JP2008145233A - Landmark displaying apparatus, on-vehicle navigation apparatus, and on-vehicle navigation system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide most effective information on constructions or name of places to be guided for existing position and the moving route of a user even though constructions or name of places change every moment while the user is moving. <P>SOLUTION: The co-occurrence number of the appearance frequencies of the name of landmarks and the name of important spots nearby the landmarks at the same time in the sentences on the WEB is calculated for each landmark, then the co-occurrence number calculated by a co-occurrence number calculating means is correlated with the name of important spots and the name of the landmarks corresponding to the co-occurrence number to be stored as a co-occurrence table. Landmarks existing around the route from the present position of a vehicle to the destination are extracted. The co-occurrence number information involving the extracted landmarks are ranked from the larger one of co-occurrence number. In the ranked co-occurrence number information, the highest ranked co-occurrence number information is selected and the landmark corresponding to the selected co-occurrence number information is displayed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  When presenting landmarks as landmarks existing near the route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination, the present invention increases the priority of landmarks that are not used by the driver during actual vehicle movement. By preventing this, even if the building or place name that should be used as a landmark during the movement of the user changes every moment, the user's location and the information on the building or place name that is most effective in the movement route are presented to the user. Regarding technology.

  There are known navigation devices that display the current position of the vehicle as it travels along with the road map on the monitor, set an appropriate route from the current location to the destination, and provide route guidance. It contributes to the drive. For example, in the route guidance by such a navigation device, an instruction to turn such as “Please turn left 300 m ahead” is given by voice or the like before an intersection on the route from the current location to the destination. In addition to the present location, purpose, and route, navigation devices that display a mark indicating a predetermined facility such as a gas station or a restaurant on a map are also known. This is effective when traveling.

  For information on road maps and facilities, it is common to use various types of information stored in recording media such as DVDs and HDDs, but in-vehicle information that can be used by acquiring various types of information on the network in recent years. Services are also provided. Such an in-vehicle information service provides various services having high added value using a large amount of information stored in a server and a high processing capability of the server, and can be used in a navigation device.

  However, a conventional so-called “distance-based” guidance method such as route guidance in the above-described navigation device is effective for a processing device such as a CPU of the navigation device to calculate, but the concept of this distance is actually However, it is difficult for the driver to recognize spatially when driving from the current location to the destination.

  On the other hand, according to research on urban cognitive engineering by scholars such as Lynch, information on landmarks as “land goals” such as mountains and high-rise buildings is a powerful means for humans to recognize spatially. It is supposed to be.

  Note that the above-described information on landmarks is also used in conventional navigation devices by displaying a mark indicating a predetermined facility such as a gas station or a restaurant on a map. At present, priority is not set, and only preset landmarks such as a specific genre are displayed uniformly. For this reason, there are the following problems. That is, when a map area having many facilities such as intersections is displayed on the display, marks indicating these facilities are displayed densely, making it difficult to check the current position, destination, route, and the like of the vehicle. On the other hand, when a map area with a small number of set facilities is displayed on the display, marks indicating these facilities are displayed in a scattered manner, making it easy to check the current position, destination, route, etc. of the vehicle. User convenience is low because there are few facilities.

  Further, in the navigation apparatus as described above, since the priority is not set for the landmark as described above, it is difficult to effectively convey information about the landmark to the driver by voice. Therefore, when handling landmarks, it is considered necessary to preset priorities by, for example, quantifying the relationship between landmarks and to inform the driver of landmarks with high priorities.

  Therefore, in order to solve the above-described problem, when a priority is set in advance for each facility, and a map area having many facilities such as intersections is displayed on the display, the facility with a higher priority is displayed. The technique which performs is known (for example, refer patent document 1). As a result, even when a map area with many facilities such as intersections is displayed on the display, the current position, destination, route, etc. of the vehicle can be easily confirmed.

Similarly, in order to solve the above-described problem, a technique for changing the display color for each type of facility is known (see, for example, Patent Document 2). As a result, when a map area with many facilities such as intersections is displayed on the display, the vehicle's current location, destination, route, etc. can be confirmed even if the marks indicating these facilities are displayed densely. It can be made easier.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-239078 JP 2002-39780 A

  However, in the above-described navigation device, the priority of the facility is set or calculated in advance based on general elements such as attributes (genre), so that it is not used by the driver when the vehicle actually moves. There was a risk that the priority of the landmark would be high.

Note that the methods described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above are prioritized methods that take vehicle behavior (vehicle speed) into consideration, and do not refer to meaning elements of landmarks.
The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and the object of the present invention is to provide actual landmarks when presenting landmarks in the vicinity of the route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination. By preventing the priority of landmarks that are not used by the driver from moving when the vehicle is moving, the location of the user even if the building or place name that should be used as a landmark changes during the movement. In addition, information on a building or a place name that is most effective on the moving route is presented to the user.

  The landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 1 for solving the above-mentioned problems (1: In this section, in order to facilitate understanding of the invention, “the best mode for carrying out the invention” is necessary as necessary. The symbol used in the column is attached, but it does not mean that the claim is limited by this symbol.) Presents landmarks that have many simultaneous occurrences with the names of important points in the vicinity. A landmark to be selected is selected, and the selected landmark is presented.

  Specifically, the map information storage means (53) stores map information including landmark information relating to landmarks that serve as landmarks during movement, and the co-occurrence number calculating means (54) stores the names of the landmarks. The number of co-occurrence, which is the frequency at which the name of the key point existing near the landmark occurs simultaneously in the text on the web, is calculated for each landmark, and the co-occurrence number storage means (55) calculates the co-occurrence number. The “number of co-occurrence” calculated by the means is associated with “name of key point” and “name of landmark” corresponding to the number of co-occurrence and stored as “co-occurrence number information”. Further, the target range information acquisition means (74) acquires information on the location related to the purpose of movement of the user, and the landmark extraction means (75) refers to the stored contents of the map information storage means, A landmark existing around the place acquired by the range information acquisition means is extracted. Further, the ranking means (76) reads the co-occurrence number information including the landmarks extracted by the landmark extracting means, and ranks the read co-occurrence number information in descending order of the co-occurrence number values. The selecting means (92) selects the co-occurrence number information having the highest rank among the co-occurrence number information ranked by the ranking means, and the presenting means (93) selects the co-occurrence selected by the selecting means. The landmark corresponding to the numerical information is presented.

  In a conventional navigation device, a target that is not used by the driver when the vehicle is actually moved, because the priority of the facility is preset or calculated based on general elements such as attributes (genre). There was a possibility that the priority of would become high.

  On the other hand, according to the landmark presenting device of the present invention, a landmark having a large number of simultaneous occurrences with the names of important points existing in the vicinity thereof is selected as a landmark to be presented, and the selected landmark is selected. Present. As a result, when presenting landmarks as landmarks that exist near the route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination, the priority of landmarks that are not used by the user (driver) during actual vehicle movement By preventing the height from rising, even if the building or place name that should be used as a landmark during the movement of the user changes every moment, the information on the location or name of the building that is most effective in the user's location and movement route is used. Can be presented to the person.

  As a specific example of the destination range information, it is conceivable that the destination range information is route information related to a route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination. Specifically, as in claim 2, the target range information acquisition means acquires route information related to the route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination, and the landmark extraction means exists around the acquired route. It is conceivable to extract landmarks to be used.

  Further, as a specific example of the target range information, it can be considered to be peripheral information related to a place designated by the user. Specifically, as in claim 3, the target range information acquisition means acquires peripheral information related to the place designated by the user, and the landmark extraction means acquires landmarks present around the acquired place. It is possible to extract.

  In this case, it is conceivable to extract N landmarks in order of increasing distance from the important point. Specifically, as in claim 4, the landmark extracting means refers to the stored contents of the map information storing means, and among the landmarks present around the place acquired by the target range information acquiring means, It is conceivable that N landmarks are extracted in order of increasing distance from the location. For example, if there are three stations closest to a building A, the nearest station on the route is not necessarily the closest station on the route, so N For example, the station name is taken as a nearby station. If comprised in this way, the influence of not only a physical distance but the traffic element can be excluded.

  By the way, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, it is conceivable to select a landmark having a large number of simultaneous occurrences of the name and address of the landmark as a landmark to be presented and present the selected landmark.

  Specifically, as in claim 5, the map information storage means stores map information including landmark information relating to landmarks that serve as landmarks during movement, and the co-occurrence number calculating means includes the name of the landmark. For each landmark, the co-occurrence number storage means calculates the “co-occurrence number” calculated by the co-occurrence number calculation means. ”And“ landmark name ”and“ landmark address ”corresponding to the co-occurrence number are stored in association with each other as co-occurrence number information. Further, the target range information acquisition means acquires information on a place related to the purpose of the user's movement, and the landmark extraction means refers to the stored contents of the map information storage means and is acquired by the target range information acquisition means. The landmark which exists in the circumference of the done place is extracted. Further, the ranking unit reads the co-occurrence number information including the landmarks extracted by the landmark extracting unit, and ranks the read co-occurrence number information in descending order of the co-occurrence number values. The selecting means selects the co-occurrence number information having the highest rank among the co-occurrence number information ranked by the ranking means, and the presenting means selects the land corresponding to the co-occurrence number information selected by the selection means. Present the mark.

  If comprised in this way, the information regarding the building or place name which becomes effective in a user's presence position and movement route can be shown to a user. In particular, it is possible to extract mainly commercial facilities such as store names.

  As a specific example of the destination range information, as described above, it may be route information regarding a route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination. Specifically, as in claim 6, the destination range information acquisition means acquires route information relating to the route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination, and the landmark extraction means exists around the acquired route. It is conceivable to extract landmarks to be used.

  In addition, as a specific example of the target range information, as described above, it may be peripheral information related to a place designated by the user. Specifically, as in claim 7, the target range information acquisition means acquires peripheral information related to a place designated by the user, and the landmark extraction means acquires landmarks present around the acquired place. It is possible to extract.

  In this case, it is conceivable to change the length of the address name depending on the size of the geographical range to be extracted. Specifically, as in claim 8, the landmark extracting means may change the address name according to the size of the geographical range when extracting the landmarks present around the place. It is done. For example, the address of the building called “Aichi Prefectural Art Center” in Nagoya is officially “Higashizakura 1-cho 13, Higashi-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi Prefecture”. Use up to "Higashi-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture", or use "Higashizakura, Higashi-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture" as the address name if the range to be narrowed is the ward level range. If comprised in this way, a search range can be controlled according to the request | requirement to extract.

  By the way, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, it is considered that a landmark having a large number of simultaneous occurrences of the name of the landmark and the wide-area name of the location is selected as a landmark to be presented and the selected landmark is presented. It is done.

  Specifically, as described in claim 9, the map information storage means stores map information including landmark information relating to landmarks that serve as landmarks during movement, and the co-occurrence number calculation means includes the name of the landmark. And the co-occurrence number storage means is calculated by the co-occurrence number calculating means. The “co-occurrence number” and the “landmark name” and the “wide-area name of the location of the landmark” corresponding to the co-occurrence number are associated and stored as co-occurrence number information. Here, the “wide area name” refers to a name used to indicate an area where a general building exists such as “Nagoya City” or “Kyoto City”. Further, the target range information acquisition means acquires information on a place related to the purpose of the user's movement, and the landmark extraction means refers to the stored contents of the map information storage means and is acquired by the target range information acquisition means. The landmark which exists in the circumference of the done place is extracted. Further, the ranking unit reads the co-occurrence number information including the landmarks extracted by the landmark extracting unit, and ranks the read co-occurrence number information in descending order of the co-occurrence number values. The selecting means selects the co-occurrence number information having the highest rank among the co-occurrence number information ranked by the ranking means, and the presenting means selects the land corresponding to the co-occurrence number information selected by the selection means. Present the mark.

  With this configuration, even if the building or place name that should be used as a landmark during the movement of the user changes every moment, the user's location and the information related to the building or place name that is effective in the movement route are given to the user. Can be presented.

  As a specific example of the destination range information, as described above, it may be route information regarding a route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination. Specifically, as in claim 10, the destination range information acquisition means acquires route information relating to the route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination, and the landmark extraction means exists around the acquired route. It is conceivable to extract landmarks to be used.

  In addition, as a specific example of the target range information, as described above, it may be peripheral information related to a place designated by the user. Specifically, as in claim 11, the target range information acquisition means acquires peripheral information related to a place designated by the user, and the landmark extraction means acquires landmarks present around the acquired place. It is possible to extract.

  In this case, it is conceivable to change the wide area name depending on the size of the geographical range to be extracted. Specifically, as in claim 12, the landmark extracting means may change the wide area name depending on the size of the geographical area when extracting the landmarks present around the place. It is done. For example, when narrowing down buildings in Nagoya city, the wide area name is “Nagoya City”, but when narrowing down in a larger geographical area, use a name that indicates a wider area, such as “Aichi Prefecture”. On the other hand, when narrowing down a small range in units of wards, a name indicating a small range such as “Naka Ward” is used for a wide area name. If comprised in this way, the wide area name suitable for the geographic range to narrow down can be utilized, and the precision of ranking can be improved.

  By the way, the method using one kind of spatial context as described above has a problem that it is vulnerable to noise. For example, the above-described method of claim 5 has an advantage that it has a strong property of indicating a spatial context, but has a problem of low appearance frequency. In addition, the method of claim 9 has the advantage of high frequency, but has the problem of high noise.

  Therefore, it is conceivable to average the calculated numerical values and then rank them based on the results. Specifically, as in claim 13, when the ranking means ranks the co-occurrence number information, the co-occurrence number information including the landmarks extracted by the landmark extraction means is read, It is possible to normalize the numerical value of the co-occurrence number included in the read co-occurrence number information, calculate the average value, and rank the co-occurrence number information in descending order of the calculated average value of the co-occurrence number. . If comprised in this way, the influence by noise can be reduced by combining a some method.

  It is also conceivable to calculate the average value of the above-mentioned co-occurrence numbers using a threshold method. Specifically, as in claim 14, the ranking means may rank the co-occurrence number information in which the average value of the co-occurrence numbers included in the co-occurrence number information is larger than a predetermined threshold. . With this configuration, it is possible to reduce noise that causes a landmark to co-occur with a spatial context word for purposes other than the purpose as a landmark.

  Note that, since the performance characteristics (PR characteristics) are different in each of the above-described methods, it is conceivable to select a calculation method with reference to the number of usages based on the characteristic data. Specifically, as in claim 15, when the ranking means calculates the average value of the co-occurrence numbers included in the co-occurrence number information, the calculation method can be selected with reference to the number of usages. Conceivable. For example, when the number of landmarks to be used is 1 to 6, the method according to claim 1 is used, while when the number of landmarks to be used is 7 or more, claim 4 is used. For example, the described method is used. Note that the threshold in this case can be switched by setting. With this configuration, by selecting a method suitable for the characteristics, high accuracy can be maintained regardless of whether the number of landmarks used is large or small.

  By the way, a method of using the result of co-occurrence calculation by a general-purpose search engine on a network can be considered. Specifically, as in claim 16, when the ranking means ranks the co-occurrence number information, the result of the co-occurrence calculation by the general-purpose search engine on the network is acquired, and the acquired co-occurrence It is conceivable to calculate the average value of the co-occurrence numbers included in the calculation results and rank the co-occurrence number information in descending order of the calculated average value of the co-occurrence numbers.

  With this configuration, by utilizing the API of the general-purpose search engine for calculating the number of co-occurrence as described above, a series of processing can be performed entirely on the vehicle without using a server. By performing the co-occurrence calculation using the API of the engine, the co-occurrence calculation process can be simplified, and a series of processes can be executed even with a low-speed, low-capacity terminal. As a result, the service described above can be provided without a server.

  In this case, it is conceivable to dynamically select a traffic point using a route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination. Specifically, as described in claim 17, when the ranking means ranks the co-occurrence number information, the traffic points are moved using the route calculated from the current position of the user and the destination. Can be selected. In this configuration, instead of selecting a traffic point based on the distance from the building, the nearest traffic point is selected from the travel route and the number of co-occurrence between the selected traffic point and the building is selected. Since the number of occurrences is ranked, it is possible to select an appropriate point from the movement route.

In addition, about each method of the said Claims 1-18, it is not limited only to a driver | operator, but general users, such as a navigation using a mobile telephone, can also be utilized.
It is also conceivable to select a traffic point using the current display scale. Specifically, as in claim 18, when ranking means ranks the co-occurrence number information, it is conceivable to select a traffic point using the current display scale. With this configuration, instead of selecting a traffic point based on the distance from the building, select the nearest traffic point from the display scale of the current navigation screen and select the selected traffic point and the building. Since the number of co-occurrence is ranked from the number of co-occurrence, it is possible to select a traffic point that matches the usage range of the user (driver).

  By the way, in the above-described method, it is conceivable to further limit the document set by co-occurrence with automobile-related terms. Specifically, as in claim 19, when the ranking means obtains the result of the co-occurrence calculation by the general-purpose search engine on the network when ranking the co-occurrence number information, It is conceivable to limit the document set by co-occurrence. The term “automobile-related terms” here is assumed to be words such as “parking lot”, “automobile”, and “car”, for example. With this configuration, it is possible to limit the document set to be used only to the automobile-related set, and it is possible to reduce noise caused by an unrelated document set.

  By the way, it is possible to implement | achieve various functions which the above-mentioned landmark presentation apparatus plays as a vehicle-mounted navigation apparatus. Specifically, as described in claim 20, the above-described vehicle-mounted navigation device includes the landmark presenting device according to any one of claims 1 to 19 and the map information storage unit of the landmark presenting device. Display means for displaying the landmark selected by the selection means of the landmark presenting device together with the map information around the landmark based on the stored map information. If comprised in this way, the landmark corresponding to the real-time situation of a vehicle can be shown to a user (driver).

Moreover, it is possible to implement | achieve as a vehicle-mounted navigation system about the various functions which the above-mentioned landmark presentation apparatus show | plays.
Specifically, as described in claim 21, the above-described vehicle-mounted navigation system includes a center, a vehicle-mounted device, and a vehicle-mounted navigation device, and various types are provided between the center, the vehicle-mounted device, and the vehicle-mounted navigation device. It is configured to be able to send and receive data.

  Among these, the center includes map information storage means, co-occurrence number calculation means, and co-occurrence number storage means included in the landmark presenting device according to any one of claims 1 to 19. The vehicle-mounted device includes a target range information acquisition unit, a landmark extraction unit, and a ranking unit included in the landmark presenting device according to any one of claims 1 to 19. And the vehicle-mounted navigation apparatus is provided with the selection means and the presentation means with which the landmark presentation apparatus in any one of Claims 1-19 is equipped.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[First embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of an in-vehicle navigation system 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the server 50. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the vehicle-mounted device 70.

[Description of configuration of in-vehicle navigation system 100]
As shown in FIG. 1, the in-vehicle navigation system 100 includes a server 50, an in-vehicle device 70, and an in-vehicle navigation device 90. The server 50 is configured to be connectable to the public network 60 via wireless. Further, the vehicle-mounted device 70 is configured to be connectable to the public network 60 via one or a plurality of wireless access media.

[Description of Configuration of Server 50]
As shown in FIG. 2, the server 50 includes a collection unit 51 that periodically collects WEB content 80 on the Internet, a text database 52 that stores the WEB content collected by the collection unit 51, landmark data, and traffic information. A facility database 53 for storing place data, an analysis / extraction unit 54 that analyzes the WEB content stored in the text database 52 with reference to the facility database 53, and extracts landmark information for each geographical information, and analysis / extraction A co-occurrence database 55 that stores the landmark information extracted by the unit 54 as a co-occurrence table; a distribution unit 56 that reads the co-occurrence number information from the co-occurrence table stored in the co-occurrence database 55 and distributes the information to the vehicle-mounted device 70; It has.

The “co-occurrence table” stored in the above-described co-occurrence database 55 is a table in which a building name, a traffic name, and the number of co-occurrence are associated with each other.
The facility database 53 corresponds to a map information storage unit. The analysis / extraction unit 54 corresponds to a co-occurrence number calculation unit. The co-occurrence database 55 corresponds to a co-occurrence number storage unit.

[Description of the configuration of the vehicle-mounted device 70]
As shown in FIG. 3, the vehicle-mounted device 70 includes a co-occurrence data acquisition unit 71 that acquires co-occurrence number information from the server 50, and a co-occurrence data database that stores the co-occurrence number information acquired by the co-occurrence data acquisition unit 71. 72 and the facility database 73 that stores landmark information extracted separately from the landmark information stored in the server 50, and route information regarding the route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination is acquired from the outside (navigation device). With reference to the landmark information stored in the route information acquisition unit 74 and the facility database 73, the landmarks existing around the route acquired by the route information acquisition unit 74 are extracted, and the extracted landmarks are shared. A co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75 that reads out occurrence number information from the co-occurrence data database 72, and a co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75 Comprising the extracted landmark and ranking processing unit 76 to rank with reference to the co-occurrence number information co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75 has extracted, the.

  The route information acquisition unit 74 corresponds to a target range information acquisition unit. The co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75 corresponds to landmark extraction means. The ranking processing unit 76 corresponds to ranking means.

[Description of configuration of in-vehicle navigation device 90]
The in-vehicle navigation device 90 acquires the order of the co-occurrence number set by the in-vehicle device 70 and information on the ranked landmarks from the in-vehicle device 70, and the “order” acquired by the acquisition unit 91. Referring to, a selection unit 92 that selects the highest-ranked co-occurrence number information among the ranked co-occurrence number information, and a presentation that presents a landmark corresponding to the co-occurrence number information selected by the selection unit 92 Part 93.

The selection unit 92 corresponds to selection means. The presentation unit 93 corresponds to a presentation unit.
[Explanation of co-occurrence table creation procedure]
Next, a procedure for creating a co-occurrence table executed by the server 50 of the in-vehicle navigation system 100 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 4 and FIG. In addition, FIG. 7 is explanatory drawing explaining the ranking method using a key point name.

This procedure is executed when the power of the server 50 is turned on and power is supplied to each component of the server 50.
First, a landmark candidate (landmark) is selected with reference to the facility database 53 (S110).

Subsequently, referring to the facility database 53, a candidate for the nearest traffic point is selected from the landmarks selected in S110 (S120).
Subsequently, referring to the text database 52, for each landmark candidate (landmark) selected in S120, the number of co-occurrence with the traffic center is calculated (S130), and the calculated co-occurrence number is calculated as the co-occurrence database. (S140). Specifically, the calculated number of co-occurrence, the name of the building, and the name of the traffic location are associated and registered in the co-occurrence table (see “co-occurrence table” in FIG. 7).

  Subsequently, it is determined whether or not the number of co-occurrence has been calculated for all the facilities (S150). When it is determined that the number of co-occurrence has not been calculated for all facilities (S150: NO), the process returns to S110. On the other hand, if it is determined that the number of co-occurrence has been calculated for all the facilities (S150: YES), this process is terminated.

[Description of Landmark Ranking Process (1)]
Next, the landmark ranking process executed by the vehicle-mounted device 70 of the vehicle-mounted navigation system 100 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 5 and FIG. This process is executed when an accessory power supply of a vehicle (not shown) is turned on and power is supplied to the vehicle-mounted device 70.

  First, route information regarding the route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination is acquired from the in-vehicle navigation device (S210). Subsequently, N landmark candidates nearest to the route are selected from the facility database (S220). The variable N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Further, the co-occurrence number information including the extracted landmark is read from the co-occurrence table (S230), and the read co-occurrence number information is ranked in descending order of the value of the co-occurrence number (S240). And the information regarding the ranking and the ranked landmark is transmitted to the vehicle-mounted navigation device (S250).

  In this case, for the co-occurrence of the landmark candidate and the traffic point, the lower the recall rate, the higher the relevance rate, and the tendency becomes remarkable when the recall value is 0.2 or less ( (See graph (A) in FIG. 6).

[Description of landmark presentation process]
Next, a landmark presentation process executed by the in-vehicle navigation device 90 of the in-vehicle navigation system 100 will be described with reference to FIG. This process is executed when an accessory power source of a vehicle (not shown) is turned on and power is supplied to the vehicle-mounted navigation device 90.

  First, information about the ranking and the ranked landmarks is received. Subsequently, with reference to the received rank, the highest rank co-occurrence number information is selected from the ranked co-occurrence number information. Further, a landmark corresponding to the selected co-occurrence number information is presented (see FIG. 7).

Then, this process ends.
[Effect of the first embodiment]
(1) Thus, according to the vehicle-mounted navigation system 100 of the first embodiment, the following operational effects are obtained. That is, the number of co-occurrence, which is the frequency at which the name of the landmark and the name of the key point existing near the landmark occur simultaneously in the text on the web, is calculated for each landmark, and calculated by the co-occurrence number calculating means. The “number of co-occurrence” and “name of key point” and “name of landmark” corresponding to the number of co-occurrence are associated and stored as a co-occurrence number table. A landmark existing around the route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination is extracted. The co-occurrence number information including the extracted landmarks is ranked in descending order of the co-occurrence number value. Of the ranked co-occurrence number information, the co-occurrence number information having the highest rank is selected, and a landmark corresponding to the selected co-occurrence number information is presented. As a result, when presenting landmarks as landmarks that exist near the route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination, the priority of landmarks that are not used by the user (driver) during actual vehicle movement By preventing the height from increasing, even if the building or place name that should be used as a landmark during the movement of the user changes every moment, the information on the location or name of the building that is most effective in the user's location and movement route is used. Can be presented to the person.

  (2) Moreover, according to the vehicle-mounted navigation system 100 of the first embodiment, in the landmark processing, route information regarding the route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination is acquired from the vehicle-mounted navigation device (S210), and the facility N nearest landmark candidates on the route are selected from the database (S220). This eliminates the influence of traffic elements, not just physical distances.

[Other Embodiments]
As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, It is possible to implement in the following various aspects.

  (1) By providing each configuration of the in-vehicle navigation system 100 according to the above-described embodiment in the in-vehicle navigation system, the in-vehicle navigation device performs various functions exhibited by the in-vehicle navigation system 100 according to the above embodiment. It may be.

  (2) In addition, by providing the vehicle-mounted device with the components included in the vehicle-mounted navigation system 100 of the above-described embodiment, the vehicle-mounted device performs various functions performed by the vehicle-mounted navigation system 100 of the above-described embodiment. Also good. In this case, the in-vehicle device corresponds to the landmark presenting device in the claims.

  (3) When executing the landmark ranking process, in S230 and S240, the co-occurrence number information including the extracted landmark is read from the co-occurrence table, and the read co-occurrence number information is the co-occurrence number. Instead of ranking in descending order of the values of the co-occurrence, the average value of the co-occurrence number included in the read co-occurrence number information is normalized and then the average value is calculated. The co-occurrence number information may be ranked.

  In this case, as shown in FIG. 10, first, the number of co-occurrence between the name of the landmark and the traffic point, the number of co-occurrence between the name of the landmark and the address name of the landmark, and the name of the landmark and the landmark The co-occurrence numbers with the wide-area names are calculated (S310). Subsequently, the calculated numerical values are standardized (S320), and the standardized numerical values are combined (S330). Subsequently, the combined numerical values are ranked (S340).

In this way, the influence of noise can be reduced by combining a plurality of methods.
(4) In this case, ranking may be performed for the co-occurrence number information in which the average value of the co-occurrence numbers included in the co-occurrence number information is larger than a predetermined threshold. In this way, it is possible to reduce noise that causes a landmark to co-occur with a spatial context word for purposes other than the purpose as a landmark.

  (5) As described above, when calculating the average value of the co-occurrence numbers included in the co-occurrence number information, the calculation method may be selected with reference to the number of usages. For example, when the number of landmarks to be used is 1 to 6, all landmarks are selected as the nearest landmark candidates on the route, while the number of landmarks to be used is 7 In the case of more than, the nearest landmark candidates N on the route are selected as landmark candidates as in the first embodiment. The variable N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. It is conceivable that the threshold value in this case can be switched by setting. In this way, by selecting a method suitable for the characteristics, high accuracy can be maintained regardless of whether the number of landmarks used is large or small.

  (6) When calculating the average value of the co-occurrence numbers included in the co-occurrence number information as described above, the result of the co-occurrence calculation by the general-purpose search engine on the network is used as illustrated in FIG. The average value of the co-occurrence number included in the acquired co-occurrence calculation result may be calculated, and the co-occurrence number information may be ranked in descending order of the calculated average value of the co-occurrence number.

  The landmark ranking process (2) executed by the vehicle-mounted device 70 of the vehicle-mounted navigation system 100 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. This process is executed when an accessory power supply of a vehicle (not shown) is turned on and power is supplied to the vehicle-mounted device 70.

  First, route information regarding a route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination is acquired from the in-vehicle navigation device (S410). Subsequently, N landmark candidates nearest to the route are selected from the facility database (S420). The variable N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Further, for each landmark candidate, the number of co-occurrence with the traffic point is calculated using a search engine on the WEB (S430), and the calculated co-occurrence number is ranked in descending order of the value (S440). And the information regarding the ranking and the ranked landmark is transmitted to the vehicle-mounted navigation device (S450).

  In this way, by using the API of the general-purpose search engine for the above-mentioned calculation of the number of co-occurrence, a series of processing can be performed entirely on the vehicle without using a server. By performing the co-occurrence calculation using the API of the engine, the co-occurrence calculation process can be simplified, and a series of processes can be executed even with a low-speed, low-capacity terminal. As a result, the service described above can be provided without a server.

  (7) Further, when executing the landmark ranking process, a traffic point may be dynamically selected using a route from the current position of the vehicle (driver) to the destination. In this way, instead of selecting the traffic point based on the distance from the building, the nearest traffic point is selected from the movement route, and the co-occurrence is determined from the number of co-occurrence of the selected traffic point and the building. Since the numbers are ranked, it is possible to select an appropriate key point from the movement route.

  (8) Further, when executing the landmark ranking process, it is conceivable to select a traffic point using the current display scale. In this way, instead of selecting the traffic point based on the distance from the building, the nearest traffic point is selected from the display scale of the current navigation screen, and the selected traffic point and the building are shared. Since the number of co-occurrence is ranked from the number of occurrences, it is possible to select a traffic point that matches the usage range of the user (driver).

  (9) Further, when executing the landmark ranking process, when acquiring the result of the co-occurrence calculation by the general-purpose search engine on the network, the document set may be limited by the co-occurrence with the car-related term. The term “automobile-related terms” here is assumed to be words such as “parking lot”, “automobile”, and “car”, for example. In this way, it is possible to limit the document set to be used only to automobile-related sets, and to reduce noise due to unrelated document sets.

  (10) In the above-described embodiment, in the vehicle-mounted device 70, the route information acquisition unit 74 acquires route information as location information related to the purpose of movement of the driver from the outside (navigation device), and extracts co-occurrence data. The processing unit 75 extracts landmarks existing around the route acquired by the route information acquisition unit 74, reads out the co-occurrence number information regarding the extracted landmarks from the co-occurrence data database 72, and ranks the processing unit. 76 ranks the landmarks extracted by the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75 with reference to the co-occurrence number information extracted by the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75, but the present invention is not limited to this. As long as the location information is related to the purpose of the vehicle, the route information is not limited to the above-described route information, and other information such as peripheral information related to the location designated by the driver may be acquiredFor example, in the on-vehicle device 70 described above, the route information acquisition unit 74 acquires the peripheral information related to the place specified by the driver, and the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75 is acquired by the route information acquisition unit 74. The landmarks present around the place are extracted, the co-occurrence number information regarding the extracted landmarks is read from the co-occurrence data database 72, and the ranking processing unit 76 extracts the land extracted by the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75. For example, the marks are ranked with reference to the co-occurrence number information extracted by the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75.

In addition, about each method as described in said 1st embodiment and other embodiment, it is not limited to the use only of a driver | operator, General users, such as a navigation using a mobile telephone, can also be utilized.
[Second Embodiment]
The first embodiment is characterized in that a landmark having a large number of simultaneous occurrences with the names of important points existing in the vicinity thereof is selected as a landmark to be presented, and the selected landmark is presented. On the other hand, the second embodiment is characterized in that a landmark having a large number of simultaneous occurrences of the name and address of the landmark is selected as a landmark to be presented, and the selected landmark is presented.

  Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 8, when executing the above-described co-occurrence table creation procedure, in S130, for each landmark candidate (landmark) selected in S120, Instead of calculating the number of co-occurrence, the number of co-occurrence with the name of the landmark and the address of the landmark is calculated. Then, the calculated number of co-occurrence is accumulated in the co-occurrence database (S140). Specifically, the calculated number of co-occurrence, the building name, and the landmark address are associated and registered in the co-occurrence table.

  In this case, regarding the co-occurrence of the landmark candidate and the landmark address, the lower the recall rate, the higher the relevance rate, and the tendency becomes remarkable when the recall value is a numerical value of 0.1 or less. (See graph (B) in FIG. 6).

  As described above, according to the in-vehicle navigation system 100 of the second embodiment, it is possible to present to the user information related to a building or a place name that is effective in the presence position and the movement route of the user. In particular, it is possible to extract mainly commercial facilities such as store names.

As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, It is possible to implement in the following various aspects.
(1) For example, when extracting landmarks existing around the route, the length of the address name may be changed depending on the size of the geographical range to be extracted. For example, the address of a building called “Aichi Prefectural Art Center” in Nagoya City is officially “Higashizakura 1-cho 13, Higashi-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi Prefecture”. Use up to "Higashi-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture", or use "Higashizakura, Higashi-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture" as the address name if the range to be narrowed is the ward level range. In this way, the search range can be controlled according to the request to be extracted.

  (2) In the above-described embodiment, in the vehicle-mounted device 70, the route information acquisition unit 74 acquires route information as location information related to the purpose of movement of the driver from the outside (navigation device), and extracts co-occurrence data. The processing unit 75 extracts landmarks existing around the route acquired by the route information acquisition unit 74, reads out the co-occurrence number information regarding the extracted landmarks from the co-occurrence data database 72, and ranks the processing unit. 76 ranks the landmarks extracted by the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75 with reference to the co-occurrence number information extracted by the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75, but the present invention is not limited to this. If it is the information of the place relevant to the purpose, other information such as the peripheral information related to the place specified by the driver may be acquired without being limited to the route information described above. For example, in the on-vehicle device 70 described above, the route information acquisition unit 74 acquires the peripheral information related to the place specified by the driver, and the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75 is acquired by the route information acquisition unit 74. The landmarks present around the place are extracted, the co-occurrence number information regarding the extracted landmarks is read from the co-occurrence data database 72, and the ranking processing unit 76 extracts the land extracted by the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75. For example, the marks are ranked with reference to the co-occurrence number information extracted by the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75.

In addition, about each method as described in said 2nd embodiment and other embodiment, it is not limited to utilization only for a driver | operator, General users, such as navigation using a mobile telephone, can also be utilized.
[Third embodiment]
The first embodiment is characterized in that a landmark having a large number of simultaneous occurrences with names of important points existing in the vicinity thereof is selected as a landmark to be presented, and the selected landmark is presented. On the other hand, in the third embodiment, a landmark having a large number of simultaneous occurrences of the name of the landmark and the wide area name of the location is selected as a landmark to be presented, and the selected landmark is presented. May be.

  Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 9, when executing the above-described co-occurrence table creation procedure, in S130, each landmark candidate (landmark) selected in S120 is Instead of calculating the number of co-occurrence, the number of co-occurrence with the name of the landmark and the global name of the location of the landmark is calculated. Here, the “wide area name” refers to a name used to indicate an area where a general building exists such as “Nagoya City” or “Kyoto City”. Then, the calculated number of co-occurrence is accumulated in the co-occurrence database (S140). Specifically, the calculated number of co-occurrence, the building name, and the wide area name of the location of the landmark are associated and registered in the co-occurrence table.

  In this case, regarding the co-occurrence of the landmark candidate and the landmark address, the lower the recall rate, the higher the relevance rate, and the tendency becomes remarkable when the recall value is a numerical value of 0.1 or less. (See graph (C) in FIG. 6).

  As described above, according to the in-vehicle navigation system 100 of the third embodiment, even when the building or the place name that should be used as a landmark during the movement of the user changes every moment, it is effective in the user's location and movement route. Information about the building or place name to be displayed can be presented to the user.

As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, It is possible to implement in the following various aspects.
(1) For example, when a landmark existing around a route is extracted, the wide area name may be changed depending on the size of the geographical range to be extracted. For example, when narrowing down buildings in Nagoya city, the wide area name is “Nagoya City”, but when narrowing down in a larger geographical area, use a name that indicates a wider area, such as “Aichi Prefecture”. On the other hand, when narrowing down a small range in units of wards, a name indicating a small range such as “Naka Ward” is used for a wide area name. In this way, it is possible to use a wide-area name suitable for the geographical range to be narrowed down, and to improve the accuracy of ranking.

  (2) In the above-described embodiment, in the vehicle-mounted device 70, the route information acquisition unit 74 acquires route information as location information related to the purpose of movement of the driver from the outside (navigation device), and extracts co-occurrence data. The processing unit 75 extracts landmarks existing around the route acquired by the route information acquisition unit 74, reads out the co-occurrence number information regarding the extracted landmarks from the co-occurrence data database 72, and ranks the processing unit. 76 ranks the landmarks extracted by the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75 with reference to the co-occurrence number information extracted by the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75, but the present invention is not limited to this. If it is the information of the place relevant to the purpose, other information such as the peripheral information related to the place specified by the driver may be acquired without being limited to the route information described above. For example, in the on-vehicle device 70 described above, the route information acquisition unit 74 acquires the peripheral information related to the place specified by the driver, and the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75 is acquired by the route information acquisition unit 74. The landmarks present around the place are extracted, the co-occurrence number information regarding the extracted landmarks is read from the co-occurrence data database 72, and the ranking processing unit 76 extracts the land extracted by the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75. For example, the marks are ranked with reference to the co-occurrence number information extracted by the co-occurrence data extraction processing unit 75.

  Note that the methods described in the third embodiment and the other embodiments are not limited to use only by the driver, and general users such as navigation using a mobile phone can also be used.

1 is a block diagram illustrating an overall configuration of an in-vehicle navigation system 1 according to a first embodiment. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a server 50. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an in-vehicle navigation device 70. FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the preparation procedure of a co-occurrence table. It is a flowchart showing a landmark ranking process (1). It is explanatory drawing explaining a landmark ranking process. It is explanatory drawing explaining the ranking method using the key point name of 1st embodiment. It is explanatory drawing explaining the ranking method using the address name of 2nd embodiment. It is explanatory drawing explaining the ranking method using the wide area name of 3rd embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the coupling | bonding procedure and calculation content of the result of co-occurrence calculation. It is a flowchart showing the landmark ranking process (2) which an onboard equipment performs when using a general purpose search engine.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 50 ... Server, 51 ... Collection part, 52 ... Text database, 53 ... Facility database, 54 ... Analysis / extraction part, 55 ... Co-occurrence database, 56 ... Distribution part, 60 ... Public network, 70 ... Onboard equipment, 71 ... Both Origin data acquisition unit, 72 ... Co-occurrence data database, 73 ... Facility database, 74 ... Route information acquisition unit, 75 ... Co-occurrence data extraction processing unit, 76 ... Ranking processing unit, 80 ... Web content, 90 ... In-vehicle navigation Apparatus 91 ... acquisition part 92 ... selection part 93 ... presentation part 100 ... in-vehicle navigation system

Claims (21)

Map information storage means for storing map information including landmark information relating to landmarks that serve as landmarks during movement;
A co-occurrence number calculating means for calculating a co-occurrence number for each landmark, which is a frequency at which a name of the landmark and a name of a key point existing in the vicinity of the landmark are simultaneously generated in a sentence on a WEB;
Co-occurrence number storage means for associating the co-occurrence number calculated by the co-occurrence number calculating means with the names of key points and landmark names corresponding to the co-occurrence number and storing them as co-occurrence number information;
Target range information acquisition means for acquiring information on a location related to the purpose of movement of the user;
Landmark extraction means for extracting the landmarks present around the place acquired by the target range information acquisition means with reference to the stored contents of the map information storage means;
Ranking means for reading the co-occurrence number information including the landmark extracted by the landmark extracting means, and ranking the read co-occurrence number information in descending order of the value of the co-occurrence number;
Selecting means for selecting the co-occurrence number information having the highest rank among the co-occurrence number information ranked by the ranking means;
Presenting means for presenting a landmark corresponding to the co-occurrence number information selected by the selecting means;
A landmark presentation device comprising: The landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 1,
The destination range information acquisition unit acquires route information regarding a route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination, and the landmark extraction unit extracts landmarks present around the acquired route. Landmark presentation device. The landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 1,
The target range information acquisition means acquires peripheral information related to a place designated by a user, and the landmark extraction means extracts landmarks present around the acquired place. apparatus. The landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 1,
The landmark extraction means refers to the stored contents of the map information storage means, and in order of the distance from the important point among the landmarks present around the place acquired by the target range information acquisition means A landmark presentation device that extracts N landmarks. Map information storage means for storing map information including landmark information relating to landmarks that serve as landmarks during movement;
A co-occurrence number calculating means for calculating, for each landmark, a co-occurrence number, which is a frequency at which the name of the landmark and the address of the landmark occur simultaneously in a sentence on a web.
Co-occurrence number storage means for associating the co-occurrence number calculated by the co-occurrence number calculating means with the name of the landmark corresponding to the co-occurrence number and the address of the landmark and storing it as co-occurrence number information;
Target range information acquisition means for acquiring information on a location related to the purpose of movement of the user;
Landmark extraction means for extracting the landmarks present around the place acquired by the target range information acquisition means with reference to the stored contents of the map information storage means;
Ranking means for reading the co-occurrence number information including the landmark extracted by the landmark extracting means, and ranking the read co-occurrence number information in descending order of the value of the co-occurrence number;
Selecting means for selecting the co-occurrence number information having the highest rank among the co-occurrence number information ranked by the ranking means;
Presenting means for presenting a landmark corresponding to the co-occurrence number information selected by the selecting means;
A landmark presentation device comprising: In the landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 5,
The destination range information acquisition unit acquires route information regarding a route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination, and the landmark extraction unit extracts landmarks present around the acquired route. Landmark presentation device. In the landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 5,
The target range information acquisition means acquires peripheral information related to a place designated by a user, and the landmark extraction means extracts landmarks present around the acquired place. apparatus. In the landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 7,
The landmark extracting apparatus, wherein the landmark extracting unit changes an address name according to a size of a geographical range when extracting a landmark existing around the place. Map information storage means for storing map information including landmark information relating to landmarks that serve as landmarks during movement;
A co-occurrence number calculating means for calculating, for each landmark, a co-occurrence number that is a frequency at which the name of the landmark and the wide-area name of the location of the landmark are simultaneously generated in the text on the web;
Co-occurrence number storage means for storing the co-occurrence number calculated by the co-occurrence number calculating means, the name of the landmark corresponding to the co-occurrence number, and the wide-area name of the location of the landmark as the co-occurrence number information; ,
Target range information acquisition means for acquiring information on a location related to the purpose of movement of the user;
Landmark extraction means for referring to the stored contents of the map information storage means, and for extracting landmarks present around the place acquired by the target range information acquisition means;
Ranking means for reading the co-occurrence number information including the landmark extracted by the landmark extracting means, and ranking the read co-occurrence number information in descending order of the value of the co-occurrence number;
Selecting means for selecting the co-occurrence number information having the highest rank among the co-occurrence number information ranked by the ranking means;
Presenting means for presenting a landmark corresponding to the co-occurrence number information selected by the selecting means;
A landmark presentation device comprising: The landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
The destination range information acquisition unit acquires route information regarding a route from the current position of the vehicle to the destination, and the landmark extraction unit extracts landmarks present around the acquired route. Landmark presentation device. The landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
The target range information acquisition means acquires peripheral information related to a place designated by a user, and the landmark extraction means extracts landmarks present around the acquired place. apparatus. The landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
The landmark presenting apparatus, wherein the landmark extracting unit changes a wide area name according to a size of a geographical range when extracting a landmark existing around the place. In the landmark presenting device according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
When ranking the co-occurrence number information, the ranking means reads the co-occurrence number information including the landmark extracted by the landmark extraction means, and the co-occurrence number information included in the read co-occurrence number information. A landmark presenting apparatus characterized in that after normalizing numerical values of occurrence numbers, an average value thereof is calculated, and the co-occurrence number information is ranked in descending order of the calculated average number of co-occurrence numbers. The landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 13,
The landmark presenting apparatus, wherein the ranking means ranks co-occurrence number information in which an average value of co-occurrence numbers included in the co-occurrence number information is larger than a predetermined threshold. The landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 13,
The ranking presenting device, wherein when calculating an average value of the number of co-occurrence included in the co-occurrence number information, the ranking means selects a calculation method with reference to the number of cases used. In the landmark presenting device according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
When ranking the co-occurrence number information, the ranking means obtains the result of co-occurrence calculation by a general-purpose search engine on the network, and averages the number of co-occurrence included in the acquired co-occurrence calculation result A landmark presenting apparatus that calculates values and ranks the co-occurrence number information in descending order of the average value of the calculated co-occurrence numbers. The landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
The ranking means, when ranking the co-occurrence number information, dynamically selects a traffic point using a route calculated from the current position and destination of the user. Presentation device. The landmark presenting apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
In the landmark presenting device, the ranking means selects a traffic point using a current display scale when ranking the co-occurrence number information. In the landmark presenting device according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
The ranking means limits the document set by co-occurrence with automobile-related terms when obtaining the result of co-occurrence calculation by a general-purpose search engine on the network when ranking co-occurrence number information. A landmark presentation device. The landmark presenting device according to any one of claims 1 to 19,
Display means for displaying the landmark selected by the selection means of the landmark presentation device together with map information around the landmark based on the map information stored in the map information storage means of the landmark presentation device;
A vehicle-mounted navigation device comprising: A vehicle-mounted navigation system comprising a center, a vehicle-mounted device, and a vehicle-mounted navigation device, and configured to transmit and receive various data between the center, the vehicle-mounted device, and the vehicle-mounted navigation device. ,
The center includes map information storage means, co-occurrence number calculation means, and co-occurrence number storage means included in the landmark presenting device according to any one of claims 1 to 19.
The on-vehicle device includes a target range information acquisition unit, a landmark extraction unit, and a ranking unit included in the landmark presentation device according to any one of claims 1 to 19.
The in-vehicle navigation system includes a selection unit and a presentation unit included in the landmark presenting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

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