JP2008110463A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool improved in machining efficiency by preventing loss of time when exchanging a tool. <P>SOLUTION: The machine tool comprises a bed 3, a plurality of columns 7 provided to be separately moved on the bed 3, a spindle 6 movably provided in each of the columns 7 and to which a machining tool 5 can be detachably attached, a plurality of tool magazines 8 provided in a fixed frame 37 on the bed 3 corresponding to the plurality of columns 7, and a table 4 provided on the bed 3 so as to support a work 2. The machining tool 5 installed in a spindle 6 of each column 7 and the machining tool 5 housed in the tool magazines 8 corresponding to the plurality of columns 7 can be exchanged with each other. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool in which a plurality of columns each having a spindle on which a machining tool can be attached and detached is provided on a bed, and more particularly to a machine tool improved to increase machining efficiency.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been known a machine tool provided with a plurality of columns each provided with a spindle for detachably mounting a plurality of tools on a workpiece requiring various complicated machining (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).

The machine tool disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes two spindle stocks (columns) supported on a support body so as to be movable independently of each other along the height direction and the longitudinal direction thereof. Above these headstocks, a tool magazine is installed so as to bridge between the guide rails for the heightwise movement of each headstock, and one of the headstocks is mounted on the workpiece carrier (table) The other headstock is configured to receive a tool from the tool magazine while processing the processed workpiece (workpiece).
Japanese National Patent Publication No. 10-512815

  However, in a machine tool having a plurality of columns, the tool change process of each column may overlap depending on the machining process. However, in the machine tool disclosed in Patent Document 1, a common tool is used for a plurality of columns. Since the tool magazine is configured to be used, there is a problem that the tool cannot be changed in the other column while one column is changing the tool. That is, there is a problem that time loss occurs when changing the tool and the machining efficiency is lowered.

  Therefore, the present invention has been devised to solve the above-described problem, and it is an object to provide a machine tool that can prevent occurrence of time loss at the time of tool change and can improve machining efficiency. To do.

  The invention according to claim 1 for solving the above-described problems is a bed, a plurality of columns provided individually movable on the bed, and provided so as to be movable on the columns, and a processing tool can be attached and detached. A machine tool comprising: a spindle; a plurality of tool magazines provided on a fixed frame on the bed corresponding to the plurality of columns; and a table provided on the bed and supporting a workpiece. It is.

  According to the above configuration, since the tool magazine is provided for each of the plurality of columns, there is no waiting time even when the tools are changed in all the columns, so there is no time loss at the time of changing the tool, Processing efficiency can be increased. In addition, since the tool magazine is fixed to the bed, the column becomes lighter, the load during column movement is reduced, and high-speed movement is possible.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the machine tool according to claim 1, wherein two columns are provided on the bed, and the tool magazine is provided for each of the two columns. It is.

  According to the above configuration, tool replacement can be performed simultaneously in two columns, and there is no waiting time for tool replacement. Therefore, no time loss occurs during tool replacement, and machining efficiency can be improved.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the main shaft of one of the two columns is configured such that a machining tool having a larger diameter than the main shaft of the other column can be attached and detached, and the machining tool having a larger diameter can be attached and detached. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the tool magazine corresponding to the column including the main shaft accommodates a machining tool having a larger diameter than the machining tool accommodated in the other tool magazine.

  According to the said structure, a tool and a spindle can be used properly according to a process torque, and the range of the kind of process can be widened. In addition, since the tools can be properly used according to the processing type, the types and sizes of the tools can be unified for each tool magazine, and the tools can be accommodated efficiently.

  The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that an angle head as a processing tool is detachable with respect to a spindle of at least one of the two columns. It is a machine.

  According to the above configuration, for example, two tools can be machined simultaneously from different orientations of the rear and side surfaces of the workpiece with the tools provided on the spindles of the two columns, so that the machining efficiency can be greatly increased.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of time loss when changing the tool, and to exhibit excellent effects such as improving the machining efficiency.

  The best mode of a machine tool according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  1 is a front view showing the best embodiment of the machine tool according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view showing the best embodiment of the machine tool according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a view of the machine tool according to the present invention. It is the top view which showed the best embodiment.

  First, the configuration of the machine tool according to the present embodiment will be described.

  In the present embodiment, a horizontal machining center having two columns will be described as an example of a machine tool according to the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same applies to a vertical machining center. is there. Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the surface on which the work is arranged in front of the column is the front, the left-right direction (work transfer direction) when viewed from the front is the X axis, and the front-rear direction The (front and back direction of the paper) is the Z axis, and the vertical direction is the Y axis.

  A machine tool 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. On the bed 3, there are a plurality of columns 7 provided with a table 4 and a spindle 6 on which a processing tool (hereinafter simply referred to as “tool”) 5 is detachably mounted so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction). In this embodiment, two) are provided. Further, the machine tool 1 includes an X-axis moving mechanism 10 that moves the main shaft 6 provided for each column 7 in the left-right direction in FIG. 20 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) and a Y-axis moving mechanism 30 that moves in the vertical direction of FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the table 4 is disposed on the bed 3 in front of the column 7 (front side in FIG. 1). The table 4 is provided with a holding mechanism (not shown) for holding the work 2 and is fixed when the work 2 is processed. A hopper-shaped inclined surface 9 is formed around the table 4, and is configured to collect chips during processing and discharge them downward.

  Behind the table 4 are two columns 7a and 7b (hereinafter, the two columns may be collectively described as “7”). The two columns 7a and 7b are arranged side by side along the X-axis direction. The column 7a (7b) moves in the Y-axis direction on the X-axis saddle 16, the Z-axis saddle 17 provided on the top of the X-axis saddle 16 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and the front surface of the Z-axis saddle 17 A Y-axis saddle 38 that can be provided and a spindle head 18 provided on the Y-axis saddle 38 are provided. The spindle head 18 is provided so as to extend forward in the horizontal direction along the Z-axis. A spindle 6a (6b) (hereinafter referred to as “6” is combined with the two spindles) at the inner front of the spindle head 18. May be described) is provided rotatably. A main shaft motor (not shown) for rotating the main shaft 6a (6b) is provided behind the main shaft head 18.

  The main shaft 6a of one of the two columns 7a and 7b (left side in FIG. 1) column 7a is configured to have a larger diameter than the main shaft 6b of the other (right side in FIG. 1) column 7b. . In the present embodiment, for example, the nominal diameter of the main shaft 6 is # 40 for the large main shaft 6a and # 30 for the small main shaft 6b. The shape of the main shaft is an example, and the shape of the main shaft end is not limited to the tapered shape, and may be another shape such as a straight shape, and the main shaft is configured to be replaceable. Various tool gripping part shapes such as KM and HSK can be supported. Of course, the nominal diameters of the main shafts 6a and 6b may be other dimensions such as # 50.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, an X-axis moving mechanism 10 is provided below the X-axis saddle 16 to move the columns 7a and 7b in the X-axis direction. The X-axis moving mechanism 10 rotates a pair of ball screws 11, 11 arranged parallel to each other in the X-axis direction, nuts 12, 12 screwed into the ball screws 11, 11, and the ball screws 11, 11. Drive motors 13 and 13, and X-axis guides 14 and 14 arranged in parallel with the ball screws 11 and 11. End portions of the ball screws 11 and 11 are fixed to be rotatable integrally with output shafts of the drive motors 13 and 13 by couplings (not shown), respectively. The nuts 12 and 12 are screwed into the ball screws 11 and 11 respectively, and are fixed to the X-axis saddles 16 and 16 of the two columns 7a and 7b, respectively. Therefore, when one ball screw 11 is rotated by driving one drive motor 13, one nut 12 is rotated along with the one column 7a (7b) in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the ball screw 11. Moving. At this time, the X-axis saddle 16 of the column 7a (7b) is movably supported by the linear X-axis guides 14 and 14 arranged in parallel with the ball screw 11, so that it is guided smoothly in the moving direction. Moving. As the columns 7a and 7b are individually moved in this way, the main shafts 6a and 6b are also individually moved in the X-axis direction.

  As shown in FIG. 2, Z-axis moving mechanisms 20 and 20 for moving the Z-axis saddles 17 in the Z-axis direction are provided on the X-axis saddles 16 of the columns 7a and 7b (see FIGS. 2 and 3). Are provided. The Z-axis moving mechanism 20 includes a ball screw 21 that extends in the Z-axis direction, a nut 22 that is screwed into the ball screw 21, a drive motor 23 that rotates the ball screw 21, and a parallel to the ball screw 21. Z-axis guides 24 and 24 are provided. The ball screw 21 is fixed to the lower part of the Z-axis saddle 17, and this ball screw 21 is connected to a drive motor 23 via a coupling (not shown). The nut 22 is screwed into the ball screw 21 and is fixed to the upper portion of the X-axis saddle 16. Therefore, when the ball screw 21 is rotated by driving the drive motor 23, the ball screw 21 is moved in the Z-axis direction together with the Z-axis saddle 17 along with the rotation. At this time, the Z-axis saddle 17 is supported by the linear Z-axis guides 24, 24 arranged in parallel with the ball screw 21, so that the Z-axis saddle 17 is guided in the moving direction and moves smoothly. As the Z-axis saddle 17 moves in this way, the main shaft 6 also moves in the Z-axis direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, at the front part of the Z-axis saddle 17, a Y-axis moving mechanism 30 that moves each spindle head 18 provided with the spindle 6 at the front inside in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction). , 30 are provided. The Y-axis moving mechanism 30 includes a ball screw 31 that extends in the Y-axis direction, a nut 32 that engages with the ball screw 31, a drive motor 33 that rotates the ball screw 31, and a parallel to the ball screw 31. The Y-axis guides 34 and 34 are provided. The ball screw 31 is connected to the drive motor 33 via a coupling (not shown). The Y-axis saddle 38 is fixed to the spindle head 18. The nut 32 is screwed into the ball screw 31 and is fixed to the Y-axis saddle 38. Therefore, when the ball screw 31 is rotated by driving the drive motor 33, the nut 32 moves in the longitudinal direction (Y-axis direction) of the ball screw 31 together with the Y-axis saddle 38 along with the rotation. At this time, the Y-axis saddle 38 is supported by the linear Y-axis guides 34, 34 arranged in parallel with the ball screw 31, so that the Y-axis saddle 38 is guided in the moving direction and moves smoothly. As the Y-axis saddle 38 moves in this way, the spindle head 18 and the spindle 6 also move in the Y-axis direction.

  In this embodiment, the X-axis moving mechanism 10, the Z-axis moving mechanism 20, and the Y-axis moving mechanism 30 guide the feed mechanism of the nuts 12, 22, and 32 by the ball screws 11, 21, 31, and the movable part. The X-axis guide 14, the Z-axis guide 24, and the Y-axis guide 34 are combined. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a moving mechanism using a hydraulic mechanism or a linear motor can also be employed.

  In the present embodiment, the machine tool 1 including the moving mechanisms 10, 20, and 30 that move in three orthogonal axes is described. However, the machine tool 1 is not limited to three axes, and includes at least three axes. Needless to say, in addition to the moving mechanism that moves in the orthogonal three-axis directions, the table 4 may be rotated or the main shaft head 18 may be provided with a swing mechanism.

  By the way, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a tool magazine 8 that accommodates a plurality of tools 5 and selects an arbitrary tool 5 and supplies it to a column 7 is provided for each of a plurality (two) of columns 7. It is provided. In addition, the tool magazine 8 is each provided with respect to the column 7 provided with the spindle 6a, 6b which can replace | exchange the tool 5. FIG.

  Two tool magazines 8a and 8b (hereinafter, the two tool magazines may be collectively described as “8”) are attached to a frame 37 provided on the bed 3, and are attached to the front portions of the columns 7a and 7b. Each of them is arranged on the upper side and accommodates a processing tool 5 and the like used in the columns 7a and 7b.

  The tool magazine 8a (8b) includes a pair of sprockets 25, 25 arranged at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction, an endless chain 26 spanned between the sprockets 25, 25, and an outer peripheral side of the endless chain 26. Are provided with a plurality of tool gripping portions 27, 27, 27. One (upper in this embodiment) sprocket 25 is provided with a drive motor 28 (see FIG. 2). By rotating the sprocket 25, the endless chain 26 and the tool gripping portions 27, 27, 27,. Is configured to move the desired tool to the tool change position 29 (the lower end of the tool magazine 8a (8b)). Thus, since the tool magazines 8a and 8b are formed to extend in the vertical direction, the horizontal space can be saved, and the tool magazines 8a and 8b are provided in the columns 7a and 7b arranged in parallel in the X-axis direction. It has become.

  Here, the tool gripping portion 27 of the tool magazine 8a located above the column 7a having the large-diameter spindle 6a is a large-diameter tool gripping portion 27a that can accommodate the large-diameter tool 5. The large-diameter tool is accommodated. On the other hand, the tool gripping portion 27b of the tool magazine 8b located above the column 7b having the small-diameter main shaft 6b is a small-diameter tool gripping portion 27b that can be used for the small-diameter tool 5. Are to be accommodated.

  In the present embodiment, the tool magazine 8 is a chain type, but is not limited thereto. For example, other methods such as a disk type may be used, and are set appropriately in consideration of the shape and quantity of tools to be accommodated, space efficiency, and the like.

  When exchanging the tool 5, the column 7 is appropriately moved to move the spindle 6 to the tool exchanging position 29 at the lower part of the tool magazine 8, and the used tool is transferred to the empty tool gripping portion 27 and gripped. Thereafter, the tool gripper 27 that grips the desired tool is moved to the tool change position 29 and mounted on the spindle 6. The operations of these parts are appropriately commanded in accordance with the machining process of the workpiece 2 by a control program stored in a control unit (not shown).

  Here, various tools 5 are accommodated in the tool magazine 8. Specifically, tools such as a milling cutter, a drill, a tap, and an end mill are gripped by the tool gripping portions 27, 27, 27. Among these tools, a milling machine or a large-diameter tool that requires a relatively large machining torque is accommodated in a tool magazine 8a having a large-diameter tool gripping portion 27a. On the other hand, a small-diameter tool that requires a relatively small machining torque is accommodated in a tool magazine 8b having a small-diameter tool gripping portion 27b.

  In this embodiment, an angle head 5 a (see FIGS. 2 and 3) is used as the tool 5. The angle head 5a is detachably mounted on the main shaft 6a of at least one of the two columns 7a and 7b (column 7a in this embodiment). The angle head 5a is provided with a processing part such as a drill in a direction intersecting the main shaft 6a, and can process the side surface of the workpiece 2. The angle head 5a is configured such that a tip end portion thereof is rotatable, and an intersecting angle with the main shaft 6a of the processing portion can be adjusted. Of course, the angle head 5 a can be accommodated in the tool magazine 8 and can be exchanged with other tools 5 like other tools.

  Next, effects of the machine tool 1 according to the present embodiment will be described.

  According to the machine tool 1 according to the present embodiment, the tool magazines 8a and 8b are provided for the two columns 7a and 7b, respectively. Therefore, even when the tools are exchanged in both the columns 7a and 7b, the waiting time is maintained. There is no. That is, according to the machine tool 1, since relatively time-consuming tool change can be performed in parallel, time loss at the time of tool change does not occur, and the cycle time of the entire machining process can be shortened. And processing efficiency can be increased. Further, since the tool magazines 8a and 8b are fixed with respect to the bed 3, the columns 7a and 7b are light in weight, the load during column movement is reduced, and high-speed movement is possible. Further, since the two columns 7a and 7b are individually movable, the interval between the two columns 7a and 7b can be freely changed, and the individual feed control can be used for simultaneous machining of one workpiece 2. Can easily handle various workpieces.

  Further, the machine tool 1 is configured such that the main shaft 6a of one column 7a of the two columns 7a and 7b has a larger diameter than the main shaft 6b of the other column 7b, and includes a large-diameter main shaft 6a. Since the tool magazine 8a corresponding to the column 7a accommodates a tool 5 having a larger diameter than the tool 5 accommodated in the other tool magazine 8b, the column 7a, Appropriate processing can be performed for each of the 7b, and further improvement in processing efficiency and a wide range of processing options can be achieved. Moreover, since the tool 5 can be used properly according to the processing type, the type and size of the tool 5 can be unified for each of the tool magazines 8a and 8b, and the tool 5 can be accommodated efficiently.

  Further, if the angle head 5a is attached to the main shaft 6a of at least one of the two columns 7a and 7b, the tool 5 attached to the other column 7b while machining the side surface of the workpiece 2 with the angle head 5a. With this, the rear surface of the workpiece 2 can be machined. As described above, according to the machine tool 1 according to the present embodiment, for example, two surfaces can be simultaneously processed from different orientations of the rear surface and the side surface of the workpiece 2, so that the cycle time of the workpiece processing can be greatly reduced. Efficiency can be greatly increased.

  In this embodiment, the angle head 5a is attached to one column 7a. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the angle head is attached to the other column 7b, and two angle heads are used. You may make it do. Also in this case, since the side surface of the workpiece 2 and the opposite side surface can be processed at the same time, the processing efficiency can be increased.

  The best embodiment of the present invention has been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately changed in design without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, two columns 7 are provided, but a configuration in which a larger number of columns 7 are provided may be employed. In this case, as many tool magazines as the number of columns in which tools can be exchanged are provided.

It is the front view which showed the best embodiment of the machine tool which concerns on this invention. [BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS] It is the side view which showed the best embodiment of the machine tool based on this invention. 1 is a plan view showing a best embodiment of a machine tool according to the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Machine tool 2 Work 3 Bed 5 Tool 5a Angle head 6 Spindle 6a Spindle 6b Spindle 7 Column 7a Column 7b Column 8 Tool magazine 8a Tool magazine 8b Tool magazine

Claims (4)

A bed, and a plurality of columns provided individually movable on the bed;
A main shaft that is movably provided on the column and on which a machining tool can be attached and detached;
A plurality of tool magazines provided on a fixed frame on the bed corresponding to the plurality of columns;
A machine tool, comprising: a table provided on the bed and supporting a workpiece. Two columns are provided on the bed,
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the tool magazine is provided for each of the two columns. The main shaft of one of the two columns is configured to be detachable with a machining tool having a larger diameter than the main shaft of the other column,
The tool magazine corresponding to the column having a spindle on which the large-diameter machining tool can be attached / detached accommodates a machining tool having a larger diameter than the machining tool accommodated in the other tool magazine. The machine tool described. The machine tool according to claim 2 or 3, wherein an angle head as a machining tool is detachable with respect to a spindle of at least one of the two columns.

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