JP2008118863A - Blowing method to crop using frost protection fan - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a blowing method to crops intended for solving such problems that a conventional frost damage-preventing method is a system which appropriately controls a heater/a blower on the basis of a set temperature to be kept around crops for frost damage prevention and a temperature around crops, but it cannot be said that the method considers a growing environment of crops and natural durability required by crops themselves, on the contrary, the method includes a problem of losing the characteristics because of overprotected raising, and faces a problem such as destruction of global environment caused by generation of exhaust gas because of operation of a heater. <P>SOLUTION: This blowing method to crops using a frost protection fan includes setting low place first/second sensors on a leaf surface of crops in a field or a position of a trunk easiest to receive frost damage, and setting the low place second sensor on a prescribed place to which blast from the frost protection fan is exposed. When there is prescribed temperature difference in temperatures detected with the low place first/second sensors, the frost protection fan set in a field is stopped to stop cold air and prevent cold weather damage of crops. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention aims to prevent frost and frost damage by effectively using the warm air of the inversion layer in fields where crops such as orchards and tea gardens are cultivated. As a condition at this time, as in the case where the temperature of the foliage, trunk and / or bud, young fruit, fruit, etc. (hereinafter referred to as foliage) in a position and / or condition susceptible to frost damage is low, There are certain conditions. By avoiding such conditions, the effect of defrosting and resource saving can be achieved, and an optimal growth environment can be ensured and quality can be improved, such as avoiding leaf misalignment during shoots.

  Therefore, this invention relates to the ventilation method with respect to the crop using the defrost fan which can achieve these effects.

  As is well known, there is a defrost fan as one of the defrosting methods for tea gardens. The advantages of this anti-frost fan are useful in terms of anti-frost effect, ease of management, economy and the like. Based on the conventional intuition of those skilled in the art and the rule of thumb for operation that relies on practice, it is assumed that an inversion layer will occur recently, and the temperature of the foliage or the temperature near the ground may cause frost damage. For example, in a state where the temperature is approximately −6 ° C. to approximately 1 ° C., frost damage is prevented (to prevent frost) by blowing the warm air of the inversion layer by driving a defrost fan.

  However, because it depends on empirical rules, there are cases in which crops grown with great care and mistakes are damaged, causing problems. In addition, when air that is not warm air (cold air) is blown due to this mistake or unexpected failure, the crop becomes frost-damaged, resulting in problems such as a decrease in yield and deterioration in quality. Further, sending unnecessary warm air causes energy loss, which is very wasteful, and has adverse effects on the global environment.

  Frozen frost damage using a frost-proof fan that can eliminate harmful effects based on the above rule of thumb, achieve more reliable and accurate frost-proofing effects, and achieve necessary frost blowing when necessary to achieve efficient frost-frost damage The following documents (1) and (2) are listed as prior documents of the method. An example will be described below.

  Document (1) is “Frost protection system” of Utility Model Registration No. 3021646. This device is a configuration in which a conventional frost-proof fan and a combustion furnace (combustion function) are used together. The frost-proof fan is automatically controlled using a sensor, and warm air is supplied from a stack when necessary. It is intended to blow down artificial warm air onto the foliage and prevent strong frosts through temperature rise throughout the field.

  Reference (2) is “Frost and frost damage prevention method and apparatus” of JP-A-7-115855. The present invention detects a set temperature (Tlо) to be maintained around a crop for frost damage control, an outside air temperature (Ta) higher than the warm air blower, and a temperature around the crop (Tl). For example, when the condition is “Tl ≦ Tlо”, the blowing of warm air is performed, and the condition is “temperature difference between Ta and Tl> In the case of “3 ° C.”, only the air blower of the warm air blower is operated to send the air in the inversion layer, and when the condition is “1 ° C. ≦ temperature difference between Ta and Tl ≦ 3 ° C.” Combined operation with low-burning operation of the fan, and if the condition is “temperature difference between Ta and Tl ≦ 1 ° C.”, the combined operation of the fan operation and the high-burning operation of the hot air The ventilation corresponding to various conditions is aimed at, and the improvement of a defrosting effect and the growth and / or quality of a crop is aimed at.

Utility model registration No. 3021646 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-115855

  The document (1) is configured to supply warm air generated in a combustion furnace when necessary, and there is room for improvement with problems in terms of wasteful fuel consumption and ecology. In particular, the recent surge in fuels has led to the decline of agricultural bases and domestic farming, as well as the declining situation of the national living base, due to economic and crop price increases. It can be considered. Therefore, these solutions are urgent. On the other hand, the operation of the combustion furnace is considered to be an urgent need to solve these problems because it is a problem in the destruction of the global environment due to the generation of exhaust gas and the survival of humankind.

  Reference (2) is a system for appropriately controlling a hot air blower and / or a blower on the basis of a set temperature (Tlо) to be maintained around the crop for frost damage control and a temperature (Tl) around the crop. is there. However, this system cannot be considered as a method that accurately and sufficiently captures the qualities that a crop can withstand cold and warm and the condition settings based on the natural conditions that accompany it, and has the following problems.

  And as an example of this problem, it can be considered that it is a growth condition that can be said to be overprotection against the growth of the crop.For example, various characteristics such as umami, texture, and nutrients of the crop are sufficiently obtained. It seems to have a problem that cannot be demonstrated.

  Furthermore, since this literature (2) is a structure which operates a warm air fan, like the above-mentioned literature (1), soaring fuel cost, various problems due to this soaring, and destruction of the global environment due to the generation of exhaust gas There are problems such as.

  And in this literature (1), (2), the temperature difference between the sensor installed in the inversion layer and the sensor installed on the ground is detected, and the sensor malfunctions in the ventilation by driving the anti-frost fan due to this temperature difference. In the case of failure, or when this sensor malfunctions due to air blowing (when air blown to the sensor and / or warm air hits and malfunctions), unnecessary warm air and / or air (cold air) is not required Will be blown. However, in the case of warm air, there is an energy loss, which is very wasteful, has an adverse effect on the global environment, and causes damage to crops. In addition, there is a risk of cold damage and / or frost damage to the crops due to cold air blowing, irreparable problems such as deterioration of the quality of the crops, reduction of the yield, etc., energy loss due to unnecessary air blowing, etc. There is a secondary problem.

  In view of the above, the present invention provides: (a) At least when frost formation occurs, fuel is not used, frost frost damage is prevented by blowing air from a frost-proof fan that uses natural warm air, and the environment-friendly reversal The effect of preventing frost and frost damage by effectively using the warm air of the layer is provided. And (b) By effectively utilizing the natural durability required for growth against the outside air temperature, the true taste, texture, nutrients, etc. of this kind of crop are ensured and are useful for consumers' health. It is intended to provide effective crops and / or high quality, high taste (high priced cherries, grapes, grapes, plums, loquats, etc.) that this consumer prefers. In addition, (c) The structure that detects the temperature of the leaf surface by a sensor provided in a location where the frost-proof fan is not blown, avoids malfunctions, and under the necessary conditions (conditions where frost damage occurs) By blowing reliably and smoothly, it intends to prevent frost damage (frost damage), optimal for growth, prevention of leaf slippage, and environmentally friendly air blowing. (D) By avoiding the generation of noise associated with the combustion of hot air blowers, etc., and keeping the generation of noise at a minimum, it is possible to eliminate noise problems affecting the lives of neighboring residents and Intended to be resolved. Also, (e) a low place first sensor provided in a place where the frost-proof fan is not blown, and a low place second sensor which is blown in reverse, the low place first sensor and the low place second sensor, By detecting the temperature difference, it is possible to capture the temperature of the air in the inversion layer. For example, the low temperature first sensor is high and the low temperature second sensor is low. Occasionally, the frost-proof fan is turned off, and the cold air in the inversion layer is not mistakenly blown, avoiding frost and frost damage to the crop, generating conditions suitable for the growing environment of the crop, or environmentally friendly blow It is intended to plan. In addition, (f) In addition, for the frost and frost damage that the leaf surface is light, the temperature difference in (e) is low even if the low first sensor is low and the low second sensor is high. It is intended to continue the air blowing operation of the inversion layer and / or non-warm air against the foliage and the like to prevent cell destruction due to frost.

  The inventions of claims 1 and 2 provide the warming air blowing operation of the inversion layer that is optimal for achieving the above-mentioned objects (a) to (e).

Claim 1 installs the low place first and second sensors at positions most susceptible to frost and frost damage, such as leaves or trunks of crops in the field, and this low place second sensor is connected to the defrost fan. A method of blowing air to a crop using a defrost fan installed at a predetermined position where the air blows,
When there is a predetermined temperature difference between the temperature detected by the first and second sensors in the low place, the anti-frost fan installed in the field is stopped to stop the cold air and prevent the cold damage of the crop. It is a ventilation method for crops using a frost fan.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the high place sensor and the low place first sensor are installed in the field, the high place sensor is installed in the inversion layer, and the low place first sensor is most frozen on the leaf surface or trunk of the crop. A method of blowing air to a crop using a defrost fan installed at a position susceptible to frost damage,
When there is a predetermined temperature difference between the temperature detected by this high place sensor and the temperature detected by the low place first sensor, the frost-proof fan installed in the field is used to It is the ventilation method with respect to the crop using the defrost fan characterized by ventilating toward a crop and aiming at defrosting of the said crop.

  The invention of claim 3 achieves the object of claim 1, and provides an air blowing method that is optimal and reliable for achieving the object.

Claim 3 is an air blowing method for a crop using the anti-frost fan according to claim 1, and at the time of air blowing of the anti-frost fan,
When there is a predetermined temperature difference between the temperature detected by the first and second sensors in the low place, the anti-frost fan installed in the field is stopped to stop the cold air and prevent the cold damage of the crop. It is a ventilation method for crops using a frost fan.

  The invention of claim 4 achieves the object of claim 2, and provides an air blowing method that is optimal and reliable for achieving the object.

Claim 4 is a method of blowing air to the crop using the defrost fan according to claim 2, and at the time of blowing the defrost fan,
When there is a predetermined temperature difference between the temperature detected by the sensor at the high place and the temperature detected by the first sensor at the low place, the frost-proof fan installed in the field is used to remove the warm air from the inversion layer in the field. The method of blowing air to a crop using a defrost fan, characterized in that the air is blown toward the water and the crop is defrosted.

  The invention of claim 5 achieves the object of claims 1 and 2 and provides a sensor that is optimal and reliable for achieving the object.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the air blowing method for a crop using the frost-proof fan according to the first or second aspect, the height sensor and the first and second sensors of the low place are temperature sensors. It is a ventilation method for crops using a frost fan.

In the invention of claim 1, the first and second sensors in the low place are installed at positions most susceptible to freezing and frost damage such as the leaf surface or trunk of the crop in the field, and the second sensor in the low place is provided from the defrost fan. A method of blowing air to a crop using a defrost fan installed at a predetermined position where
When there is a certain temperature difference between the temperatures detected by the low and first sensors, stop the frost-proof fan installed in the field, stop the cold air, and prevent crops from using the frost-proof fan. It is a blowing method.

  Therefore, claim 1 has the following characteristics.

  (B) At least when frost formation occurs, refrigeration is prevented by using a frost-proof fan that uses natural warm air without using fuel, and frost that effectively uses warm air from the inversion layer that is friendly to the global environment A frost damage prevention effect can be provided.

  (B) Effective use of the natural endurance necessary for growth against the outside air temperature to ensure the true taste, texture, nutrients, etc. of this type of crop and to help consumers' health A crop and / or a crop preferred by this consumer can be provided.

  (C) A structure in which the temperature of the leaf surface is detected by a sensor provided at a location where the frost-proof fan is not blown, avoiding malfunctions and ensuring that under the necessary conditions (conditions where frost damage occurs) Moreover, by blowing smoothly, it is possible to prevent frost damage (frost damage), to grow optimally, to prevent leaf misalignment, and to be friendly to the environment.

  (D) Eliminating noise and other noise associated with combustion of hot air blowers, etc., and minimizing noise generation, and eliminating these problems Can be planned.

  (E) A low place first sensor provided in a location where the frost-proof fan is not exposed to air and a low place second sensor where the air is applied are provided, and the low place first sensor and the low place second sensor By detecting the temperature difference, it becomes possible to capture the temperature of the air in the inversion layer. For example, when the low temperature first sensor is high and the low temperature second sensor is low, the temperature difference is low. , Stop the frost-proof fan and avoid blowing the cold air of the inversion layer by mistake, avoiding frost and frost damage to the crop, creating conditions suitable for the growing environment of the crop, or environmentally friendly You can do it.

According to the invention of claim 2, the high place sensor and the low place first sensor are installed in the field, the high place sensor is installed in the inversion layer, and the low place first sensor is most frozen such as a leaf surface of a crop or a trunk. A method of blowing air to a crop using a defrost fan installed at a position susceptible to frost damage,
When there is a predetermined temperature difference between the temperature detected by the sensor at the high place and the temperature detected by the first sensor at the low place, the frost-proof fan installed in the field is used to remove the warm air from the inversion layer in the field. This is a method of blowing air to a crop using a frost-proof fan that blows air toward the frost to prevent the crop from defrosting.

  Accordingly, the second aspect has the characteristics that the same characteristics as those of the first aspect can be expected, and the more reliable and effective ventilation can be expected.

Invention of Claim 3 is the ventilation method with respect to the crops using the defrost fan of Claim 1, and at the time of ventilation of a defrost fan,
When there is a certain temperature difference between the temperatures detected by the low and first sensors, stop the frost-proof fan installed in the field, stop the cold air, and prevent crops from using the frost-proof fan. It is a blowing method.

  Accordingly, the third aspect can provide the air blowing method that can achieve the object of the first aspect and that is optimal and reliable for achieving the object.

Invention of Claim 4 is the ventilation method with respect to the crop using the defrost fan of Claim 2, and the time of ventilation of a defrost fan,
When there is a predetermined temperature difference between the temperature detected by the sensor at the high place and the temperature detected by the first sensor at the low place, the frost-proof fan installed in the field is used to remove the warm air from the inversion layer in the field. This is a method of blowing air to a crop using a frost-proof fan that blows air toward the frost to prevent the crop from defrosting.

  Accordingly, the fourth aspect of the present invention can provide the air blowing method that can achieve the object of the second aspect and that is optimal and reliable for achieving the object.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the air blowing method for a crop using the frost-proof fan according to the first or second aspect, the high place sensor and the low place first / first sensor are temperature sensors. This is an air blowing method for crops using a defrost fan.

  Accordingly, the fifth aspect of the present invention can achieve the object of the first and second aspects, and can provide a sensor that is optimal and reliable for achieving the object.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  First, the drawings of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 shows the whole of the first and second embodiments. The high place sensor and the low place first and second sensors are installed in the field. FIG. 2 is a bird's-eye view of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the movement of the first embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the movement of the second embodiment.

  In the first embodiment, reference numeral 1 denotes a defrosting fan provided on the building pillar 2 of the field A, and 100 denotes the fan. This frost-proof fan 1 is installed in the inversion layer B.

  In this example, in the field A, the low place first sensor 5 and the low place second sensor 6 are installed at positions most susceptible to frost and frost damage such as the leaf surface or trunk of the crop C. The second sensor 6 is installed at a predetermined position where air blown from the defrost fan 1 hits. In principle, the low-area second sensor 6 is used to detect the presence or absence of warm air generation in the inversion layer B (conditions will be described later). Through this detection, it is intended to blow warm air to the crop C, to prevent frost and frost damage of the crop C, to generate conditions suitable for the growing environment of the crop, or to blow air that is friendly to the environment. In addition, by using the second low-area sensor 6, even if the high-area sensor 3 malfunctions or malfunctions, the warm air is blown (prevention of frost and frost damage "anti-frost") or the blow is stopped (energy loss is eliminated, etc.) ). Further, by using the low-area second sensor 6, a state where there is no warm air in the inversion layer B is detected (conditions will be described later), and cooling air is stopped to prevent cooling damage.

  The low place first sensor 5 and the low place second sensor 6 are installed, and the defrosting fan 1 is stopped based on this temperature difference. In this example, for example, when there is no difference between the temperatures detected by the low-place first sensor 5 and the low-place second sensor 6 when the defrost fan 1 is blowing (so-called cold air is blown from the defrost fan 1). If not, the air flow is continued [hereinafter, the air flow is continued when there is no temperature difference between the detection values of the low place first sensor 5 and the low place second sensor 6]. When the frost-proof fan 1 blows air, if the temperature detected by the low place second sensor 6 is lower than the temperature detected by the low place first sensor 5, the reversal layer B has no warm air, Since the air blown by the frost fan 1 is cold air, the air blow is immediately stopped to eliminate the adverse effects caused by the low temperature of the crop C. [Hereinafter, the temperature difference is detected in the detected values of the low place first sensor 5 and the low place second sensor 6. Because there are air blows]. With such an operation, it is intended to determine when air blowing is necessary (prevention of frost and frost damage) and to stop blowing cold air (preventing cold damage). With this temperature difference, the temperature difference between the low place first sensor 5 and the second sensor 6 is set to 1 ° C to 3 ° C.

  If it demonstrates based on the flowchart of FIG. 3 of this 1st Example, after the start (ST-1) of the ventilation state by the defrost fan 1, in (ST-2), the low place 1st sensor 5 and the low place first The temperature of each region is detected (detected value) by the two sensors 6. That is, the temperature detection of (ST-3). After this temperature detection, it is determined in (ST-4). According to this determination result, each instruction of (ST-5) is made, for example, “X1”, there is no temperature difference. “X2” There is a temperature difference, and in this state, since cold air is blown, there are items such as stopping blowing. Thus, for example, the optimum air blow or air blow stop for the crop C is achieved to achieve the initial purpose. In addition, (ST-6) is complete | finished, after that, the temperature of each area | region is detected (detection value) in this low place 1st sensor 5 and the low place 2nd sensor 6, and time changes. If there is, return to start (ST-1). It is so-called repetition.

  In the second embodiment, a structure in which the high place sensor 3 and the low place first sensor 5 are installed, and the defrost fan 1 is used on the basis of this temperature difference, and the warm air of the inversion layer is blown toward the crops in the field. It is. In this example, when the frost-proof fan 1 is blown or when the frost-proof fan 1 is stopped, the high-area sensor 3 and the low-area first sensor 5 detect the temperatures of the respective areas. Therefore, when the temperature detected by the first sensor 5 in the low place is lower than the temperature detected by the high place sensor 3, the crop C may be frozen and frost-damaged. [Hereafter, the detected values of the high place sensor 3 and the low place first sensor 5 are blown with a temperature difference]. When the frost-proof fan 1 blows, if there is no difference between the temperature detected by the high place sensor 3 and the temperature detected by the low place first sensor 5, the crop C has left the state of frost and frost damage. As a general rule, air blowing is stopped, wasteful air blowing is eliminated, and leaf misalignment is prevented [hereinafter, air blowing is stopped when there is no temperature difference between the detected values of the high place sensor 3 and the low place first sensor 5]. . With such an operation, it is intended to determine when air blowing is necessary (prevention of frost and frost damage) and to stop blowing cold air (preventing cold damage). With this temperature difference, the temperature difference between the height sensor 3 and the first sensor 5 is set to 2 ° C to 4 ° C.

  If it demonstrates based on the flowchart of FIG. 4 of this 2nd Example, the structure is substantially the same as the above-mentioned 1st Example, However, Setting conditions (determination conditions) differ. That is, after the start (ST-1), the temperature in each region is detected (detected value) by the high place sensor 3 and the low place first sensor 5 in (ST-2). That is, the temperature detection of (ST-3). After this temperature detection, it is determined in (ST-4). According to the determination result, each instruction of (ST-5) is made. For example, there is a temperature difference “Y1”. In this state, warm air is blown. “Y2” There is no temperature difference, and in this state, the crop C is out of the frost and frost damage state, so there are items such as stopping blowing. Thus, for example, the optimum air blow or air blow stop for the crop C is achieved to achieve the initial purpose. Note that (ST-6) is the end, and after that, the temperature of each region is detected (detected value) in the high place sensor 3 and the low place first sensor 5 and the change occurs. If it does, return to start (ST-1). It is so-called repetition.

  The crop C in FIGS. 1 and 2 is the cherry D, but is not limited thereto. Further, the high place sensor 3, the low place first sensor 5, and the low place second sensor 6 are used in combination with other sensors such as a wind speed sensor and a rain sensor, so that the accuracy of frost prevention and cooling damage prevention is improved. It is also possible to control according to climate, cultivation conditions, etc. for preventing cold damage.

  The air blowing method of the defrosting fan 1 to which the present invention is particularly effective is, in principle, a structure for blowing air in a fixed direction and in a fixed state, or a blowing method with a large air blowing capacity, a drum-shaped anti-frost fan (see FIG. (Not shown). Fruits such as fruit trees such as cherries are desirable, but for teas such as tea trees, taste products such as matcha tea, teas, crops such as mandarin oranges, strawberries, vegetables, etc., crops (collectively referred to as crop C) Is also effective.

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing an example of the whole adopted for a cherry tree in the first and second embodiments. 2 is a plan view of FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the second embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Defrost fan 100 Fan 2 Building pillar 3 Height sensor 5 Low place 1 sensor 6 Low place 2 sensor A Field B Reverse layer C Crop D Cherry

Claims (5)

A low-place first and second sensor are installed at the most susceptible to frost and frost damage on the leaves or trunks of crops in the field, and the low-place second sensor is placed at a predetermined position where air from a defrost fan hits. A method for blowing air to a crop using a defrost fan installed at a position,
When there is a predetermined temperature difference between the temperature detected by the first and second sensors in the low place, the anti-frost fan installed in the field is stopped to stop the cold air and prevent the cold damage of the crop. Blowing method for crops using frost fans. A high place sensor and a low place first sensor are installed in the field, this high place sensor is installed in the reverse layer, and this low place first sensor is the position most susceptible to frost and frost damage on the leaves or trunk of crops. A method of blowing air to crops using a defrost fan installed in
When there is a predetermined temperature difference between the temperature detected by this high place sensor and the temperature detected by the low place first sensor, the frost-proof fan installed in the field is used to A method of blowing air to a crop using a defrost fan, wherein the air is blown toward the crop to defrost the crop. In the ventilation method with respect to the crops using the defrost fan according to claim 1, and at the time of ventilation of this defrost fan,
When there is a predetermined temperature difference between the temperature detected by the first and second sensors in the low place, the anti-frost fan installed in the field is stopped to stop the cold air and prevent the cold damage of the crop. Blowing method for crops using frost fans. In the ventilation method with respect to the crops using the defrost fan according to claim 2, and at the time of ventilation of this defrost fan,
When there is a predetermined temperature difference between the temperature detected by the sensor at the high place and the temperature detected by the first sensor at the low place, the frost-proof fan installed in the field is used to remove the warm air from the inversion layer in the field. The method of blowing air to a crop using a defrost fan, characterized in that the air is blown toward the head to defrost the crop.   In the ventilation method with respect to the crop using the frost-proof fan of Claim 1 or Claim 2, the frost-proof fan which used the said high place sensor and the low place 1st and 2nd sensor as the temperature sensor is utilized. How to blow air to the harvested crops.

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