JP2008197407A - Automatic playing device and automatic playing processing program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automatic playing device capable of eliminating a small tempo variation for representing a fluctuation in performance and adjusting a reproduction tempo without impairing a reproducibility of musical condition. <P>SOLUTION: An automatic playing device defines a tempo command META_TEMPO for specifying a reproduction tempo of music and a meta-groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO for setting a small tempo variation for representing a local fluctuation in performance in a music piece with a meta-event in MIDI data, and invalidates the meta-groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO, on the other hand, it updates the reproduction tempo specified by the tempo command META_TEMPO according to a USER tempo adjustment value being set only when starting automatic performance in a state of presetting the USER tempo adjustment value before starting the automatic performance. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an automatic performance apparatus and an automatic performance processing program suitable for use in an electronic musical instrument.

  As is well known, in an automatic performance device such as a sequencer, data representing the pitch, volume and tone / mute timing of each sound to be played, data specifying the tone color of a musical tone to be generated, and tempo data specifying a playback tempo Based on SMF format performance data (MIDI data) including the above, automatic performance is performed in which a musical tone having a specified pitch / volume generated from waveform data of a specified tone color is reproduced at a specified tempo.

  In such automatic performance, in order to adjust the playback tempo, for example, as in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, the user tempo setting value generated by the user's tempo changing operation is changed to the value of tempo data defined in the MIDI data. In addition to changing the playback tempo by multiplication, there are known modes in which the user tempo setting value is added to the tempo data value, or the user tempo setting value is replaced with tempo data.

JP-A-8-30272

  Problems that occur in the above-described conventional reproduction tempo adjustment will be described with reference to FIGS. First, FIG. 13 is a graph illustrating the change over time of the tempo value defined by the MIDI data. The vertical axis of the graph is the tempo value, and the horizontal axis is the elapsed time represented by the number of bars. The example shown in this graph expresses a small tempo change that expresses fluctuations in performance within each measure from the first measure to the fourth measure, and a rapid tempo change of the third measure that accompanies the change in tune. ing.

  When the tempo value defined in the MIDI data changes with time as in the example shown in FIG. 13, the tempo value is multiplied by the user tempo setting value (−50%) generated by the user's tempo change operation. As shown in FIG. 14, small tempo fluctuations that express performance fluctuations are also reproduced at the same ratio. For the purpose of appreciating a song that is played automatically, this small tempo change is interpreted as a so-called “pitch” in performance, so that no particular trouble occurs.

  However, if the user adjusts the tempo for the purpose of practicing performance, it will cause unintentional fluctuations in performance, especially for beginner users who want to practice performance while automatically playing music at a slow and constant tempo. There will be no tempo fluctuation.

  On the other hand, if the user tempo setting value generated by the user's tempo changing operation is replaced with the tempo value as it is, the tempo change due to the change in tune is lost because the tempo value is fixed as shown in FIG. This has the negative effect of reducing the reproducibility of the tune. After all, in other words, there is a problem that the conventional tempo adjustment cannot eliminate small tempo fluctuations that express fluctuations in the performance, and also impairs the reproducibility of the tune.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an automatic performance apparatus that can eliminate small tempo fluctuations that express performance fluctuations and can adjust the reproduction tempo without impairing the reproducibility of the tune. It is also intended to provide an automatic performance processing program.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the performance includes a first tempo command for designating a reproduction tempo and a second tempo command for designating a tempo change, as well as representing each sound constituting the music. Performance data storage means for storing data, tempo adjustment means for setting tempo adjustment values, automatic performance means for automatically performing performance according to performance data read from the performance data storage means, and tempo adjustment values by the tempo adjustment means Only when the automatic performance is started in the set state, the automatic performance means is instructed to invalidate the tempo change instruction by the second tempo command, and in accordance with the tempo adjustment value set by the tempo adjustment means. Tempo change instruction means for instructing the automatic performance means to change the playback tempo specified by the first tempo command. And wherein the door.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, performance data storage means for storing performance data including a tempo command for designating a reproduction tempo and representing each sound constituting the music, and a predetermined section stored in the performance data storage means A tempo command having the longest section occupation period is detected from each piece of performance data, and the detected tempo command is set to a first tempo command that designates a representative playback tempo of the section. A command replacement means for replacing a tempo command other than the first tempo command existing in the second tempo command with a second tempo command for instructing a tempo change, a tempo adjustment means for setting a tempo adjustment value, and the command replacement means. The performance data in which the tempo command is replaced with the first or second tempo command is read from the performance data storage means. Only when the automatic performance means for performing automatically and the automatic performance is started with the tempo adjustment value set by the tempo adjustment means, the tempo change instruction by the second tempo command is invalidated to the automatic performance means. Tempo change instruction means for instructing the automatic performance means to change the playback tempo specified by the first tempo command in accordance with the tempo adjustment value set by the tempo adjustment means. Features.

  In the invention according to claim 3 that depends on either claim 1 or 2, the second tempo command sets a small tempo variation that expresses a fluctuation in performance using a meta event in the performance data. It is characterized by doing.

  In the invention according to claim 4, which is dependent on claim 2, the command replacement means includes the tempo value specified by the first tempo command of the current section to be replaced and the first tempo of the previous section. When the difference from the tempo value designated by the command is within a predetermined value, there is further provided replacement means for replacing the first tempo command in the previous section with the first tempo command in the current section.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the tempo adjustment process for setting the tempo adjustment value, the first tempo command for designating the reproduction tempo, and the second tempo for indicating the tempo change, representing each sound constituting the music piece. Only when the automatic performance process for automatically performing the performance according to the performance data including the command and the automatic performance is started with the tempo adjustment value set by the tempo adjustment process, the tempo change instruction by the second tempo command is issued. A tempo change instruction that instructs the automatic performance process to change the playback tempo specified by the first tempo command according to the tempo adjustment value set by the tempo adjustment process while instructing the automatic performance process to be invalid Processing.

  According to the sixth aspect of the invention, the tempo command that represents each sound constituting the music and that has the longest section occupation period is detected from the performance data for each predetermined section including the tempo command that specifies the playback tempo. The detected tempo command is set to a first tempo command that designates a representative playback tempo of the section, and tempo commands other than the first tempo command existing in the section are instructed to change the tempo. In accordance with the performance data in which the tempo command is replaced with the first or second tempo command by the command replacement process. When automatic performance is started with automatic performance processing for automatic performance and tempo adjustment values set by the tempo adjustment processing. Only when the automatic performance process is instructed to invalidate the tempo change instruction by the second tempo command, the playback tempo specified by the first tempo command is set according to the tempo adjustment value set by the tempo adjustment process. And a tempo change instruction process instructing the automatic performance process to change.

  In the present invention, when the performance data is provided with the first tempo command for designating the reproduction tempo and the second tempo command for instructing the tempo change, and the automatic performance is started with the tempo adjustment value set. Only the tempo change instruction by the second tempo command is invalidated, while the playback tempo specified by the first tempo command is changed according to the set tempo adjustment value, so that a small fluctuation expressing the performance is expressed. Tempo variations can be eliminated, and the playback tempo can be adjusted without impairing the reproducibility of the tune.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
A. Constitution
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an automatic performance device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, the CPU 1 automatically controls the sound source 7 based on performance data (MIDI data) read out from the RAM 3 or controls the operation of each part of the apparatus according to a switch event supplied from the operation unit 4 (described later). Perform a performance. A characteristic processing operation of the CPU 1 according to the gist of the present invention will be described in detail later.

  The ROM 2 includes a program area and a data area. Various programs executed by the CPU 1 are stored in the program area of the ROM 2. The various programs include a main routine and reproduction processing described later. In the data area of the ROM 2, performance data (MIDI data) of various songs is stored. Here, the configuration of the MIDI data stored in the data area of the ROM 2 will be described with reference to FIG. The MIDI data shown in this figure is called a so-called multitrack SMF format, and is composed of one header HD and a plurality of performance tracks [1] to [N].

  A header HD (header chunk) in the MIDI data represents data attributes (format type, number of performance tracks, time unit) after the header HD. The performance tracks [1] to [N] correspond to the performance parts of the song, respectively. One performance track is addressed with SMF commands composed of a delta time ΔT and an event EV in the order of music progression. The delta time ΔT represents the next event timing by the elapsed time (step value) from the previous event. The event EV is formed by any one of known MIDI events, system exclusive events, and meta events.

  As is well known, the playback tempo of automatic performance is defined by a meta event. Specifically, the tempo value tempo is set when the meta event is formed from a command string of [FFh, 51h, 03h, tempo (3 bytes length)]. In the above command sequence, “FFh” (h represents a hexadecimal display) represents a meta command, and “51h” represents a tempo command META_TEMPO (meta subcommand). “03h” represents the data size of the tempo value tempo. The tempo value tempo is a value representing the length of a quarter note in microseconds.

  In the present embodiment, a basic playback tempo at the time of automatic performance is set by the tempo command META_TEMPO of “51h”, and a meta event for setting a small tempo change that expresses fluctuations in performance is set as “53h”, for example. A feature is that a “meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO” is newly provided which uses an unused numerical value in a meta event as a meta subcommand. The purpose of the “metagroove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO” will be described later.

  Next, the configuration will be described with reference to FIG. 1 again. The RAM 3 includes a work area and a data area. In the work area of the RAM 3, various register / flag data used for the processing of the CPU 1 are temporarily stored. In the data area of the RAM 3, MIDI data read from the ROM 2 is stored. That is, the MIDI data of the music selected by the operation of the music selection switch SEL described later is read from the ROM 2 and stored in the data area of the RAM 3 under the control of the CPU 1.

  The operation unit 4 includes various operation switches arranged on a console panel (not shown), and generates a switch event corresponding to each switch operation. This switch event is captured by the CPU 1 key scan. As the types of switches provided in the operation unit 4, in addition to a power switch for turning on and off, a song selection switch SEL for selecting a song to be automatically played, for example, as shown in FIG. There are a USER tempo switch TMP, a stop switch STOP for instructing stop of automatic performance, and a start switch START for instructing start of automatic performance.

  The USER tempo switch TMP is composed of an up switch and a down switch that increase / decrease the reproduction tempo, and controls the reproduction tempo in proportion to the pressing operation of these switches. For example, every time the up switch is pressed, the current playback tempo is increased by + 10%, and every time the down switch is pressed, the current playback tempo is decreased by -10%.

  The keyboard 5 generates performance information composed of a key-on / key-off signal, a key number, velocity, and the like according to a user's key release operation (performance operation). The display unit 6 is composed of an LCD panel or the like, and displays a setting state or the like according to a display control signal supplied from the CPU 1. Specifically, as in the example illustrated in FIG. 4, the display unit 6 includes an area E1 for displaying a song name (SONG NAME) selected by the above-described operation of the song selection switch SEL, and an operation of the USER tempo switch TMP. Are provided with an area E2 for displaying the USER tempo setting value set in, a display mark MK1 representing the on / off state of the stop switch STOP, and a display mark MK2 representing the on / off state of the start switch START.

  The sound source 7 is configured by a well-known waveform memory reading method and includes a plurality of sound generation channels capable of simultaneous sound generation. In the tone generator 7, under the control of the CPU 1, a tone signal corresponding to MIDI data sequentially read from the data area of the RAM 3 and a tone signal corresponding to a tone command generated by the CPU 1 based on performance information output from the keyboard 5 are provided. appear. The sound system 8 D / A converts the musical tone signal output from the sound source 7 and then amplifies it to generate sound from the speaker.

B. Action
Next, the operation of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In the following, first, the operation of the main routine will be described as the overall operation, and then the operation of the reproduction processing according to the gist of the present invention will be described.

(1) Main routine operation (overall operation)
When the automatic performance device according to the first embodiment having the above configuration is turned on, the CPU 1 loads a predetermined control program from the ROM 2 and executes the main routine shown in FIG. Resets various registers / flags stored in the work area and initializes initial values. Next, in step SA2, switch processing corresponding to various switch operations arranged in the operation unit 4, for example, processing for selecting a song to be automatically played by operating the song selection switch SEL, operation of the start switch START or stop switch STOP. Accordingly, processing for instructing start / stop of automatic performance, processing for generating a USER tempo adjustment value according to the operation of the USER tempo switch TMP, and the like are executed.

  Then, when the switch process is completed, the CPU 1 advances the process to step SA3. In step SA3, when the start of automatic performance is instructed in accordance with the operation of the start switch START in the switch processing in step SA2, the delta time ΔT and the event EV are selected from the MIDI data stored in the data area of the RAM 3. Are sequentially read, and the read SMF command is interpreted and executed to execute reproduction processing for instructing the sound source 7 to perform an automatic performance.

  Next, at step SA4, the display unit 6 displays the operation setting state executed by the keyboard process for generating a musical sound command to be sent to the sound source 7 based on the performance information output from the keyboard 5 and the switch process at step SA2 described above. Other processing such as display processing for screen display is executed. Thereafter, steps SA2 to SA4 are repeated until the power is turned off.

(2) Operation of Reproduction Process Next, the operation of the reproduction process will be described with reference to FIG. When this process is executed through step SA3 (see FIG. 5) of the main routine described above, CPU 1 proceeds to step SB1, and from the delta time ΔT and event EV from the MIDI data stored in the data area of RAM3. The configured SMF command is read and stored in the register CMD.

  In step SB2, the type of the SMF command stored in the register CMD is identified. If the event EV included in the SMF command is “note on” or “note off”, the process proceeds to step SB2, and at the timing designated by the delta time ΔT, the tone / After executing the note-on / note-off process for instructing the sound source 7 to mute, this process is finished.

  If the event EV included in the SMF command is “program change”, the process proceeds to step SB4, and a tone color changing process for instructing the sound source 7 to change to the tone color specified by the event EV at the timing specified by the delta time ΔT is performed. After execution, this process is finished.

  If the event EV included in the SMF command is “control change”, the process proceeds to step SB5 to set the controller (volume system operator or pedal system operator) defined by the event EV at the timing specified by the delta time ΔT. After executing the control change process to be changed, this process is finished.

  If the event EV included in the SMF command is “pitch bend”, the process proceeds to step SB6, and after executing pitch bend processing for setting the pitch shift amount and bend range of the pitch bender at the timing specified by the delta time ΔT, this processing is performed. Finish.

  If the event EV included in the SMF command is “metacommand (metaevent)”, the metacommand processing (described later) is executed via step SB7, and then this processing ends.

(3) Meta Command Processing Operation Next, the meta command processing operation will be described with reference to FIG. When this process is executed through step SB7 (see FIG. 6) of the reproduction process described above, the process proceeds to step SC1, where a meta subcommand in the metacommand (metaevent) is extracted and stored in the register SUBCMD. As described above, in the meta command (meta event), the command sequence following the first status byte “FFh” is the meta subcommand.

  Next, in step SC2, the type of the meta subcommand stored in the register SUBCMD is determined. If the meta subcommand is the track end command META_EOT (“2Fh”), the process proceeds to step SC3, the track end process is executed, and this process ends.

  If the meta subcommand is the tempo command META_TEMPO (“51h”), the process proceeds to step SC4, and the tempo value tempo included in the tempo command META_TEMPO is stored in the register DataTempo. In step SC5, the USER tempo adjustment value set according to the operation of the USER tempo switch TMP is multiplied by the tempo value tempo stored in the register DataTempo, and the updated reproduction tempo is stored in the register SystemTempo. This process is finished. Although not shown in the figure, the CPU 1 is configured to generate automatic tempo in synchronization with the reproduction tempo by generating a tempo clock according to the reproduction tempo stored in the register SystemTempo.

  On the other hand, if the meta sub-command is the meta-groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO (“53h”), the process proceeds to step SC6, and the tempo value tempo included in the meta-groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO is stored in the register DataTempo. Next, in step SC7, it is determined whether or not the USER tempo adjustment value has been set in advance before the start of automatic performance.

  If the USER tempo adjustment value has been set in advance before the start of the automatic performance, the determination result here is “YES”, and this processing is completed. That is, if the user has previously set the USER tempo adjustment value before the start of automatic performance for the purpose of practicing performance, the tempo change instruction by the meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO becomes invalid, and a small tempo change that expresses fluctuations in performance Is no longer set.

  On the other hand, if the USER tempo adjustment value is not set in advance before the start of the automatic performance, the determination result in step SC7 is “NO”, and the flow proceeds to step SC8. In step SC8, the tempo value tempo stored in the register DataTempo, that is, the tempo value tempo set by the meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO is multiplied by the USER tempo adjustment value set in accordance with the operation of the USER tempo switch TMP. The reproduction tempo obtained by the above is stored in the register SystemTempo, and this processing is finished.

  Thus, in the meta command processing, if the meta subcommand included in the meta command is the tempo command META_TEMPO (“51h”), the tempo value tempo is set to the USER tempo adjustment set according to the operation of the USER tempo switch TMP. Multiplies the value to update the playback tempo. On the other hand, if the meta subcommand is the meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO (“53h”), it is determined whether or not the USER tempo adjustment value is set in advance before the start of the automatic performance, and the user automatically performs the purpose of performing the performance. If the USER tempo adjustment value is set in advance before the start of the performance, the change of the playback tempo by the meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO is invalidated. If the USER tempo adjustment value is not set in advance before the start of the automatic performance, The reproduction tempo is updated by multiplying the tempo value tempo of the meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO by the USER tempo adjustment value set according to the operation of the USER tempo switch TMP.

  Therefore, when the playback tempo set by the tempo command META_TEMPO and the meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO follows, for example, the change over time shown by the broken line A in FIG. 8, the USER tempo adjustment value (− When the automatic performance is started with the setting of 50%), the small tempo fluctuation that expresses the fluctuation of the performance by the meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO becomes invalid, and the tempo value tempo of the tempo command META_TEMPO is set to the USER tempo adjustment value (−50). %), That is, the automatic performance is advanced at a reproduction tempo that changes with time as indicated by a solid line B in FIG. As a result, it is possible to eliminate small tempo fluctuations that express fluctuations in performance, and to adjust the playback tempo without impairing the reproducibility of the tune.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, the tempo command META_TEMPO for designating the playback tempo of a song and the meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO for setting a small tempo change expressing local fluctuations in performance in the song are MIDI. The meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO is invalidated only when the automatic performance is started with the USER tempo adjustment value set in advance before the automatic performance is started. Since the playback tempo specified by META_TEMPO is updated according to the set USER tempo adjustment value, small tempo fluctuations that express performance fluctuations can be eliminated, and the playback tempo can be adjusted without impairing the reproducibility of the tune. It has come to be able to do.

  In this embodiment, the meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO is invalidated when automatic performance is started with the USER tempo adjustment value set. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the USER tempo switch TMP is increased. It is also possible to instruct invalidation of the meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO when the switch and the down switch are pressed simultaneously, or by operation of an operator provided separately.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. Since the structure of 2nd Embodiment is the same as 1st Embodiment mentioned above, the description is abbreviate | omitted. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment described above in that the occupancy time for each tempo value existing in one measure is detected and the tempo value having the maximum occupancy time is set as the representative tempo. The tempo command META_TEMPO that sets a tempo value that does not match the representative tempo in the measure is to be replaced with the meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO. Hereinafter, the operation of the second embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the main routine according to the second embodiment. The operation of the second embodiment shown in this figure is different from the main routine of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5 in that it has a shaking tempo detection / replacement process in step SD3. In the shaking tempo detection replacement process, a tempo-step table shown in FIG. 10 is used. The tempo-step table is a data table in which the occupation time (step) for each tempo value (now tempo) existing in one measure is registered in the work area of the RAM 3.

  In the example shown in FIG. 10, when the length of one measure is 384 steps (quarter note length “96” × 4), the occupation time of the tempo value “160” is 306 steps, and the tempo values “158” and “159”. , “161” and “162” indicate that the occupation times are 18 steps. The purpose of such a tempo-step table will be described later.

  When the shaking tempo detection / replacement process is executed through step SD3, the CPU 1 proceeds to step SE1 shown in FIG. 11, and reads out all the MIDI data of the performance track, that is, the loop process from step SE1 to step SE13. Steps SE2 to SE12 are repeatedly executed until the process is completed.

  First, in step SE2, an SMF command for one command (delta time ΔT and event EV) is read from the data area of the RAM 3. Subsequently, in step SE3, it is determined whether or not the read SMF command has a timing to cross the bar line or coincide with the bar line. If it does not have the timing to cross the bar line or coincide with the bar line, the determination result is “NO”, and the process proceeds to Step SE4.

  In step SE4, a step value corresponding to the elapsed time from the previous command, that is, the delta time ΔT of the SMF command read this time is added to the register STEP, and the process proceeds to step SE9. In step SE9, it is determined whether or not the event EV of the SMF command read this time is a tempo command META_TEMPO. Hereinafter, the SMF command whose event EV is the tempo command META_TEMPO is referred to as a “TEMPO command”. If the SMF command read this time is not a TEMPO command, the determination result is “NO”, and the flow proceeds to step SE13. If the loop processing has not ended, the processing returns to step SE2 described above, and the reading of the next SMF command is advanced.

  On the other hand, if the SMF command read this time is a TEMPO command, the determination result in step SE9 is “YES”, and the flow proceeds to step SE10. In step SE10, the value of the register STEP at the present time is added to the occupation time (step) corresponding to the current tempo value nowtempo in the tempo-step table. Next, in step SE11, the register STEP is cleared to zero. In step SE12, the current tempo value nowtempo in the tempo-step table is updated according to the tempo value newly set by the current TEMPO command. Thereafter, if the loop processing is not completed, the processing is returned to the above-mentioned step SE2 via step SE13, and the reading of the next SMF command is advanced.

  As described above, if the read SMF command does not have the timing of straddling the bar line or matching the bar line, the elapsed time (step value) from the previous command is added to the register STEP. If the read SMF command is a TEMPO command, the value of the register STEP currently accumulated is added to the occupation time (step) corresponding to the current tempo value nowtempo in the tempo-step table. As a result, the occupation time of the old tempo value before the new tempo change by the current TEMPO command is registered in the tempo-step table. When the occupation time of the old tempo value is registered in the tempo-step table, the register STEP is cleared to zero and the tempo value newly set by the current TEMPO command is changed to the current tempo value nowtempo in the tempo-step table. Updated to

  Thus, in the process of registering the occupation time (step) for each tempo value (nowtempo) existing in one measure in the tempo-step table, the read SMF command crosses the measure line or matches the measure line. If it has the timing, the determination result of step SE3 described above becomes “YES”, and the process proceeds to step SE5.

  In step SE5, the value of the register STEP holding the elapsed time from the previous TEMPO command to the bar line is added to the occupation time (step) corresponding to the current tempo value nowtempo in the tempo-step table. Next, in step SE6, a tempo value having the maximum occupation time is acquired from the tempo-step table, and the acquired tempo value is set as a representative tempo. When there are a plurality of tempo values having the same maximum occupation time in the tempo-step table, for example, a value closer to the representative tempo of the previous measure is selected as the representative tempo of the current measure.

  Subsequently, in step SE7, the tempo value for one measure is detected again from the head of the currently scanned measure in the MIDI data stored in the data area of the RAM 3, and the tempo that does not match the representative tempo obtained in step SE6 is detected. The tempo command META_TEMPO for setting a value is replaced with a meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO. Next, in step SE8, the contents of the tempo-step table are all cleared to zero, and the step value (elapsed time) from the bar line to the present is stored in the register STEP, and then the process proceeds to step SE9 described above.

  Thereafter, by repeating the processing of steps SE2 to SE12 described above until the end of the performance track is reached, a representative tempo for each measure is set, and a tempo command META_TEMPO for setting a tempo value that does not match the representative tempo is set in each measure. The meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO for setting a small tempo change expressing local performance fluctuations in the music is replaced.

  In the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the replaced metagroove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO is used only when the automatic performance is started with the USER tempo adjustment value set in advance before the automatic performance is started. While the playback tempo specified by the tempo command META_TEMPO is updated according to the set USER tempo adjustment value, small tempo fluctuations that express performance fluctuations can be eliminated, and the melody reproducibility can be eliminated. The playback tempo can be adjusted without detracting from the sound.

[Modification]
Next, a modification of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the operation of the shaking tempo detection replacement process according to the modification of the second embodiment. As in the second embodiment described above, when this process is executed via step SD3 (see FIG. 9), the CPU 1 proceeds to step SF1 shown in FIG. 1, and loop processing from step SF1 to step SF15, that is, Steps SF2 to SF14 are repeatedly executed until all the MIDI data of the performance track is read.

  First, in step SF2, an SMF command (delta time ΔT and event EV) for one command is read from the data area of the RAM 3. Subsequently, in step SF3, it is determined whether or not the read SMF command has a timing to cross the bar line or coincide with the bar line. If it does not have the timing that crosses the bar line or coincides with the bar line, the determination result is “NO”, and the process proceeds to step SF4.

  In step SF4, a step value corresponding to the elapsed time from the previous command, that is, the delta time ΔT of the SMF command read this time is added to the register STEP, and the process proceeds to step SF11. In step SF11, it is determined whether or not the event EV of the SMF command read this time is a tempo command META_TEMPO. Hereinafter, the SMF command whose event EV is the tempo command META_TEMPO is referred to as a “TEMPO command”. If the SMF command read this time is not the TEMPO command, the determination result is “NO”, and the process proceeds to Step SF15. If the loop processing has not ended, the processing returns to step SF2 described above, and the reading of the next SMF command is advanced.

  On the other hand, if the SMF command read this time is a TEMPO command, the determination result in step SF11 is “YES”, and the flow advances to step SF12. In step SF12, the current value of the register STEP is added to the occupation time (step) corresponding to the current tempo value nowtempo in the tempo-step table. Next, in step SF13, the register STEP is cleared to zero. In step SF13, the current tempo value nowtempo in the tempo-step table is updated according to the tempo value newly set by the current TEMPO command. Thereafter, if the loop processing is not completed, the processing is returned to the above-described step SF2 via the step SF15, and the reading of the next SMF command is advanced.

  As described above, if the read SMF command does not have the timing of straddling the bar line or matching the bar line, the elapsed time (step value) from the previous command is added to the register STEP. If the read SMF command is a TEMPO command, the value of the register STEP currently accumulated is added to the occupation time (step) corresponding to the current tempo value nowtempo in the tempo-step table. As a result, the occupation time of the old tempo value before the new tempo change by the current TEMPO command is registered in the tempo-step table. When the occupation time of the old tempo value is registered in the tempo-step table, the register STEP is cleared to zero and the tempo value newly set by the current TEMPO command is changed to the current tempo value nowtempo in the tempo-step table. Updated to

  Thus, in the process of registering the occupation time (step) for each tempo value (nowtempo) existing in one measure in the tempo-step table, the read SMF command crosses the measure line or matches the measure line. If it has the timing, the determination result in step SF3 described above becomes “YES”, and the process proceeds to step SF5.

  In step SF5, the value of the register STEP holding the elapsed time from the previous TEMPO command to the bar line is added to the occupation time (step) corresponding to the current tempo value nowtempo in the tempo-step table. Next, in step SF6, a tempo value having the maximum occupation time is acquired from the tempo-step table, and the acquired tempo value is set as a representative tempo. When there are a plurality of tempo values having the same maximum occupation time in the tempo-step table, for example, a value closer to the representative tempo of the previous measure is selected as the representative tempo of the current measure.

  Subsequently, in step SF7, it is determined whether or not the difference between the current representative tempo value set in step SF6 and the representative tempo value of the previous measure is within a predetermined value. If the difference from the representative tempo value of the previous measure is within a predetermined value, the determination result is “YES”, the process proceeds to step SF8, the current representative tempo is replaced with the representative tempo of the previous measure, and then step SF9. Proceed to

  On the other hand, if the difference between the current representative tempo value and the representative tempo value of the previous bar exceeds a predetermined value, the determination result in step SF7 is “NO”, and the process advances to step SF9. In step SF9, the tempo command META_TEMPO for detecting again the tempo value for one measure from the head of the currently scanned measure in the MIDI data stored in the data area of the RAM 3 and setting a tempo value that does not match the representative tempo, Replaced with meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO. Next, in step SF10, all the contents of the tempo-step table are cleared to zero, and the step value (elapsed time) from the bar line to the present is stored in the register STEP, and then the process proceeds to step SF11 described above.

  Thereafter, by repeating the above-described steps SF2 to SF14 until the end of the performance track is reached, if the difference between the representative tempo value of the current measure and the representative tempo value of the previous measure is within a predetermined value, Replace the representative tempo with the representative tempo of the current measure, and use the representative tempo of the current measure if the difference between the representative tempo value of the current measure and the representative tempo value of the previous measure exceeds a predetermined value. When the representative tempo is set for each measure in this way, the tempo command META_TEMPO that sets a tempo value that does not match the representative tempo in each measure sets a small tempo variation that expresses local performance fluctuations in the song. Is replaced by the meta groove tempo command META_GROOVETEMPO.

  Therefore, in this modified example, as in the first embodiment, the replaced meta groove tempo command META_GROOVEMETPO is used only when the automatic performance is started with the USER tempo adjustment value set in advance before the automatic performance is started. On the other hand, the playback tempo specified by the tempo command META_TEMPO is updated according to the set USER tempo adjustment value, so that small tempo fluctuations that express fluctuations in performance can be eliminated, and the reproducibility of the melody can be improved. The playback tempo can be adjusted without any loss.

  In the modification, if the difference between the representative tempo value of the current measure and the representative tempo value of the previous measure is within a predetermined value, the representative tempo of the previous measure is replaced with the representative tempo of the current measure. If the tempo is not a tempo change but the tempo of the measure changes temporarily, the tempo can be maintained at a constant tempo, and an effect suitable for performance practice for beginner users can be obtained.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of 1st Embodiment by this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of MIDI data. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation switch disposed in the operation unit 4. It is a figure which shows the display form of the display part. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of a main routine. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement of a reproduction | regeneration process. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of a metacommand process. It is a graph for demonstrating operation | movement of a metacommand process. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the main routine by 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of a tempo-step table. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement of a shaking tempo detection replacement process. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement of the shaking tempo detection replacement process by a modification. It is a graph for demonstrating the subject which arises in the conventional reproduction | regeneration tempo adjustment. It is a graph for demonstrating the subject which arises in the conventional reproduction | regeneration tempo adjustment. It is a graph for demonstrating the subject which arises in the conventional reproduction | regeneration tempo adjustment.

Explanation of symbols

1 CPU
2 ROM
3 RAM
4 Operation part 5 Keyboard 6 Display part 7 Sound source 8 Sound system

Claims (6)

Performance data storage means for storing performance data representing each sound constituting the song and including a first tempo command for designating a reproduction tempo and a second tempo command for instructing a tempo change;
A tempo adjustment means for setting a tempo adjustment value;
Automatic performance means for automatically performing according to performance data read from the performance data storage means;
Only when the automatic performance is started with the tempo adjustment value set by the tempo adjustment means, the automatic performance means is instructed to invalidate the tempo change instruction by the second tempo command, while the tempo adjustment means An automatic performance apparatus comprising: tempo change instruction means for instructing the automatic performance means to change the playback tempo specified by the first tempo command in accordance with a set tempo adjustment value. Performance data storage means for storing performance data including tempo commands that specify the playback tempo, as well as representing each sound constituting the song,
A tempo command having the longest section occupation period is detected from the performance data stored in the performance data storage means for each predetermined section, and the detected tempo command designates a representative reproduction tempo of the section. Command replacement means for setting one tempo command and replacing a tempo command other than the first tempo command existing in the section with a second tempo command for instructing a tempo change;
A tempo adjustment means for setting a tempo adjustment value;
Automatic performance means for automatically reading and playing performance data in which the tempo command is replaced by the first or second tempo command by the command replacement means;
Only when the automatic performance is started with the tempo adjustment value set by the tempo adjustment means, the automatic performance means is instructed to invalidate the tempo change instruction by the second tempo command, while the tempo adjustment means An automatic performance apparatus comprising: tempo change instruction means for instructing the automatic performance means to change the playback tempo specified by the first tempo command in accordance with a set tempo adjustment value. 3. The automatic performance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second tempo command sets a small tempo change that represents a fluctuation in performance using a meta event in performance data. When the difference between the tempo value specified by the first tempo command in the current section to be replaced and the tempo value specified by the first tempo command in the previous section is within a predetermined value, the command replacement means 3. The automatic performance apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising replacement means for replacing the first tempo command in the previous section with the first tempo command in the current section. Tempo adjustment processing to set the tempo adjustment value,
An automatic performance process for automatically performing performance in accordance with performance data that represents each sound constituting the song and includes a first tempo command for designating a playback tempo and a second tempo command for instructing a tempo change;
Only when the automatic performance is started with the tempo adjustment value set by the tempo adjustment process, the automatic performance process is instructed to invalidate the tempo change instruction by the second tempo command. An automatic performance processing program for causing a computer to execute a tempo change instruction process for instructing the automatic performance process to change a playback tempo specified by a first tempo command in accordance with a set tempo adjustment value . A tempo command having the longest section occupation period is detected from the performance data for each predetermined section including the tempo command for specifying the playback tempo and representing each sound constituting the music, and the detected tempo command is detected in the section. A command difference that is set to a first tempo command that designates a typical playback tempo and replaces a tempo command other than the first tempo command existing in the section with a second tempo command that instructs tempo change. Conversion process,
Tempo adjustment processing to set the tempo adjustment value,
Automatic performance processing for automatically performing according to performance data in which the tempo command is replaced with the first or second tempo command by the command replacement processing;
Only when the automatic performance is started with the tempo adjustment value set by the tempo adjustment process, the automatic performance process is instructed to invalidate the tempo change instruction by the second tempo command. An automatic performance processing program for causing a computer to execute a tempo change instruction process for instructing the automatic performance process to change a playback tempo specified by a first tempo command in accordance with a set tempo adjustment value .

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