JP2008180473A - Hybrid energy-using heat pump device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem in which a practical system for using heat of a fuel-using or solar light-using cogeneration device in combination with midnight power with favored power charge has not been established yet and there remain many technical problems in practical use of the function of a heat pump as a device for using these heat sources and power for hybrid, whereas low-temperature heat which is generally disposed is extremely expectable for human beings to effectively use next-generation energy and improve the global warming, and such a system is prospective for effectively using the heat of the cogeneration device. <P>SOLUTION: The problem is solved by organizing, based on that heat from a low-temperature heat source is directly received by a heat pump, the whole system by adding, when the heat source is insufficient or not matched to consumer-side needs, a design such as backup of heat supply by operating the heat pump by midnight power with the atmosphere as a heat source, and clarifying a concrete structure and method needed for practically operating the system. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

In the future, as one of the measures for solving the global environmental problem and the problem of energy depletion, there is a question as to how efficiently the heat energy at a relatively low temperature, which has not been successfully used so far, can be used. The field to which the technology of the present invention is applied is such a device that uses low-temperature thermal energy, which has been difficult to use in the past, as a heat source, for consumer use, particularly for home use, business use, or industrial use. Relates to the device. The heat source includes exhaust heat from various heat utilization devices, exhaust heat from hot water drainage, and thermal output from cogeneration devices that are expanding as local power and heat supply devices. Thus, it is a relatively low-temperature heat source such that the temperature received by the medium using the heat exchanger is 60 ° C. or lower.

These heat sources are not always at a temperature of 80 ° C., and they become even more difficult to use at 50 ° C. and 40 ° C., and cannot be obtained or used in the time zone when using heat. The amount of heat that covers the amount of heat on the side cannot be obtained. Therefore, these heat sources are used as heat sources for heat pump devices driven by commercial power, and when necessary, these heat pumps are driven by midnight power supplied at a low price to operate the atmosphere as a heat source. The present invention relates to a technical field that seeks to realize a heat pump device as a low-temperature energy utilization device that can safely and stably supply an optimum amount of heat and temperature when necessary by a combination of operations. This heat pump device was named a hybrid energy utilization heat pump device.

The heat that is output from this heat pump device is used for household, commercial, industrial, and industrial purposes such as hot water supply, air conditioning (heating and humidification), heating, temperature adjustment, etc. If necessary, it also supplies cooling heat used for cooling, cooling, and freezing.
The heat source has a wide range of heat as described above. For example, a so-called solar power cogeneration device that uses sunlight to generate power in a power generation cell and cools it while taking out heat is a very important target heat source device. . This heat source can be obtained not only in the daytime when sunlight shines, but also in rainy weather, and in cloudy weather, the heat is reduced to, for example, about 35 ° C, and the amount of heat obtained is reduced. Is easy to understand.

Many factories also have heat sources obtained by cooling industrial process equipment, but the output heat is often more difficult to use as a heat source than the case of sunlight. When the heat is 80 ° C. or more and a sufficient amount of heat, it is used as a heat source for heating or a hot water supply device, and is often exhausted when it becomes 50 ° C. or less, for example. Cogeneration systems driven by oil-powered engines are also active during the daytime when commercial grid power is expensive and the exhaust heat is often used as heat. Often not. The same applies to fuel cells, which are the star of the future of cogeneration systems, and the temperature of the exhaust heat quantity is often as low as about 60 ° C.

The cogeneration apparatus to be used as a heat source in the present invention is as follows. One is to use the combustion of fuel such as petroleum, liquefied natural gas or city gas to operate the engine or turbine, thereby driving the generator to output electric power and at the same time exhausting the equipment. It is output as warm heat. The second is a fuel cell that directly generates electricity using hydrogen gas, from which output power and exhaust heat are output. These are expressed here as a cogeneration device using fuel or hydrogen gas.
The third is a device that receives sunlight in a sheet-shaped power generation cell to generate and generate heat and output electric power and heat, and is expressed here as a solar-generated cogeneration device.

The above power generation cell is a film-like cell composed of silicon crystal or amorphous and electrodes, and power generation and heat generation are performed simultaneously on the surface. For this reason, it is comprised from the lead | read | reed which makes electric power output via an electrode, a cell film | membrane, the flat board | substrate made from aluminum etc. which absorbs the heat generated from there and transfers heat. Although this type of solar cogeneration system has not yet been commercialized, prototypes have been prototyped and marketed. In addition, a system of a system in which a photovoltaic power generation device dedicated to power generation and a solar water heater are separately installed next to each other on the same site is commercially available. This combination system is also regarded as a solar cogeneration system.

Cogeneration devices are still very low in penetration rate, and the issues that must be solved in order to expand in the future will be described in detail later. The following items can be summarized as the functional problems. is there.
1. The ratio of the power generation amount and output heat of the cogeneration device often does not match the energy demand of the site where it is installed, and the amount of heat is usually excessive.
2. The operation time of the cogeneration apparatus and the time required on the demand side of the output, particularly the thermal output, often do not match. Especially in solar cogeneration, the daylight exposure time in the daytime does not match the peak time of the demand concentrated in the evening, such as at home or in stores, and the power output of fuel or hydrogen gas cogeneration equipment is the power of commercial grid power. Since it is required from the social energy environment to drive in the short daytime, the thermal output generated there often does not match the time zone required by consumers.

3. The absolute amount of the output heat of the cogeneration system often does not match the total heat consumption including the air conditioning on the demand side. In the case of rain or rain, the thermal output is almost zero. It is necessary to install an auxiliary heat source device as a backup at that time. For this reason, the use of the output temperature is usually limited to hot water supply. This means that a more stable heat supply source is required for use in air conditioning and industrial process temperature control.

There are several measures as means for solving the above problems. In the present invention, power is supplied in a time zone in which power is supplied at a preferential price, that is, by using a power supply called a so-called late-night power. We are studying how to solve these problems by a method that is easy to convert.
Late-night power is power that is supplied at a very low price for consumers, and is an excellent power for suppliers, that is, electric power companies, in terms of time leveling of power supply day and night, while from the viewpoint of the global environment. Electricity that is superior to the global environment, with a small proportion of thermal power generation. This is because the combination of this midnight power and the thermal output of cogeneration is considered to be an effective solution to the global environment-friendly and energy depletion problem.

The inventor is considering the use of a heat pump system as a means for utilizing the late-night power and the thermal output of cogeneration for a hybrid. This is because the above-described problems can be solved if the midnight power and the thermal output of the cogeneration system can be successfully used in the hybrid by making good use of the heat pump system. Therefore, the concept of the heat pump apparatus and its system system suitable for solving the above-mentioned various problems by utilizing this are the technical fields that the present invention intends to clarify.

Non-preferential daytime hours for heat pumps that are driven by commercial power with a time zone during which power is supplied at a preferential price, such as midnight power, and a time zone during which power is supplied at a non-preferential price. Using both low temperature heat of 80 ° C or less obtained from cogeneration equipment, etc., and using the air heat outside in the preferentially priced hours of the night with the same heat pump device, both of these can be used in a hybrid manner. The system that supplies the required amount of heat during the required time zone during the day and throughout the year is extremely practical, and it can handle two heat sources with only one heat pump device. It is a high system. However, such a system has not yet been put into practical use. The following are seen as conventional techniques in this related field.

Patent Document 1 discloses a system that drives a heat pump device that uses heat generated from the atmosphere that heats hot water with electric power output from a cogeneration device that uses fuel, and further heats the heated heat using the heat output from the cogeneration device. Indicated. Patent Document 2 discloses a backup system in which hot water is produced by a heat pump device driven by cheap midnight power, and when hot water supply by a solar-powered cogeneration device is insufficient, heating or hot water supply is performed using this hot water. Patent Document 3 discloses a system in which hot water is supplied and heated with the heat output from the solar cogeneration device, and cooling is performed with a cooling effect using the evaporation latent heat of water, and a heat pump device is used as a backup for heating and cooling. Shown in

A solar heat collector is used to place a heat pump evaporator, and solar heat collection is performed by the same evaporator to collect heat from the atmospheric heat source that is blown around the evaporator. A technique for opening the refrigerant throttle mechanism of the heat pump during operation is proposed in Patent Document 4. Patent Document 5 discloses a technique for controlling the operation of the heat pump operation so as to adjust the thermoelectric ratio, which is the output of the system, in a system in which the heat pump is driven by the output power of the engine-driven cogeneration device and the heat is stored by both the thermal outputs. In addition, the solar power generation panel is cooled by a brine circuit, and the heat is output from the heat pump device using the heat as a heat source to store hot water. By cooling the solar cogeneration, the power generation efficiency of the power generation panel is improved. A technique for enhancing is shown in Patent Document 6.

The above is related technology by patent literature. Furthermore, when literatures and other materials related to cogeneration are investigated, the actual state of the background art related to the present invention is recognized as follows. That is, a system that pumps heat from both a low-temperature heat source and an atmospheric heat source of 80 ° C. or less using the same heat pump device, and drives the heat pump using an expensive daytime electric power for the thermal heat source and an inexpensive daytime electric power for the atmospheric heat source. As a whole, it is a device that outputs stable heat that is stable and easy to use at a constant temperature.It is extremely energy efficient, has a low energy usage cost, and is effective in avoiding peak power loads in daytime commercial power supplies. Moreover, it is the goal of the system addressed by the present invention that it can contribute to the global environmental problem of suppressing carbon dioxide generation, but there is hardly any background technology related to this. In addition, there is no background technology about a highly practical system that achieves this with a simple system using a single heat pump device.

In order to realize such a system, it is necessary to construct the entire system and solve each technical problem. To that end, heat source equipment, cogeneration technology, heat pump refrigeration cycle technology, energy processing and utilization A wide range of technologies such as technology and system control technology are required. In the future, such a wide range of system technologies will be put into practical use, and it is hoped that a system that satisfies the above-mentioned social needs will be realized.
JP 2005-257115 A JP 2003-202155 A Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-61961 JP 2001-289506 A JP-A-6-59747 JP 2006-183933 A

The above contents can be summarized as follows. In other words, technical issues for realizing a system that combines a heat pump device with a heat source device such as a device that outputs low temperature heat or a cogeneration device and (1) a wide range of low temperature heat that is abandoned in large quantities Clarification of a specific system concept that uses both atmospheric heat generated in a hybrid and a heat pump utilization method for that purpose (2) In the case of a cogeneration system, the consumption on the consumer side matches the output power and heat In many cases, excessive heat supply or shortage is necessary, and basic countermeasures are required. (3) In the case of a cogeneration system, the operating time and the time zone in which the output heat is used, the output heat temperature (4) A mechanism for treating exhaust heat and atmospheric heat with a heat pump device while solving the above-mentioned problems. Clarification of refrigeration cycle method for exchanging heat with the exhaust heat and atmospheric heat (5) Cooperation with commercial power supply with preferential price period as power for driving the heat pump device, reduction of power cost, earth Implementation of measures to reduce environmental impact.
(6) In the above heat pump, the difference between the temperature of the heat source and the temperature of the hot water to be pumped, that is, the pumping temperature varies greatly. Ideal heat pump that can cope with this change (7) Commercialization technology for finishing the above heat pump system into a compact, energy efficient and cost effective treatment system.

The above is a specific technical problem to be solved by the present invention. Issues and achievement targets as a product system integrating these are summarized in the following contents. In other words, the low temperature and unstable heat of 80 ° C or less (the temperature that can be used after being transferred to the processing medium) is increased to meet the needs of various users. In order to solidify and realize the basic concept for providing devices, systems and systems that are energy efficient, compact, practical and suitable for future global environmental protection for stable supply by converting to heat It is to clarify the related technology. This low temperature heat is waste heat that has been generated and discarded in the past, but it is expected that the amount of heat that should be used will increase further in the future as the regional cogeneration system is extended. In particular, solar cogeneration equipment is expected to spread worldwide in the near future, with the aim of extending and developing system technologies that help popularize next-generation systems that use low-temperature heat sources. .

Eliminating all the seven technical problems described above is the first step in achieving the target problems of the product system described above. Therefore, in this specification, the means for solving the problem will be clarified in order based on these seven items. The most basic system configuration for solving the problems is as follows. That is, a heat pump device is most suitable as a device that receives a heat of 80 ° C. or less as a heat source to be used and converts it into a heat that can be used. A heat pump is a refrigerant circuit mainly composed of four functional parts: a compressor that compresses refrigerant, a condenser, a refrigerant expander, and an evaporator. In this evaporator, the refrigerant receives the above-mentioned low-temperature heat. The gas is evaporated and gasified, and compressed by a compressor so as to reach an optimum temperature. This is dissipated by a condenser and condensed to output warm heat.

  In order to control the output temperature so as to be a desired temperature, two functions as a heat pump are mainly required. One is that the compressor can be operated at an optimum capacity by adjusting the rotational speed of the compressor. This is, of course, not a new technique, but an essential technique for the system of the present invention. The rotation speed of the compressor can be controlled by changing the frequency of the electric power applied to the drive motor. Usually, a frequency range of about 30 to 90 hertz is selected and set to 1600 to 5000 revolutions per minute. Therefore, in this case, the circulation flow rate of the refrigerant can also be changed within a range of three times, and as a result, the output heat amount and the temperature of the output heat can be changed and set to specified values.

In order to perform this control, it is necessary to be able to control not only the rotation speed of the compressor but also the degree of throttling of the refrigerant expander over a wide range. A related technique is shown in claim 9. An expansion valve used in a normal refrigeration cycle can be used for this refrigerant expander.
When the temperature of the target output temperature to be supplied is set to about 55 ° C., when the heat source temperature of 60 ° C. or higher is obtained, the refrigerant evaporation temperature in the heat source heat exchanger is 55 ° C. or higher. In this refrigeration cycle, there is no need to pump up heat and a heat transport device is sufficient, so the compressor does not need to be compressed and only a circulation pump function for circulating the refrigerant is required. Therefore, since the function of the expansion valve is not necessary, a bypass circuit is provided to allow the refrigerant to flow freely. Alternatively, a method using an expansion valve to which this bypass function is added may be used.

One technique for providing a bypass circuit is presented in US Pat. However, as specified in claim 8, when the temperature of the heat source is, for example, 60 ° C. or higher, the above bypass circuit is connected, and when the temperature is lower than that, the circuit is closed and the expansion valve circuit needs to be switched. Thus, by skillfully controlling the compression ratio according to the heat temperature of the heat source, it is possible to always ensure the output temperature (for example, 55 ° C.) in which the temperature of the output heat is set. As described in Patent Document 4, even when the temperature of the heat source is not sufficiently high (for example, 35 ° C.), if the bypass circuit is connected, the output temperature cannot be heated higher than the temperature of the heat source. Such control is effective only in the case of a hot water supply apparatus or the like in which the temperature of the output heat is not important and only a heating function is required. It cannot be used for heating that requires comfort, heat for food processing that requires high-temperature heat, and is inconvenient when the output heat is stored at a constant latent heat.

  As described above, the important functions of the compressor and the expansion valve as the main components of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump have been described. However, it can be said that these two items are technologies related to the details of the device as a means. Therefore, returning to the initial viewpoint, I would like to describe the most basic solution to the problem of the present invention. That is, the contents presented in claims 1, 2, and 4. It has already been mentioned that the system configuration requirement is to convert a low-temperature heat source to an output temperature that can be used by a heat pump device. On the other hand, waste heat, equipment cooling heat, engine cogeneration equipment thermal output, fuel cell cogeneration equipment thermal output, solar-powered cogeneration equipment The present invention is advanced for a thermal output and the like. The problems as a heat source of those heats and the countermeasures are as follows. Since the temperature is not always stable and optimal as the temperature of the heat source, a heat pump is used, and the capacity and compression ratio are appropriately controlled to be converted to the desired temperature and output. If the amount of heat from the heat source is insufficient and the expected output temperature cannot be covered, switch the heat source to atmospheric heat and operate the heat pump to compensate for the unexpected amount of heat.

At this time, since the compression ratio increases and the power consumption of the motor that drives the compressor increases, the power is backed up at that time by using the power in the time zone in which the price is preferential, that is, so-called late-night power. In order to use this mechanism by skillfully combining four energy sources of heat source heat, atmospheric heat, commercial grid power, and midnight power, the inventor has named this heat pump system as a hybrid energy heat pump device. Most conventional air conditioners, hot water supply devices, heat supply devices, etc. are based on a combination of a single heat source or electric power, and the system is simple and easy to simplify. There was a grudge that technical measures to meet basic social demands would be limited.

However, these four energy sources are energy that can be easily obtained anywhere in Japan and are expected to become more readily available in the future.
Therefore, it is considered that the completion of this system can provide a system that can be used and deployed in a very wide range. As described in the items (1) and (2), the biggest problem in such a system is the realization of a cost that can provide the system at low cost with high energy efficiency with a simple configuration of the system itself. An important technique for realizing this requirement is presented in claim 1. That is, a heat source heat exchanger for taking heat from the heat source into the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump is provided outside the heat pump unit and in the vicinity of the heat source, so that heat is directly exchanged with the heat generating part of the heat source device, and the heat from the heat source is taken in. An atmospheric heat heat exchanger for taking in heat is installed in the heat pump unit, and the two heat exchangers are switched and operated if necessary.

  This is considered to be an important idea regardless of the type of heat source, as shown in claims 1, 2, and 4. The reason and effect will be described in detail below. In the refrigeration cycle, the amount of heat is conveyed by a refrigerant that is a heat medium, and at the same time, the refrigerant is compressed to change its temperature to be heated or cooled. The difference from a sensible heat medium such as water is that the energy required for transporting the medium using the refrigerant is very small, and the compressor itself has a function of a transport pump for the refrigerant. Therefore, when the waste heat is received from a device that generates waste heat, an engine cogeneration device or a solar cogeneration device, it is transferred to water or other medium, and the water or other medium is pumped to the heat pump unit. To transfer heat to the refrigeration cycle with a heat exchanger, that is, not to use a secondary medium method, but to extend the refrigerant piping to the place where the exhaust heat is generated, that is, the vicinity of the heat source device and receive the exhaust heat there A so-called remote evaporator system in which a heat source heat exchanger is provided and heat is transferred to the refrigeration cycle is excellent.

  It does not require a pump that is necessary for transporting other media, and no power loss occurs. This is because there is a fundamental advantage that a double temperature drop caused by transferring heat to another medium and then transferring the heat back to the refrigeration cycle can be halved and only one heat exchanger is required. However, problems such as the work of connecting extension pipes from the refrigeration cycle and the risk of refrigerant leakage occur, which can be largely eliminated by various improvement measures on the side of supplying and installing the system. However, this is because it is difficult to eliminate the deterioration of energy characteristics caused by the above-described secondary medium method and the increase in cost due to the provision of a medium transport pump.

Furthermore, as an important criterion, even if the temperature of the heat source to be used is low, the heat source is about 20 to 50 ° C higher than the atmospheric temperature, and the inside of the connection pipe by the remote heat exchanger system If a pipe is selected such that the temperature drop due to the flow pressure loss of the refrigerant is about 2 to 6 ° C., no large loss occurs. This is because the temperature potential of the heat source is lost by this temperature difference, but it is judged that the loss is small, and there is no need for countermeasures against freezing unlike an atmospheric heat exchanger.

On the other hand, in Claims 1, 2, and 4, the installation of the atmospheric heat exchanger presents an arrangement structure installed inside the heat pump unit as a requirement. In the case of an atmospheric heat exchanger that shares the functions of a hot heat source heat exchanger and an evaporator, the following items are different from the hot heat source heat exchanger. In other words, the atmospheric temperature may be close to zero or lower during the winter season. In addition, the outer surface of the heat exchanger may be frozen thereby requiring a defrosting operation, and it is necessary to provide a temperature sensor for that purpose. The atmosphere is a heat source that can be used anywhere, regardless of where the heat pump unit is installed. Furthermore, in order to exchange heat with the atmosphere, it is necessary to provide a blower, and to provide a motor for rotating it and its power source. All these features suggest that it is more advantageous to install the atmospheric heat exchanger in the heat pump unit in the vicinity of the compressor.

That is, in order to efficiently receive heat from a low-temperature atmospheric heat source, it is indispensable to install near the compressor to minimize the flow pressure loss of the refrigerant, and when the outer surface of the heat exchanger freezes, The cycle can be reversed to allow high temperature refrigerant to flow through the heat exchanger for quick defrosting, and heat exchange to attach a temperature sensor to the heat exchanger to know when it is frozen and when to complete the defrosting operation It is desirable to install the vessel in the heat pump unit. The same applies to the point of power supply of a motor that drives a blower for circulating the air. I hate to find the reason for ignoring these advantages and installing the atmospheric heat exchanger away from the heat pump unit. Patent Document 4 mentions that the performance is improved because it is located in a sunny place as an advantage of placing the atmospheric heat exchanger away from the heat pump unit, but it is not a disadvantage that should be emphasized compared to the above excellent reason, This disadvantage can be solved by paying attention to the installation location of the heat pump unit.

As can be seen from the above consideration, it is known that two evaporators have extremely great advantages by installing one of them in the vicinity of the heat source device and the other in the heat pump unit. The name of the heat pump device indicates the whole including a refrigeration cycle such as a heat pump unit and a heat exchanger installed outside the heat pump unit. With the above, compressor speed specifications, refrigerant expansion mechanism,
The function and arrangement of the two evaporators were described. Then, next, the output destination of the output heat temperature of this heat pump apparatus is demonstrated. The important technique about the thermal storage tank is presented in claim 10. As described above, the heat pump has an excellent function of adjusting the specifications such as the temperature of the output heat. For example, if the setting is that a temperature output of 56 ° C is necessary, even if the supply temperature of the heat source that changes the heat source changes over a wide range, if the amount of heat is still insufficient, atmospheric heat is used as the heat source by nighttime power. In the case of supplementary operation, even when the atmospheric temperature is a low temperature of, for example, zero degrees or less, it is possible to adjust the temperature of the output heat of the heat pump device to a range of 56 ° C. plus or minus 1.0 ° C.

If this accuracy is obtained, it is easy to effectively use a heat storage tank using a latent heat storage material in which the heat storage temperature becomes a constant melting temperature. For example, a paraffin material having 24 carbon chains is used as a heat storage material in order to set the melting temperature to 52 ° C., and a constant temperature of 56 ° C. is used for heat storage therein (here, the refrigerant condensing temperature is 56 ° C.). ) Is output and heat exchange is performed, so that heat can be stored extremely stably and efficiently. On the other hand, when installing a heat storage tank on site, downsizing the installation space is often extremely important in the merchandise of the entire system product. This is because there is not enough room to install the system in homes, apartments, stores, etc. In that sense, it has been found that the volume of a heat storage tank using a latent heat storage material can be almost halved compared to a general hot water storage tank using sensible heat of water.

As a specific example of the structure of the heat storage tank, a large number of blocks packed in paraffin are brought into contact with a heat exchange pipe assembly (functioning as a thermal output heat exchanger) and the entire assembly is stored in a container, It is conceivable to have a structure in which the gap in the container is further filled with antifreeze and the whole is sealed. Condensed refrigerant is passed through one circuit of this heat exchange pipe assembly to melt the paraffin and heat is stored, and the other one circuit is passed through the slurry medium mixed with heat storage particles to receive heat from the paraffin, A method has been devised in which the stored slurry medium is supplied to an air conditioner or a manufacturing process device. Thus, it is of course possible to directly supply and use the output heat from the heat pump device directly to a device that consumes heat for heating, hot water supply or process steps, instead of storing heat in the heat storage tank.

However, the temperature and heat quantity of the low-temperature heat source targeted by the present invention is not only unstable, but the generation time is unstable, or the time does not coincide with the side that consumes the heat. Many. For example, in the case of a solar-powered cogeneration device, the heat source is supplied only when sunlight is radiated in the daytime, and all cogeneration devices can be operated during the daytime hours when commercial power is insufficient. In many cases, the operating time does not coincide with a time zone in which much thermal energy is consumed. When exhaust heat from other general equipment is used as a heat source, there are many restrictions on the time zone in which the heat source is generated. Therefore, in order to eliminate the time difference between the heat source supply side and the heat consumption side. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate a heat storage tank with high volumetric efficiency, low energy loss, and ease of use as a system.

  This time difference between the heat source supply side and the heat consumption side is also the reason why the basic concept of the present invention, which uses the late-night power to back up the thermal output that is insufficient at night using the atmosphere as the heat source, is effective. For the same reason as installing a heat source heat exchanger in the device far from the heat pump unit and extending the refrigeration cycle piping of the heat pump to circulate the refrigerant, heat is stored in the latent heat storage tank installed at a distance. An output heat exchanger is provided to extend the refrigeration cycle. The reason for this is to simplify the system configuration, improve the energy efficiency, simplify the heat pump device, and reduce the cost, as in the case of the heat source heat exchanger described above, and is extremely important.

To explain the detailed structure, a thermal output heat exchanger with two or more medium circuits is built in a heat storage tank packed with a block of latent heat storage material such as paraffin using the latent heat of fusion caused by phase change between solid and liquid. . The condensed refrigerant of the heat pump device is conducted to one circuit of the heat output heat exchanger to output the heat, and heat is transmitted from the surface to cause the latent heat storage material to store latent heat. When this heat is output again, the heat stored in the heat storage material is taken out by another medium conducted to the other medium circuit of the heat output heat exchanger, and the medium is output for use of hot water, heating, etc. Let This heat medium heat exchanger is, for example, a flat belt with two or more medium circuits that are long in the longitudinal direction, folded repeatedly in a meandering state, incorporated into a heat storage tank, and paraffin in the space. A bagging block is packed. The combination of the heat pump device and this heat storage tank with excellent volume efficiency not only makes it possible to respond to a wide range of uses such as heating, heating for food processing, manufacturing process, etc. If the number of circuits is increased, there is an advantage that heat can be transmitted to and output from that number of output media.

Next, claim 3 relates to a technique relating to a predictive operation method which is an important control element regarding the relation between the operation using exhaust heat performed in the daytime as a heat source and the operation using the atmospheric heat performed at night as a heat source as a complement thereto, 6 presented. As described above, most cogeneration systems are operated in the daytime. If the operation is insufficient and the output temperature is insufficient, for example, if the amount of heat stored in the heat storage tank that stores the output temperature is insufficient, the heat pump is operated using the power in the preferential price range at night as the heat source. Complementary operation to compensate for the shortage of output heat. Therefore, in order to output the amount of heat necessary to supplement the method of supplementary operation, in particular, to estimate the excess and deficiency of the output heat due to the operation of the cogeneration system the next day, perform the supplementary operation only necessary and sufficient to output it. Predictive control is extremely important in terms of energy saving of the entire system, global environmental conservation, and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.

In particular, in the case of the solar-powered cogeneration apparatus according to the sixth aspect, it is necessary to estimate how much sunlight is irradiated the next day. In any case, no supplementary operation at night is necessary when sufficient output temperature is obtained or estimated to be obtained by daytime cogeneration operation. However, if this prediction is not met and the output heat becomes insufficient in the daytime, air heat must be used and heat pump operation must be performed using high-cost commercial power in the daytime. In order to prevent this, a system that satisfies the following items is required to succeed in supplementary driving for the next day at night.

1. The forecast data for the next day is available. As the data, the current warm reserve amount, specifically, the accumulated amount of warm heat in the heat storage tank, the underfloor heat storage device, or the like becomes the base data. Furthermore, it is important to predict the heat consumption of the next day, particularly the heat consumption generated before and after the daytime cogeneration operation. Furthermore, in the case of solar cogeneration, it is important to predict the amount of solar radiation for the next day. This data is input based on the weekly weather forecast or the weather forecast for the next day, and information that expresses the amount of sunlight, such as clear sky and rain, in several stages. Seems to be effective.

2. It is ideal that there is sufficient capacity such as a heat storage tank for storing heat or a building heat storage for buildings, and the capacity is 30 to 40% larger than the daily heat consumption. Even if the thermal output by the daytime operation fluctuates if the basic setting is made to store 60 to 80% of the maximum heat storage capacity during daytime operation and 20 to 40% during nighttime operation It is possible to realize optimum driving that compensates for the fluctuations at night driving and always satisfies the consumption, and makes full use of the cogeneration output. In this sense as well, a method capable of storing latent heat in a heat storage material having a high volumetric efficiency of heat storage is desired. The latent heat storage tank and its utilization method presented in claim 10 are more than double the heat storage amount per volume of the heat storage tank for storing, for example, 80 ° C. hot water by storing the output of the heat pump device of the present invention as latent heat. Can be stored, and heat can be stored at a freely set heat storage temperature by selecting a heat storage material.

3. Further, it is desirable that the capacity of the cogeneration apparatus, that is, the maximum value of the thermal output capacity is set to be equal to the average value of the thermal consumption. Large-capacity devices have high initial capital investment costs, and the investment recovery period tends to be 10 to 20 years or more, and there is a possibility that the spread of the devices will not progress.
On the other hand, a small-capacity device increases the consumption of nighttime power and daytime power. Therefore, if the capacity is set as described above, most of the thermal output from the cogeneration system is effectively consumed, and the shortage of 20 to 40% can be covered by supplementary operation at night. In the case of equipment, even if it is rainy or cloudy over the course of the day, supplement as much as possible with supplementary operation at night, but if it is still insufficient (when it is overcast for more than two days in winter, etc.), about 10-40% that is the shortage It can be covered by running air heat using daytime electricity.

The system according to the present invention that satisfies the above three requirements is a system that can guarantee the output of the required amount of heat even in the worst conditions while realizing the optimum operation mode for environment, energy saving, etc. It can be seen that this system can effectively follow large consumption fluctuations. One of the important techniques for realizing this is the predictive driving technique presented in claims 3 and 6. Of the information for predictive operation, it is desirable that the next day's heat consumption schedule is the user's schedule, and the heat source forecast such as the solar irradiation forecast is input from the communication information from the user or the trader, Of course, it is possible to use weekly forecast data or simple information such as annual season information input to the device.

In the case of solar-generated cogeneration, the temperature of the power generation cell changes greatly depending on the amount of sunlight, and the temperature of the heat source heat exchanger changes accordingly. When this temperature falls due to cloudy weather, the electric power consumed to drive the compressor increases when the heat pump pumps up the heat at a constant temperature, for example, 56 ° C., using the electric power of the daytime from this heat source. It may be more than the same power when pumping with the heat pump at night using the atmosphere as a heat source. In particular, summer heat sources with high atmospheric temperatures tend to favor atmospheric heat sources. Therefore, when the amount of sunlight irradiation is small, a method of stopping the daytime operation of the heat pump device and performing more complementary operation at night is effective, and this technique is presented in claim 5.

It is one of the important know-how of the system of the present invention whether to perform daytime heat source utilization operation or stop and give priority to nighttime complementary operation. Assuming that the supply power price of midnight power is preferentially 35% of the supply power price in the daytime, the difference between the atmospheric temperature and the heat storage temperature, that is, the atmospheric temperature reference pumping temperature difference value is the solar cogeneration. One guideline is that the difference between the temperature of the heat output from the device and the heat storage temperature, that is, the value of the temperature difference required for pumping the cogeneration output temperature reference is within 30%. For example, if the heat storage temperature is 56 ° C, the atmospheric temperature is 10 ° C, and the difference is 46 ° C under the conditions of midnight power of 7 yen / KW and daytime power of 26 yen / KW, the heat output from the solar cogeneration system is If the temperature can be operated at an atmospheric temperature plus 32.2 ° C., that is, 42.2 ° C. or higher, the operation is continued. In this case, it is calculated that the power cost required for operation is less than the case of operation with midnight power at a preferential price using the night air as a heat source. The criterion for this determination may be determined by setting the power generation amount of the solar cogeneration system as a criterion, and this method is more practical.

However, this 30% setting varies depending on conditions and ideas. For example, whether it is a standard for electric power charges or a carbon dioxide emission standard for electric power in consideration of global warming, whether or not the heat storage capacity of the heat storage tank is sufficient, whether the capacity of the heat pump device is sufficiently large, the power consumption of the heat pump device And the relationship between the compression ratio and the atmospheric temperature difference between day and night. In consideration of these, it is necessary to provide an optimum criterion for whether or not to continue operation. By setting certain conditions as described above and using the output heat of solar cogeneration as a condition for determining whether or not to continue operation of the heat pump device, the use of heat from solar cogeneration is automatically used on cloudy days Will be stopped and will continue to operate when the sunshine is sufficient. Even when the use is stopped, the operation of the solar cogeneration apparatus is continued, and the output power is of course reversely flowed to the commercial power line and sold.

A technique similar to this control is presented in Patent Document 4. A method of using the detection temperature of the heat collection temperature detection means of the solar heat collector for switching between the heat collection operation using sunlight and another operation has been proposed. However, this control is characterized in that the operation content of the heat pump device is changed while the solar heat collector continues to serve as the heat exchanger of the heat source both before and after switching. It is a judgment to stop. Further, according to claim 5 of the present invention, it is based on the temperature of the output heat of the solar cogeneration apparatus in a state where the heat pump apparatus is operated, and is significantly different from Patent Document 4 in accuracy.

The invention relating to reverse power flow is presented in claim 7. The idea of using the output power of photovoltaic power generation as the power for driving the heat pump device has been widely issued as seen in Patent Document 1 and the like. In the system of the present invention, the operation using the output of the cogeneration device and the operation using the midnight power are combined in a hybrid, and even if the operation of the cogeneration device is unstable and its output fluctuates, the thermal output is changed. The main purpose is to use it as a stake. Therefore, the time and capacity conditions in which the output power of the cogeneration device can be directly used as the power for operation of the heat pump device are rarely satisfied. In such a state, it is necessary to have a power supply device that switches and uses both the output power of the cogeneration device and the commercial grid power, which is difficult in terms of technology and cost. Therefore, the entire system can be simplified and the reliability improved by adopting a system in which all the output power of the cogeneration system is supplied to the commercial grid power line for reverse power flow, and the heat pump power is supplied from the commercial grid power line. , Which leads to stable operation.

When using electric power supplied at a preferential price at midnight and operating the heat pump device with the atmosphere as a heat source to output the heat, the cold energy output provided in the cold heat storage tank as an evaporator instead of the atmospheric heat exchanger A technique using both hot and cold output using a heat exchanger is presented in claim 11. In the refrigeration cycle of this heat pump device, three heat exchangers are installed as evaporators. It is a hot heat source heat exchanger, an atmospheric heat exchanger, and a cold output heat exchanger. One of these is selected and operated, and it is switched to operate in various modes. The detailed configuration of the refrigeration cycle will be described with reference to examples.

In the operation that outputs the heat and cold heat simultaneously through the cold heat output heat exchanger and the heat output heat exchanger in the heat storage tank, when the heat heat storage tank has sufficiently stored heat, the heat output is cooled while the waste heat is exhausted by the atmospheric heat exchanger. Is output. Even if the thermal output is no longer necessary, cold heat is required, and the refrigeration cycle is switched so that this atmospheric heat exchanger operates as a condenser while the cold output is output by the cold output heat exchanger, and waste heat is generated there.

Since the latent heat storage material is incorporated in the heat storage tank, the heat storage temperature is determined by its melting temperature. On the other hand, even if there is a change in the heat source to be used or the amount of solar radiation, the heat pump device outputs the heat by setting the temperature of the output heat to a set temperature and stores the heat. However, when the temperature of the heat source becomes low, the operation of the heat pump device is stopped as shown in claim 5 and the amount is supplemented by the operation using the atmospheric heat at night as the heat source. However, as presented in claim 13, the heat of the low-temperature heat source obtained during the daytime is once stored in the heat pump device by raising the temperature to the intermediate temperature, and the final target temperature is obtained using the same heat pump device at night. It is a technology that raises the temperature up to. In particular, the effect is easy to understand when using a heat source from solar cogeneration. Considering the case described above, for example, when the atmospheric temperature is 0 ° C. and the heat source temperature is 20 ° C. or higher and 42.2 ° C. or lower, an intermediate medium incorporating a latent heat storage material having a melting temperature of 15 ° C. is used. Heat is stored in a temperature storage tank. Using that heat, the heat pump pumps up to 56 ° C at night and stores it.

In this way, if a method of pumping the temperature in two stages using a heat source at an intermediate temperature is used, the power consumption per unit amount of heat is greatly reduced. In addition, a heat source having a low temperature of about 20 to 40 ° C. can be effectively used, and a sufficient amount of final heat can be secured. In the case of a cogeneration system using sunlight, the sunlight can be used even when the sun shines. To realize this method, for example, two heat storage tanks of 15 ° C. and 56 ° C. are required. If the latent heat system is adopted, the heat storage temperature can be set with high accuracy. The cold heat storage tank described in claim 12 can be used as a cold heat storage tank in summer, and can be used as a warm heat storage tank at an intermediate temperature in winter. This method and the refrigeration cycle will be described in detail in the embodiment. In this case, about 15 ° C. is selected as the melting temperature of the heat storage material in the cold heat storage tank, and both the cold heat storage and the low temperature heat storage are stored as latent heat. Latent heat storage at low temperatures is effective as a heat source with a high temperature level because the ambient temperature drops to around 0 ° C in winter, but it is better to use the atmosphere as a heat source in summer when the ambient temperature reaches 25 ° C. Are better.

In the system of the present invention, a heat source device such as a cogeneration device is cooled by a heat pump. In this case, when the output temperature of the heat pump device is no longer needed, the heat pump device is stopped, so the temperature of the heat source generation part of the cogeneration device rises and exceeds the temperature limit range depending on conditions, or the power generation efficiency of the cell Problems such as lowering occur. Therefore, the technology according to claim 14 is used for cooling to prevent the occurrence of problems due to temperature rise. In this case, the refrigeration cycle is switched to configure a circuit in which the hot heat source heat exchanger is an evaporator and the atmospheric heat exchanger is a condenser. In addition, the output of the motor power supply of the compressor is lowered, and the refrigerant expander is bypassed to minimize the compression ratio, thereby greatly reducing the power consumption of the heat pump device. In the case of solar cogeneration, this control can be used even when the use of heat is not required because the power generation efficiency is significantly improved by lowering the temperature of the power generation cell. This has a great positive effect on the power generation side.

As described above, the compressor and the atmospheric heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle are provided in the heat pump unit. On the other hand, the thermal heat source heat exchanger and the thermal output heat exchanger are provided outside the heat pump unit and communicated with each other through a pipe to constitute a refrigeration cycle. This system does not require the circulation of a heat medium other than the refrigeration cycle, it carries the heat directly from the heat source part to the heat output part, and in the meantime it is a system with an extremely efficient and simple structure that does not transfer heat to other refrigerants. Can be configured in one refrigeration cycle. In this case, the temperature of the portion of the heat source heat exchanger where the heat pump refrigerant is conducted needs to be 120 ° C. or less. This is because the heat resistance temperature of the normal working refrigerant and the lubricating oil contained therein is about 130 ° C. During normal operation, the temperature of this portion is set to be 60 ° C. or lower. However, whenever the heat pump device is stopped, the temperature rise in that portion is checked and controlled as shown in claim 14. There is a need.

In order to store the output heat from the heat pump device as latent heat, it is necessary to use a refrigerant that condenses and dissipates heat under a certain temperature condition. The carbon dioxide refrigerant is a refrigerant having an excellent efficiency. However, in the range of the use temperature of the present invention, the operation is performed in a region exceeding the critical point and the condensation at a constant temperature is not performed. Therefore, there are propane gas, butane gas, chlorofluorocarbon gas, ammonia gas, and the like as the refrigerant medium usable here. Freon gas has a high global warming potential and is not used. Ammonia gas cannot be used due to safety and equipment price handy. Therefore, propane, which is an HC refrigerant, is recommended as a refrigerant that can be used. It can be said that it is the most easy-to-handle gas body if the condensing region is clear as a refrigerant, the gas price is stable and cheap, and the combustibility is taken care of.

Necessary to operate in two modes, using the low heat temperature below 80 ° C obtained from cogeneration equipment, etc., and using the outdoor air heat in the preferential price zone at midnight with the same heat pump device The required amount of heat is supplied at the required time zone. There are many technical problems to specifically realize a system using a heat pump device for this purpose, and seven problems have already been presented and measures to be improved have been described.

First, the heat pump device, its refrigeration cycle, and control details were clarified as a concrete system concept that uses both low-temperature heat that has been abandoned in large quantities and atmospheric heat that exists widely. Furthermore, in the case of a cogeneration device, the operation using the heat source and the operation using the atmospheric heat are performed in response to the case where the consumption on the consumption side does not match the output power and the heat source, and the heat supply is excessive or insufficient Clarified how to use commercial power. In addition, the technology has been described that eliminates the difference between the operation time of the heat source device and the time zone in which the temperature output from the heat pump device is used, and the required temperature temperature on the user side. Specifically, a mechanism for processing exhaust heat and atmospheric heat with a heat pump device. Clarification of the refrigeration cycle system for exchanging heat with the exhaust heat and atmospheric heat.

In addition, specific measures for cooperation with the power system with a preferential price period as driving power for the heat pump device, power cost reduction, and global environmental load reduction measures were clarified. In the above heat pump, the difference between the temperature of the heat source and the temperature of the hot water to be pumped, that is, the pumping temperature varies greatly. The heat pump that can cope with this change was also materialized. In addition, specific methods such as piping as a commercialization technology were clarified to finish the heat pump system into a compact, energy-efficient and cost-effective system.

  With these technologies presented, a system centered on a heat pump device that uses exhaust heat from the heat source, atmospheric heat, price-preferred power (such as nighttime power), and power that is not price-priced for hybrid use. By constructing the system, it was possible to effectively use the heat that was previously discarded at 80 ° C. or lower. At the same time, in the case of a solar-powered cogeneration device, a cooling method that contributes to an improvement in power generation efficiency is realized.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIGS. 1 to 5 with respect to a system and a system that utilize thermal energy supplied from a solar-powered cogeneration apparatus as a representative example.

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the structure of a heat pump unit 1 which is the basis of the heat pump apparatus of the present invention. The unit 1 is equipped with a compressor 2, an atmospheric heat exchanger 3, a blower 4, a blower motor 5, an inverter and a control device 10. Furthermore, pipes 6, 7, 8, and 9 for communicating the unit and two external heat exchangers are from the refrigeration cycle in the unit (pipes other than the compressor and the atmospheric heat exchanger are not shown). The main power supply line 11 is introduced from the commercial power line 107.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a case where the heat pump device connected to the domestic solar power cogeneration device 17 of the present invention is installed on the roof 32 of the home. Pipes 6 and 7 that circulate through the heat source heat exchanger 16 that exchanges heat with the solar heat receiving substrates 19 of the six solar modules 18 from the heat pump unit 1 to the outside are disposed. Similarly, pipes 8 and 9 are arranged from the heat pump unit 1 to the outside toward the heat storage tank. A circuit diagram showing the entire refrigeration cycle of the heat pump apparatus is shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 shows a domestic solar water supply and air conditioning system as a system that summarizes the entire content of the above description. This includes a heat pump unit 1, a solar power generation cogeneration system module 18, a heat storage tank 20, a cold storage tank 29, a hot water supply pipe 110 provided in the home, a wall surface air conditioning panel 113, a floor heating panel 114, and a commercial power line 107. And a power controller 105, medium piping, power lines, and the like.

The operation contents of the system described above will be described. During the daytime when sunlight is irradiated, the solar module 18 receives the sunlight 102 on the surface of the power generation cell 103 to generate power, and reverse power flows to the commercial power line 107 through the solar power output line 104 and the power controller 105. To do. At the same time, the heat generated on the surface of the power generation cell 103 is transferred to the refrigeration cycle 31 of the heat pump device via the heat receiving substrate 19 and the heat source heat exchanger 16 to evaporate propane as a refrigerant. At this time, when the evaporation temperature is 40 ° C. or lower, the operation of the heat pump device is stopped. (In a system with an intermediate temperature heat storage tank, it is operated up to 20 ° C.) At 40 ° C. or higher, the operation is normally continued after calculating the output thermal demand on the output side. The evaporated propane gas returns to the heat pump unit 1 via the pipe 6 and is compressed and discharged by the compressor 2. Alternatively, if the evaporation temperature is 58 ° C. or higher, it is pumped by a compressor and discharged without being compressed.

The discharged propane gas having a saturation temperature of 58 ° C. passes through the pipe 9 and reaches the heat output heat exchanger of the heat storage tank 20, where it condenses and dissipates heat, and the latent heat of the melting temperature of 56 ° C. disposed around it. The heat storage material (paraffin) is melted to store heat, and the propane gas becomes liquid and returns to the heat pump unit via the pipe 8, and expands or passes through the expander 23 or the bypass circuit 24, and then passes from the heat pump unit 1 to the pipe 7. It goes to the solar-powered cogeneration device 17 through, returns to the hot heat source heat exchanger 16 and evaporates there again, and the above is repeated. When the irradiation amount of sunlight is sufficient, the expansion valve bypass two-way valve 24 is opened, and the refrigerant circulates freely by the pumping operation of the compressor 2. When the irradiation amount decreases, the two-way valve 4 is closed and the expansion valve 23 is operated, and the compressor compresses the propane gas so that its condensation temperature is 58 ° C.

When the irradiation amount is further reduced and the evaporation temperature of propane in the hot heat source heat exchanger is lowered to 40 ° C. or lower, the heat pump device stops its operation. In order to store the thermal energy using sunlight in the daytime, the power consumption of the heat pump unit 1 increases, and it is determined that it is more efficient to leave it to night driving. When the night commercial system power comes to a time zone set at a low price, the heat pump unit 1 starts operation except when the thermal heat storage tank 21 is sufficiently stored. At that time, an atmospheric heat exchanger installed in the heat pump unit as an evaporator is selected by controlling the evaporator switching two-way valve. The compressor is fully compressed by midnight power supplied at a low price, and the expander 23 controls the refrigerant flow rate. In this operation, the paraffin in the heat storage tank 20 is fully melted to store heat as latent heat.

In the operation of the above refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant piping is extended to the solar heat receiving substrate 19 without using a medium such as water during the daytime, and the heat from the heat source is efficiently received directly and by the evaporation of the refrigerant. Heat can be efficiently absorbed from the cooled atmosphere through the atmospheric heat exchanger 3 installed in the vicinity of the heat pump unit 1 where the flow pressure loss of the refrigerant does not occur. Also, the heat output can be directly output through the heat output heat exchanger 21 extending from the refrigerant pipe to the heat storage tank 20 and installed there. The structure of such a refrigeration cycle covers the heat absorption directly from the heat source by the heat pump device and the heat output to the heat storage tank, compared to the heat medium circuit structure through the secondary medium such as water which has been often seen in the past. It simplifies the overall configuration, makes it compact, and helps increase the efficiency of heat transfer and ultimately reduce the cost of the system. The techniques of claims 1, 2, and 4 are applied as described above.

Prediction 3, 6
Since operation using electricity at night is complementary to operation using sunlight in the daytime, in the system introduced here, the scheduled amount of heat use the next day is maximum, usually, minimum, not used by the user on the control panel , And one of the four levels, large, medium, small, and none, is selected and input in the morning of the next day (before sunshine hours). Similarly, the weather forecast for the next day is also input in three stages, and it is determined whether to continue or stop the operation of the heat pump device at night, including the amount of heat stored in the current heat storage tank. If there is no or little heat consumption in the morning of the next day after full heat storage at night, the heat storage tank will be already filled with heat at the time of operation using sunlight on the next day. This is because a phenomenon occurs in which driving is not performed. The techniques of claims 3 and 6 are applied as described above.

  In daytime operation, there is a method of recognizing the amount of photovoltaic power generation by the power controller 105, determining the amount of sunlight irradiation based on the amount, and issuing a start and stop signal to the heat pump device. When it is judged that the power generation efficiency can be improved by cooling the power generation cell when the photovoltaic power generation amount is a certain value or more, the heat is not exhausted to the atmospheric heat exchanger 3 instead of the heat supply operation inherent to the heat pump device. Then, an operation for controlling the refrigeration cycle to cool the solar module 18 is selected (claim 14). In this case, the method of generating the power consumption of the medium transport pump by the binary medium method often destroys the effect of improving the power generation efficiency of the solar cogeneration device. There is little such negative impact to cool.

Control of the entire system including the predictive control as described above is performed by the inverter & controller 10 and an indoor control panel (not shown). The inverter & controller 10 incorporates power and a control circuit for controlling the entire system, outputting a driving power source such as the compressor 2 and the blower motor 5, and signals for display devices. The output of the inverter outputs a power source for driving the compressor 2. The power supply frequency and voltage are adjusted and output to control the rotational speed and power of the compressor 2. The number of revolutions controls the amount of refrigerant circulation and the amount of heat. The voltage controls the power of the compressor.
Even if the rotational speed is high, when the compression ratio is small, the voltage is lowered, and the power consumption is narrowed down to a small level in balance with the reduction of the work of the compressor.

The power controller 105 supplies the power from the commercial power line 107 to the heat pump unit as it is, and incorporates functions for adjusting the voltage and returning to the alternating current in order to reversely flow the photovoltaic power to the commercial power line. Yes. In this case, the heat pump unit 1 is not operated by directly using the photovoltaic power. This is because it is difficult to operate stably in accordance with the needs of the heat pump unit with unstable photovoltaic power generation, and switching is necessary to operate the heat pump unit at night power.

  FIG. 4 includes the cold heat storage tank 29 shown in FIG. 5 and the cold heat output heat exchanger 30 therein to realize functions not included in FIGS. 1 and 3, thereby achieving an improvement in the function of the refrigeration cycle. Therefore, the refrigeration cycle is shown with enhanced functionality by adding several valves. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, an operation in which both the cold and warm temperatures shown in claim 11 are output becomes possible. That is, as can be seen from the figure, the various valves are controlled so that the refrigerant circuit becomes a circuit that realizes it, and the discharge gas of the compressor is sent to the thermal output heat exchanger for thermal output, and then the low pressure is passed through the expander. The resulting refrigerant is circulated to the cold output heat exchanger to output cold heat. Of course, this operation is desirably performed at night by using inexpensive commercial power. At this time, since the cold heat storage tank incorporates paraffin having a melting temperature of 15 ° C., cold heat of 15 ° C. is stored.

  When there is no need to store summer cold energy in the cold energy storage tank 15, low temperature heat is stored. When the temperature of the thermal heat source heat exchanger 16 is 20 ° C. or higher and 40 ° C. or lower by using sunlight, the thermal output of the refrigeration cycle 31 is output not by the thermal output heat exchanger 21 but by the cold output heat exchanger 30 and is stored in the cold storage tank. 15 ° C. is stored. Using this heat, the refrigerant heat flow is set so that the cold heat output heat exchanger becomes an evaporator at night and the heat output heat exchanger becomes a condenser. As heat storage. This type of two-stage heat storage system is used in regions and seasons where the atmospheric temperature is below 0 ° C at night, and the compressor's workload is increased by using a heat source of 15 ° C as a heat source rather than using the air as the heat source. This is because power consumption is reduced. This utilizes the technique of claim 13.

Propane gas is used as the refrigerant for operating the refrigeration cycle 31. Since this gas has a high critical temperature and evaporation and condensation operate under a constant relationship between temperature and pressure in the entire operating range, it has good characteristics in a low temperature operation system that uses a latent heat storage system that operates at a constant temperature. In addition, it has the excellent characteristic that the degree of influence such as global warming is extremely small. The only concern is that it is flammable, but even if it leaks, all the refrigeration cycles are installed outside the building and are scattered outside, so the probability of actual damage is very low and safety is high.

Heat pump unit case structure plan view of the heat pump device of the present invention Example outline diagram of home heat pump device system of the present invention Example configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle used in the heat pump apparatus of FIG. Example configuration diagram when the refrigeration cycle of FIGS. Schematic configuration diagram of a system example for hot water supply and air conditioning using sunlight using the heat pump device of the present invention

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heat pump unit 2 Compressor 3 Atmospheric heat exchanger 4 Blower 5 Blower motor 6 Thermal heat source heat exchanger return piping 7 Thermal heat source heat exchanger outgoing piping 8 Thermal output heat exchanger return piping 9 Thermal output heat exchanger outgoing piping 10 Inverter And controller 11 Main power line 12 Compressor drive power supply 13 Fan casing 14 Suction air 15 Outlet air 16 Thermal heat source heat exchanger 17 Solar-powered cogeneration device 18 Solar module 19 Solar heat receiving substrate 20 Thermal storage tank 21 Thermal output Heat exchanger 22 Four-way switching valve 23 Expansion valve 24 Expansion valve bypass two-way valve 25 Evaporator switching two-way valve 27 Condenser switching two-way valve 28 Heat / cool switching two-way valve 29 Cold heat storage tank 30 Cold output heat Exchanger 31 Refrigeration cycle 32 Roof of house 102 Solar light 103 Power generation cell 104 Solar light Power output line 105 power controller 106 power compatibility line 107 commercial system power line 108 cold output pipe 109 medium for tap water pipe 110 hot water supply pipe 111 the air conditioning pipe 112 wall-mounted air conditioner 113 wall air-conditioning panel 114 Floor heating panel

Claims (16)

  Non-preferential price time in the refrigeration cycle in a heat pump device driven by commercial power with a time zone in which power is supplied at a preferential price and a time zone in which power is supplied at a non-preferential price In the heat source heat exchanger installed outside the heat pump unit in the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant is evaporated using the heat source exhausted from various heat utilization devices, and at the same time, the heat output heat exchange in the refrigeration cycle In the cooler, the refrigerant is condensed to output warm heat, and during the preferential price period, atmospheric heat is used to evaporate the refrigerant in the atmospheric heat exchanger installed in the heat pump unit in the refrigeration cycle. At the same time, the heat output heat exchanger condenses the refrigerant and outputs the heat at an appropriate temperature to output the hybrid energy. Toponpu apparatus.   Non-preferential price time in the refrigeration cycle in a heat pump device driven by commercial power with a time zone in which power is supplied at a preferential price and a time zone in which power is supplied at a non-preferential price The refrigerant is evaporated in the heat source heat exchanger installed outside the heat pump unit in the refrigeration cycle using the heat supplied from the cogeneration device in the belt, and at the same time the refrigerant in the heat output heat exchanger in the refrigeration cycle In the atmospheric heat exchanger installed in the heat pump unit in the refrigeration cycle using the atmospheric heat during the preferentially priced time period to evaporate the refrigerant and simultaneously output the thermal output A hybrid energy utilization system characterized by condensing refrigerant in a heat exchanger and outputting heat at an appropriate temperature. Toponpu apparatus.   Power pumps that are driven by commercial power with a daytime time period during which power is supplied at a preferential price and a daytime time period during which power is supplied at a non-preferential price. The refrigerant is evaporated at the same time as the refrigerant is evaporated in the heat source heat exchanger in the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump device using the heat supplied from the cogeneration device using fuel or hydrogen gas during the time when the fuel is supplied. In the heat output heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant is condensed in the heat output heat exchanger to output the heat, while the air is used in the air heat exchanger in the refrigeration cycle by using the air heat at the time when the preferentially priced electric power is supplied. In the heat pump device that evaporates the refrigerant and condenses the refrigerant in the heat output heat exchanger to output the heat as an appropriate temperature. In the operation using the atmospheric heat during the period, the consumption of the output heat that can be placed in the daytime day of the next day and the planned value of the heat output that is output by the operation of the cogeneration system using the fuel or hydrogen gas are based. A hybrid energy-based heat pump device that controls operation contents such as operation capacity and operation time by estimating the amount of output heat required for night operation.   In the refrigeration cycle in the heat pump device driven by commercial power, which is set for the daytime when power is supplied at a preferential price and the daytime when power is supplied at a non-preferential price, in the daytime The refrigerant is evaporated in the heat source heat exchanger installed outside the heat pump unit in the refrigeration cycle using the heat supplied from the solar cogeneration system during the time period when the unpreferential price of electricity is supplied At the same time, the heat pump unit in the refrigeration cycle uses the atmospheric heat during the time when the preferentially priced power is supplied by condensing the refrigerant in the heat output heat exchanger in the refrigeration cycle to output the heat. At the same time, the refrigerant is evaporated in the atmospheric heat exchanger installed inside, and at the same time, the refrigerant is condensed in the thermal output heat exchanger. It is output as thermal hybrid energy use heat pump system was characterized by.   Power pumps that are driven by commercial power with a daytime time period during which power is supplied at a preferential price and a daytime time period during which power is supplied at a non-preferential price. The refrigerant is evaporated in the heat source heat exchanger in the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump device using the heat supplied from the solar cogeneration system during the time period when the heat is supplied, and at the same time, the heat output heat exchange in the refrigeration cycle In the cooler, the refrigerant is condensed to output the heat, and the heat is evaporated at the same time as the refrigerant is evaporated in the atmospheric heat exchanger in the refrigeration cycle using the atmospheric heat during the time when the preferentially priced power is supplied. In the heat pump device that condenses the refrigerant in the heat exchanger and outputs the heat as an appropriate temperature, the solar cogeneration The temperature of the heat received by the device when the heat pump device is operated during the time period during which the device is operated becomes a temperature higher than a certain temperature by the atmospheric temperature at that time, or the power generation amount of the photovoltaic power generation has a set value. A hybrid energy-use heat pump device characterized in that the heat pump unit is operated only when a set condition is satisfied, such as exceeding, and the operation is stopped when the condition is not satisfied. Power pumps that are driven by commercial power with a daytime time period during which power is supplied at a preferential price and a daytime time period during which power is supplied at a non-preferential price. The refrigerant is evaporated in the heat source heat exchanger in the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump device using the heat supplied from the solar cogeneration system during the time period when the heat is supplied, and at the same time, the heat output heat exchange in the refrigeration cycle In the cooler, the refrigerant is condensed to output warm heat, and the air is evaporated in the atmospheric heat exchanger in the refrigeration cycle using the atmospheric heat during the night time when the preferentially priced power is supplied. In the heat pump device that condenses the refrigerant in the heat output heat exchanger in the refrigeration cycle and supplies the heat as an appropriate temperature, In the operation using atmospheric heat during the next day, forecast data regarding the next day's operation that is input, such as the daytime weather of the next day, the estimated amount of heat consumption, the estimated amount of output heat obtainable by the operation of the solar cogeneration device, etc. A hybrid energy-based heat pump device that controls operation details such as operation capacity and operation time by planning the amount of output heat required for night operation estimated based on the above. The output power of the engine or turbine drive and the solar cogeneration system is reversely flowed to commercial power, while the heat pump device is operated by power supplied from commercial power. The hybrid energy utilization heat pump device according to any one of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Incorporating an inverter that supplies power to drive the compressor into the heat pump device, and changing the frequency of the output power of the inverter to make the rotation speed of the compressor variable, thereby changing the refrigeration cycle capability of the heat pump device The hybrid energy utilization heat pump device according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The refrigeration cycle of the heat pump device uses a refrigerant expansion valve or the like as a refrigerant throttle mechanism that automatically operates in accordance with the rotation speed of the compressor and a change in the refrigerant circulation amount, and the various heat utilization devices, fuel or A circuit without a throttle mechanism that bypasses the refrigerant expansion valve when the temperature of the heat output from the cogeneration system using hydrogen gas or the solar power generation cogeneration system exceeds a predetermined temperature; or By adopting a refrigerant expansion valve having a mechanism capable of obtaining the same effect as the refrigerant expansion valve and operating the refrigerant expansion valve so as not to have a throttling effect, the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit is transferred from the thermal pumping device to the thermal conveying device. The hybrid energy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the hybrid energy is operated by switching to Use heat pump equipment. A thermal output heat exchanger constituting the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit is incorporated in a heat storage tank filled with a latent heat storage material using latent heat of fusion caused by a phase change between a solid and a liquid installed outside the heat pump unit. Heat is output by a heat exchanger to cause the latent heat storage material to store latent heat, and the stored heat is communicated to another circuit in the heat output heat exchanger or another heat exchanger incorporated in the heat storage tank. The hybrid energy utilization heat pump apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the medium is output again for use of hot water such as hot water supply or heating, and the medium is output again.   During the time period when power is supplied at a preferential price, the cooling object is cooled in a cold output heat exchanger such as a building structure or a cold heat storage tank, and the cooling heat is used as a heat source by the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump device. In addition to the thermal heat source heat exchanger and the atmospheric heat exchanger, a cold output heat exchanger is installed in the refrigeration cycle so that it can be pumped up and supplied as an appropriate temperature of heat, and the refrigerant is supplied to the three evaporators. The heat pump device using hybrid energy according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the heat pump device is operated by switching a flow. Using a cold / heat latent heat storage tank in which a cold / heat output heat exchanger is installed as the object to be cooled, and storing the output temperature of the heat pump device in the heat / heat latent heat storage tank through the heat output heat exchanger, The hybrid heat utilization heat pump device according to claim 11, wherein latent heat is stored. A heat pump device that outputs heat to a high-temperature heat storage tank with a high-melting-temperature latent heat storage material and a low-temperature heat-storage tank with a low-melting-temperature latent heat storage material inside. When the output heat of the heat pump device obtained by using the output heat of the cogeneration device as a heat source of the heat pump device is higher than a set temperature, the latent heat storage material having the high melting temperature is incorporated. A low temperature in which the latent heat storage material with the melting temperature of the low temperature is incorporated in the thermal storage tank for high temperature when the temperature is lower than the set temperature and lower than the set temperature lower than the set temperature The heat pump apparatus using hybrid energy according to claim 10 or 12, characterized in that heat is stored in the thermal storage tank. When the thermal output from the heat pump device is not necessary or when the heat pump device is stopped, the cogeneration device using the fuel or hydrogen gas or the solar cogeneration device is being operated, The heat pump device according to claim 9, wherein the temperature of the thermal output portion of each of the various cogeneration devices is high and cooling is necessary, or when it is determined that cooling is effective to increase the power generation efficiency. As described above, a hybrid energy-use heat pump device is characterized in that it is operated in an operating state in which the compression ratio of the refrigeration cycle is minimized and radiates heat in the atmospheric heat exchanger. A part of piping of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump device is extended to the outside of the heat pump unit, and a heat output portion near the power generation cell of the solar cogeneration device or a cogeneration device using the fuel or hydrogen gas is used. By forming a thermal heat source heat exchanger that becomes an evaporator at the output portion of the output heat and circulating and evaporating the refrigerant, the output heat is taken into the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump and at the same time another pipe is extended outside the heat pump unit Then, a heat output heat exchanger serving as a condenser is formed, and the heat is output from the refrigeration cycle by circulating and condensing the refrigerant. The heat pump apparatus using hybrid energy according to any one of By controlling the frequency and power value of the output power of the inverter as a power source for driving the compressor of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump device, and controlling the rotation speed and output of the compressor, such as propane gas By controlling the condensation temperature and the amount of condensation heat of the refrigeration cycle using HC gas as a refrigerant, the amount and temperature of the output heat of the heat pump device are controlled to store heat in a heat storage tank using a latent heat storage material. The hybrid energy utilization heat pump device according to any one of claims 8, 10, 11, 12, and 13.

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