JP2008183612A - Laser brazing method - Google Patents
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- JP2008183612A JP2008183612A JP2007021608A JP2007021608A JP2008183612A JP 2008183612 A JP2008183612 A JP 2008183612A JP 2007021608 A JP2007021608 A JP 2007021608A JP 2007021608 A JP2007021608 A JP 2007021608A JP 2008183612 A JP2008183612 A JP 2008183612A
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- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017827 Cu—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、レーザブレージング法に関し、特に薄鋼板の重ね隅肉継手に用いて好適なものに関する。 The present invention relates to a laser brazing method, and more particularly to a laser brazing method suitable for use in a lap fillet joint of thin steel plates.
被接合材料を溶融させずに，被接合材料よりも低い融点を有するろう材を介して接合を行うブレージングは電子部品、自動車などに広く用いられ、その熱源には，炉加熱，ガス炎，アークまたはレーザなど様々なものが使用されている。 Brazing, which does not melt the material to be joined, but is joined via a brazing material having a melting point lower than that of the material to be joined, is widely used in electronic parts, automobiles, etc. The heat sources include furnace heating, gas flame, arc Or various things, such as a laser, are used.
これらのうち、レーザブレージングは，ろう付に要する入熱が小さくて熱歪が発生しにくく部材の精度が保持され，見栄えの良い継手を効率的に作製することができるため自動車車体のような薄鋼板からなる構造部材の重ね隅肉継手の接合に用いられる。 Among these, laser brazing is thin like an automobile body because the heat input required for brazing is small and heat distortion does not easily occur and the accuracy of the member is maintained, and a good-looking joint can be efficiently produced. Used for joining lap fillet joints of structural members made of steel plates.
図２は重ね隅肉継手のレーザブレージングを説明する模式図で，下板２に接した上板１のエッジ部にろう材ワイヤ３を供給し，ろう材ワイヤ３のワイヤ径よりも大きなスポット径のレーザビーム４によってろう材ワイヤ３、上板１のエッジ部，下板２の表面を照射，加熱し，ワイヤ供給点とレーザビーム４を同時に移動させることによってろう付けを行う。
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining laser brazing of a lap fillet joint. A brazing material wire 3 is supplied to the edge portion of the upper plate 1 in contact with the
一般的に、鋼板のレーザブレージングの場合，銅合金がろう材としてよく使用されるが、銅合金製の溶着金属は鋼板と比較して強度が低く，特に高強度鋼板の継手では軟質の溶着部で継手が形成され、ろう材溶着部そのものが破断することで継手の強度が決定される、いわゆるアンダーマッチング継手となる。 In general, in the case of laser brazing of steel plates, copper alloys are often used as brazing filler metals, but the weld metal made of copper alloys has a lower strength than steel plates, especially in the joints of high-strength steel plates, soft welds. Thus, a joint is formed, and the brazing material welded portion itself breaks, so that the strength of the joint is determined, so-called an undermatching joint.
そのため、自動車車体の重ね隅肉継手のレーザブレージングに関しては、その接合強度、更には外観向上を目的に種々の提案がなされている。 For this reason, various proposals have been made regarding the laser brazing of a lap fillet joint of an automobile body for the purpose of improving the joining strength and appearance.
特許文献１には、重ね隅肉継手における上板と下板の間に、一定の隙間を設け、溶融したろう材が当該隙間に入り込むことによって接合面積を増大させることが記載されている。 Patent Document 1 describes that a certain gap is provided between an upper plate and a lower plate in a lap fillet joint, and a molten brazing material enters the gap to increase a bonding area.
特許文献２は、ビードの肉盛を大きくすることなく、互いに重ね合わせた一対の部材相互間の接合強度を高めるレーザブレージング加工方法およびその装置に関し、重ね隅肉継手の上板と下板の間に隙間確保用ローラを挿入して隙間を設け、溶融ろう材を入り込ませてぬれ面積を拡大させることが記載されている。
また、特許文献３は、多関節ロボットに加工ヘッドと称されるレーザ出射装置を取り付けて曲げ部をレーザブレージングする方法に関し、曲げ部での加工点の移動速度に応じて溶融材料の供給量を調整し、外観部分に盛り上がりなどが発生しないようにすることが記載されている。
しかしながら、自動車車体用鋼板の高強度化は著しく、引張り強さ３９０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上の鋼板をレーザブレージングして得られる重ね隅肉継手で母材破断が要求されている。 However, the strength of steel plates for automobile bodies has been remarkably increased, and there is a demand for rupture of a base metal in a lap fillet joint obtained by laser brazing a steel plate having a tensile strength of 390 N / mm 2 or more.
ＪＩＳＺ３３４１ＹＣｕＳｉＢ相当のけい素青銅製ワイヤをろう材として使用したレーザブレージングでは，板厚０．７〜１．０ｍｍ，引張強さ２７０Ｎ／ｍｍ２の軟鋼板の重ね隅肉継手において，母材破断となる継手を得ることが可能であるが、同じワイヤをろう材として使用して適正なブレージングを行っても，引張り強さ３９０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上の鋼板による継手の引張せん断試験では溶着部が破断し，母材よりも低強度となる。 In laser brazing using a silicon bronze wire equivalent to JISZ3341YCuSiB as a brazing material, the base metal breaks in a lap fillet joint of mild steel sheets with a plate thickness of 0.7 to 1.0 mm and a tensile strength of 270 N / mm 2 Although it is possible to obtain a joint, even if appropriate brazing is performed using the same wire as a brazing material, the welded portion breaks in a tensile shear test of a joint with a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 390 N / mm 2 or more, Lower strength than the base material.
また、特許文献１は、Ｃｕ−３％Ｓｉ−１％Ｍｎ組成の銅合金製ワイヤをろう材として使用し適正に隙間を設けても，２７０ＭＰａ級の上板が母材破断する程度の強度が得られることを示しているに過ぎず，引張り強さ３９０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上の高強度鋼板を対象とするものではない。 Further, Patent Document 1 shows that even when a copper alloy wire having a Cu-3% Si-1% Mn composition is used as a brazing material and an appropriate gap is provided, the strength of the upper plate of the 270 MPa class breaks the base material. It only shows that it is obtained, and is not intended for a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 390 N / mm 2 or more.
高強度鋼板との組合せで継手強度を向上するには，溶着部の強度を高めることが有効であるが，より強度の高いろう材は総じて融点が高くなり，ろう付の作業性が低下する。 In order to improve joint strength by combining with high-strength steel sheets, it is effective to increase the strength of the welded part. However, brazing materials with higher strength generally have a higher melting point and lower the workability of brazing.
銅合金をろう材として用いる場合でも，Ａｌ，Ｎｉ等の合金元素を添加することで溶着部の強度を上げることが可能であるが，合金添加量を増加するとろう材の融点が高くなりろう材を溶融させにくくなるほか，鋼板との濡れ性を低下させることになり，ろう付作業性の低下を招く。 Even when a copper alloy is used as a brazing material, it is possible to increase the strength of the welded portion by adding an alloy element such as Al or Ni. However, increasing the amount of alloy addition increases the melting point of the brazing material. In addition to making it difficult to melt, it also reduces the wettability with the steel sheet, leading to a reduction in brazing workability.
また，合金を添加することによってろう材の製造コストが著しく上昇し，経済的に不利益となることも無視できない。 In addition, it cannot be ignored that the addition of an alloy significantly increases the manufacturing cost of the brazing material and is economically disadvantageous.
そこで、本発明は、高価なろう材を用いることなく、引張り強さ３９０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上の高強度鋼板による重ね隅肉継手で、母材破断が得られるレーザブレージング法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention, without using an expensive braze, in lap fillet joint according to strength 390 N / mm 2 or more high-strength steel sheet tensile, and aims to provide a laser brazing technique preform breaking is obtained To do.
発明者らは，上記課題の解決に向けて鋭意研究を重ね，以下の知見を得た。
（１）銅合金製のろう材が溶融して形成される溶着金属にＦｅが混入するとＦｅが銅合金の強化元素として働き，溶着金属中でＣｕ−Ｆｅ合金を形成し，溶着金属の強度を向上させる。
（２）溶着金属にＦｅを混入させるためには、レーザビームの照射条件を調整し，上板および下板鋼板を少量溶融させることが有効である。
（３）鋼板を溶融させることで，鋼板の熱的損傷および熱歪が小さいという本来のレーザブレージングの利点が失われることが懸念されるが，接合速度の速いレーザブレージングにおいては，鋼板を少量溶融させた場合においてもその熱影響は小さく，鋼板溶融量を調整することで熱的損傷および熱歪の発生を抑制することが可能である。
Inventors repeated earnest research toward the solution of the said subject, and acquired the following knowledge.
(1) When Fe is mixed into the weld metal formed by melting the copper alloy brazing material, Fe acts as a strengthening element of the copper alloy, forming a Cu-Fe alloy in the weld metal, and increasing the strength of the weld metal. Improve.
(2) In order to mix Fe into the weld metal, it is effective to adjust the laser beam irradiation conditions and melt a small amount of the upper and lower plate steel plates.
(3) Although there is a concern that the advantages of the original laser brazing, that is, the thermal damage and thermal strain of the steel sheet are small, will be lost by melting the steel sheet. Even in such a case, the thermal effect is small, and the occurrence of thermal damage and thermal strain can be suppressed by adjusting the amount of steel sheet melted.
本発明は得られた知見を基に更に検討を加えてなされたもので、すなわち、本発明は、
１．ろう材として銅合金製ワイヤを使用する，引張り強さ３９０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上の高強度薄鋼板の重ね隅肉継手のレーザブレージング法であって，溶着金属の希釈率が１０〜４０％となるように鋼板を溶融させることを特徴とするレーザブレージング方法。
２．レーザが近赤外光あるいは遠赤外光の波長のレーザであることを特徴とする１記載のレーザブレージング法。
The present invention was made by further study based on the obtained knowledge, that is, the present invention is
1. This is a laser brazing method for lap fillet joints of high-strength thin steel sheets with a tensile strength of 390 N / mm 2 or more using copper alloy wires as brazing material, so that the dilution ratio of the weld metal is 10 to 40%. A laser brazing method characterized in that a steel plate is melted.
2. 2. The laser brazing method according to 1, wherein the laser is a laser having a wavelength of near infrared light or far infrared light.
本発明によれば、引張り強さ３９０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上の高強度薄鋼板を母材とする重ね隅肉継手にろう材として安価で作業性の良い、低融点の銅合金ワイヤを使用しても、継手引張試験で母材破断が得られ、産業上極めて有用である。 According to the present invention, a low melting point copper alloy wire having a low melting point and good workability can be used as a brazing filler metal for a lap fillet joint whose base material is a high strength thin steel plate having a tensile strength of 390 N / mm 2 or more. The base material breakage was obtained in the joint tensile test, which is extremely useful in the industry.
本発明は、重ね隅肉継手の溶着金属の希釈率が１０〜４０％となるようにレーザによりろう材とともに鋼板の一部を溶融させることを特徴とする。 The present invention is characterized in that a part of the steel sheet is melted together with the brazing material by a laser so that the dilution ratio of the weld metal of the lap fillet joint is 10 to 40%.
図１は、本発明の一実施例に係る重ね隅肉継手のレーザブレージング法を説明する図で、上板１と下板２で重ね隅肉継手を構成し、隅肉部にレーザを照射して、ワイヤ状のろう材（図では省略）と上板１および下板２の一部を溶融させて、希釈率が１０〜４０％となる溶着金属５を形成する。
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a laser brazing method for a lap fillet joint according to an embodiment of the present invention. The lap fillet joint is constituted by an upper plate 1 and a
希釈率は、継手断面において溶着金属５の面積ｃ、上板１が溶融した溶融部１１の面積ａ、下板２が溶融した溶融部２１の面積ｂとした場合、（ａ＋ｂ）／（ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ）×１００（％）で求められ、ろう材成分が鋼板（上板１と下板２）成分によって希釈された度合を示す。本発明では希釈率の適正範囲を１０〜４０％とする。
The dilution rate is (a + b) / (a + b + c) when the area c of the
希釈率が１０％未満では、溶着金属中のＦｅ量が不足して合金化が十分でなく溶着金属の強度が溶着金属破断を防止できるほど上昇しない。一方、４０％を超えると溶着金属の強度向上効果が飽和し、且つ鋼板の熱影響部および熱歪が増大し、レーザブレージングの利点が失われ、更に、過剰な希釈によりFe-Cu金属間化合物を多量に生成し、溶着金属の割れあるいは強度低下の原因となるので、１０％〜４０％とする。 If the dilution rate is less than 10%, the amount of Fe in the weld metal is insufficient, alloying is not sufficient, and the strength of the weld metal does not increase so as to prevent the weld metal from being broken. On the other hand, if it exceeds 40%, the effect of improving the strength of the weld metal is saturated, the heat-affected zone and the thermal strain of the steel sheet are increased, and the advantages of laser brazing are lost. Is produced in a large amount and causes cracking of the weld metal or a decrease in strength.
尚、Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧレーザ，炭酸ガスレーザ等の近赤外光あるいは遠赤外光の波長のレーザの場合，鋼よりも銅の反射率が高く，銅合金ワイヤを溶融させる条件では，母材となる鋼板のレーザ照射部は銅合金ワイヤの融点を超える温度に加熱され、鋼板を溶融させて希釈率を調整するのに好ましい。 In the case of a laser with a wavelength of near-infrared light or far-infrared light, such as an Nd: YAG laser or a carbon dioxide laser, the reflectivity of copper is higher than that of steel, and the base material is used under the conditions for melting the copper alloy wire. The laser irradiation portion of the steel plate is heated to a temperature exceeding the melting point of the copper alloy wire, and is preferable for adjusting the dilution rate by melting the steel plate.
下板に板厚１．２ｍｍ×幅１５０ｍｍ×長さ３００ｍｍ，引張強さ３９０Ｎ／ｍｍ２級の冷延鋼板，上板に板厚０．７ｍｍ×幅１５０ｍｍ×長さ３００ｍｍ，引張強さ３９０Ｎ／ｍｍ２級の冷延鋼板を使用し，線径１．２ｍｍの銅合金ワイヤ（Ｃｕ−３．５％Ｓｉ−１％Ｍｎ，ＪＩＳ Ｚ ３３４１ ＹＣｕＳｉＢ相当）をろう材として，重ね代１５ｍｍの重ね隅肉継手のレーザブレージングを行った。 Plate thickness 1.2mm x width 150mm x length 300mm, tensile strength 390N / mm Grade 2 cold rolled steel sheet, top plate thickness 0.7mm x width 150mm x length 300mm, tensile strength 390N / mm mm 2 grade cold rolled steel sheet, copper alloy wire with a wire diameter of 1.2 mm (Cu-3.5% Si-1% Mn, JIS Z 3341 YCuSiB equivalent) as brazing material, with a stacking margin of 15mm. Laser brazing of the meat joint was performed.
レーザは，Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧレーザを使用し，ビームスポット径を１．８ｍｍとしてレーザ照射を行い，レーザ出力，接合速度を種々変化させて継手を作製した。なお，ここでは，各継手のろう材溶着量が等しくなるよう，ろう材ワイヤの供給速度と接合速度の比率を一定にした。 The laser used was an Nd: YAG laser, the beam spot diameter was 1.8 mm, laser irradiation was performed, and the laser output and joining speed were variously changed to produce a joint. Here, the ratio of the brazing wire supply speed and the joining speed was made constant so that the amount of brazing filler metal welded at each joint would be equal.
継手の評価は，希釈率測定，溶着金属硬さ試験および引張せん断試験によって行った。希釈率は接合部の断面観察により求め，溶着金属硬さはビッカース硬さ試験機を用いて溶着金属断面の硬さを荷重9.8N（1kgf）にて５点試験した平均値を求めた。引張せん断試験は幅４０ｍｍの引張試験片を用い、引張せん断強度と破断位置を求めた。結果を表１に示す。 The joints were evaluated by dilution rate measurement, weld metal hardness test and tensile shear test. The dilution rate was determined by observing the cross section of the joint, and the weld metal hardness was determined by averaging the hardness of the weld metal cross section with a load of 9.8 N (1 kgf) using a Vickers hardness tester. In the tensile shear test, a tensile test piece having a width of 40 mm was used to determine the tensile shear strength and the breaking position. The results are shown in Table 1.
本発明の実施例であるＮｏ．１〜４の継手では，希釈率が１０〜４０％の適正範囲となっているためHV160を超える硬さの高強度の溶着金属が得られ，引張せん断試験において上板母材部での破断となり，１１ｋＮ以上（上板断面積による応力換算で４００Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上）と高い継手強度が得られた。 No. which is an example of the present invention. In the joints 1 to 4, the dilution ratio is in the appropriate range of 10 to 40%, so a high strength weld metal with a hardness exceeding HV160 is obtained, and in the tensile shear test, it breaks at the upper base metal part. , 11 kN or more (400 N / mm 2 or more in terms of stress based on the cross-sectional area of the upper plate), a high joint strength was obtained.
一方，比較例では，Ｎｏ．５〜７が，希釈率１０％未満であるため溶着金属強度が母材強度に比べて低くなり，溶着金属部で破断し，継手強度は１０ｋＮ未満であった。 On the other hand, in the comparative example, no. 5 to 7 had a dilution ratio of less than 10%, so that the weld metal strength was lower than the base metal strength, fractured at the weld metal portion, and the joint strength was less than 10 kN.
また，比較例Ｎｏ．８では，希釈率が４０％を超え，溶着金属強度の向上により高い継手強度が得られたものの，ブレージング後の継手において下板レーザ照射部裏側の酸化，継手の縦曲がりおよび角変形が発生し，レーザ照射による熱影響，熱歪が顕著に現れた。 Comparative Example No. In No. 8, the dilution ratio exceeded 40%, and high joint strength was obtained by improving the weld metal strength. However, oxidation on the back side of the lower plate laser irradiation part, longitudinal bending and angular deformation of the joint occurred in the joint after brazing. The thermal effects and thermal distortions due to laser irradiation appeared remarkably.
１ 上板
２ 下板
３ ろう材
４ レーザ
１１、２１ 溶融部
1
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| JP2004001085A (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2004-01-08 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Filler metal for welding aluminum alloy and welding method for aluminum alloy using it |
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| JP2005177849A (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-07-07 | Jfe Steel Kk | Lap fillet welded joint brazing method |
| JP2005238264A (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-09-08 | Jfe Steel Kk | Brazing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57171599A (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1982-10-22 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Low melting point cu-ag system alloy solder with excellent wetting property |
| JP2004001085A (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2004-01-08 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Filler metal for welding aluminum alloy and welding method for aluminum alloy using it |
| JP2005058009A (en) * | 2003-08-12 | 2005-03-10 | Kazuo Tsumura | Health supplement |
| JP2005177849A (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-07-07 | Jfe Steel Kk | Lap fillet welded joint brazing method |
| JP2005238264A (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-09-08 | Jfe Steel Kk | Brazing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US9272368B2 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2016-03-01 | Emerson Climate Technologies Gmbh | Method of joining two components using a welding process |
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