JP2008150811A - Vegetation base, greening method, and greening structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vegetation base which can enhance the ratio of fixation of incoming seeds to a slope and which can properly protect a greening target place such as the slope, a vegetation net, a greening structure, and a greening method. <P>SOLUTION: A sheet-like member 2 with a light-shielding function and a windbreaking one is combined with a vegetation portion 5 which does not inhibit the growth of plants. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a vegetation substrate, a tree planting method, and a tree planting structure, which are suitable for use in, for example, slope planting and can also facilitate the introduction of local vegetation.

  As a conventional revegetation method for the purpose of slope protection and slope revegetation, a so-called stand-by vegetation net is laid on the slope, and the germination of plant seeds flying into the area to be replanted with this vegetation net・ There are things that try to achieve greening by growing. In such a construction method, it is only necessary to hold fertilizer and water retention material for vegetation in the vegetation net, so that construction can be carried out at low cost. Since only the seeds of plants that exist in the region, the ecosystem is not disturbed, and greening that is extremely gentle to the natural environment can be performed.

JP 09-144004 A

  However, the above-mentioned greening method simply accepts flying seeds on the slope and expects germination and growth on the spot, and its establishment rate is unstable. In addition, the soil portion on the slope surface layer was dried by exposure to direct sunlight or wind, and was often not suitable for germination and growth of flying seeds. That is, the pros and cons of fixing the flying seeds is greatly affected by on-site conditions, and there is a problem that reliability is low.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to greatly increase the fixation rate of flying seeds on the slope, and to favorably protect the greening target area such as the slope. An object is to provide a vegetation substrate, a vegetation net, a greening structure, and a greening method.

  In order to achieve the above object, a vegetation substrate according to the present invention is characterized by combining a sheet-like member having a light-shielding function and a wind-proof function and a vegetation part that does not inhibit plant growth (claim 1). .

  In the vegetation substrate, the vegetation part may be formed by providing a cutout portion in a sheet-like member (Claim 2).

  Further, in the vegetation substrate, a sheet-like member having a light shielding function and a windproof function may be held in a part of the net-like member, and a portion where the sheet-like member does not exist may be the vegetation part. 3).

  Further, in the vegetation base, a net-like member may be provided with a sparse portion and a dense portion, the sparse portion may constitute the vegetation portion, and the dense portion may be configured as the sheet-like member (claim). Item 4).

  On the other hand, the vegetation substrate may include a bag-like body containing a water retention material and / or a vegetation material (Claim 5).

  Moreover, in order to achieve the said objective, the tree planting method which concerns on this invention arrange | positions the vegetation base | substrate in any one of Claims 1-5 on a slope (Claim 6).

  Furthermore, in order to achieve the above object, the greening method according to the present invention includes a plurality of sheet-like members having a light-shielding function and a wind-proof function arranged on a slope so as to provide a portion that is not in close contact with adjacent sheet-like members. In addition, a gap forming a vegetation portion is provided between the sheet-like members (claim 7).

  On the other hand, in order to achieve the above object, the greening structure according to the present invention is formed by the greening method according to claim 6 or 7 (claim 8).

  In the invention which concerns on Claims 1-8, the vegetation base | substrate which can greatly improve the fixation rate of the flying seed with respect to a slope, and can perform well protection of the greening target sites, such as a slope, a greening construction method, and greening A structure is obtained.

  That is, when the vegetation substrate according to claim 1 is installed on a greening target site such as a slope, the sheet-like member not only prevents the greening target site from drying by direct sunlight, but also soil moisture in the greening target site evaporates. As a result, appropriate moisture is retained in the vegetation part, and as a result, the vegetation part becomes an environment suitable for plant growth. Therefore, in the invention according to claim 1, it is possible to satisfactorily germinate and grow the flying seeds that have come to the greening target site in the vegetation part, to increase the fixation rate of the flying seeds, and to quickly and reliably replant the greening target site. A vegetation substrate that can achieve the above is obtained.

  Moreover, since the said sheet-like member has a wind-proof function, drying by wind and erosion of the greening target site are prevented, and thereby, a vegetation base capable of satisfactorily protecting the greening target site is obtained.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 2, 3, since the vegetation part is previously provided in the sheet-like member or the net-like member, formation of a vegetation part can be easily performed with installation of the sheet-like member or the net-like member with respect to the slope. A vegetation substrate is obtained.

  In particular, in the invention according to claim 3, when a plurality of sheet-like members are used, it is not necessary to separately install the sheet-like member on the greening target site by fixing the net-like member holding these to the greening target site. Therefore, a vegetation base that is easier to construct can be obtained.

  In addition, when the invention according to claim 3 is installed in the greening target area, the net-like member usually has an effect of preventing erosion of the greening target area and / or an effect of catching the flying seed (fixing the flying seed to the standby position) Therefore, a vegetation substrate on which the greening coating of the greening target area can be achieved very well and reliably over the entire surface can be obtained.

  In the invention according to claim 4, the same effect as that of the vegetation substrate according to claim 1 can be obtained, and a vegetation substrate that has a simple configuration and can be manufactured at low cost is obtained.

  In the invention according to claim 5, since the water retention material and / or vegetation material in the bag-shaped body plays a role of supplying moisture, fertilizer, etc. to the flying seeds that are going to be rooted in the greening target land, Greening with seeds and the like will be achieved more reliably.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 6, the greening method which can exhibit the said effect of the vegetation base | substrate which concerns on Claims 1-5 to the maximum is obtained.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 7, the greening method which can show the said effect obtained by the vegetation base | substrate which concerns on Claim 1, and can also set a vegetation part freely at the time of installation of a sheet-like member is obtained.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 8, the greening structure which show | plays the effect similar to the effect of the vegetation base | substrate which concerns on Claims 1-5 is obtained.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a configuration of a vegetation base A, a greening structure, and a greening method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. First, as shown in FIG. 1, the vegetation base A according to this embodiment forms a greening structure in a state where it is laid on the slope 1 as a planting target site, and the plant for greening is favorably formed on the slope 1. It is configured to grow.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the vegetation base A has a sheet-like member 2 having a light shielding function and a windproof function and having no (or small) water permeability. The sheet-like member 2 is formed of, for example, a nonwoven fabric such as felt or a synthetic resin, and at least the surface (upper surface) is a smooth surface having a small frictional resistance. Further, the sheet-like member 2 has, for example, a rectangular shape whose length and width are about 1 m to 3 m.

  The vegetation base A has an elongated bag-like body 3, and a water retaining material 4 is accommodated in the bag-like body 3.

  Here, it is preferable that the sheet-like member 2 and the bag-like body 3 are configured so as not to corrode for at least five years. Moreover, the sheet-like member 2 and the bag-like body 3 may be formed separately or integrally. And when forming both 2 and 3 integrally, you may make it obtain both by integral molding, and in the bag-shaped body 3 which shape | molded the end part of the sheet-like member 2 separately from this, The sheet-like member 2 may be wound around the bag-like body 3 in a roll shape.

  And the said vegetation base | substrate A combines the said sheet-like member 2 and the bag-like body 3, and the vegetation part 5 which does not inhibit the growth of a plant, and the sheet-like member 2 and the bag-like body 3 are anchor pins etc., for example It is fixed to the slope 1 by placing a fixing member (not shown), and is laid so as to form a stripe pattern as shown in FIG. That is, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of (four in the illustrated example) vegetation bases A arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the contour line are set as one set. The vegetation base A is laid with a gap (interval) in a direction substantially perpendicular to the contour line (so as to provide a portion that is not in close contact). And the said clearance gap (space | interval of several sets of vegetation bases A) is a magnitude | size of about 5 cm-50 cm, The said vegetation part 5 is comprised by this clearance gap, and the laying of the vegetation base | substrate A which has this vegetation part 5 is said. A greening structure is constructed on the slope 1.

  Here, the vegetation base A constituting the greening structure has an area where the slope 1 is shielded by the sheet-like member 2 and the bag-like body 3 in the entire area to be planted on the slope 1 where the vegetation base A is laid. It is desirable to lay so as to be 50% or more (that is, the shielding area by the sheet-like member 2 and the bag-like body 3 is larger than the area of the vegetation part 5).

  Next, the greening method will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the tree planting method is completed by laying the vegetation base A on the slope 1 with the fixing member and forming a gap, that is, the vegetation portion 5 between the vegetation bases A. Here, when the sheet-like member 2 and the bag-like body 3 of the vegetation base A are separate bodies, first, after the sheet-like member 2 is arranged on the slope 1, one end side of each sheet-like member 2 The vegetation base A can be fixed on the slope 1 by placing the bag-like bodies 3 on the (mountain side) and placing the fixing members. Moreover, when both 2 and 3 are formed integrally and the sheet-like member 2 is comprised so that it can convey in the state wound by roll shape with respect to the bag-like body 3, the bag-like body 3 is After arranging the vegetation base A so as to be located on the mountain side and expanding the sheet-like member 2, the vegetation base A can be fixed on the slope 1 by placing the fixing member. In any case, when the vegetation base A is installed on the slope 1, the sheet-like member 2 is not formed with ridges or steps extending substantially parallel to the contour lines, and the surface (upper surface) of the sheet-like member 2 is prevented. ) Is as smooth as possible.

  In the greening structure formed by the greening method, the vegetation base A is laid on the slope 1 as shown in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 2 (B), when the flying seed 6 that has come into the area to be planted where the greening structure is formed falls on the sheet-like member 2, The flying seeds 6 that are arranged in the vegetation part 5 provided on the valley side and fall directly on the vegetation part 5 are arranged on the spot. That is, the seeds that have come to the greening area are concentrated (concentrated arrangement) in the vegetation part 5, and the flying seeds 6 that have been collected in the vegetation part 5 further slide down on the slope 1 It is prevented by the bag-like body 3 arranged on the valley side of the part 5.

  On the other hand, when there is rainfall in the greening area, the moisture is absorbed by the slope 1 where the water retaining material 4 and the vegetation part 5 in the bag 3 are exposed. Further, the sheet-like member 2 prevents the slope 1 from being dried by direct sunlight, and evaporation of capillary water or the like in the soil which is going to evaporate from the soil on the slope 1 to the outside thereof is caused by the sheet-like member 2. Therefore, a certain amount of moisture is maintained in the lower area 7 of the sheet-like member 2. As a result of the improvement of the moisture condition by the sheet-like member 2 and the like, the vegetation part 5 that is always supplied with appropriate moisture is in an appropriate growth environment.

  Therefore, the vegetation part 5 is in a state where the growth base conditions are in place for the plant seeds, and the flying seeds 6 concentrated in the vegetation part 5 are excellent as shown in FIG. Germination and growth will be achieved, and planting of slope 1 will be achieved early and preferably.

  Moreover, in the vegetation part 5 not covered with the vegetation base A, there is a slight movement of the soil, and the flying seeds 6 and the soil particles concentrated in the vegetation part 5 are mixed. The water retention effect and fertilizer effect of seeds are automatically increased, and an extremely favorable environment for germination and growth can be created with low cost and low labor.

  Further, the sheet-like member 2 that occupies 50% or more of the greening target area and has a wind-proof function prevents the slope 1 from being dried or eroded by the wind, and thus the slope 1 can be well protected. In addition, with the prevention of the erosion of the slope 1, the flying seed 6 is protected from the damage caused by the erosion, and its germination and growth is more reliably performed, and the early greening of the slope 1 is fully achieved. It will be a thing.

  In addition, on the slope 1 where the vegetation base A is laid by the above-mentioned greening construction method, as shown in FIG. By doing so, the vegetation base 8 is formed in a step shape in the vegetation part 5 on the mountain side of the bag-like body 3. The so-called stage effect that makes it easy for the plants to grow in this stage, the vegetation is positively introduced to the slope 1, and greening is realized early and well. That is, the stage effect referred to here is an effect in which, for example, a sedimentary layer or the like accumulates, so that, for example, a growth base layer having a gentler slope than the slope is formed in a stage shape, and plants easily grow in this stage.

  Further, in the vegetation base A and the greening method and the greening structure for laying the vegetation base A, once the vegetation base A is installed, the subsequent maintenance and the like are almost unnecessary, so that the management is very easy. Since the vegetation substrate A may be partially disposed, the workability is good and economical.

  In addition, although the example which provides the vegetation base | substrate A in stripe form is shown in FIG. 1, the method of arrangement | positioning of the vegetation base | substrate A is not restricted to this, Various arrangement | positioning can be employ | adopted, for example, it shows in FIG. Thus, a set of a plurality of (four in the illustrated example) vegetation bases A arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the contour lines may be alternately shifted in a direction substantially perpendicular to the contour lines. May be arranged in a perfect checkered pattern, or may be arranged in a zigzag pattern.

  In addition, the vegetation base A may be a sheet-like member 2 provided with a notch 2a as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. In this case, the sheet-like member 2 (vegetation base A) can be arranged in both a direction substantially parallel to the contour line and a direction perpendicular to the contour line, and it is not necessary to measure and install the vegetation part 5, so it is easier. It becomes possible to install in. That is, the vegetation part 5 may be formed by providing the sheet-like member 2 with the notched portion 2a. Further, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, when the sheet-like member 2 is formed long and formed into a roll shape at the time of transportation or the like, it is developed on the slope 1. Thus, it can be installed quickly, and workability related to the installation is improved.

  When the vegetation base A shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B is installed on the slope 1, the part located on the slope 1 in the notch 2 a becomes the vegetation portion 5. In addition, also when using the vegetation base | substrate A shown to FIG. 4 (A), (B), the area which shields the slope 1 by the vegetation base | substrate A (the sheet-like member 2 and the bag-like body 3) has a greening structure. It is desirable to constitute 50% or more of the entire area to be planted on the slope 1 that has been laid.

  Here, the notch portion 2a shown in FIG. 4 (A) has a horizontally long rectangular shape, and the notch portion 2a shown in FIG. 4 (B) has a substantially circular shape, but each notch portion 2a. The shape of can be various.

  Moreover, you may make it arrange | position the bag-like body 3 extended substantially parallel to a contour line in the trough side of the notch part 2a shown to FIG. 4 (A), (B).

  Furthermore, the position where the vegetation base A shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has the bag-like body 3 can be set as appropriate, and the bag-like body 3 may not be provided.

  In addition, the greening method performed by laying the vegetation base A may be carried out in a greening target site, and the slope 1 is merely an example of this greening target site, Needless to say, the greening method may be carried out in a greening target area such as a flat land. However, the greening method is more suitable for implementation on the slope 1 in that the step effect is obtained.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the configuration of the vegetation base and the greening method according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the member same or equivalent to what was shown in FIGS. 1-3, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  First, the vegetation base B according to this embodiment forms a greening structure in a state where the vegetation base A is laid on the slope 1 as a greening target site, like the vegetation base A shown in FIGS. The plant for greening is configured to grow well.

  More specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the vegetation base B has a net-like member 9, and the net-like member 9 is provided with a plurality of cylindrical pocket portions 9a. The sheet-like member 2 shown in FIG.

  In the greening method according to this embodiment, the vegetation base B is laid on the slope 1 with an appropriate fixing member (for example, an anchor pin), and the sheet-like member 2 is accommodated and held in the pocket portion 9a. To complete. At this time, the vegetation base B is preferably installed so that the pocket portion 9a extends substantially parallel to the contour line, and the bag-like body 3 of the sheet-like member 2 in each pocket portion 9a also extends substantially parallel to the contour line. It is desirable to accommodate the sheet-like member 2 in the pocket portion 9a.

  And the said vegetation part 5 between the adjacent pocket parts 9a and 9a in the vegetation base | substrate B installed in the slope 1 by the said greening method (or between the sheet-like members 2 and 2 accommodated in the said adjacent pocket part 9a). As a result, a greening structure having the vegetation base B and the vegetation part 5 is formed on the slope 1. That is, in the vegetation base B, the sheet-like member 2 is held on a part of the net-like member 9, and a portion where the sheet-like member 2 does not exist is the vegetation part 5.

  In the greening method for forming the greening structure using the vegetation base B having the above-described structure on the slope 1, there is no need to individually fix the plurality of sheet-like members 2 to the slope 1 by the fixing members, and the net-like member 9. Since the construction can be performed simply by accommodating and holding the sheet-like member 2 in each pocket portion 9a after fixing to the slope 1, the labor required for the installation can be greatly reduced.

  In addition, in this embodiment, the net-like member 9 exhibits the effect of preventing erosion of the slope 1 and the effect of catching the flying seeds, so that the greening coating of the slope 1 is very good and reliable over the entire surface. Will be achieved.

  Here, the said sheet-like member 2 may be previously accommodated in each pocket part 9a, and it becomes possible to install the vegetation base | substrate B in a shorter time in this case.

  When installing the vegetation base B, the sheet-like member 2 accommodated in the pocket portion 9a may be in a state where the bag-like body 3 is located on the mountain side of the sheet-like member 2 as shown in FIG. On the contrary, the bag-like body 3 may be in a state of being located on the valley side of the sheet-like member 2, or the bag-like body 3 may be in a state of being located in the middle part of the sheet-like member 2.

  5 shows an example in which the sheet-like member 2 composed of the sheet-like member 2 and the bag-like body 3 is accommodated in the pocket portion 9a, but as shown in FIGS. 6 (A) and 6 (B). The bag-like body 3 may be accommodated in the pocket portion 9a, and the sheet-like member 2 may be drawn out from the pocket portion 9a and extend toward the valley side. In this case, by forming the sheet-like member 2 in a strip shape, the sheet-like member 2 is pocketed if the sheet-like member 2 is passed through the mesh of the portion constituting the pocket portion 9a in the net-like member 9. It can be in the state pulled out from the part 9a.

  Here, in the vegetation base B shown in either FIG. 5 or FIG. 6, the area where the slope 1 is shielded by the vegetation base B is the same as that on the slope 1 as in the vegetation base A shown in FIGS. It is desirable to configure so as to be 50% or more of the entire greening target area.

  In the example shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the sheet-like member 2 having the bag-like body 3 is accommodated in the pocket portion 9a, but only one of the sheet-like member 2 and the bag-like body 3 is pocketed. You may accommodate in the part 9a. Further, the sheet-like member 2 does not necessarily need to be accommodated in the pocket portion 9a of the net-like member 9, and the net-like member can be obtained by an appropriate method such as sticking, suturing, bonding, or locking with a staple or a C-ring gun. Needless to say, it may be held at 9. In this case, even the net-like member 9 not provided with the pocket portion 9a can be used, which is preferable.

  5 and 6, the sheet-like member 2 is used in addition to the net-like member 9. For example, instead of providing the sheet-like member 2, the sheet-like member 2 in the net-like member 9 is used. The sheet-like member 2 can be omitted if the density of the part corresponding to the part in which the sheet is provided is increased to form a sheet. That is, the net-like member 9 may be provided with a sparse part and a dense part so that the sparse part forms the vegetation part 5, and the dense part may be constituted as the sheet-like member 2.

  The above embodiment can be implemented with various modifications. Explaining with an example, first, the bag-like body 3 contains, for example, vegetation material and buried seeds in one circumference of the slope (in the vicinity) instead of or in addition to the water-retaining material 4. More specifically, topsoil may be included. More specifically, topsoil seedbanks collected from natural mountains and forests on the 1st slope are added to growth aids and soil such as peat moss, bark compost, fertilizer and water retention material. What contains the improvement material suitably mixed may be included.

  In addition, each component of the vegetation base A, the vegetation base B, the greening structure, and the greening method in each of the above embodiments may be freely combined with each of the constituents according to the other embodiments. .

It is explanatory drawing which shows roughly the structure of the vegetation base | substrate based on the 1st Embodiment of this invention, a greening structure, and a greening construction method. (A)-(C) are explanatory drawings which show roughly the structure of the said greening structure. It is a perspective view which shows roughly the structure of the modification of the said vegetation base | substrate. (A) And (B) is a perspective view which shows roughly the structure of the modification of the said greening structure, and another modification. It is explanatory drawing which shows roughly the structure of the vegetation base | substrate based on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention, and a greening method. (A) And (B) is explanatory drawing and a top view which show roughly the structure of the modification of the said greening structure.

Explanation of symbols

1 slope 2 sheet-like member 3 bag-like body A vegetation base

Claims (8)

  A vegetation base comprising a combination of a sheet-like member having a light shielding function and a windproof function and a vegetation part that does not inhibit plant growth.   The vegetation base according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation part is formed by providing a cutout portion in a sheet-like member.   The vegetation base according to claim 1, wherein a sheet-like member having a light-shielding function and a wind-proof function is held on a part of the net-like member, and a portion where the sheet-like member does not exist serves as the vegetation part.   The vegetation base according to claim 1, wherein a net-like member is provided with a sparse portion and a dense portion, the sparse portion forms the vegetation portion, and the dense portion is configured as the sheet-like member.   The vegetation base according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a bag-like body containing a water retention material and / or a vegetation material.   A vegetation base according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the vegetation base is disposed on a slope.   A plurality of sheet-like members having a light-shielding function and a wind-proof function are arranged on a slope so as to provide a portion that is not in close contact with adjacent sheet-like members, and a gap forming a vegetation portion is provided between the sheet-like members. Greening method to do.   A greening structure formed by the greening method according to claim 6 or 7.

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