油の混合と乳化をする乳化器によりエマルジョン燃料を連続的に製造する装置であって、水処理装置、油と乳化剤を混合する第１乳化器、更に処理水を混合乳化してエマルジョン燃料とする第２乳化器、該エマルジョン燃料の循環タンク及び該循環タンクを用いて循環しながらその一部を取り出して燃料として連続的に使用するエマルジョン燃料循環ライン、並びに前記第１乳化器への油供給ポンプ及び前記第２乳化器への水供給ポンプの流量を制御する前記エマルジョン燃料循環タンクに設けた液面計及び該液面計の出力による運転管理システムからなるエマルジョン燃料の製造装置が挙げられる。 As an apparatus for optimizing the above method, there is an apparatus for continuously producing an emulsion fuel by an emulsifier for mixing and emulsifying water and oil, and a water treatment apparatus, a first emulsifier for mixing oil and an emulsifier. Further, a second emulsifier which is mixed and emulsified with treated water to form an emulsion fuel, an emulsion fuel circulation tank, and an emulsion fuel circulation in which a part of the emulsion is taken out while being circulated using the circulation tank and used continuously as a fuel Line, a liquid level gauge provided in the emulsion fuel circulation tank for controlling the flow rate of the oil supply pump to the first emulsifier and the water supply pump to the second emulsifier, and operation management by the output of the liquid level gauge An emulsion fuel production apparatus comprising a system is mentioned.
ここで、エマルジョン燃料循環タンクの循環ラインの途中へ第３乳化器を追加して設けた装置とすることで、更なる安定したエマルジョン燃料を連続供給することができた。 Here, a further stable emulsion fuel could be continuously supplied by providing a device in which a third emulsifier was additionally provided in the middle of the circulation line of the emulsion fuel circulation tank.
具体的には連続的に製造したエマルジョン燃料を一旦エマルジョン燃料循環タンクに入れ、そのエマルジョン燃料循環タンクを用いて常に循環状態にしておき、その一部を抜き出して使用する方法、また、エマルジョン燃料循環タンクの液面をエマルジョン燃料製造の運転制御に活用するようにした。実験により本発明設備のエマルジョン燃料でボイラーの安定運転が可能になることを確認した。 Specifically, a continuously produced emulsion fuel is once put into an emulsion fuel circulation tank, and the emulsion fuel circulation tank is always kept in a circulation state, and a part thereof is extracted and used. The liquid level of the tank was used for operation control of emulsion fuel production. Experiments confirmed that stable operation of the boiler is possible with the emulsion fuel of the present invention.
エマルジョン燃料循環タンク関連の設備を追加するということは、その分だけ設備費が増加するが、一方においてシステム全体の制御を合理的にすることで、不必要に大きい規模の設備や複雑な流量、濃度の制御設備、あるいは高度な乳化器などの必要がなくなり、バランスのとれたことで、全体の設備費が増大することは避けられている。 Adding equipment related to the emulsion fuel circulation tank increases the equipment cost by that amount, but on the other hand, rationalizing the control of the entire system makes it unnecessary for large-scale equipment, complex flow rates, The need for concentration control equipment or sophisticated emulsifiers is eliminated, and an increase in overall equipment costs due to the balance is avoided.
本発明により操業的にエマルジョン燃料の使用が可能になり、ボイラー効率の向上及びＮＯｘや塵埃などの削減が実現できるようになった。この実現化に際しては、製造設備をコンパクト化する技術をも同時に検討し、低価格のエマルジョン燃料製造設備を供給することを可能にした。 Operations to allow the use of emulsion fuel by the present invention, such as reductions in improving and NO x and dust boiler efficiency can now be realized. At the same time, we also considered the technology for making the manufacturing equipment compact, and made it possible to supply low-cost emulsion fuel manufacturing equipment.
本発明の方法及び設備について、図１に示すフローに従って説明する。図１は説明を分り易くするために、本発明に直接関係の無いバルブ類や計器類は省略している。本発明方法の実施に際しては、製造設備が従来の設備よりかなり機器の数が増加することにはなるが、機器の小型化や許される範囲で機器精度を低下させることでシステム全体の設備制作費の高騰は避けられている。 The method and equipment of the present invention will be described according to the flow shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, valves and instruments that are not directly related to the present invention are omitted for easy understanding. When the method of the present invention is carried out, the number of equipment in the manufacturing equipment will increase considerably compared with the conventional equipment, but the equipment production costs of the entire system can be reduced by downsizing the equipment and lowering the equipment accuracy within the allowable range. Soaring is avoided.
図１において、１は水処理装置、２１，２２，２３はそれぞれ第１，第２，第３乳化器、３は油供給ポンプ、４は水供給ポンプ、５は水循環ポンプ、６は乳化剤供給ポンプ、７はエマルジョン燃料循環ポンプ、８１は油流量計、８２は水流量計、９は油タンク、１０は水タンク、１１は乳化剤タンク、１２はエマルジョン燃料循環タンクである。 In FIG. 1, 1 is a water treatment device, 21, 22 and 23 are first, second and third emulsifiers, 3 is an oil supply pump, 4 is a water supply pump, 5 is a water circulation pump, and 6 is an emulsifier supply pump. 7 is an emulsion fuel circulation pump, 81 is an oil flow meter, 82 is a water flow meter, 9 is an oil tank, 10 is a water tank, 11 is an emulsifier tank, and 12 is an emulsion fuel circulation tank.
水処理装置１は、従来公知の装置が利用でき、水のマイクロクラスター化に有効とされている各種の天然又は人口の無機質粒状体、例えば、遠赤外線の放射性多孔質セラミック体や光触媒となるアナターゼ型酸化チタンあるいは磁鉄鉱粒子などを充填したタンク内に通水することによる活性波動水の製造装置がある。この他、高周波還元水、磁気処理水、電子水、酸性アルカリ性電解水等と称されている処理水があり、これらはいずれも電気や磁気エネルギーを用いて水分子を振動させて、この振動により水分子のいわゆるマイクロクラスター化あるいは波動水化をしたものである。なかでも、磁鉄鉱の破砕粒子は本発明のエマルジョン燃料の安定化に好ましい水処理粒子である。 As the water treatment apparatus 1, a conventionally known apparatus can be used, and various natural or artificial inorganic particles that are effective for microclustering of water, for example, a far infrared radioactive porous ceramic body or anatase used as a photocatalyst. There is an apparatus for producing active wave water by passing water through a tank filled with type titanium oxide or magnetite particles. In addition, there are treated waters called high-frequency reduced water, magnetically treated water, electronic water, acidic alkaline electrolyzed water, etc., all of which vibrate water molecules using electricity and magnetic energy, This is a so-called micro-clustering or wave-watering of water molecules. Among these, crushed particles of magnetite are preferable water-treated particles for stabilizing the emulsion fuel of the present invention.
油の原料は灯油、軽油、重油、食用油等のあらゆる油の他、これら鉱物油や植物油の使用済みの廃油が対象となり、特に本発明の方法及び装置により、大量の水を少ない乳化剤量でもって安定なエマルジョン燃料にすることができる。乳化剤も特に限定されず、通常の界面活性剤が広く使用できる。 The raw materials for oil include kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, edible oil, and other waste oils such as mineral oil and vegetable oil. In particular, by the method and apparatus of the present invention, a large amount of water is reduced with a small amount of emulsifier. Thus, a stable emulsion fuel can be obtained. The emulsifier is not particularly limited, and a normal surfactant can be widely used.
第２乳化器２２で製造されたエマルジョン燃料は、エマルジョン燃料循環タンク１２に入る。エマルジョン燃料循環ライン１３には第３乳化器２３が設置してあり、その出側からエマルジョン燃料の一部を取り出してボイラーに連続供給するようになっている。この第３乳化器２３は、なくても良いが、ボイラーへ供給されるエマルジョン燃料を更に細かく乳化させるためと、繰り返し通過するエマルジョン燃料循環ライン１３からの戻りエマルジョン燃料の安定化に寄与する。 The emulsion fuel produced by the second emulsifier 22 enters the emulsion fuel circulation tank 12. A third emulsifier 23 is installed in the emulsion fuel circulation line 13 so that a part of the emulsion fuel is taken out from the outlet side and continuously supplied to the boiler. The third emulsifier 23 may be omitted, but contributes to further finely emulsifying the emulsion fuel supplied to the boiler and stabilizing the return emulsion fuel from the emulsion fuel circulation line 13 that repeatedly passes.
エマルジョン燃料循環タンク１２の容量は大きい方が運転は安定するが、その場合タンク容量に比例してポンプ７も大きくする必要があるなど、関連設備が全て大きくなり設備費が嵩むが、タンクの容量が、燃料油１時間当たり使用量の１／３０以上で３倍以下の大きさが望ましく、更に望ましくは１／１０以上で１倍以下の大きさが良い。実験的には1時間当たり燃料油消費量の１／１０程度のタンク容量があれば、むしろ小容量のタンクで安定運転が可能であった。 The larger the capacity of the emulsion fuel circulation tank 12, the more stable the operation. In that case, the pump 7 must be increased in proportion to the tank capacity. However, the size of the fuel oil used per hour is preferably 1/30 or more and 3 times or less, more preferably 1/10 or more and 1 time or less. Experimentally, if the tank capacity is about 1/10 of the fuel oil consumption per hour, stable operation was possible with a rather small tank.
ボイラーの運転方法に関して、ボイラーの運転停止の切り替えがなく連続定量運転が継続する条件では、エマルジョン燃料循環タンク１２にエマルジョン燃料を滞留させる必要は少ない。なぜなら、乳化直後のエマルジョンは比較的安定している。しかし、現実にはボイラー運転停止も行われるので、エマルジョン燃料の放置によりその安定性が経時的に損なわれる。要するに、ボイラー運転の変動停止等があっても常に安定して均一なエマルジョン燃料を供給するためには、エマルジョン燃料循環タンク１２とエマルジョン燃料循環ライン１３の存在が有効に働くのである。このエマルジョン燃料循環ライン１３に第３乳化器２３を存在させることによって、更に安定な微細エマルジョンとなる。これにより、従来はボイラー立上げ時は燃料油を使用し、徐々にエマルジョン燃料に切り替えて行くなどの、別の運転技術が必要でなくなるなどの利点もある。 Regarding the operation method of the boiler, the emulsion fuel circulation tank 12 does not need to be retained in the emulsion fuel circulation tank 12 under the condition that the continuous quantitative operation is continued without switching the boiler operation stop. This is because the emulsion immediately after emulsification is relatively stable. However, since the boiler operation is actually stopped, the stability of the emulsion fuel is lost over time by leaving the emulsion fuel unattended. In short, the presence of the emulsion fuel circulation tank 12 and the emulsion fuel circulation line 13 works effectively in order to always supply a stable and uniform emulsion fuel even if there is a fluctuation stop of the boiler operation. The presence of the third emulsifier 23 in the emulsion fuel circulation line 13 provides a more stable fine emulsion. As a result, there is an advantage that no separate operation technique is required, such as conventionally using fuel oil when the boiler is started up and gradually switching to the emulsion fuel.
本発明で得られたエマルジョン燃料の安定性は、いくつかの方法で確認している。ボイラーによるテスト燃焼を続けている中で、作業工程上の都合で３日間の操業停止があり、エマルジョン燃料をその間タンク内に貯蔵したままで放置していたのだが、作業再開時に、タンク内のエマルジョン燃料を抜き取ることなく、燃料スタートし、全く異常なく着火及び正常燃料がスタートできた。 The stability of the emulsion fuel obtained in the present invention has been confirmed by several methods. While we continued the test combustion with the boiler, there was a suspension of operation for 3 days due to the work process, and the emulsion fuel was stored in the tank during that time. The fuel was started without removing the emulsion fuel, and ignition and normal fuel could be started without any abnormality.
また、エマルジョン燃料をドラム缶に貯蔵し、遠隔地にトラック輸送し、製造後２６日目に、このエマルジョン燃料のテスト燃焼をしたが、全く支障がなかった。サンプル取りは、常時行っており、サンプル瓶での目視確認で、５ヶ月以上分離しないことは確認している。ただし、１０日以上経過したエマルジョン燃料は、約５〜１０％が比重分離し、見掛け上、底部に色が異なる層ができるが、軽く振るだけで元の状態に戻り、また、顕微鏡写真でも安定なエマルジョンであることを確認している。 Also, the emulsion fuel was stored in a drum can, trucked to a remote location, and on the 26th day after production, this emulsion fuel was tested and burned, but there was no problem. Samples are taken all the time, and it is confirmed that they will not be separated for more than 5 months by visual confirmation with a sample bottle. However, about 5-10% of the emulsion fuel that has passed for more than 10 days appears to have a specific gravity separation, and apparently a layer with a different color is formed on the bottom. It is confirmed that it is an emulsion.
エマルジョン燃料循環タンク１２には液面レベルセンサ（ＬＩＣ）としての液面計１５が設置してあり、液面が上昇すれば流入量を減少させ、低下すれば流入量を増大させるように制御している。具体的には油供給ポンプ３、水供給ポンプ４の回転数を変更させ、流量を変更するようにしている。ここで、エマルジョン燃料循環タンク１２と油タンク９との間にオーバーフロー配管１７を設けて、仮に液面計１５とその制御装置に異常が生じて液面上昇しても、オーバーフロー配管１７を介して過剰の燃料を油タンク９へ逆流させて、装置を破壊から守るようにしている。従来行なわれているように、技術的にはボイラーサイドから運転データを受信し、それによってエマルジョン製造設備の運転を制御することも可能であるが、それでは工事費用及び設備費用の大幅な増大を招く欠点があった。したがって、本発明の上記装置及び制御方法は、簡単かつ能率的である。 The emulsion fuel circulation tank 12 is provided with a liquid level gauge 15 as a liquid level sensor (LIC), which controls to decrease the inflow when the liquid level rises and increase the inflow when the liquid level decreases. ing. Specifically, the rotational speeds of the oil supply pump 3 and the water supply pump 4 are changed to change the flow rate. Here, an overflow pipe 17 is provided between the emulsion fuel circulation tank 12 and the oil tank 9, and even if the liquid level gauge 15 and its control device become abnormal and the liquid level rises, the overflow pipe 17 is provided. Excess fuel is allowed to flow back to the oil tank 9 to protect the device from destruction. As is conventionally done, it is technically possible to receive operation data from the boiler side and thereby control the operation of the emulsion production equipment, but this leads to a significant increase in construction and equipment costs. There were drawbacks. Therefore, the above apparatus and control method of the present invention are simple and efficient.
油や水の注入ラインにも油タンク９、水タンク１０を設置して各原料を攪拌するようにすれば、温度安定化の面から運転の安定化が向上できる。更に水の循環ライン１４を設置し、水処理装置１をその途中に設置すれば一段と運転の安定化が実現できるとともに、水処理装置の小型化も可能になる。ここで、油タンク９，水タンク１０，乳化剤タンク１１及びエマルジョン燃料タンク１２の各タンクには、温度センサ（ＴＩＣ）として油温度計１６１、水温度計１６２、乳化剤温度計１６３及びエマルジョン燃料温度計１６４が設けられてタンク内各溶液の温度制御をしてエマルジョン燃料の安定化を図っている。実験によれば、水処理装置１によるマイクロクラスター化する際の水の温度は特に重要で、３０〜５０℃±１０℃に設定した水を用いるのが良好であり、更に望ましくは、その時々の使用する水の性状により、３０〜５０℃±２℃に設定した水を用いた方がエマルジョン燃料の性状が安定する。 If the oil tank 9 and the water tank 10 are also installed in the oil or water injection line to stir the raw materials, the operation stability can be improved in terms of temperature stabilization. Furthermore, if the water circulation line 14 is installed and the water treatment apparatus 1 is installed in the middle thereof, the operation can be further stabilized and the water treatment apparatus can be downsized. Here, each of the oil tank 9, the water tank 10, the emulsifier tank 11 and the emulsion fuel tank 12 has an oil thermometer 161, a water thermometer 162, an emulsifier thermometer 163 and an emulsion fuel thermometer as temperature sensors (TIC). 164 is provided to control the temperature of each solution in the tank to stabilize the emulsion fuel. According to experiments, the temperature of the water when microclustering by the water treatment apparatus 1 is particularly important, and it is preferable to use water set to 30 to 50 ° C. ± 10 ° C. Depending on the properties of the water used, the properties of the emulsion fuel are more stable when water set at 30 to 50 ° C. ± 2 ° C. is used.
本発明の実施例を図１により具体的に数値を挙げて説明する。実施例１，２及び３において油はＣ重油を用い、流量は１０００Ｌ／ｈｒ、水は３００Ｌ／ｈｒ、乳化剤は２Ｌ／ｈｒ、すなわち燃料油１００部に対し水が３０部で乳化剤は０.２部の割合のエマルジョン燃料を図１に示す装置及びフローを用いて製造した。エマルジョン燃料循環タンク１２の容量は２００Ｌ、エマルジョン燃料循環ポンプ７の流量は２０００Ｌ／ｈｒ以上である。そしてＣ重油温度を７０℃、水の温度を４０℃、乳化剤温度を３０℃に設定した。ここで、水処理装置１の長さ４００ｍｍ、直径２５０ｍｍのカラムには、奈良県吉野郡天川村の五代松鉱山産の磁鉄鉱で粒子径３〜１２ｍｍのものを６ｋｇ充填したものを用いた。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In Examples 1, 2, and 3, heavy oil C was used as the oil, the flow rate was 1000 L / hr, water was 300 L / hr, and the emulsifier was 2 L / hr, that is, 30 parts of water and 0.2 parts of emulsifier were used for 100 parts of fuel oil. A portion of the emulsion fuel was produced using the apparatus and flow shown in FIG. The capacity of the emulsion fuel circulation tank 12 is 200 L, and the flow rate of the emulsion fuel circulation pump 7 is 2000 L / hr or more. The C heavy oil temperature was set at 70 ° C, the water temperature at 40 ° C, and the emulsifier temperature at 30 ° C. Here, a column of 400 mm in length and 250 mm in diameter of the water treatment apparatus 1 was used which was packed with 6 kg of magnetite from Godaimatsu Mine, Tenkawa-mura, Yoshino-gun, Nara, with a particle diameter of 3-12 mm.
このような運転条件で得られた図１のエマルジョン燃料循環タンク１２の出側のエマルジョン燃料の顕微鏡写真を図２に示すが、水粒子が均一に、しかも微小粒子で油中に分散し、きわめて良好なＷ／Ｏエマルジョンとなっている。また、図１において、第２乳化器の出側、すなわち、エマルジョン燃料循環タンク入側のエマルジョン燃料は、図３の顕微鏡写真に見られるように、流量変動時など、一応分散してはいるが、まだ水粒子が大きく燃焼に適した状態には至っていないものが時折見られる。一方、通常の水を用いた従来装置により得られるエマルジョン燃料は図４のように、水の粒子が安定せず非常に不安定で燃焼効率も上がらないものであった。また、図２と図３のエマルジョン粒子の差はエマルジョン燃料循環の効果の差であり、図３と図４の比率は、本発明の水処理装置の使用効果の差である。 A micrograph of the emulsion fuel on the outlet side of the emulsion fuel circulation tank 12 of FIG. 1 obtained under such operating conditions is shown in FIG. 2. The water particles are uniformly dispersed in the oil with fine particles, It is a good W / O emulsion. Further, in FIG. 1, the emulsion fuel on the outlet side of the second emulsifier, that is, the inlet side of the emulsion fuel circulation tank is temporarily dispersed as shown in the micrograph of FIG. Occasionally, water particles are still large and not suitable for combustion. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the emulsion fuel obtained by the conventional apparatus using ordinary water is very unstable because the water particles are not stable and the combustion efficiency does not increase. Moreover, the difference between the emulsion particles in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 is the difference in the effect of the emulsion fuel circulation, and the ratio between FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is the difference in the use effect of the water treatment apparatus of the present invention.
図２に示す本発明で得られたエマルジョン燃料のボイラー燃焼試験の結果、運転状態は安定しており、通常運転状態のＣ重油燃焼の比較例２、３に対し、エマルジョン燃焼はボイラー効率で８５〜８８％から９６〜９２％に上昇、蒸発倍数で１５倍から１６倍に上昇した。しかも、供給エアー量が数％減少し、窒素酸化物（ＮＯｘ）が、従来のＣ重油のみ２３０〜２８８ｐｐｍが１２８ｐｐｍ程度にまで低下し、かつ排ガス中のＣＯ２濃度も１８〜２６％から１２．２％程度にまで低下した。結果を表１にまとめて示す。表１にあるとおり、ＮＯｘ、ＣＯ２が、低下した結果、環境基準値であるＮＯｘ１８８ｐｐｍ、ＣＯ２２３．６％を大きく下回る数値を得ている。 As a result of the boiler combustion test of the emulsion fuel obtained in the present invention shown in FIG. 2, the operation state is stable. Compared with Comparative Examples 2 and 3 of C heavy oil combustion in the normal operation state, emulsion combustion has a boiler efficiency of 85. It increased from -88% to 96-92%, and increased from 15 times to 16 times as the evaporation factor. In addition, the amount of supplied air is reduced by several percent, the nitrogen oxide (NO x ) is reduced to about 128 ppm from 230 to 288 ppm only for conventional C heavy oil, and the CO 2 concentration in the exhaust gas is also reduced from 18 to 26% to 12%. Decreased to about 2%. The results are summarized in Table 1. As in Table 1, NO x, CO 2 is reduced as a result, to obtain a numerical value significantly below NO x 188ppm, CO 2 23.6% is environmental standards.
図２〜図４に示すような電子顕微鏡によるエマルジョン燃料の性状変化について、運転現場では検証設備を設置できないので検証は困難であり、また、検証設備のある場所までエマルジョン燃料を輸送しても途中で性状の変化が発生する場合は事実と異なるデータとなる。したがって、性状安定化の検証は、供給するエマルジョン燃料の温度変動が従来の設備と差がないかどうか測定することから推定することとした。従来の設備では供給エマルジョン燃料のタンク内温度の変動は±３℃程度であったが、本発明による設備では温度変動は±１℃以下であった。そのことより密度斑や経時変化斑、油と水の混合比率斑などが減少したと推定している。つまり、本発明によりエマルジョン燃料の性状が安定し、その結果としてボイラーの運転が安定した。使用水の差も明らかで、図２，３の本発明の実施例１，２に比べて無処理の水の比較例１はいずれの測定値も劣るものであった。 It is difficult to verify the property change of the emulsion fuel by the electron microscope as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 because the verification equipment cannot be installed at the operation site, and even if the emulsion fuel is transported to the place where the verification equipment is located If the property changes, the data will be different from the fact. Therefore, the property stabilization verification was estimated by measuring whether the temperature fluctuation of the supplied emulsion fuel is different from the conventional equipment. In the conventional equipment, the fluctuation of the temperature of the supplied emulsion fuel in the tank was about ± 3 ° C., but in the equipment according to the present invention, the temperature fluctuation was ± 1 ° C. or less. It is estimated that density spots, time-varying spots, oil / water mixture ratio spots, and the like have decreased. That is, the properties of the emulsion fuel are stabilized by the present invention, and as a result, the operation of the boiler is stabilized. The difference in the amount of water used was also clear, and the measured value of Comparative Example 1 of untreated water was inferior to that of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention shown in FIGS.
本発明は汎用の油焚きボイラーへの応用が可能であり、特定のプラントや設備に限られるものではない。製造業における燃料費の占める割合は大きく、燃料費削減は大きな課題であるが、本発明の実施によりボイラー効率が向上し、燃料費の数％削減が可能になる。 The present invention can be applied to a general-purpose oil-fired boiler, and is not limited to a specific plant or equipment. Although the ratio of fuel costs in the manufacturing industry is large and reduction of fuel costs is a major issue, the implementation of the present invention improves boiler efficiency and enables several percent reduction in fuel costs.
１ 水処理装置
２１ 第１乳化器
２２ 第２乳化器
２３ 第３乳化器
３ 油供給ポンプ
４ 水供給ポンプ
５ 水循環ポンプ
６ 乳化剤供給ポンプ
７ エマルジョン燃料循環ポンプ
８１ 油流量計
８２ 水流量計
９ 油タンク
１０ 水タンク
１１ 乳化剤タンク
１２ エマルジョン燃料循環タンク
１３ エマルジョン燃料循環ライン
１４ 水循環ライン
１５ 液面計
１６１ 油温度計
１６２ 水温度計
１６３ 乳化剤温度計
１６４ エマルジョン燃料温度計
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water treatment apparatus 21 1st emulsifier 22 2nd emulsifier 23 3rd emulsifier 3 Oil supply pump 4 Water supply pump 5 Water circulation pump 6 Emulsifier supply pump 7 Emulsion fuel circulation pump 81 Oil flow meter 82 Water flow meter 9 Oil tank DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Water tank 11 Emulsifier tank 12 Emulsion fuel circulation tank 13 Emulsion fuel circulation line 14 Water circulation line 15 Liquid level gauge 161 Oil thermometer 162 Water thermometer 163 Emulsifier thermometer 164 Emulsion fuel thermometer
Claims (6)
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| JP2007056040A JP2008214546A (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2007-03-06 | Method and apparatus for producing emulsion fuel |
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| JP2008214546A true JP2008214546A (en) | 2008-09-18 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2009085493A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | Aitekku:Kk | Emulsion fuel feeder and mixer used therefor |
| JP2009227741A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2009-10-08 | Toshiba Plant Systems & Services Corp | Waste oil emulsion fuel generation device |
| JP2011027366A (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-02-10 | Ryoji Watabe | Method of producing emulsion fuel and its device |
| JP2011057954A (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-03-24 | Katsuaki Morinaga | Generator for producing emulsion fuel by mixing water to heavy oil, light oil, tempura oil, regenerated oil of waste tempura oil or the like and boiler fuel supply apparatus using the generator |
| JP2011116923A (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-16 | Kuniharu Morinaga | Formation vessel which forms fuel prepared by emulsifying mixture of liquid fuel such as heavy oil or gas oil optionally mixed with frying oil or regenerated used frying oil or regenerated waste oil, mixing preparation vessel for homogenizing composition of water and oil, or boiler fuel feed apparatus which stably feeds fuel into nozzle and uses feed tank/fuel return apparatus |
| JP2011195643A (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-10-06 | Kassui Plant Kk | Apparatus and method for producing emulsion fuel |
| JP5267898B1 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-08-21 | 株式会社山陽ポンプ工業所 | Method and apparatus for reforming fossil fuel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2009085493A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | Aitekku:Kk | Emulsion fuel feeder and mixer used therefor |
| JP2009227741A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2009-10-08 | Toshiba Plant Systems & Services Corp | Waste oil emulsion fuel generation device |
| JP2011027366A (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-02-10 | Ryoji Watabe | Method of producing emulsion fuel and its device |
| JP2011057954A (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-03-24 | Katsuaki Morinaga | Generator for producing emulsion fuel by mixing water to heavy oil, light oil, tempura oil, regenerated oil of waste tempura oil or the like and boiler fuel supply apparatus using the generator |
| JP2011116923A (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-16 | Kuniharu Morinaga | Formation vessel which forms fuel prepared by emulsifying mixture of liquid fuel such as heavy oil or gas oil optionally mixed with frying oil or regenerated used frying oil or regenerated waste oil, mixing preparation vessel for homogenizing composition of water and oil, or boiler fuel feed apparatus which stably feeds fuel into nozzle and uses feed tank/fuel return apparatus |
| JP2011195643A (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-10-06 | Kassui Plant Kk | Apparatus and method for producing emulsion fuel |
| JP5267898B1 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-08-21 | 株式会社山陽ポンプ工業所 | Method and apparatus for reforming fossil fuel |
| JP2014105260A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2014-06-09 | Fujisaki Kogyo:Kk | Method for producing emulsified fuel and apparatus for producing the same |
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