JP2008193916A - Weed preventing method using italian ryegrass - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method performing weed prevention of a grassland with an easy renewed method using no weed killer, and free from damaging growth of pasture. <P>SOLUTION: This weed preventing method using Italian ryegrass comprises seeding Italian ryegrass in a grassland as an objective for easy grassland renewal by surface layer stirring or the like, and harvesting a plurality of times in a year so as to weaken the above-ground part and underground part of underground stem type grass weed and/or weed raised from seed. The underground stem type grass weed is reed canarygrass or Agropyron repens, and the weed raised from seed is Rumex japonicus. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for ecologically controlling rhizome type grass weeds and seedling-generated weeds by introducing Italian ryegrass.

  In pastures (hereinafter referred to as “grassland”), the percentage of basic grasses and legumes is high, and the lower the bad vegetation, the better the productivity. When the ratio of bad vegetation increases, there are problems such as a decrease in nutritional value as feed. Typical bad vegetation includes rhizome type grass weeds such as reed canary grass (hereinafter referred to as “RCG”) and shibamugi, and the weeds that generate seedlings are borage.

  For these grasslands where weeds have increased and vegetation has deteriorated, grasslands are being renewed to improve vegetation. The method of plowing with plow and sowing the new vegetation seed after burying the previous vegetation is called `` complete renewal method '', and the method of sowing with surface agitation with rotor beta without plowing is `` simple '' It is called "update method". When a lot of rhizome type grass weeds are invading, it is necessary to use a herbicide at the time of renewal of the grassland because these weeds regenerate after sowing only by tillage and surface agitation. For example, a method of spraying a glyphosate herbicide on the previous vegetation before plowing, or spraying the herbicide on the same day as the sowing after waiting for the occurrence of seedlings generated after the sowing bed is constructed.

  However, even if the herbicide is used, the effect of controlling weeds is not perfect. In addition, in recent years, the use of herbicides in the surrounding area has been banned from the viewpoint of environmental protection of rivers and the like, and it has become extremely difficult to improve vegetation by renewing grassland. In addition, even in poor drainage areas such as peatland, although RCG is likely to spread, it cannot be used due to phytotoxicity caused by glyphosate herbicides, and there is no effective countermeasure.

Thus, there is a need for a weed control method that does not use herbicides in grassland. As a conventional example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for suppressing the growth of weeds in which a net body of a predetermined mesh is spread and installed in soil, and turf grass is planted in the soil to form turf. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a biological herbicide containing bacteria that infect only grasses that are weeds and not in grasses that are not weeds.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-248056 Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-25045

  Examples of the weed control method without using the herbicide include “biological control”, “mechanical control”, and “ecological (cultivation) control”. As an example of “biological control”, there is Patent Document 2 described above, but a stable effect cannot be obtained, and there is no practicality. Examples of “mechanical control” include deep plowing and burying the previous vegetation in the deep part of the soil, and a method of cultivating the surface several times. Growth also worsens. The method of installing objects such as nets as described in Patent Document 1 also requires labor and cost to apply to a wide range of grassland, and may hinder the growth of pasture.

  In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling weeds of grassland by a simple renewal method (surface agitation etc.) without using a herbicide and not impairing the growth of grass. .

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention introduces Italian ryegrass by a simple renewal method (surface agitation etc.), and uses its vigorous initial growth and regenerative power, This is a method for ecologically controlling the above-ground part and the underground part of seedling-generated weeds. Specifically, it is as follows.

The method for controlling weeds using Italian ryegrass according to claim 1 is a method of planting grassy weeds and / or seedlings by seeding Italian ryegrass on grassland by renewal of grassland by simple renewal method and harvesting several times a year. It is characterized in that the above-ground part and the below-ground part of weeds decline.
The method for controlling weeds using Italian ryegrass according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the method of claim 1, a surface layer stirring method is performed in the simple update method.
A method for controlling weeds using Italian ryegrass according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the method according to claim 1 or 2, the rhizome type gramineous weeds are reed canary grass or buckwheat.
A method for controlling weeds using Italian ryegrass according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in the method according to claim 1 or 2, the seedling-generated weeds are borage.

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be expected.
In the present invention, Italian ryegrass (hereinafter referred to as “IRG”) is introduced by a simple renewal method (surface agitation, etc.) and harvested several times a year to economize rhizome type grasses and / or seedlings weeds. Can be controlled. Here, “and / or” means that it is controlled in grasslands dominated by rhizome weeds, it is controlled in grasslands dominated by seedling-generated weeds, and both grow. It means that both of them are controlled in the pasture. “Control” means that the growth of these weeds in the above-ground part is suppressed and the underground part also declines or the number of individuals is reduced as compared with the case without IRG, and the IRG is further harvested. Each time these events are promoted, which ultimately means that these weeds are almost eliminated from the grassland.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a rhizome type grass weed and / or a seedling generation weed can be controlled ecologically using IRG which is a pasture, without using a herbicide. It is very environmentally preferable not to use a herbicide, and it is also preferable from the viewpoint of food safety. It is particularly useful as a weed control method in areas where herbicides are prohibited. In addition, when a herbicide is used for the weed treatment of the previous vegetation as in the past, it is necessary to wait for a predetermined period until the weeds die, but in the present invention, the grassland is immediately updated for the previous vegetation. Therefore, the period of cessation of pasture production can be shortened.

  As a result of controlling the weeds by carrying out the present invention, since the ratio of IRG in the harvested amount increases, it becomes high-quality grass and can be used as a high-nutrition self-feed. Quantitatively, after the harvest was repeated three times, it was confirmed that a yield of IRG almost similar to that obtained when the herbicide was used was obtained.

  Furthermore, in this invention, a sufficient effect is acquired by performing grassland renewal by a simple renewal method such as surface layer agitation. The simple renewal method is less burdensome than the full renewal method and can be performed at low cost in a short period of time, and there is little risk of soil erosion and a short rest period. In particular, the surface agitation method has a greater soil improvement effect than other simple renewal methods, and also has a leveling effect.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is effective in controlling reed canary grass (hereinafter referred to as “RCG”) that tends to spread particularly in poor drainage, among rhizome type grass weeds, and is also effective in controlling shiba wheat. Among seedlings weeds, it is effective in controlling borage. Since IRG is excellent in moisture resistance, it is effective in application to poor drainage areas.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings showing examples.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart schematically showing an embodiment of a weed control method using IRG according to the present invention.

In this invention, the grassland update process by the simple update method shown to step 1-4 first is performed.
Step 1: In the target grassland where grassland renewal is necessary, the ground is agitated directly on the front vegetation using a rotary harrow, disk harrow, or other working machine in early spring (May to June). In the surface layer agitation method, only the surface layer of the soil (about 15 cm deep) is agitated and crushed with a rotary harrow or the like. Appropriate compost may be sprayed in advance and mixed with soil by surface agitation. Here, the prevegetation is in a state in which rhizome type grass weeds such as RCG and shibamugi, or seedling-generated weeds are growing. Conventionally, when grassland renewal is performed, if the mixed ratio of rhizome type grass weeds is 50% or more in the previous vegetation, it is done after using glyphosate herbicide, and in that case, until the weeds are completely dead Although it is necessary to wait, in the present invention, the grassland renewal is started immediately with the previous vegetation as it is.

-Step 2: Suppress with a working machine such as a roller to create a seeding floor.
-Step 3: IRG is seeded on the sowing bed (about 3.5 to 4.0 kg / 10a).
-Step 4: After sowing, press down with a roller or the like.

  The above steps 2 to 4 are the same as the conventional processes. IRG is one of the typical forage crops, and its nutritional value is not as good as Timothy (hereinafter referred to as “TY”). Good.

  Thereafter, the IRG begins to germinate and grow (No. 1 grass), and at the same time, the weeds contained in the previous vegetation also begin to grow. Rhizome-type grass weeds grow above ground if rhizomes remain. Seedling germinates and grows in seedlings. In the present invention, since the grassland is directly renewed with respect to the prevegetation, when the treatment intensity of the rotary harrow is weak, the growth of the original weed is vigorous, so that the first IRG grass is ecologically competitive with the weed. It becomes.

When the first plant begins to head, the harvesting process after step 5 is performed.
Step 5: Harvest the first grass. Although details will be described in the examples described later, when the strength of the surface layer stirring by the rotary harrow is weak (for example, construction in H17 in Example 1 described later), the first weed has a high ratio of weeds and a low ratio of IRG. After harvesting the first grass, the second grass begins to grow. Even in the second grass, IRG and weeds are slightly mixed.

Step 6: Harvest the second grass. In the second grass, the proportion of weeds is reduced and the proportion of IRG is increased compared to the first grass. The absolute amount of IRG harvest will also increase. After harvesting the second crop, the third crop begins to grow.

Step 7: Harvest the third grass. In the third grass, the proportion of weeds is further lowered and the proportion of IRG is further increased compared to the second grass. The absolute amount of IRG harvest will further increase.

  IRG is a perennial plant that does not overwinter in eastern Hokkaido, and can be harvested three times per season (one year) (steps 5-7 above). According to the present invention, the grassland is renewed by the simple renewal method directly on the previous vegetation without using the herbicide, IRG is sown, and the harvest is repeated. It was confirmed that the ratio decreased, the ratio of IRG increased, and the absolute amount of IRG increased. Furthermore, it is considered that weeds such as RCG can be controlled almost completely by repeating the weed control method according to the present invention for two seasons.

  In addition, since IRG is excellent in moisture resistance, it is also effective for control in poor drainage areas where RCG tends to spread.

  Furthermore, as shown in the examples described later, the method of the present invention was confirmed to have a control effect on other rhizome type grasses such as shibamugi and seedlings weeds such as burrow.

<Test method>
The test area was a condition in which the RCG predominated as prevegetation under conditions where the feed production field stagnates during rainfall.
Different treatment methods were applied to the three test plots shown in Table 1, respectively. The area of 1 ward was 20 m ² and was installed 3 times for each ward.

The conventional method applied a treatment method according to the conventional simple renewal method and sprayed 500 ml / 10a of glyphosate herbicide in the fall of H16. The implementation area did not spray the herbicide.
In the previous zone and the implementation zone, simple renewal by surface agitation with two rounds of rotary harrow in H17 was conducted, and after fertilization suppression, IRG (variety “virion”) was seeded on 3.5 kg / 10a on June 2, H17. did. In the conventional area where the herbicide was sprayed, the RCG coverage before the grassland renewal was zero.
The comparative zone is an existing zone that is still dominated by the RCG.

  Harvesting was performed three times at the beginning of each heading in the conventional plot and the practice plot where IRG was sown, and three times in total at intervals of 35 days thereafter in the comparative plot starting with the first heading.

<Test results>
FIG. 2 is a graph based on the dry matter yield of the above-ground parts of No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 in each test section. The bar graph is the dry matter yield of the harvested above-ground part, and the line graph is the ratio of RCG to the dry matter yield.
In the conventional plot where simple renewal and IRG introduction were performed using herbicides, the ratio of RCG was 0% from the first to the third grass, and the yield of IRG was less fluctuating between the banquets. The yield in the conventional plot is not inferior to that in the comparative plot, which indicates the IRG's original regenerative power and vigorous growth.

In the implementation area where simple renewal and IRG introduction were carried out without using herbicides, RCG accounted for 90% of the dry matter yield in the 1st grass, but the ratio decreased as the 2nd and 3rd grass. In 3rd grass, it decreased to 15%. On the other hand, the proportion of IRG in the implementation zone gradually increased, and the dry matter yield of IRG in the third grass was about the same as that in the conventional zone. Thereby, it was confirmed that at least the above-ground part of RCG can be remarkably controlled only by introducing simple IRG by surface layer stirring without using a herbicide.
On the other hand, in the comparison plot, the ratio of RCG was 90% or more in any of the first to third plants.

<Test method>
In H18, the year after Example 1, the treatment was performed on each of the four test plots in Table 2.

The conventional section 2I applied the method of the present invention to the conventional section of Example 1 in which the renewal was performed without using a herbicide in 18 years and IRG was introduced.
The implementation district was an annual iteration of the implementation district of Example 1, and the method of the present invention was applied again to another district where RCG predominated.
The comparative section is an existing RCG section similar to that in the first embodiment.
The comparison zone 2T is a zone in which TY was introduced in place of the IRG by performing a simple renewal without using a herbicide in the H18 year compared to the district in Example 1. This is for confirming the degree of RCG regeneration (mainly due to the underground portion of the remaining RCG) when TY with weak competitiveness is introduced.

<Test results>
(1) Ratio of RCG in the dry matter yield in the above-ground part Fig. 3 is a graph showing the change in the ratio of RCG in the dry matter yield in the above-ground part of the first, second and third grasses in each test area. is there.
In Conventional Zone 2I, only simple renewal and IRG introduction were performed in the second year without using herbicides, but no regeneration of RCG in the above-ground part was observed.
In the implementation area where simple renewal and IRG introduction were carried out without using herbicides, the dry matter yield of RCG was about 15% for the first grass and decreased to 0.1% for the third grass. Note that the ratio of RCG in No. 1 grass was 90% in H17 in Example 1 described above, but it was 15% in H18 in Example 2 due to the difference in the strength of rotary halo treatment. it is conceivable that. In the construction of Example 18 in H18, the RCG rhizome was cut smaller by running slowly and carefully performing the rotary harrow treatment, so the regeneration (growth) speed of RCG was higher than that of Example 17 in H17. It seems that it was calm.
In the comparative plot, the ratio of RCG was 90% or more in any of the first to third plants.
In comparison zone 2T, TY was introduced in the second year in the implementation zone where IRG was introduced in the first year, but the ratio of RCG exceeded 20% in the first and second grasses, and the regeneration of RCG It was seen. Since TY has weak competitiveness, it was confirmed that weed control effects like IRG cannot be expected.

(2) Ratio of RCG to the amount of dry matter in the underground part FIG. 4 is a graph showing the root amount (namely, the underground part) at the end of one season of RCG in each test area. In comparison Zone In the exemplary Ward whereas a 815.5g / m ² is 148.8 g / m ^2. That is, it was confirmed that the root amount of RCG was reduced to 18% in one season by simple update and introduction of IRG.

  From the results of Examples 1 and 2 above, the simple update and the introduction of IRG have the effect of controlling RCG even for one year, but if IRG is introduced for two consecutive years, a more reliable control effect can be obtained. It was confirmed. In particular, reliable control (not regeneration) can be performed by the decline of the underground portion of the RCG.

<Test method>
The area where Shibamugi predominates as a prevegetation was defined as a test area, and the test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 for the three test areas shown in Table 3.

The implementation area did a simple renewal by surface agitation without using a herbicide to Shibamugi dominant area, introduced IRG, and harvested three times in one season.
The comparative area is an existing area where Shibamugi still dominates.

<Test results>
(1) Percentage of Shibamugi in the dry matter yield of the above-ground part Figure 5 is a graph showing the change in the percentage of Shibamugi in the dry matter yield of the first, second and third grasses in each test area. is there.
In the area where simple renewal and IRG introduction were carried out without using herbicides, the dry matter yield of RCG was about 12% for the first grass and decreased to 5.8% for the third grass.
In the comparative plot, the ratio of RCG was 80% or more in any of the first to third plants.

(2) Percentage of Shibamugi in the amount of dry matter in the basement FIG. 6 is a graph showing the root mass (ie, the basement) at the end of one season of Shibamugi in each test zone. In the comparison plot, it is 782.3 g / m ² whereas in the implementation plot, it is 131.2 g / m ² . That is, it was confirmed that the root amount of shibamugi was reduced to 17% in one season by simple update and introduction of IRG. In implementation area, we declined to some extent than conventional area using herbicide.

  From the results of Example 3 above, it was confirmed that the simple update and the introduction of IRG according to the present invention also have a controlling effect on shibamugi. In particular, reliable control can be performed by the decline of the underground part of shibamugi.

<Test method>
The area where seedling weeds such as stigma predominate as prevegetation was defined as the test area, and the test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 for the three test areas shown in Table 4.

The implementation district did a simple renewal by surface agitation without using herbicides for the dominant district such as Gishigishi, introduced IRG, and harvested three times in one season.
The comparative group T performed a simple renewal by superficial agitation without using a herbicide to the dominant group such as Gishigishi, introduced TY instead of IRG, and harvested three times in one season.
The comparative area is an existing area that is predominately squeezed.

<Test results>
(1) Proportion of burrows and the like in the above-ground part Table 5 shows changes in crown coverage of burrows and the like, and Table 6 shows changes in the number of individuals such as burrows.

As shown in Table 5, in the areas where simple renewal and IRG were introduced, the crown coverage decreased from 20% at the time of the first grass to 5% at the time of the third grass (at the time of the first grass) (If it is 100%, it is 18% for the third grass).
In the comparative area where simple update and TY were introduced, the crown coverage was about 25% with almost no change from No. 1 to No. 3.

As shown in Table 6, in the area where the simple update and IRG were introduced, the number of individuals increased from 6.1 / m ² at the time of the first grass to 1.8 / m ² at the time of the third grass. Decreased (22% for 3rd grass when 100% for 1st grass).
In the comparison plot where simple update and TY were introduced, the number of individuals decreased only from 14.0 / m ² at the time of the first grass to 8.3 / m ² at the time of the third grass (No. 1 The rate of decline was inferior to that of the district where the grass was 100% and 59% for the third grass.

(2) Percentage of burrows and the like in the underground part Table 7 shows the results of germination tests after collecting soil (15 cm depth) in each test section.

  In the comparative area which is an existing area such as Gishigishi, 368.7 individuals germinated, while in the implementation area where the simple update and IRG introduction were performed, 65.3 individuals germinated. According to the present invention, the degree of seedling generation was reduced to 18%.

  From the results of Example 4 above, it was confirmed that the simple renewal and the introduction of IRG according to the present invention have a controlling effect on seedling-producing weeds including borage. In particular, reliable control can be performed by the decline of the underground.

3 is a flowchart schematically showing an embodiment of a weed control method using IRG according to the present invention. It is a graph based on the dry matter yield of the above-ground part of 1st grass, 2nd grass, and 3rd grass in each test section. It is the graph which showed the change of the ratio of RCG in the dry matter yield of the above-ground part of the 1st grass, the 2nd grass, and the 3rd grass in each test section. It is a graph which shows the root amount (namely, underground part) at the time of the end of 1 season of RCG in each test section. It is the graph which showed the change of the ratio of Shibamugi in the dry matter yield in the above-ground part of 1st grass, 2nd grass, and 3rd grass in each test section. It is a graph which shows the root amount (namely, underground part) at the time of the end of one season of Shibamugi in each test section.

Claims (4)

  By renewing grassland by simple renewal method, seeding Italian ryegrass on the target grassland, and harvesting multiple times a year, the aboveground part and the underground part of seedling weeds and / or seedling-generated weeds decline A method for controlling weeds using Italian ryegrass.   2. The weed control method using Italian ryegrass according to claim 1, wherein a surface layer stirring method is performed in the simple update method.   The weed control method using Italian ryegrass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rhizome type grass weed is reed canary grass or shiba wheat.   3. The method for controlling weeds using Italian ryegrass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seedling-generated weeds are borage.

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