JP2008168425A - Plier for pressing workpiece - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve a plier and its operability, pressing force that is achieved, possibility of usage in a constricted space relationship, a possibility of usage of the plier for pressing a workpiece, for example, one or both of improvements in the maximum diameter to be pressed by the plier and a possibility of materials to be used, or to improve a using method of the plier including one of the above. <P>SOLUTION: This plier (30) is for pressing by manual operation a workpiece such as a press mold, a frame, a pipe, an electric contact, a cable shoe, and a joint. A work process of press jaws (5, 6) is divided into a first process and a second process, and both the processes are performed under kinematics of different pressing forces. Thereby, pressing force achieved by the work processes is enhanced. Preferably, in particular, the plier (30) for a copper joint having a diameter of at least 20 mm is used. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to pliers for squeezing workpieces similar to press dies, frames, tubes, electrical contacts, cable shoes, joints and the use of pliers.

Such pliers can be formed, for example, as pliers or as so-called waved tongues for electrical purposes. Depending on the formation of the workpiece to be squeezed, a significant pressing force must be transmitted in order to cause the desired plastic deformation of the workpiece, and the workpiece is brought between the press mold members or mold halves. It was. In this case, the required strength of the pressing force is: the material of the workpiece or the size or diameter of the workpiece / workpiece when connecting multiple workpieces by pressing. It depends.

  In order to introduce the workpiece between the press dies of the pliers, the pliers cause the mold halves to open, even for workpieces with relatively large dimensions, depending on the circumstances, through the workpiece to be squeezed Thus, depending on the situation, it must have a large opening width. In order to initiate the closing movement of the pliers, the first insignificant force should be transmitted by the pliers user until the mold half comes into contact with the workpiece in the closing direction. The pressing force to be transmitted during the actual pressing process can be obtained with a considerable scale and can be increased by a closing movement in which the pressing force increases.

  The first-mentioned type of pliers is known from DE 197 09 039 A1. The pliers have two hand jaws that can move around a common rotary joint together with two hand levers that can be moved relative to each other by one person operation, of which one press jaw is fixed to one hand lever Since the pivot jaw and the hand lever form a fixed plier member, the other press jaw is pivotally connected to the fixed plier member via a rotary joint. The pliers include a mold half that forms a divided press mold in the press jaw. In the case of pliers, a forced mold is provided to achieve a defined end state of the mold half. A pressure lever is connected between the hand levers via a separate joint so as to be pivotable. The pressure lever forms a bell crank drive unit together with the movable hand lever. Both mold halves are formed of a single member with the respective press jaws and configured as precision cast members.

  From German Patent 19924087, the mold jaws can be used interchangeably in the press jaws, whereby different mold halves can be used by the same pliers for different workpieces. The mold halves can be seated against the press jaws with play, so that an alignment fit is possible in the direction of the section plane of the mold halves.

  In the case of the previously described pliers, it is a disadvantage that a fixed dependence influenced on the one hand by the opening angle of the press jaw and on the other hand by the knee lever drive between the hand levers. This is because the highest release of the press jaw results in the highest release of the hand lever. This is a drawback, for example when the pliers have to be carried through the workpiece together with the mold halves in a confined mounting space, which is impossible in some circumstances with a fully opened hand lever. is there. In addition, because of the wide open hand lever when using the pliers, a limited force can be transmitted by the user, but for a wide closed hand lever this is surrounded by one or both hands. Thus, the increased operating force can be transmitted.

  These disadvantages are that the hand lever connected to the press jaw attached according to DE-A-19963097 (Patent Document 3) has a swivel joint on the side facing the press jaw, and the hand is connected via the joint. The grip side part of the lever is aligned with the pressure lever and another part connected to the press jaw in the first working state, while the grip side part is fixed to the other part in the second working state. By being able to bend in the direction of the lever, it can be reduced or eliminated. In particular, due to the large opening angle of the hand lever and the associated press jaw, in the second working state, the angle and the distance between the hand lever user's one hand or the parts acted on by multiple hands can be reduced as desired. . In this case, the swivel connection is formed via a sliding pin guided in two suitable curved longitudinal grooves.

  This basic idea of the possibility of different changing bends of the hand lever is according to DE 10346241 (patent document 4) of the part facing the press jaw of the hand lever and the grip side part of the moved hand lever. It was enlarged by having a stopper ratchet in between. The part of the hand lever facing the press jaw has a notch contour on the end region facing the other part of the hand lever, which is supported against the grip side part of the hand lever and is spring loaded. The biased notch element can be moved along the modified alignment of the pivot joint and fit into a suitable notch groove. The use of a stopper ratchet allows different bends of the hand lever moved during the movement of the press jaw from the open state to the closed state for different partial strokes, which can be applied to each individual Partial strokes can be carried out in the same distance of the grip of the hand lever during the closing movement and, depending on the circumstances, can also be performed by one person. An articulated connection between the parts of the moved hand lever is made by a joint, which is arranged on the part facing away from the press jaw, in the part facing the press jaw of the hand lever from the pressure lever. A simplified configuration results when this joint is formed with a joint between the commonly moved hand lever and the front portion of the attached press jaw. Furthermore, this printed material has a large opening angle of the press jaw that does not require transmission of the pressing force by the pressure lever between the hand levers being guided from the working state to the elongated hole so as to be movable relative to the fixed hand lever. It is proposed to prepare a partial process for.

  U.S. Pat. No. 4,170,154 (Patent Document 5) discloses a plier having two hand levers that can move relative to each other, and a free end of the hand lever is integrated into a press jaw integrated around a common joint. It is connected. A forced ratchet is realized with the use of a portion selected between the two joints, the forced ratchet having on one hand tooth segments and on the other hand pivotally supported ratchet teeth. A forced ratchet is used to achieve a defined end state during the closing motion of the press jaw. The pliers only constitute a one-stage closure of the press jaws under the close proximity of the hand levers.

  From US Pat. No. 6,116,124 (Patent Document 6), a pliers having a mouth width that can be adjusted variably is known. A kind of forced ratchet is provided between the hand levers, and one support point is supported so as to avoid the spring force. Also in the case of this press jaw, each hand lever is formed as one member with an attached press jaw.

  A pliers in which a press jaw is guided by translational relative movement is known from German Patent Application No. 2902344 (Patent Document 7). For this purpose, a hand lever with a tong head fixedly connected forms a translational guide for the extension of the movable press jaw. The movable hand lever is supported via a joint, which is fixedly arranged on the fixed hand lever. A pressure lever is intermediately connected between the movable extension and the movable hand lever. The pressure lever is supported on the joint bolt of the movable extension in the end region and is fixedly coupled to the pressure lever in the opposite end region. It is supported by the long hole of the movable hand lever on the joint bolt. In this type, a bell crank mechanism is formed by the movable extension, the pressure lever and the movable hand lever. The alignment of the long grooves with the components of the bell crank mechanism gives a considerably large transmission of the bell crank mechanism for opening and closing of the pliers enabling the setting of the press mold, and of course, there is no or very little pressing force. I can't get it. Because of this opening and closing stroke, the joint bolt is abutted against the end region of the long hole, during which the joint bolt is guided more or less quickly in the direction of the other end region of the long hole. Thus, because of the bell crank mechanism formed of the same components, a modified geometric relationship and a modified force transmission occur. The components that make up the bell crank mechanism remain unchanged due to the previously described conversion, which results in limited possibilities, including different transmission configurability. Furthermore, since the associated pressing force can only be generated after the sliding movement of the joint bolt from one end region of the slot to the other end region of the slot, the pressing process of squeezing the joint is the partial process. Only done.

  German Patent No. 19834859 (Patent Document 8) also discloses a unique bell crank mechanism. Here, the pressure lever is split in two to allow an opening and closing stroke in which the forging die cannot be squeezed, and is integrated into the pliers so that the effective length of the pressure lever can be changed during the opening stroke. .

  European Patent No. 1527910 (Patent Document 9) discloses a plier having three hand levers. In this case, the forging die is squeezed in two partial strokes: they appear to each other due to the relative movement of the two jaws. Between the jaws, a forging die is formed in an elliptical shape in the first partial stroke. By the end of the first partial stroke, the relative movement of the second and third hand levers is performed. This relative movement does not change the position of the jaws previously described. Rather, an additional third press element is translated into the forging die in accordance with the movement of the second and third hand levers with respect to the jaws, forming the forging die from an elliptical shape to a round configuration (returning). This makes different press jaws or press elements effective in different partial strokes.

Another prior art of a plier having three hand levers is known from US Pat. No. 2,283,933.
German Patent Application No. 197070939 German Patent No. 19924087 German Patent No. 19963097 German Patent No. 10346241 US Pat. No. 4,170,154 US Pat. No. 6,116,124 German Patent Application No. 2902344 German Patent No. 19834859 European Patent No. 1527910 US Pat. No. 2,283,933

  The subject of the present invention is the pliers of the kind described above and their operability, the pressing force achievable, the usability under a narrowed spatial relationship and the maximum diameter to be squeezed by the workpiece, for example the pliers, and the usable material or its To improve the use of this type of pliers, including the possibility of squeezing either one or the use of either one.

  The object of the invention is solved according to the invention by the characterizing part of independent patent claim 1. Another solution becomes apparent in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 2. Other configurations of these solutions become apparent by the features of the dependent patent claims 3 to 17 and by the use of patent claim 18.

  In the prior art, a bell crank drive unit that is not changed during the operation process from the open state of the press jaw to the closed state is used, and in any case, the bending portion of one hand lever can be changed via the stopper ratchet. Starting from this basic idea, the present invention proposes to divide the working process of the press jaw into a first partial process and a second partial process. According to the invention, the generation of the pressing force in both said partial strokes takes place under the use of different kinematics. Here, the different kinematics used in both partial strokes are, for example, the use of different components in the transmission of force from the hand lever actuated by the user to the press jaw, e.g. changing the length of one lever. It is possible to maintain the kinematic relationships of the components changed by changing the contact points, fixing or releasing the joint degrees of freedom, and / or operating different components. In both kinematics, a bell crank mechanism having different elbow (knee) joints is important, and the bell crank mechanism has components that form different elbow joints and elbow joints.

  The use of a pliers bell crank has proven to be favorable, including the use of levers and joints, the accuracy that can be obtained when squeezing the workpiece, the rigidity in transmitting force and the transmission ratio that can be obtained.

The use of different kinematics is made especially for the following purposes or to achieve the following advantages:
-Due to the first and second partial strokes, a different transmission relationship is achieved between the force transmitted to the hand lever and the force acting on the press jaw. For example, this can be used, in the first partial stroke in the released state, the pressing force required for the press jaws is smaller due to the second partial stroke connecting up to the complete closure of the press jaws, and there is a small transmission ratio. As a result, a slight force with an appropriate operating force is generated on the press jaw, but the pivoting of the hand lever is coupled with a quick and wide partial closure of the press jaw.
-By preparing two partial strokes with different kinematics, special requirements, including free assembly space, can be taken into account when using press jaws.
• A special sensitive application of the pressing force at the press jaws is made for the partial stroke by the choice of kinematics and transmission ratio coupled therewith.
-The division into two partial strokes can pre-set a user defined intermediate stage, for example by means of a fixed transmission from the first partial stroke to the second partial stroke, which can be used for the next partial stroke. It can be concentrated, possibly under a short pause and force concentration and / or by surrounding the hand lever.
-The subcritical and more critical parts of the user's work process can be formed differently by both partial processes.

  In the alternative or cumulative configuration of the invention, the hand levers are pivoted together in different directions due to the different kinematics of both partial strokes, so that the hand levers are pressed against each other in one partial stroke and the other It is swung away from each other in the partial stroke. In this configuration, for example, the maximum release angle of the hand lever or the interval between the hand levers in the released state can be preferentially provided depending on the type of use of the pliers by the user and / or the surrounding relationship when using the pliers. Based on knowledge. In the case of a (normally normal) movement of the hand lever in one direction, in particular from the released state to the closed state by movement of the hand lever with respect to each other, the maximum angle is apparent from the partial angles of both partial strokes. This means that, for the partial stroke, only the maximum angular rate is utilized, which requires an increased transmission ratio due to kinematics and is in conflict with the sensitive operation of the pliers. According to the invention, the maximum angle can be fully utilized for one partial stroke or in particular for both partial strokes by turning the hand lever in different directions depending on the different kinematics used, Can be used for expanding the work process to be acquired by the pliers, sensitive operation of the pliers, a small required transmission ratio and a small required operating force. Furthermore, the user's work process can be clearly separated from each other by different movement directions.

  According to another proposal of the invention, the pliers have a first hand lever, a second hand lever and a third hand lever. For example, one kinematics is used for the first part stroke, and the force is transmitted by the user to the first and second hand levers. The force is transmitted to the press jaw by the first kinematics in the first partial stroke by the first and second hand levers. The end of the first partial stroke is performed by the user or is preferentially terminated, for example, by stopping the kinematic hand lever or the component at the stopper or at the adjacent component. In the second partial stroke, the user transmits force to the first hand lever on the one hand and to the third hand lever on the other hand, and transmits the force to the press jaw via the second kinematics. Furthermore, the generation of the pressing force of the third partial stroke due to the third kinematics can be considered when the user operates the second and third hand levers. The first and second partial strokes are directly adjacent to each other or are partially overlapped.

  Roughly simplified, the concept according to the invention is that the workpiece is squeezed in two partial strokes by two different individually adapted tongs, and according to the invention, both tongs are integrated into one pliers. It is outlined. This reveals a compact tool as a unit. Because of this unit, the individual components are used for multiple functions for the use of both tongs, thereby minimizing material costs and reducing the overall weight. Furthermore, because of the configuration according to the invention, both tongs with the same press jaws are activated, so that the tongs are reopened after one partial stroke and are not relieved for replacement from one tong to the other, Removed from the object, the other tongs are brought to their maximum open state and are in contact with the workpiece in the second part stroke. During the previously described exchange, a change of position between the workpiece and corresponding parts of the press jaws of the first and second tongs has occurred, which is avoided according to the invention. Rather, the press jaws remain in contact with the workpiece, consistent with the arrangement according to the present invention of the first partial stroke to second partial stroke and the first to second tong use.

  In another pliers according to the present invention, a switching device is provided to enable switching from the first kinematics to the second kinematics via the switching device. For example, with this type of switching device, the integration from the two tongs to the pliers according to the invention can also be carried out without the preparation of three hand levers, since this hand lever exerts an operating force by the user in both partial strokes. Because, however, different kinematics act via the switching device. In this case, the switching device can use, for example, fixing or releasing the degree of freedom, changing the lever relation, changing the contact point, and the like.

  According to another proposal of the present invention, a manual operation member is provided, through which the user receives a switch from the first kinematics to the second kinematics and vice versa. Can be. This manual switching is only possible at the end of the first partial stroke by provision of a suitable ratchet mechanism, or is performed according to user instructions during the entire partial stroke.

  Consistent with the selective configuration of the pliers according to the present invention, automatic switching from the first kinematics to the second kinematics (and vice versa). For example, the movement is controlled to reach the end of the first partial stroke. Similarly, switching can be effected with force control when, for example, the threshold of the pressing force is exceeded at the press jaws due to the first partial stroke. An additional manually operated member of a kind of bridge with automatic switching from the first kinematics to the second kinematics is also possible.

  While the pliers normally correct the open state of the press jaws by the maximum release of the hand lever, this invention with another configuration suggests that the press jaws have a (maximum) release state in the closed state of the hand lever. . This is an advantage when the pliers can be moved across the workpiece in a narrowed ambient relationship. Here, the release of the place where the hand lever protrudes is hindered.

  In another configuration of the pliers according to the present invention, in the first partial stroke, the hand lever is pivotally connected to the steady rest in one end region, whereas the other end region of the steady rest is the press jaw. It is connected to. The steady rest and hand lever form a bell crank. In the second partial stroke, one hand lever or the other hand lever is connected to the press jaw so as to be directly rotatable. In this case, the other hand lever and the press jaw form a bell crank.

  Under the steady rest in the meaning of the invention, a rod-shaped or linear force transmission element is understood in the vicinity of the first, and this force transmission element in particular transmits the force from one end region to the opposite end region. The

  In the case of another pliers according to the invention, the switching device is designed such that it determines the degree of freedom of pivoting of the steady rest described previously with respect to the hand lever (in at least one direction of movement). This extends the hand lever to the press jaw.

  In particular, in automatic switching from the first partial stroke to the second partial stroke, at the end of the first partial stroke, the bell crank, the steady strut and / or the joint that couples the bell crank and the steady strut are included in the first partial stroke. Abutted against a stopper in the direction of motion, which stopper can be utilized by adjacent components. As a result, partial strokes are restricted on the one hand and, on the other hand, only one side of the degree of freedom is fixed, or either one is carried out. Similarly, another stopper acts in the region at the end of the first partial stroke or in the transition region to the second partial stroke, and this stopper has a bell crank, a steady strut, a joint for coupling the bell crank and the steady strut, or Any one of them abuts against the direction of movement of the first partial stroke. As a result, the degree of freedom is also limited in the facing direction. The other stopper can be actuated by manual operation of the operating member by the user, for example. Likewise, it is possible for the stopper to act automatically by, for example, a motion-controlled or force-controlled stop element. In particular, when the end of the first partial stroke is reached, the freedom of movement of the operating member is remotely controlled and released, and at the end of the first partial stroke, the operating member is moved by an actuated force accumulator such as a spring, Another stopper works.

  In particular, the stopper reaches from 2 ° to 10 °, in particular from 3 ° to 4 °, before or after the extended position of the bell crank mechanism. As a result, depending on the circumstances, a large working stroke and a large angular area of the bell crank can be used. On the other hand, the full extended end position of the bell crank is avoided, which presents a stop position and has caused an uncontrolled movement state by moving out of the extended state in both directions, and / or It was.

  If the stopper acts after the extended position in the angular range, the press jaws are best closed by reaching the extended position. The press jaw performs a trivial opening movement until it reaches the stopper. Thereby, the exchange from the first partial stroke to the second partial stroke is not performed under the maximum stress of the component involved. On the other hand, this leads to a slight manual force in order to start the second partial stroke, which causes the insignificant opening movement before the original pressing process continues. Is done retrograde.

  Consistent with another inventive solution, the hand lever has a stop ratchet. In this configuration, the configurations and advantages known from the prior art can be integrated into the present invention. Due to the stop ratchet, part of the hand lever can be fixed to each other, in particular two or more angular alignments, with different angular alignments.

  In another inventive solution, the integration of a forced ratchet into the pliers according to the present invention takes place, which is in accordance with the prior art and due to the advantages arising therefrom-during the work process or at least one partial process. It is used to secure only one side of the defined intermediate state of the press jaw.

  The arrangement according to the invention uses pliers with a construction length shorter than 800 mm. The bell crank gear is laid such that a pressing force of 50000 N or more, particularly 60000 N or more is caused by a user's manual force of less than 400 N. With such a small dimension of the pliers, the pressing force can not cause the pliers known from the prior art.

  According to another configuration of the invention, the pliers have a press forging die or a forging die half in the area of the press jaw, the forging die or forging die half being at least 20 mm, in particular at least 25 mm, 28 mm or 32 mm joint. Has a diameter of Large joints of this kind cannot be squeezed by prior art manually operable pliers, but rather have been used in this preferential hydraulic press.

  According to another configuration according to the invention, the manually operated pliers are used for the first time to squeeze a joint made of copper or precious metal and a pressing force is generated, greater than 40000N, in particular greater than 50000N, 55000N or 60000N. . In this case, the pressing force to be transmitted depends on the rigidity of the joint, and the pressing force further depends on the rigidity of the material selected for the joint and the wall thickness of the joint. The present invention extends to the use of pliers that are manually operated in the squeezing of joints for the first time with a large required pressing force, although up to now a slight pressing force has been generated completely by manual pliers. This is the case in some circumstances due to the use of pliers according to the invention with a manual force of less than 400 N and having a total length of less than 800 mm or even less than 700 mm or even less than 600 mm.

Preferred embodiments (reproductions) of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the detailed description and the drawings. The advantages listed in the introductory part of the detailed description of the features and combinations of features are merely exemplary, selectively or cumulatively, without the benefits necessarily being obtained by embodiments according to the present invention. Can act. Another feature should be taken in the drawings, in particular the geometry shown and the associated dimensions of the components, as well as their associated arrangement and working connection. Features of different embodiments of the invention or combinations of features of different claims are possible as well as caused by selected inverse relationships of the claims. This is illustrated in separate drawings or listed in the detailed description. These features can be combined with the features of different claims. Similarly, features defined in the claims of another embodiment of the invention may be omitted.
The invention will now be further described and described on the basis of the preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawings.

  The invention will now be further described and described on the basis of the preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawings.

  The figure shows an exemplary configuration of the pliers 1 according to the invention, which pliers are used to squeeze workpieces similar to press forging dies, frames, tubes, electrical contacts, cable shoes, joints, for example. It is done. In this case, squeezing by manual operation, that is, transmission of force by the user, is performed without requiring electric, pneumatic or hydraulic power transmission. The pliers 1 have a construction length in particular shorter than 800 mm, in particular shorter than 700 or 600 mm. With a user manual force of less than 400N, the pliers 1 can cause a pressing force of 40000N, especially 50000N or 60000N. In the use of the pliers 1 for squeezing the joint, this use is made for joints with a diameter of 20 mm or more, in particular 25 mm or 28 mm or 32 mm or more.

  1 to 5 show a pliers 1 comprising three hand levers 2, 3, 4. The series of FIGS. 1 to 3 show the working process of the pliers from the open state according to FIG. 1 to the central state according to FIG. 2 by the first partial stroke and the second partial stroke from the central state according to FIG. 2 to the closed state according to FIG. .

  The pliers 1 have press jaws 5 and 6 which are connected to each other via a joint 7 so as to be able to swing open and close. Forging die halves 8 and 9 not shown in detail in the figure, in which the pressing force is transmitted to the workpiece and is integrally formed by the press jaws 5 or 6, or exchangeable Can be held by press jaws 5 and 6.

  The hand lever 2 is directly connected to the joint 7. Furthermore, the hand lever 2 supports another joint 10 between the end region actuated by the hand lever user's hand and the joint 7. Between the joints 7, 10, the hand lever 2 has an extension that is oriented away from the connecting line of the joints 7, 10.

  Since the hand lever 3 is formed with a bend 12 in the end region directed to the press jaw 6, it bends about 30 ° -60 ° parallel to the hand lever 2 during alignment. A hand lever 2 is pivotally connected to the press jaw 6 via a joint 11 in this end region. In the region of the bent portion 12, the hand lever 3 is connected to the end region of the pressure lever 14 through the joint 13.

  The hand lever 4 is likewise easily bent outward in the region of the bend 15 in the end region directed towards the press jaws 5, 6, in particular by an angle of approximately 10 ° -25 °. In the region of the bent portion 15, the hand lever 4 is pivotably connected to the end region facing the joint 13 of the pressure lever 14 via the joint 10. The end region of the hand lever 4 facing the end region acted on by the user is connected to the steady strut 17 via the joint 16, and the steady strut 17 further connects the joint 18 in the end region facing the end region. Via the press jaw 5.

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, a pressure lever 14 comprising two supports 19, 20 is formed, which supports are arranged on both sides of the hand levers 3, 4 and each has a joint 10. , 13. The hand lever 3 is accommodated in the fork-shaped accommodating portion of the press jaw 6 in the region of the joint 11. Appropriately applied to the steady rest 17. In the region of the bearing 16, a steady post 17 is formed in a fork shape and surrounds the hand lever 4 on both sides. The pivot axes of the joints 11, 13, 10, 16, 18 and 7 are parallel to each other and are oriented as indicated from the drawing plane according to FIGS.

The pliers 1 have two bell crank mechanisms 21, 22 in the illustrated embodiment;
In the bell crank mechanism 21, the joint 11 forms a bell crank or elbow, on the one hand, a rigid coupling by the press jaw 6 between the coupling 7 and the coupling 11, and on the other hand, a rigid coupling by the hand lever 3 between the couplings 11, 13. Form a bell crank.
In the bell crank mechanism 22, the joint 16 forms a bell crank or an elbow. On the one hand, a rigid connection by the anti-rest column 17 between the joints 16, 18 and on the other hand a rigid connection by the hand lever 4 between the joints 10, 16 form a bell crank.

  In the operation of the pliers, an external force is applied to the bell crank via the hand levers 3 and 4. Additional forces are applied to the (elbow) joints 16, 11 at least during the partial stroke, for example to fix the freedom of the bell crank.

The function of the pliers during the work process from FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 is as follows:
In the first partial process from FIG. 1 to FIG. 2, the user grips 2 and 4 are operated by the user, and the operating forces are applied to the hand levers 3 and 4. Done in the direction of The lateral force transmitted to the hand lever 4 by the user is guided by the flexible but rigid support to the increased lateral force in the region of the joint 16 via the pressure lever 14 and the lateral force is increased. Pressure is generated on the steady rest 17. Since the axis formed by the steady rest 17 does not extend by the joint 7 but rather has a lever arm, the standard force of the steady rest and the operating force transmitted to the hand lever by the user are both It is converted into a moment acting on the press jaw 7, and this moment acts in the closing direction of the press jaws 5, 6. The transmission of the pressing force that increases the user's operating force in the area of the press jaw 5 depends in particular on the location of the joint 10 between the end area of the hand lever 4 and the lever arm of the anti-rest column 17.

  The stop bolt 76 prevents the press jaw 6 from being swung further in the opening direction with respect to the hand lever 2 from the open state sketched in FIG. 1 while the closing movement of the press jaw 6 is possible in the second partial stroke. Furthermore, it is ensured that the position of the press jaw 6 is fixed to one side with respect to the hand lever 2. For example, the stop bolt 76 can be supported on the underside of the hand lever 2 during the first partial stroke.

  Therefore, the bell crank mechanism 22 is responsible for closing the press jaws 5, 6 during the first partial stroke.

  If the hand levers 2, 4 according to FIG. 2 are aligned parallel to the overlap, a transition from the first partial stroke to the second partial stroke takes place, and further closure thereof from the central state illustrated in FIG. The closed state illustrated in FIG. During the second partial stroke, the hand levers 2 and 4 are fixed to each other. This kind of fixation can be effected, for example, by placing the user's hand on both hand levers 2, 4 so that an additional support surface can be achieved. A switching device can be provided selectively or cumulatively, for example in the region of the joint 16, joint 18, press jaw 5 and steady rest 17 or any one of the hand levers 2, 4. Guarantees one-sided or two-sided restriction of 2, 4 movements. In this case, the switching device is manually operated by the user and is automatically force controlled by the achievement of the central state illustrated in FIG. 2 or remotely controlled or manually operated by the user. Or automatically controlled by the achievement of the central state illustrated in FIG. 2 or remotely controlled (weggesteuert). Thereby, in the second partial stroke, the components 2, 4, 17, 5 form a fixed tongue half, in which the degree of freedom is fixed by the joints 16, 18.

  In the second partial stroke, one hand lever 2, 4 and the other hand lever 3 are pressed against each other by the user. The lateral force transmitted to the hand lever 3 by the user (appropriately transmits the lever relationship to the hand lever 3) is transmitted to the press jaw 6 by a component force, and this press jaw is connected to the coupling axis between the joints 7 and 11. And the distance between the joints 7 and 11 forms a lever arm of the above components. Thereby, the component force generates a moment of the press jaw 6, which acts on the joint 7 and is oriented in the direction of closing the press jaws 5, 6. The transmission from the force transmitted to the hand lever 3 by the user to the increased force depends on the distance between the bearing 11 and the bearing 13 and the distance between the bent portion of the hand lever and the joints 7 and 11. The example configurations of the dimensions, the angle and geometry of the implemented components can be taken to the scale dimensions apparent in FIG. This is effective in the second partial stroke of the bell crank mechanism 21.

  By achieving the closed state according to FIG. 3, all hand levers 2, 3, 4 are parallel to each other and arranged with a minimum distance from each other.

  The take-back of the closed pliers 1 according to FIG. 3 is carried out in the released state according to FIG. 1 via the central state according to FIG. 2, and the operating force can reverse the direction of movement and the partial stroke. During the use of the switching device for fixing the hand levers 2, 4 to each other during the second partial stroke, for example, the operation of the switching device is automatically performed during the course of the closing movement of the pliers, This pliers must be manually actuated open (or vice versa) for take back.

  In order to achieve the central state according to FIG. 2, i.e. for the transition from the first partial stroke to the second partial stroke, the bent end region of the hand lever 4 and the steady rest 17 are substantially coaxial with each other. Has been placed. In order to achieve this kind of condition, moments are transmitted through the hand levers 2 and 4. Many cannot be generated for the press jaw 5. This limitation can be taken into account by the expert in a simple manner before changing to the second partial stroke, for example by means of a modified bend of the hand lever 4 or a reduced first partial stroke.

  4 and 5 show the selective operability of the pliers according to FIGS. 1 to 3, starting from the central state according to FIG. 2, the hand lever 4 for opening the press jaws 5, 6 is further with respect to the hand lever 2. See FIG. 4, which is directed upwards. This results in the joint 16 starting from the section length according to FIG. 2 and moving further inward. FIG. 4 thereby shows a selectively open state of the pliers 1 for which the first partial stroke (FIG. 4 → FIG. 5) can begin. For this configuration, when the hand levers 2 and 4 are fixed to each other via the switching device in the sketched state according to FIG. 4, the operation of the hand levers 2 and 3 is first performed by the user. This is done so that the hand levers 2, 3 have to be acted upon each other. The generation of the closing moment takes place analogous to the second partial stroke for the transition from FIGS. 2 to 3 for this first partial stroke from FIG. 4 to FIG.

  FIG. 5 shows the achievement of the central state in which the second partial stroke starts because of this selective closing state. During this second partial stroke, the hand levers 2, 3 do not change their relative positions, during which the hand lever 4 is actuated by the hand lever 2 (and hand lever 3). By the operation of the hand lever 4 inward, of course, the first partial stroke from FIG. 1 to FIG. 2 is different, the joint 16 is acted outward, and the anti-rest column 17 is acted on by pressure, This pressure also creates a closed state for the press jaw 5 with respect to the lever arm between the joints 7, 18. Therefore, in this case, the bell crank mechanism 22 becomes effective during the second partial stroke.

  From the selective operability of the pliers 1 consistent with FIGS. 1 to 5, it is clear that closed states for different operating directions of the hand lever can be caused:

  While the hand lever 4 has to be moved outward by the user in the first partial stroke from FIG. 1 to FIG. 2, in the second partial stroke, the inward action of the hand lever 4 continues in FIG. Done. If a suitable switching device is provided, similarly, starting from the starting position according to FIG. 4, the first partial stroke is not performed by the movement of the hand levers 2, 3 to the central state illustrated in FIG. Rather, the movements of the hand levers 2 and 4 are performed first.

  FIGS. 6 to 20 show a further embodiment of the pliers 30 or of this individual member, the function of which can be compared in principle with the pliers according to FIGS. Of course, FIGS. 6-20 contain a preferred configuration of the pliers 30 with additional preferred functionality, simplification, and filling components.

  As an essential difference, the pliers 30 simply have two hand levers 31, 32, which can be switched via a switching device 33, so that the hand lever 31 is in this case for the pliers according to FIGS. Causes the function of the hand levers 2 and 4. This can be changed from the hand lever 31 to the press jaw 5 attached to the force flux, kinematics, and emergency freedom via the switching device.

  The tongue head 75 of the pliers 30 can be recognized by the enlarged display of FIG. With respect to the function of the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 5, the corresponding components are provided with the same reference numerals and a new description has been given up for coupling to the corresponding components and adjacent components.

  The hand lever 31 has an end member 34 that is fixedly connected to the grip member 52 of the hand lever 31 via a fixing element 35. The end member 34 is substantially covered by the representation according to FIG. 7 via the joint 10, but is connected in detail to a holding plate or guide plate 36 shown in FIGS. The guide plate 36 can be compared with the hand lever 2 shortened by the tongue head of the pliers 1 according to FIG. 1, and the hand lever is extended via the hand lever 32 to the determined switching position of the switching device 33. In the end region facing away from the grip member 52, the end member 34 is flexibly connected to the steady strut 17 through the joint 16.

  Further, in FIG. 7, the operation member 37 should be recognized, which is a part of the switching device 33, and its function will become clear from the following description.

  11 to 14, the operation member 37 is formed in an L shape and includes a vertical base leg 38 and a horizontal leg 39, and the base leg 38 is approximately 60 ° to 80 ° in an end region facing the horizontal leg 39. It has an operating area 40 which is bent down and whose upper surface has a recess 41 by means of which the operating member 37 can be actuated in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the base leg 38 by means of a cam, for example. The lateral leg 39 has projections 42, 43 oriented in the end region opposite the base leg 38 and across the drawing plane according to FIG. Furthermore, the operating member 37 has an enlarged portion in the form of guide side surfaces 44, 45 in the region of the base leg 38. The operating member 37 has a longitudinally extending groove 46 in the region of the base leg 38, which groove is transferred to the transition area to the lateral leg 39 and ends at the lateral leg 39 with the abutment surface 47. is doing. On the lower surface, the lateral leg 39 has a bag hole 48.

  15 to 17, the end member is formed in a Y shape near the first, the Y base leg 49 is formed in a straight line and has two holes 50 and 51, and these holes are grip members 52. The end member 34 can be fixed. In the region of the leg 53 of Y, a flat contact surface 54 is formed, and the leg 53 is formed by being rounded on the surface facing the contact surface 54 between them, 49. The other leg 55 of Y forms a support eye 56 for the joint 16. Further, the end member 34 has a hole 57 for the joint 10.

  17 and 18 show individual member diagrams of the guide plate 36. FIG. In its end region, the guide plate 36 has receiving portions or holes 58, 59 for the joint 10 and the joint 7, respectively. Further, the guide plate 36 is provided with a guide groove 60, which is inclined from the upper surface to the lower surface in FIG. The guide groove 60 is formed linearly. Furthermore, a guide groove 61 is formed in the guide plate 36 that passes from the upper surface to the guide plate 36 without passing through the curved lower surface. The guide groove 61 ends with a groove end 63. The third guide groove 62 is provided inside the guide plate 36 and is thereby restricted on both sides.

  FIG. 7 shows the pliers 30 in an assembled state, where the upper guide plate 36 has been removed to gain recognition of the interior of the tong head due to the two guide plates 36 located on either side of the tong head. In the assembled state, the guide side surfaces 44 and 45 are respectively guided in the guide groove 60 of the guide plate 36, whereby the operation member 37 is guided in the direction of the guide groove 60. The protrusions 42 and 43 are guided in the guide groove 62. In this bag hole 48, the pressure spring is supported under stress, and the operating member is positioned so that the protrusions 42, 43 abut against the upper edge of the guide groove 62 for the most relaxed pressure spring. The guide plate 36 is moved. This state of the operating member 37 should be recognized in FIGS.

  In the first partial stroke (FIG. 6 → FIG. 8), the hand levers 31 and 32 are separated from each other by the increased turn and turn the joint 16 inward. The bearing journal 64 of the joint 16 flows into the groove 61 by an increased turn until the bearing journal 64 is installed in the groove end 63 for the end of the first partial stroke, whereby a constant end position is provided in the first partial stroke. Yes. As a result, the groove end 63 forms a one-sided stopper that restricts turning between the hand lever 31, the steadying support column 17, the guide plate 36 and the press jaw 5, and the stopper further prevents relative movement of the hand lever 31 with respect to the hand lever 32. I will stop you.

  The fixation in the facing direction by the completion of the end of the first part of the stroke is additionally performed as follows: a restricting surface in which the leg 53 is rounded by the increased turning of the hand lever 31 and the movement of the joint 16 inwardly Thus, the leg 53 of the end member 34 always further approaches the lateral leg 39 of the operation member 37 until it comes into contact with the upper surface of the lateral leg 39. Further turning of the first partial stroke causes the leg 53 to press the lateral leg 39 and the operating member 37 associated therewith downward along the guide grooves 60, 62, which appears together with the action of a pressure spring (not shown). By achieving the end of the first partial stroke and coming into contact with the groove end 63 of the bearing journal, the contact surface 54 of the end member 34 is rotated outwardly through the contact surface 47 of the operating member 37. Since it is swung widely, the leg 53 can enter the groove 46 of the operating member 37. Accordingly, the contact surfaces 47 and 54 press the pressure spring of the operation member 37 outward again at the end of the first partial stroke. In this state, the hand lever 31 including the end member 34, the anti-rest column 17 and the press jaw 5 form a tong member that cannot be fixedly rotated, whereby the second partial stroke can be started. In this case, the fixing is performed by installing the contact surfaces 47 and 54 in the turning direction and by installing the bearing journal in the groove end 63 in the other turning direction.

  In the second partial stroke, the kinematics are formed substantially in accordance with DE 10346241 (Patent Document 4), and a forced ratchet 65 and a stop ratchet 66 can be used for the moved tongs. . The hand lever 32 is formed by a partial lever 67, and the hand lever 32 is connected to the joint 11 in that region. Via the stop ratchet 66, the angle between the grip member 74 of the hand lever 32 and the partial lever 67 can be changed independently of the state of the press jaws 5, 6 as follows: In the region facing 74, there is a stopper 68, which is arranged in a row or arcuately around the first partial stroke. The stopper 68 cooperates with a spring-biased tooth adder 69 which can be manually operated step by step. This tooth adder 69 has a claw member 70 biased in the direction of the stopper 68 via a spring (not shown). The contours of the stopper 68 and the claw member 70 are adapted such that the hand levers 31, 32 are adapted to each other for the operation of the stopper 68 and the claw member forms a claw joint for operation. And the grip member 74 of the hand lever 32. Needless to say, the hand levers 31 and 32 move away from each other until the claw member 70 engages with the adjacent stopper 68, and the slope of the adjacent stopper 68 is pressed back under the action of the spring. Reference is made to the first listed prints and handheld pliers with a stop ratchet on the market, including further configurations and details. In the illustrated embodiment, the degree of freedom required for the stop ratchet is realized between the partial lever 67 and the hand lever 32 via a joint 77. Without being abandoned by the underlying concept according to the invention, in a variant, it is entirely possible that the joint 77 is formed as one common joint of the joints 11, 13, which is different from that disclosed in US Pat. See the described embodiments.

  To form a forced ratchet 65, a tooth segment 71 is provided with respect to the joint 13 around the partial lever 67 and cooperates with a pawl element 72 that is spring biased and supported on the pressure lever 14. The contours of the claw element 72 and the tooth segment 71 are formed such that the hand levers 31 and 32 are engaged with the claw element forward and backward with the claw element by movement. The movement of the hand levers 31, 32 is separated from each other by the contour of the element 72, thereby preventing the press jaws 5, 6 from re-turning. Prior art, in which further configurability and / or details of the forced ratchet 65 are listed first, or which is freely available in the market, should be adopted for the pliers with the forced ratchet 65.

  Therefore, during the second partial stroke, the movement of the pawl element 72 is effected by the full tooth segment 71 from the state sketched in FIG. Starting from the start of the second partial stroke according to FIG. 9, the hand levers 31, 32 can be grasped by one or both hands of the user, so that the partial stroke by the stop ratchet for the unchanged position of the press jaws 5, 6 is achieved. The hand levers can move relative to each other to initiate the movement, which is corrected to the external stopper 68 by the movement of the pawl member 70. In the press stage, the movements of the press jaws 5, 6 can be achieved with each other, and the once achieved state of the press jaws 5, 6 is blocked by the forced ratchet 65. For the next press stage, the stop ratchet 66 is actuated so that the pawl member 70 cooperates with the adjacent stopper 68. In the subsequent press stage, the press jaws 5, 6 are further brought closer together under the blocking by the forced ratchet 65. This process repeats a few slight press stages, such as 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 10 or more press stages. The pawl element 72 reaches the recess 73 of the partial lever 67 by the end of the second partial stroke. Starting from this state, the pawl element 72 can again be returned to the starting position illustrated in FIG. With manual change of the stop ratchet, the toothing device 69 can be manually activated as well.

  During the first partial stroke from FIG. 6 to FIG. 8, the stopping ratchet exists in the most outwardly bent state, so that the degree of freedom of rotation is prevented between the partial lever 67 and the grip member 74. The functions of the pliers 30 are connected as follows:

  According to FIG. 6, the pliers 30 have an open state with the forging die halves farthest from each other. In this open state, the hand levers 31, 32 are present at a minimum distance, so that the structural space relationship in which the pliers 30 are terminated can also be brought on the workpiece.

In the first partial stroke from FIG. 6 to FIG. 8, the hand levers 31, 32 have been pivoted away from each other by the user and the stop ratchet 66 is in the most pivoted outward position, so this position is blocked Has been. Further, the forced ratchet 65 exists in a state where it is fully opened and fixed.
-The bell crank mechanism 22 is activated during the first partial stroke. In this case, the turning of the fresce jaw 6 can be further restricted outwardly on one side by a stop bolt, and the stop bolt can be guided, for example, in a suitable groove on one side of the guide plate 36.
In the transition from the first partial stroke to the second partial stroke, the operating member is spring-biased and moved outward to install the bearing journal 64 on the groove end 63 and the contact surface 47 on the contact surface 54. 8 to FIG. 9 by locking the degree of freedom of the bell crank mechanism 22. In the second partial process from FIG. 9 to FIG. 10, although the hand lever 31 is a part of the fixed tongue half, the force ratchet 65 and the stop ratchet 66 are moved by the movement of the hand lever 32 in the direction of the hand lever 31. The compression by the bell crank mechanism 22 is performed in a plurality of press stages under the cooperative action.

  Selective support points and support points as well as kinematics can be used within the scope of this invention. For example, Patent Document 4 discloses an embodiment in which the partial lever 68 is connected to the press jaw 6 on the one hand and to the grip member 74 on the other hand through another joint at different points. The pressure lever is likewise supported by a separate joint for this type of embodiment. Here, the support provided in the joint by the eccentric bearing bolt is performed without abandoning the range provided by the invention, so that the adjustability and the post-adjustability of the pliers can be provided (Patent Document 4). . The individual structural elements of the pliers 1, 30 can be formed in a bulk configuration or in a plate configuration. Furthermore, according to Patent Document 2, the forging die half can be exchanged and held by the press jaws 5 and 6 under the possibility of play, and play can be centered and matched in the direction of the section plane of the forging die half. To do. In a simplified configuration of the stop ratchet, for example, a journal and two bent grooves via a joint connection where the two partial levers of the moved tongue half according to US Pat. Are connected to each other.

  Unlike the illustrated embodiment, the pliers hand levers 2, 3, 4 are formed freely in the direction of the end region facing the tongue head, and on the parallel outer surface of the hand lever, the inner surface of the hand lever Formed with increased spacing. This can save material and weight under consideration of the bending stress of the hand lever. On the other hand, this allows the hand levers to be brought closer together.

A plier with three hand levers in an open state for starting the first partial stroke is shown in a three-dimensional display. The pliers according to FIG. 1 at the end of the first partial stroke or the start of the second partial stroke are shown in a three-dimensional display. FIG. 3 shows the pliers according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in a three-dimensional representation in the closed state at the end of the second partial stroke. Fig. 4 shows a three-dimensional display of the selectively open state starting the first partial stroke of the pliers according to Figs. FIG. 5 shows the pliers according to FIGS. 1 to 4 at the end of the first partial stroke from the open state according to FIG. A three-dimensional display shows the selective construction of a pliers with two hand levers and a switching device, an open forced ratchet for starting the first partial stroke and a stop ratchet. FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of the tong head of the pliers according to FIG. 6. Since the switching device is not activated, the pliers according to FIGS. 6 and 7 at the end of the first partial stroke in which the first kinematics are valid are shown in a three-dimensional display. FIG. 9 shows a three-dimensional representation of the pliers according to FIGS. 6 to 8 at the end of the first partial stroke when the switching device is activated and the second kinematics is valid. FIG. 10 shows the pliers according to FIGS. 6 to 9 in a three-dimensional representation at the end of the second partial stroke in the closed state. The operation member of the pliers according to the present invention is shown in a side view. The operating member according to FIG. 11 is shown in a front view. FIG. 12 shows a three-dimensional display of the operating member according to FIG. 11 as viewed from below. The operating member according to FIG. 11 is shown in plan view. The end member of the hand lever of the pliers according to the present invention is shown in a side view. The end member according to FIG. 15 is shown in a three-dimensional display. The plier guide plate according to the invention is shown in side view. FIG. 17 shows the guide plate according to FIG. 17 in a three-dimensional display.

Explanation of symbols

1. . . . Pliers 31. . . . Hand lever 2. . . . Hand lever 32. . . . 2. Hand lever . . . Hand lever 33. . . . 3. Switching device . . . Hand lever 34. . . . 4. End member . . . Press jaw 35. . . . Fixed element 6. . . . Press jaw 36. . . . Guide board 7. . . . Fitting 37. . . . Operation member 8. . . . Forging die half 38. . . . Base leg 9. . . . Forging die half 39. . . . Horizontal leg 10. . . Joint 40. . . . Operation area 11. . . Joint 41. . . . Hollow
12 . . Bent part 42. . . . Projection 13. . . Joint 43. . . . Projection 14. . . Pressure lever 44. . . . Guide side 15. . . Bent part 45. . . . Guide side 16. . . Joint 46. . . . Groove 17. . . Steady rest 47. . . . Contact surface 18. . . Joint 48. . . . Bag hole 19. . . Prop 49. . . . Base leg 20. . . Strut 50. . . . Hole 21. . . Bell crank mechanism 51. . . . Hole 22. . . Bell crank mechanism 52. . . . Grip member 30. . . Pliers 53. . . . leg
61. . . Guide groove 54. . . . Contact surface 62. . . Guide groove 55. . . . leg
63. . . Groove end 56. . . . Bearing eyes 64. . . Bearing journal 57. . . . Hole 65. . . Forced ratchet 58. . . . Hole 66. . . Stop ratchet 59. . . . Hole 67. . . Partial lever 60. . . . Guide groove 68. . . Stopper 69. . . Additional tooth device 70. . . . Claw member
71. . . . Tooth segment
72. . . . Nail element
73. . . . Hollow
74. . . . Grip member
75. . . . Tong head
76. . . . Stop bolt
77. . . . Fitting

Claims (18)

In pliers (1; 30) for squeezing work pieces similar to press dies, frames, tubes, electrical contacts, cable shoes, joints,
a) two hand levers (2, 3, 4; 31, 32) that can move relative to each other;
b) two press jaws (5, 6) pivotable relative to each other in the region of the pliers head (75) squeezed through the work shoe;
c) kinematics for transmitting the force transmitted to the hand lever (2, 3, 4; 31, 32) by the user to the press jaws (5, 6),
d) The work shoe of the press jaw (5, 6) has a first partial stroke (FIG. 1 → FIG. 2; FIG. 6 → FIG. 8) and a second partial stroke (FIG. 2 → FIG. 3; FIG. 9 → FIG. 10). And
e) The generation of pressing force in both partial strokes takes place under the use of different kinematics, and f) the kinematics are each formed as a bell crank mechanism (21, 22), which has an elbow Are formed by different joints (11, 16). In pliers (1; 30) for squeezing work pieces similar to press dies, frames, tubes, electrical contacts, cable shoes, joints,
a) two hand levers (2, 3, 4; 31, 32) that can move relative to each other;
b) two press jaws (5, 6) pivotable relative to each other in the region of the pliers head (75) squeezed through the work shoe;
c) kinematics for transmitting the force transmitted to the hand lever (2, 3, 4; 31, 32) by the user to the press jaws (5, 6),
d) The work shoe of the press jaw (5, 6) has a first partial stroke (FIG. 1 → FIG. 2; FIG. 6 → FIG. 8) and a second partial stroke (FIG. 2 → FIG. 3; FIG. 9 → FIG. 10). And
e) generation of pressing force in both partial strokes is performed under the use of different kinematics, and f) for both partial strokes, the hand levers (31, 32) are pivoted together in different directions The pliers according to claim 1.   Plier according to claim 2, wherein three hand levers (2, 3, 4) are provided.   3. A switching device (33) is provided, through which the switching from the first kinematics to the second kinematics and vice versa is possible. Pliers.   The pliers according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the switching in the switching device (33) is at a fixed degree of freedom.   6. A manual actuating member (37) is provided, through which the switching from the first kinematics to the second kinematics and vice versa is performed. The pliers described in 1.   6. The pliers according to claim 4, wherein automatic switching is performed from the first kinematics to the second kinematics and vice versa.   Plier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the press jaws (5, 6) are open when the hand lever (31, 32) is closed. a) In the first partial stroke (FIG. 6 → FIG. 8), the hand lever (31) is pivotally connected to the steady rest (17) in the end region, but the other end region of the steady rest (17). Is pivotably connected to the press jaw (5), and the steady post (17) and the hand lever (31) form a bell crank mechanism (22) in which the elbow is connected to the steady post (17). Formed by the joint (16) of the hand lever (31),
b) During the second partial stroke (FIG. 9 → FIG. 10), the other hand lever (32) is connected to the press jaw (6) so as to be freely pivotable, and the other hand lever (32) and the press jaw ( 6) form a bell crank mechanism (21), in which the elbow is formed by a joint (11) between the hand lever (32) and the press jaw (6). The pliers according to claim 8.   A switching device (33) fixes the degree of freedom of rotation of the steady rest (17) with respect to the hand lever (31) in the end region facing away from the press jaw (5). The pliers according to claim 9 in relation to any one of the above. a) For switching at the end of the first partial stroke (FIG. 8 → FIG. 9), the end member (34) of the hand lever (31), the steady post (17), the end member (34) and the steady post (17) ) Or any one of them is abutted against the stopper (groove end 63) in the moving direction of the first partial stroke,
b) Another stopper (abutment surfaces 47, 54) acts, and this stopper has an end member (34) of the hand lever (31), an anti-rest column (17), an end member (34) and an anti-rest column ( The pliers according to claim 10, characterized in that the joint (16) to which 17) is coupled is abutted against the moving direction of the first partial stroke.   12. Stopper (groove end 63; abutment surfaces 47, 54) acts from 2 ° to 10 °, in particular from 3 ° to 4 °, before or after the extension position of the bell crank mechanism. Pliers.   Plier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hand lever (32) has a stop ratchet (66) and parts of the hand lever (32) can be fixed to each other by different angular alignments.   14. Plier (65) is provided to maintain a defined intermediate state of the press jaws (5, 6) in the work shoe on one side. Pliers.   15. The pliers (65) are only effective in the second partial stroke, in which the press jaws (5, 6) are more widely closed in the first partial stroke. The pliers according to claim 1.   The construction length of the pliers (1; 30) is shorter than 800 mm, and the bell crank mechanism (21, 22) is laid down by a user's manual force less than 400N, causing a pressing force of 50000N or more, especially 60000N or more. 16. The pliers according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that:   17. Plier (1; 30) according to claim 16, characterized in that in the area of the press jaws (5, 6) a mold half having a joint diameter of at least 20 mm, in particular at least 25 mm, 28 mm or 32 mm. Pliers.   18. Manually operated plier (1; 30) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a required pressing force of more than 40000 N in order to squeeze a joint made of copper or precious metal. how to use.

Images