JP2008148659A - Binder for expanded pellet feed for breeding fish, method for producing expanded pellet feed for breeding fish, and expanded pellet feed for breeding fish - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an expanded pellet (EP) feed suitable as the feed for carnivorous fish such as young yellow tail, and having rich elasticity like gummi candy. <P>SOLUTION: The EP feed is produced by adding and kneading 5-20 wt.% of a 80-100°C aqueous solution containing a binder for the EP feed in 2-10 wt.% concentration, obtained by formulating a CMC-Na having 1.0-1.5 etherification degree and providing 1 wt.% aqueous solution having 10-1,000 mPa s viscosity, and curdlan in a ratio of (5-15 wt.%):(95-5 wt.%) with a feed raw material free from a raw feed and containing a raw material of an animal feed and/or a raw material of a vegetable feed, granulating and forming the resultant product, and drying and solidifying the formed product so as to have 5-15 wt.% water content. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a fish feed for carnivorous fish such as hamachi, more specifically, a binder for expanded pellet pellet feed for fish farming, a method for producing an expanded pellet pellet feed for fish farming using the binder, The present invention also relates to expanded pellet pellet feed for fish farming that is produced by the production method and is rich in gummy-like elasticity.

  Conventionally, raw feeds made from minced or chopped sardines, mackerel, squid, etc. have been used as fish feed for carnivorous fish such as hamachi, but this method is contaminated by sea due to poor predation. However, there were problems such as nutritional bias, feeding effort, and reduced yield. In addition, there are moist pellets in which raw feed is kneaded in a minced form into a mixed feed containing fish meal, plant protein, binding agent, etc., but it takes considerable effort to prepare it, and the finished feed There are problems such as low preservation.

  Therefore, in recent years, expanded pellet pellet feed for fish farming (hereinafter referred to as “expanded pellet feed for fish farming”) obtained by kneading and heating feed raw materials, fat raw materials, binders and water that do not contain raw feed in an extruder. Is sometimes referred to as “EP feed”).

  EP feed is produced by kneading and heating feed raw materials, fat raw materials and water using an extruder. EP feed has high storage stability because it does not use raw food and has low water content, and is excellent in feeding performance with an automatic feeder during feeding. There are many advantages such as being able to produce EP feed.

  In general, EP feeds are made into a form (glossy, glossy, etc.) by utilizing the caking and swelling formation properties of pre-blended pregelatinized starch, such as starch in the blended raw material being alphalated in the extruder. The fineness and shape of the texture are improved, the structure is prevented from collapsing in the sea when fed, and it is prevented from floating on the seawater surface.

Furthermore, a binder for EP feed containing sodium carboxymethylcellulose and an amino acid or protein is disclosed as a binder capable of obtaining the shape, hardness, and shape retention in water of the EP feed (Patent Document 1).
JP 2000-270788 A

  However, with only pregelatinized starch, it is not possible to obtain the desired quality in the form of pellets in water in the conventional EP feed, and the feeding rate of carnivorous fish is rich in gummy-like elasticity. There is a need for a gummy EP feed that can be enhanced.

  The present invention is a fish feed for carnivorous fish such as hamachi, which is excellent in the shape (appearance), hardness (elasticity) and underwater shape retention of the feed, and in particular, an EP feed rich in gummy elasticity. It is an object of the present invention to provide an EP feed binder, a method for producing an EP feed using the binder, and an EP feed.

  As a result of investigations to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has focused on using a combination of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and a polysaccharide guard run as a binder for EP feed, and defines these physical property values and blending amounts. As a result, the inventors have found that the above problems can be solved, and have reached the present invention.

  That is, in the invention described in claim 1, the carboxymethyl cellulose sodium having a degree of etherification of 1.0 to 1.5 and a 1% by weight aqueous solution viscosity of 10 to 1000 mPa · s, Weight%: It is a binding agent for expanded pellet pellet feed for fish farming, which is blended at a ratio of 95 to 85% by weight.

  The invention described in claim 2 is an expanded pellet pellet feed for fish farming according to claim 1 with respect to a feed raw material that contains no animal feed and is mainly composed of animal feed raw materials and / or plant feed raw materials. After adding and kneading an aqueous solution of 80 to 100 ° C. containing a binder for use at a concentration of 2 to 10% by weight, granulating and forming, the resultant is dried to a moisture content of 5 to 15% by weight and solidified. It is the manufacturing method of the expanded pellet feed for fish farming.

  Invention of Claim 3 is the expanded pellet pellet feed for fish farming manufactured with the manufacturing method of Claim 2.

  The EP feed obtained by the present invention has a low moisture content, is excellent in shape (appearance), hardness (elasticity), and shape retention in water, and is particularly rich in gummy-like elasticity. The sucking rate can be increased.

  The binder for EP feed of the present invention is a binder used for granulating and forming fish feed mainly composed of fish meal, plant powder protein, starch and the like that do not contain raw food. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (hereinafter referred to as “CMC-Na”) and guard run are blended at a ratio of 5 to 15% by weight: 95 to 85% by weight. Thus, the kneading of the blended raw materials is made uniform and further blended in a specific amount to improve the gummy elasticity of the EP feed.

  CMC-Na used in the present invention has a degree of etherification of 1.0 to 1.5 and a 1 wt% aqueous solution viscosity of 10 to 1000 mPa · s.

  In the present invention, the CMC-Na has an auxiliary effect of a guard run which is a main component of a binder. That is, since it functions to promote the solution fluidity of the aqueous solution of guard run, it is necessary that the degree of etherification is in the high range of 1.0 to 1.5. If the degree of etherification is less than 1.0, the caking property is insufficient, and the thixotropy characteristic of CMC-Na is developed, which is not preferable. In addition, even if the degree of etherification exceeds 1.5, there is no particular problem, but on the other hand, a large effect cannot be obtained by exceeding 1.5, and a large amount of raw materials are required when producing CMC-Na, resulting in high costs. Therefore, the upper limit of the degree of etherification was set to 1.5.

  Further, by using CMC-Na having a degree of etherification of 1.0 to 1.5 and a high degree of etherification, a gel of a guard run can be stably generated in an aqueous solution with a guard run showing weak alkalinity, Gummy elasticity can be improved.

  The CMC-Na has a 1% by weight aqueous solution viscosity of 10 to 1000 mPa · s. If the aqueous solution viscosity is less than 10 mPa · s, the caking force is insufficient, making granulation molding of EP feed difficult, and the addition amount needs to be increased. When it exceeds 1000 mPa · s, when added to an extruder or the like as an aqueous solution, the aqueous solution is inferior in fluidity due to its high viscosity and cannot be uniformly added, leading to a decrease in quality of EP feed.

  The guard run used in the present invention is a microbial polysaccharide produced by Agrobacterium biovar I, which is a kind of soil fungus, and is close to β-1,3-glucan and has a property of solidifying when heated.

  The guard run is extracted from the solvent solution with alkali and separated from the cells. It has an excellent thickening effect based on inert dietary fiber of white powder with good fluidity obtained by neutralizing and desalting with hydrochloric acid solution and further concentrating and drying the suspension. is there.

  The binder of the present invention contains the above CMC-Na and guard run in a proportion of 5 to 15% by weight of CMC-Na and 95 to 85% by weight of guard run. The blending of the guard run as the main component is that if the guard run rate is less than 85% by weight, the gel run function of the guard run cannot be expressed, and if it exceeds 95% by weight, the guard run of CMC-Na is added uniformly as an auxiliary agent. This is because the effect and the effect of promoting uniform gelation are not expressed.

  The binder is adjusted so that the concentration of the aqueous solution is 2 to 10% by weight, and is completely dissolved in water at 80 to 100 ° C. before use. If the aqueous solution concentration is less than 2% by weight, the thickening effect and gelling effect of the guard run and CMC-Na are not manifested. If the aqueous solution concentration exceeds 10% by weight, uniform addition due to increased viscosity cannot be achieved, and the aqueous solution fluidity is poor. Lack of uniform kneadability and gelation of the EP feed become strong, and the desired gummy elasticity cannot be expressed, resulting in a hard EP feed.

  In addition, when dissolving in 80-100 ° C. water, the guard run does not dissolve in low-temperature water, and when added in an aqueous solution, the higher the temperature, the lower the apparent viscosity and the workability can be improved. Further, since the guard run aqueous solution is gelled when the temperature is lowered, it is necessary to maintain the temperature of 80 to 100 ° C. for use. In addition, normal water (well water, tap water, etc.) can be used for water normally.

  In the binder of the present invention, there is no problem in using guar gum, sodium alginate, tamalide gum, locust bean gum, sesbania gum, pectin, agar, carrageenan, gum arabic, xanthan gum, sodium polyacrylate, and the like.

  Next, the manufacturing method of EP feed of this invention is demonstrated.

  The EP feed of the present invention comprises a feed raw material, a fat and oil raw material, the binder, and water.

  EP feed is composed mainly of the following animal feed raw materials, plant feed raw materials and the like that do not contain raw feed, and the binder of the present invention is dissolved in water at a concentration of 2 to 10% by weight as described above. A 100 ° C. binder aqueous solution is added at 5 to 20% by weight with respect to the feed material, kneaded with an extruder or the like, heated, granulated into pellets, and then dried to a moisture content of 5 to 15% by weight. Solidified and manufactured.

  Animal feed ingredients (fish meal, meat meal, bone meat, krill meal, squid meal, etc.), vegetable feed ingredients (oil meal, soybean meal, soybean meal, wheat flour, defatted rice bran, brewer's yeast meal, gluten meal, etc.) It consists of vitamins and minerals such as starch raw materials or pre-starch starch. The feed material is usually used as a powder.

  Examples of fats and oils include cod liver oil, walleye liver oil, sardine oil, soybean oil, and cottonseed oil.

  As the water, ordinary water (well water, tap water, etc.) can be used.

  The fat and oil raw materials are in the range of 5 to 30% by weight with respect to the feed raw materials, and the water is also added in an amount of 5 to 20% by weight.

  The addition of the binder aqueous solution to the feed raw material is not particularly limited and may be performed by any method. For example, when the feed raw material is supplied to the extruder, the adhesive is added in the same manner as the addition of water and fats and oils. A binder aqueous solution can be added together.

  The addition amount of the binder aqueous solution is 5 to 20% by weight with respect to the feed raw material. If the addition amount is less than 5% by weight, the caking force is weak and the shape retention and gummy elasticity of the EP feed are poor, and if it exceeds 20% by weight, the hardness tends to increase and the supplementary property tends to decrease.

  For example, an extruder can be used for kneading and forming the EP feed. The extruder used may be uniaxial or biaxial, but the biaxial type is generally preferred because it can be uniformly kneaded.

The extrusion pressure of the extruder is preferably 3 to 25 kg / cm ² , more preferably 3 to 20 kg / cm ² . If it is less than 3 kg / cm ² , it is difficult to extrude uniformly because the feed raw material cannot be sufficiently expanded. If it exceeds 25 kg / cm ² , the swelling becomes excessive and it becomes difficult to maintain the shape of the EP feed, which tends to be an irregular EP feed.

  The die diameter of the extruder extrusion can be varied depending on the size of the feed. The size of the feed is determined by the size and type of fish farming, and a die having a diameter of 1 to 30 mmφ is usually used.

  The temperature inside the extruder when using the extruder is preferably 80 to 130 ° C, more preferably 90 to 120 ° C. When the temperature is less than 80 ° C., it is difficult to sufficiently homogenize the feed, and when the temperature exceeds 130 ° C., fish meal as a raw material is easily burned by heat.

  The water content in the feed during kneading is preferably 10 to 40%. If the water content is less than 10%, it is difficult to knead and homogenize the feed material sufficiently in the extruder, and if it exceeds 40%, the water content of the shaped EP feed becomes high and much energy is required for drying. Become.

  Since the water content of the EP feed obtained by kneading and molding with the extruder is usually 10 to 50%, it is necessary to adjust the water content to 5 to 15% by weight. In addition, gummy elasticity and shape retention in water can be improved, and rot during storage can be prevented. The moisture content can be adjusted, for example, by heating and drying the EP feed formed by the extruder in a high-temperature dryer.

  Further, the hardness of the EP feed is preferably 2 to 10 kg, more preferably 3 to 10 kg, as measured by a hardness meter. If it is less than 2 kg, the EP feed tends to collapse, and if it exceeds 10 kg, there is no particular problem, but it is not necessary to increase the hardness more than necessary.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

  CMC-Na and guard run (“Guard Run” manufactured by Takeda Kirin Foods Co., Ltd.) having the degree of etherification and the 1 wt% aqueous solution viscosity described in Table 1 (Examples 1-9) and Table 2 (Comparative Examples 1-9) And an aqueous binder solution prepared by dissolving the binder in the mixing ratio shown in the table in 80 to 100 ° C. water at the addition rate shown in the table.

  The measurement of the degree of etherification of CMC-Na and the concentration of 1 wt% anhydrous aqueous solution was performed by the following method.

[moisture]
The water samples 1 to 2 g were precisely weighed in a weighing bottle, dried in a low temperature dryer at 105 ± 2 ° C. for 2 hours, and the water content of CMC-Na was calculated from the weight loss (g) using the following formula (1).
Moisture (%) = (weight loss (g) / sample (g)) × 100 (1)

[Viscosity of 1 wt% anhydrous aqueous solution]
A 2.5-g sample was precisely weighed in a 300-ml tall beaker, and the amount of dissolved water obtained by the following equation (2) was added, and the sample was dispersed with a glass rod.
Water amount of 1% by weight aqueous solution (g) = sample (g) × (99−water content (%)) (2)
As the moisture, the moisture value of the above equation (1) is used. The aqueous solution was allowed to stand overnight, stirred for about 5 minutes with a magnetic stirrer to make a complete solution, and then the solution was brought to 25 ° C. in a 25 ° C. constant temperature bath for 30 minutes. After that, after gently stirring with a glass rod, an appropriate rotor and guard of a BM type viscometer were attached, the scale after 3 minutes of rotation was read at 60 rpm, and the viscosity was calculated using the following equation (3). .
Viscosity (mPa · s) = Reading scale × Coefficient …… (3)

[Degree of etherification]
1.0 g of CMC-Na was precisely weighed and incinerated at 600 ° C. in a magnetic crucible. Sodium oxide produced by ashing was titrated with N / 10 sulfuric acid using phenolphthalein as an indicator. The titration amounts of Aml and N / 10 sulfuric acid Using the titer f, the degree of etherification was calculated using the following formula (4).
Degree of etherification = (162 × A × f) / (10000−80 × A × f) (4)

[EP feed production method]
The EP feed material used was a powder material containing 60 parts by weight of fish meal, 20 parts by weight of pregelatinized tapioca starch, 10 parts by weight of defatted soybean meal, 5 parts by weight of defatted rice bran, and 5 parts by weight of brewer's yeast meal. .

  An aqueous binder solution of 80 to 100 ° C. was added to the EP feed material according to the addition ratios shown in Tables 1 and 2 and mixed well. Next, 40% by weight of water and 15% by weight of feed oil as an oil / fat raw material were added to the EP feed raw material, and the mixture was subjected to a biaxial extruder.

The extruder used an alpha riser type 70 made by Suehiro EMI and operated under the following conditions.
Molding pressure: 4.0 to 4.5 kg / cm ²
Barrel temperature: 90-100 ° C
Pellet die diameter: 8mmφ

  A cutter was set so that the length of the EP feed was 10 mm to produce a pellet-shaped EP feed. The finished EP feed was dried in a dryer at 105 ± 1 ° C. to produce an EP feed having a water content of 5 to 15% by weight.

  In order to completely gel the binder in the obtained EP feed, it was allowed to stand at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 15 hours or longer to complete the EP feed.

  The water content, appearance, hardness, elasticity, and water content of the EP feed were evaluated by the following methods. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[Moisture content]
10 g of EP feed was placed in a weighing bottle and allowed to stand in a constant temperature dryer at 105 ± 5 ° C. for 4 hours, and then the weight loss after drying was measured to obtain the water content (%) from the following formula (5).
Moisture content (%) = (weight loss after drying (%) / EP feed before drying (g)) × 100 (5)

[appearance]
The appearance was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: Glossy and fine texture is very good.
○: The gloss and texture are slightly lacking.
Δ: Glossy and rough.
X: Glossy, rough and rough.

[hardness]
It was measured with a hardness meter. The pressure was applied to the EP feed, and the time when the EP feed collapsed or cracked was defined as hardness (kg).

[Elasticity]
The state of elasticity when the EP feed was picked with a finger was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: Excellent elasticity even when picked strongly, and restores to its original shape when the force is removed.
○: When picked strongly, it is elastic, but cracks occur and restoration to the original is poor.
Δ: When picked strongly, it feels elastic, but cracks do not recover.
X: Hard state without elasticity.

[Water absorption]
50 g of EP feed was soaked in 200 ml of pure water, taken out 30 minutes later, drained on a wire mesh, the weight increased by water absorption was taken as the weight difference before and after water absorption, and the amount of water absorption (%) was determined from the following equation (6). Larger water absorption is better.
Water absorption (%) = (Increased weight / EP feed weight before water absorption) × 100 (6)

  The EP feed produced using the binder for EP feed of the present invention is suitable as a feed for raising fish of carnivorous fish such as hamachi.

Claims (3)

  A carboxymethyl cellulose sodium having a degree of etherification of 1.0 to 1.5 and a 1% by weight aqueous solution viscosity of 10 to 1000 mPa · s and a guard run in a ratio of 5 to 15% by weight: 95 to 85% by weight. A binder for expanded pellet pellet feed for fish farming, characterized by being formulated.   The concentration of the binding agent for expanded pellet pellets for fish farming according to claim 1 in a concentration of 2 to 10 with respect to a feed raw material mainly comprising an animal feed raw material and / or a vegetable feed raw material that does not contain a raw feed Expanded pellet feed for fish farming characterized in that it is kneaded and granulated and molded by adding 5 to 20% by weight of an 80-100 ° C aqueous solution containing 5% by weight, followed by drying and solidifying to a moisture content of 5 to 15% by weight. Manufacturing method.   An expanded pellet pellet feed for fish farming produced by the production method according to claim 2.