JP2008106457A - Tunnel excavator and tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Tunnel excavator and tunnel construction method Download PDF

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JP2008106457A
JP2008106457A JP2006287963A JP2006287963A JP2008106457A JP 2008106457 A JP2008106457 A JP 2008106457A JP 2006287963 A JP2006287963 A JP 2006287963A JP 2006287963 A JP2006287963 A JP 2006287963A JP 2008106457 A JP2008106457 A JP 2008106457A
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cutter head
tunnel
barrel
tunnel excavator
spray nozzle
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JP4776497B2 (en
Inventor
Kiyoaki Nishimura
清亮 西村
Takashi Okada
喬 岡田
Toshibumi Hirose
俊文 広瀬
Masaru Kawagoe
勝 河越
Minoru Hokari
実 保苅
Yoshiyuki Takahashi
義之 高橋
Masahiko Sugiyama
雅彦 杉山
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Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Machinery Systems Co Ltd
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Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Tunneling Machinery and Geotechnology Co Ltd
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  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve a problem wherein a tunnel excavator cannot be advanced due to a drum cylinder being pressed by the pressure of the natural ground when trying to advance the tunnel excavator because conventionally timbering is built up behind the drum cylinder and lining work is carried out by spraying concrete. <P>SOLUTION: The tunnel excavator comprises the drum cylinder 2, a cutter head 3 provided on the front side of the drum cylinder 2 and a jack provided on the rear side of the drum cylinder 2, and excavates the natural ground 44 with the cutter head 3 by rotationally driving the cutter head 3 while advancing by the drive of the jack. The tunnel excavator is provided with a spray nozzle 32 for spraying a timbering material 6 to the internal wall surface 42 of a tunnel void part formed between the rear end 10 of a peripheral edge part 9 of the cutter head 3 and the front end 12 of a peripheral edge part 11 of the drum cylinder 2, and a mounting part 49 capable of mounting a form device 50 for forming a lining part 69 on the internal wall surface 42 of the tunnel void part 41 facing the outer peripheral surface of the drum cylinder 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、トンネル掘削機の胴筒が地山の圧力で圧迫されないようにしてトンネル掘削機をスムーズに掘進させることができ、かつ、地山の土質に合った合理的な掘削作業の可能なトンネル掘削機及びトンネル施工方法に関する。   The present invention allows the tunnel excavator to be smoothly excavated so that the tunnel cylinder of the tunnel excavator is not compressed by the pressure of the natural ground, and allows rational excavation work suitable for the soil quality of the natural ground. The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator and a tunnel construction method.

胴筒と胴筒の前側に回転可能に設けられたカッタヘッドと胴筒の後側に設けられたジャッキとを備え、ジャッキの駆動により推進しながらカッタヘッドを回転駆動させることによりカッタヘッドで地山を掘削するトンネル掘削機において、トンネル掘削機の胴筒が前進する前に、胴筒の外周面とトンネル空洞部の内壁面との間に覆工コンクリートのような覆工部を形成することにより、掘削機の胴筒の外周面と覆工部の内壁面との間に隙間を形成することで、胴筒を前進させやすくすることが知られている。
上記覆工部は、地山の土質が軟弱地山であれば必要であるが、地山の土質が岩盤層や山岳層である場合には、厚さの厚い覆工部の形成は不経済となる。そこで、岩盤層や山岳層である場合には、胴筒の後方で支保を組んでコンクリート吹き付けによる覆工工事を行うことも知られている。
しかしながら、胴筒の後方で支保を組んでコンクリート吹き付けによる覆工工事を行う場合には、胴筒が地山の圧力で圧迫されて、トンネル掘削機が前進できなくなることがある。
特開２００４−１２４６９７号公報 A barrel head and a cutter head that is rotatably provided on the front side of the barrel and a jack that is provided on the rear side of the barrel are provided, and the cutter head is rotated and driven while being driven by the jack. In tunnel excavators that excavate mountains, before the tunnel cylinder of the tunnel excavator advances, a lining part such as lining concrete is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder and the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity. Thus, it is known that a gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the barrel of the excavator and the inner wall surface of the lining portion to facilitate the forward movement of the barrel.
The above lining part is necessary if the soil quality of the natural ground is soft ground, but if the soil quality of the natural ground is a rock layer or a mountainous layer, the formation of a thick lining part is uneconomical. It becomes. Therefore, in the case of a bedrock layer or a mountainous layer, it is also known to perform a lining work by spraying concrete with a support behind the trunk.
However, when carrying out lining work by spraying concrete with a support behind the trunk, the tunnel excavator may not be able to move forward because the trunk is pressed by the pressure of natural ground.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-124697

発明が解決しようとする課題は、従来は、胴筒の後方で支保を組んでコンクリート吹き付けによる覆工工事を行っているため、トンネル掘削機を前進させようとする場合に、胴筒が地山の圧力で圧迫されて、トンネル掘削機が前進できなくなるという点である。   Conventionally, the problem to be solved by the invention is that since the lining work is carried out by spraying concrete with a support behind the barrel, when the tunnel excavator is to be advanced, The tunnel excavator can no longer move forward due to pressure.

本発明に係るトンネル掘削機は、胴筒と胴筒の前側に設けられたカッタヘッドと胴筒の後側に設けられたジャッキとを備え、ジャッキの駆動により推進しながらカッタヘッドを回転駆動させることによってカッタヘッドで地山を掘削するトンネル掘削機において、カッタヘッドの周縁部の後端と胴筒の周縁部の前端との間に形成されたトンネル空洞部の内壁面に支保材を吹き付けるための吹付けノズルを備えるとともに、胴筒の外周面と対向するトンネル空洞部の内壁面に覆工部を形成するための型枠装置を取付可能な取付部を備えたことを特徴とする。
吹付けノズルが、カッタヘッドの後面又はカッタヘッドと一緒に回転する回転体に、カッタヘッドや回転体の周方向に沿って間隔を隔てて複数又は一つ配置されたことも特徴とする。
カッタヘッドを左回り方向及び右回り方向に所定角度だけ回転させる揺動駆動機構を備えたことも特徴とする。
吹付けノズルをカッタヘッド又は回転体の前後方向に沿って所定の範囲で往復移動させる前後方向揺動装置を備えたことも特徴とする。
本発明に係る別のトンネル掘削機は、胴筒と胴筒の前側に設けられたカッタヘッドと胴筒の後側に設けられたジャッキとを備え、ジャッキの駆動により推進しながらカッタヘッドを回転駆動させることによってカッタヘッドで地山を掘削するトンネル掘削機において、胴筒の前端側の周縁部には、カッタヘッドの周縁部の後端と胴筒の周縁部の前端との間に形成されたトンネル空洞部の内壁面に支保材を吹き付けて支保層を形成する吹付けノズル又は胴筒の周面と対向するトンネル空洞部の内壁面に覆工部を形成する型枠装置のいずれか一方を取付可能な取付部を備えたことを特徴とする。
取付部が、胴筒の周縁部に近い前端部に、胴筒の周方向に沿って複数設けられたことも特徴とする。
本発明に係るトンネル施工方法は、上記トンネル掘削機を用い、地山の土質に応じて、吹付けノズルによる支保層又は型枠装置による覆工部を選択して形成することを特徴とする。
トンネル掘削機を用い、掘削対象の土質が岩盤層のように崩落の危険が少ない場合には、吹付けノズルによる支保層を形成し、掘削対象の土質が軟弱土砂層のように崩落の危険がある場合には、型枠装置による覆工部を形成することも特徴とする。 A tunnel excavator according to the present invention includes a trunk cylinder, a cutter head provided on the front side of the trunk cylinder, and a jack provided on the rear side of the trunk cylinder, and rotates the cutter head while propelling by driving the jack. In a tunnel excavator that excavates natural ground with the cutter head, the support material is sprayed on the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity formed between the rear end of the peripheral edge of the cutter head and the front end of the peripheral edge of the barrel. And a mounting portion to which a formwork device for forming a lining portion can be attached to the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity facing the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder.
The spray nozzle is also characterized in that a plurality or one of the spray nozzles are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cutter head or the rotating body on the rear surface of the cutter head or the rotating body rotating together with the cutter head.
A swing drive mechanism is also provided that rotates the cutter head in a counterclockwise direction and a clockwise direction by a predetermined angle.
A back-and-forth oscillating device that reciprocates the spray nozzle in a predetermined range along the front-rear direction of the cutter head or the rotating body is also provided.
Another tunnel excavator according to the present invention includes a barrel, a cutter head provided on the front side of the barrel, and a jack provided on the rear side of the barrel, and rotates the cutter head while propelling by driving the jack. In a tunnel excavator that excavates natural ground with a cutter head by driving, a peripheral portion on the front end side of the barrel is formed between a rear end of the peripheral portion of the cutter head and a front end of the peripheral portion of the barrel. Either a spray nozzle that sprays a support material on the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity, or a formwork device that forms a lining on the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity facing the peripheral surface of the barrel It has the attachment part which can attach.
A plurality of attachment portions are also provided at the front end portion near the peripheral edge portion of the trunk cylinder along the circumferential direction of the trunk cylinder.
A tunnel construction method according to the present invention is characterized in that the tunnel excavator is used to select and form a support layer by a spray nozzle or a lining portion by a formwork device according to the soil quality of the natural ground.
When a tunnel excavator is used and the soil to be excavated has a low risk of collapsing, such as a bedrock layer, a supporting layer is formed by a spray nozzle, and the soil to be excavated has a risk of collapsing like a soft soil layer. In some cases, a lining portion is formed by a formwork device.

本発明のトンネル掘削機及びトンネル施工方法によれば、吹付けノズルによる支保材の吹き付けによってカッタヘッドの周縁部の後端と胴筒の周縁部の前端との間に形成されたトンネル空洞部の内壁面に支保層を形成するか、胴筒の外周面と対向するトンネル空洞部の内壁面に覆工部を形成できるので、胴筒が地山の圧力で圧迫されず、胴筒をスムーズに前進させることができるので、トンネル掘削作業を効率的に行える。
吹付けノズルをカッタヘッド又は回転体に設けたので、吹付けノズルがカッタヘッドや回転体と一緒に回転するため、吹付けノズルをカッタヘッド又は回転体の周方向に沿って移動させるためだけの専用の駆動装置を不要とできる。また、吹付けノズルがカッタヘッドや回転体と一緒に回転するため、カッタヘッドや回転体に吹付けノズルを１つだけ設けた構成とした場合でも、上記トンネル空洞部の内壁面に支保層を形成することが可能となる。複数の吹付けノズルがカッタヘッド又は回転体の周方向に沿って間隔を隔てて配置された構成とすれば、複数の吹付けノズルにより上記トンネル空洞部の内壁面に支保層を形成できるので、吹付け時間を短くでき、トンネル施工時間を短くできる。
カッタヘッドを左回り方向及び右回り方向に所定角度だけ回転させる揺動駆動機構を備えた構成とすれば、インバートの形成される部分に支保材の吹き付けを行わないようにでき、支保材の無駄を省けるとともに、インバートブロック敷設時において余分な支保材のはつり作業のような余分な作業を回避できる。
吹付けノズルをカッタヘッドの前後方向に沿って所定の範囲で往復移動させる前後方向揺動装置を備えれば、上記トンネル空洞部の内壁面におけるカッタヘッドの回転中心軸に沿った方向に渡って支保層を形成できる。
取付部を胴筒の周縁部に近い前端部に胴筒の周方向に沿って複数設けたことで、トンネル空洞部の内壁面に環状の覆工部を形成できたり、インバートの形成される部分を除いたトンネル空洞部の内壁面に覆工部を形成できる。 According to the tunnel excavator and the tunnel construction method of the present invention, the tunnel cavity portion formed between the rear end of the peripheral edge of the cutter head and the front end of the peripheral edge of the barrel by the spraying of the support material by the spray nozzle. Since a support layer can be formed on the inner wall surface or a lining part can be formed on the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity facing the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder, the cylinder is not compressed by the pressure of the natural ground, and the cylinder can be smoothly Since it can be moved forward, tunnel excavation work can be performed efficiently.
Since the spray nozzle is provided on the cutter head or the rotary body, the spray nozzle rotates together with the cutter head or the rotary body, so that the spray nozzle is only moved along the circumferential direction of the cutter head or the rotary body. A dedicated drive device can be dispensed with. In addition, since the spray nozzle rotates together with the cutter head and the rotary body, even when the spray head is provided with only one spray nozzle, a support layer is provided on the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity. It becomes possible to form. If a plurality of spray nozzles are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cutter head or the rotating body, a support layer can be formed on the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity by the plurality of spray nozzles. Spraying time can be shortened and tunnel construction time can be shortened.
If the structure is provided with a rocking drive mechanism that rotates the cutter head counterclockwise and clockwise by a predetermined angle, it is possible to prevent the support material from being sprayed on the portion where the invert is formed, and the support material is wasted. In addition, it is possible to avoid an extra work such as a hanging work of an extra support material when laying an invert block.
If a front-rear direction swinging device that reciprocates the spray nozzle in a predetermined range along the front-rear direction of the cutter head is provided, it extends in the direction along the center axis of rotation of the cutter head on the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity. A support layer can be formed.
A part where an annular lining part can be formed on the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity or an invert is formed by providing a plurality of attachment parts along the circumferential direction of the cylinder at the front end near the peripheral part of the cylinder A lining portion can be formed on the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity excluding.

図１及び図２は最良の形態を示し、図１はトンネル掘削機の構成を断面で示し、図２はトンネル掘削機の岩盤層掘削形態と軟弱層掘削形態とを示す。   1 and 2 show the best mode, FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a tunnel excavator in cross section, and FIG. 2 shows a rock layer excavation form and a soft layer excavation form of the tunnel excavator.

図１を参照し、トンネル掘削機１の構成を説明する。
掘削対象の土質が岩盤層や山岳層のように崩落の危険が少ない場合の掘削の際には、トンネル掘削機１は、円筒状の胴筒２、地山掘削用のカッタヘッド３、カッタヘッド駆動機構４、推進用のジャッキ５、モルタルやコンクリートのような支保材６の吹付け装置７、着脱部４９を備えた形態である（以下、岩盤層掘削形態という）。即ち、岩盤層掘削形態のトンネル掘削機１による掘削の際には、塞板４８が取付部４９に取付けられる（図２（ａ）参照）。 The configuration of the tunnel excavator 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
When excavation is performed when the soil to be excavated has a low risk of collapsing, such as a rock layer or a mountain layer, the tunnel excavator 1 includes a cylindrical trunk 2, a cutter head 3 for excavating natural ground, and a cutter head. It is a form provided with the drive mechanism 4, the jack 5 for propulsion, the spraying device 7 of the supporting material 6 like mortar and concrete, and the attachment / detachment part 49 (henceforth a rock formation excavation form). That is, during excavation by the rock excavation type tunnel excavator 1, the block 48 is attached to the attachment portion 49 (see FIG. 2A).

カッタヘッド３の周縁部９の後端１０と胴筒２の周縁部１１の前端１２とが所定の間隔Ｈを隔てて配置される。所定の間隔Ｈは５０ｃｍ程度以上に設定される。即ち、カッタヘッド３の周縁部９の後端１０と胴筒２の周縁部１１の前端１２との間（以下、カッタ胴筒間という）が間隔Ｈに設定される。
胴筒２の内側には、図外の、スクリューコンベア、支保工やセグメントの組立装置、反力受板保持装置などを備える。胴筒２は、スキンプレートやテールプレートなどと呼ばれる部分である。 A rear end 10 of the peripheral edge 9 of the cutter head 3 and a front end 12 of the peripheral edge 11 of the barrel 2 are arranged with a predetermined distance H therebetween. The predetermined interval H is set to about 50 cm or more. In other words, the distance H is set between the rear end 10 of the peripheral edge 9 of the cutter head 3 and the front end 12 of the peripheral edge 11 of the cylinder 2 (hereinafter referred to as between the cutter cylinders).
Inside the barrel 2, there are provided a screw conveyor, a supporting and segment assembly device, a reaction force receiving plate holding device, etc., not shown. The barrel 2 is a part called a skin plate or a tail plate.

カッタヘッド３は、円盤状の面盤１３の前面１４に複数のカッタビット１５を備えた構成であり、胴筒２の前側に、中心軸１６を回転中心として回転可能に設けられる。
カッタヘッド３を回転させるためのカッタヘッド駆動機構４は、胴筒２の前側に中心軸１６を回転中心として回転可能に設けられた回転盤１７と、回転盤１７の周縁部１８に沿って後方に突出して設けられたリング体１９の内側（あるいは外側）に内歯ギヤ２０が形成されたリングギヤ２１と、複数の駆動モータ２２と、駆動モータ２２のモータ軸２３に設けられてリングギヤ２１の内歯ギヤ２０に噛み合う駆動ギヤ２４と、回転盤１７の前面２５とカッタヘッド３の後面２６とを連結する複数の連結部材２７とで形成される。複数の駆動モータ２２のモータ軸２３が回転すると、駆動ギヤ２４の回転力がリングギヤ２１に伝達されて回転盤１７及びカッタヘッド３が回転する。尚、回転盤１７とリングギヤ２１とにより形成される回転体１７Ａは、胴筒２の前部に形成された回転収容部１７Ｂに前後移動が規制された状態で回転可能に収容される。
ジャッキ５は、胴筒２の後側の内面に周方向に沿って複数個設けられる。 The cutter head 3 has a configuration in which a plurality of cutter bits 15 are provided on a front surface 14 of a disk-shaped face plate 13, and is provided on the front side of the barrel 2 so as to be rotatable about a central axis 16 as a rotation center.
The cutter head drive mechanism 4 for rotating the cutter head 3 includes a rotary disk 17 provided on the front side of the barrel 2 so as to be rotatable about the central axis 16 and a rear edge along the peripheral edge 18 of the rotary disk 17. A ring gear 21 in which an internal gear 20 is formed inside (or outside) a ring body 19 that protrudes from the ring body 19, a plurality of drive motors 22, and a motor shaft 23 of the drive motor 22. The drive gear 24 meshes with the tooth gear 20, and a plurality of connecting members 27 that connect the front surface 25 of the rotating disk 17 and the rear surface 26 of the cutter head 3. When the motor shafts 23 of the plurality of drive motors 22 are rotated, the rotational force of the drive gear 24 is transmitted to the ring gear 21 and the turntable 17 and the cutter head 3 are rotated. The rotating body 17A formed by the rotating disk 17 and the ring gear 21 is rotatably accommodated in a rotation accommodating portion 17B formed at the front portion of the barrel 2 in a state in which front-rear movement is restricted.
A plurality of jacks 5 are provided on the inner surface of the rear side of the barrel 2 along the circumferential direction.

吹付け装置７は、材料圧送装置３０、混合機３１、吹付けノズル３２を備える。
吹付けノズル３２と混合機３１とがホース３３で互いに繋がれ、混合機３１と材料圧送装置３０とがホース３４で互いに繋がれる。
尚、吹付け方式には、乾式と湿式とがある。
乾式の場合、図外の吹付け材料生成部から材料圧送装置３０に供給されたドライモルタルやドライコンクリートなどの吹付け材料が材料圧送装置３０から混合機３１及び吹付けノズル３２に向けて圧送されるとともに、急結材が混合機３１に供給され、水が混合機３１に供給されることによって、吹付け材料と水と急結材とが混合されて生成された支保材６が吹付けノズル３２を経由して噴射される。
湿式の場合、図外の吹付け材料生成部から材料圧送装置３０に供給された生モルタルや生コンクリートなどの吹付け材料が材料圧送装置３０から混合機３１及び吹付けノズル３２に向けて圧送されるとともに、急結材が混合機３１に供給されることによって、水分を含んだ吹付け材料と急結材とが混合されて生成された支保材６が吹付けノズル３２を経由して噴射される。 The spraying device 7 includes a material pressure feeding device 30, a mixer 31, and a spray nozzle 32.
The spray nozzle 32 and the mixer 31 are connected to each other by a hose 33, and the mixer 31 and the material pressure feeding device 30 are connected to each other by a hose 34.
There are two types of spraying methods: dry and wet.
In the case of the dry type, spray materials such as dry mortar and dry concrete supplied from the spray material generating unit (not shown) to the material pumping device 30 are pumped from the material pumping device 30 toward the mixer 31 and the spray nozzle 32. At the same time, the quick setting material is supplied to the mixer 31 and the water is supplied to the mixer 31, so that the support material 6 generated by mixing the spray material, water, and the quick setting material is the spray nozzle. It is injected via 32.
In the case of the wet type, spray materials such as raw mortar and ready concrete supplied from the spray material generating unit (not shown) to the material pumping device 30 are pumped from the material pumping device 30 toward the mixer 31 and the spray nozzle 32. At the same time, when the quick setting material is supplied to the mixer 31, the supporting material 6 generated by mixing the spray material containing moisture and the quick setting material is injected via the spray nozzle 32. The

吹付けノズル３２は、カッタヘッド３の周縁部９に近い後面２６に１つだけ設けられる。吹付けノズル３２には、ジャッキなどを用いた図外の前後揺動装置が設けられる。前後方向揺動装置は、吹付けノズル３２をカッタヘッド３の前後方向に沿って所定の範囲で往復移動させるアクチュエータであり、図外の制御装置により制御される。つまり、吹付けノズル３２は、前後揺動装置によって矢印Ａの如くカッタヘッド３の前後方向に所定の範囲で首振りのように揺動可能に構成されるとともに、カッタヘッド３と一緒に回転する。例えば、吹付けノズル３２を前後揺動装置によって前後に揺動させながらカッタヘッド３をゆっくりと回転させることによって、カッタ胴筒間のトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に支保層４３を形成できる。特に、吹付けノズル３２を前後揺動装置によって前後方向に首振りのように揺動駆動する構成としたことで、カッタ胴筒間（間隔Ｈ）が長い場合であっても、カッタ胴筒間のトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２におけるカッタヘッド３の中心軸１６に沿った方向に渡って支保層４３を形成できる。   Only one spray nozzle 32 is provided on the rear surface 26 near the peripheral edge 9 of the cutter head 3. The spray nozzle 32 is provided with a back-and-forth swinging device (not shown) using a jack or the like. The front-rear direction swing device is an actuator that reciprocates the spray nozzle 32 in a predetermined range along the front-rear direction of the cutter head 3, and is controlled by a control device (not shown). That is, the spray nozzle 32 is configured to swing like a swing in a predetermined range in the front-rear direction of the cutter head 3 as indicated by an arrow A by the front-rear swing device, and rotates together with the cutter head 3. . For example, the support layer 43 can be formed on the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity 41 between the cutter cylinders by slowly rotating the cutter head 3 while the spray nozzle 32 is swung back and forth by a back and forth swinging device. In particular, since the spray nozzle 32 is driven to swing like a swing in the front-rear direction by a front-rear swing device, even if the distance between the cutter cylinders (the interval H) is long, the distance between the cutter cylinders The support layer 43 can be formed in the direction along the central axis 16 of the cutter head 3 on the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity 41.

また、胴筒２の周縁部１１の前端部には、前方に尖った形状に形成された支保材はつり部２ａが形成される。支保材はつり部２ａは、胴筒２の周縁部１１の前端１２から胴筒２の中心に向けて胴筒２の後方に傾斜する傾斜面２ｂを備え、傾斜面２ｂと胴筒２の周面とのなす角度が鋭角に形成された形状である。支保材はつり部２ａは、胴筒２の前方から見た場合に、胴筒２の周縁部１１に沿って円環状に形成される。この支保材はつり部２ａを備えているため、トンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に吹き付けられた支保材６の余盛部分が、胴筒２の前進に伴って支保材はつり部２ａの先鋭な前端１２により削られる。   Moreover, the support part formed in the shape sharpened ahead is formed in the front-end part of the peripheral part 11 of the trunk | drum 2 at the suspension part 2a. The support member has a suspended portion 2 a having an inclined surface 2 b that is inclined rearward from the front end 12 of the peripheral edge portion 11 of the barrel 2 toward the center of the barrel 2, and the inclined surface 2 b and the circumferential surface of the barrel 2. This is a shape formed with an acute angle. The support member is formed in an annular shape along the peripheral edge 11 of the trunk cylinder 2 when the suspension part 2 a is viewed from the front of the trunk cylinder 2. Since this support material is provided with the suspension portion 2a, the surplus portion of the support material 6 sprayed on the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity portion 41 has a sharp front end of the support portion 2a as the barrel 2 advances. 12 is scraped off.

掘削対象の土質が岩盤層のように崩落の危険が少ない場合のトンネル掘削方法を説明する。
ジャッキ５のピストン４０の反力受けを設置し、ジャッキ５のピストン４０を駆動するとともにカッタヘッド３を駆動することによってトンネル掘削機１で地山４４を掘削して掘進する。トンネル掘削機１の掘進によって、カッタ胴筒間に素掘り状態のトンネル空洞部４１を形成し、そのトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に、吹付けノズル３２から支保材６を噴射して吹き付けることにより支保層４３を形成する。以後、トンネル掘削機１をそのまま掘進させながら、掘進によりカッタ胴筒間に形成される素掘り状態のトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に支保材６を噴射して吹き付けることにより支保層４３を形成していく。即ち、トンネル掘削機１と吹付け装置７とをともに駆動し、トンネル掘削機１を掘進させながらカッタ胴筒間に形成されたトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に吹付け装置７により支保材６を吹き付けて支保層４３を形成する。つまり、トンネル掘削機１の掘進によりカッタ胴筒間に素掘り状態のトンネル空洞部４１が形成された直後に、このトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に吹付け装置７によって支保層４３を形成する。 The tunnel excavation method when the soil to be excavated has a low risk of collapsing like a rock formation will be explained.
A reaction force receiver of the piston 40 of the jack 5 is installed, and the piston 40 of the jack 5 is driven and the cutter head 3 is driven to excavate the ground 44 with the tunnel excavator 1. By tunneling the tunnel excavator 1, a tunnel cavity 41 is formed between the cutter cylinders, and the support material 6 is sprayed and sprayed from the spray nozzle 32 onto the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity 41. Thus, the support layer 43 is formed. Thereafter, while the tunnel excavator 1 is being excavated as it is, the support layer 43 is formed by spraying and spraying the support material 6 onto the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity 41 in an unexposed state formed between the cutter cylinders by excavation. I will do it. That is, the tunnel excavator 1 and the spraying device 7 are driven together, and the supporting material 6 is applied to the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity 41 formed between the cutter cylinders while the tunnel excavator 1 is being advanced by the spraying device 7. To form the support layer 43. That is, immediately after the tunnel cavities 41 in the uncut state are formed between the cutter cylinders by the tunnel excavator 1, the support layer 43 is formed on the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavities 41 by the spraying device 7. .

したがって、トンネル掘削機１を前進させる前に、胴筒２の前方に形成されたトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に支保層４６を形成できるため、トンネル掘削機１を前進させる際には、支保層４６によって胴筒２の前方の地山４０が支持されていることによって、胴筒２が地山４０の圧力で圧迫されず、トンネル掘削機１がスムーズに前進する。したがって、トンネル掘削作業を効率的に行える。   Accordingly, since the support layer 46 can be formed on the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity 41 formed in front of the barrel 2 before the tunnel excavator 1 is advanced, the support is not required when the tunnel excavator 1 is advanced. Since the ground 46 in front of the trunk 2 is supported by the layer 46, the trunk 2 is not compressed by the pressure of the ground 40, and the tunnel excavator 1 moves forward smoothly. Therefore, tunnel excavation work can be performed efficiently.

掘削対象の土質が軟弱土砂層のように崩落の危険がある場合の掘削の際には、トンネル掘削機１は、図２（ｂ）に示すように、取付部４９に型枠装置５０が取付けられた形態である（以下、軟弱層掘削形態という）。   At the time of excavation when the soil to be excavated has a risk of collapsing such as a soft soil layer, the tunnel excavator 1 has the formwork device 50 attached to the attachment portion 49 as shown in FIG. (Hereinafter referred to as a soft layer excavation form).

取付部４９は、胴筒２の周縁部１１に近い前端部４５に、胴筒２の周方向に沿って間隔を隔てて複数設けられる。岩盤層掘削形態のトンネル掘削機１による掘削の際には、塞板４８が取付部４９に取付けられ、塞板４８によって胴筒２の内側と外側とが遮断された状態である（図２（ａ）参照）。一方、軟弱層掘削形態のトンネル掘削機１による掘削の際には、型枠装置５０が取付部４９に取付けられ、型枠装置５０によって胴筒の内側と外側とが遮断された状態である（図２（ｂ）参照）   A plurality of attachment portions 49 are provided at a front end portion 45 near the peripheral edge portion 11 of the barrel 2 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the barrel 2. During excavation by the rock excavation type tunnel excavator 1, the closing plate 48 is attached to the attachment portion 49, and the inside and outside of the cylinder 2 are blocked by the closing plate 48 (FIG. 2 ( a)). On the other hand, at the time of excavation by the tunnel excavator 1 of the soft layer excavation form, the formwork device 50 is attached to the attachment portion 49, and the inside and outside of the trunk are blocked by the formwork device 50 ( (See FIG. 2 (b))

型枠装置５０は、取付基盤５１、内枠５２、前枠５３、左右仕切枠５４、後部遮蔽構成体５５、前部遮蔽構成体５６、支保材注入装置５７、前方塞体５８、内枠用ジャッキ５９などを備える。後部遮蔽構成体５５は、後部遮蔽板６０、後部遮蔽板を昇降するジャッキ６１を備える。後部遮蔽板６０はジャッキ６１のピストン６２に取付けられて、ピストン６２の伸縮作動によって内壁面４２の方向に進退可能である。内枠５２は内枠用ジャッキ５９のピストン６３に取付けられて、ピストン６３の伸縮作動によって内壁面４２の方向に進退可能である。前部遮蔽構成体５６は、エアチューブ６４、エア供給管６５を備え、エアチューブ６４がエアにより内壁面４２の方向に膨らんで前部を遮蔽する。支保材注入装置５７は注入口６６が内枠５２の内面６７に露出する。支保材注入装置５７と混合機３１とが支保材供給管５８ａによって互いに繋がれる。取付基盤５１には、支保材注入装置５７、内枠用ジャッキ５９、ジャッキ６１などが取り付けられる。取付基盤５１は止ねじ６８などで取付部４９に取付けられる。前方塞体５８は、カッタヘッド３が回転可能なように、カッタヘッド３の周縁部９の後端１０と胴筒２の周縁部１１の前端１２との間を塞ぐ。   The formwork device 50 includes a mounting base 51, an inner frame 52, a front frame 53, a left and right partition frame 54, a rear shielding structure 55, a front shielding structure 56, a support material injection device 57, a front closing body 58, and an inner frame. A jack 59 is provided. The rear shielding component 55 includes a rear shielding plate 60 and a jack 61 that raises and lowers the rear shielding plate. The rear shielding plate 60 is attached to the piston 62 of the jack 61 and can be advanced and retracted in the direction of the inner wall surface 42 by the expansion and contraction operation of the piston 62. The inner frame 52 is attached to the piston 63 of the inner frame jack 59 and can be advanced and retracted in the direction of the inner wall surface 42 by the expansion and contraction operation of the piston 63. The front shielding structure 56 includes an air tube 64 and an air supply pipe 65, and the air tube 64 swells in the direction of the inner wall surface 42 with air to shield the front part. In the support material injection device 57, the injection port 66 is exposed on the inner surface 67 of the inner frame 52. The support material injection device 57 and the mixer 31 are connected to each other by a support material supply pipe 58a. A support material injection device 57, an inner frame jack 59, a jack 61, and the like are attached to the mounting base 51. The mounting base 51 is attached to the mounting portion 49 with a set screw 68 or the like. The front closing body 58 closes the space between the rear end 10 of the peripheral edge 9 of the cutter head 3 and the front end 12 of the peripheral edge 11 of the barrel 2 so that the cutter head 3 can rotate.

軟弱層掘削形態のトンネル掘削機１による掘削の際には、胴筒２が前進する前に、胴筒２の外周面と内壁面４２との間に、型枠装置５０によって直打ち支保材ライニングと呼ばれるような覆工部６９を形成する。   When excavating with the tunnel excavator 1 of the soft layer excavation form, before the trunk cylinder 2 moves forward, the direct-support support material lining is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the trunk cylinder 2 and the inner wall surface 42 by the formwork device 50. A lining portion 69 is formed.

型枠装置５０による覆工部６９の形成方法を説明する。まず、後部遮蔽板６０を内壁面４２の方向に出し、エアチューブ６４にエアを供給してエアチューブ６４を膨らますことによって、内壁面４２、内枠の内面６７、左右仕切枠５４、エアチューブ６４、後部遮蔽板６０によって囲まれた空間７０を形成する。図外の開閉弁を開けると混合機３１から支保材供給管５８ａを経由して支保材注入装置５７に支保材が供給され、支保材注入装置５７により空間７０内に支保材が注入される。空間７０内に支保材を注入した後、内枠用ジャッキ５９を伸ばすように駆動して内枠５２の内面６７で支保材を内壁面４２に押圧して固めることによって、胴筒２との覆工部６９の内面との間に胴筒２が前に推進しやすいように隙間を形成する。以上の動作をトンネル掘削機１が所定の距離だけ前進する毎に行う。尚、後方にすでに覆工部６９形成された後は、後部遮蔽板６０を作動させる必要はない。   A method for forming the lining portion 69 by the mold apparatus 50 will be described. First, the rear shielding plate 60 is extended in the direction of the inner wall surface 42, and air is supplied to the air tube 64 to expand the air tube 64, whereby the inner wall surface 42, the inner surface 67 of the inner frame, the left and right partition frames 54, and the air tube 64. A space 70 surrounded by the rear shielding plate 60 is formed. When the opening / closing valve (not shown) is opened, the support material is supplied from the mixer 31 via the support material supply pipe 58 a to the support material injection device 57, and the support material is injected into the space 70 by the support material injection device 57. After injecting the support material into the space 70, the inner frame jack 59 is driven to extend, and the support material is pressed against the inner wall surface 42 by the inner surface 67 of the inner frame 52 to be hardened. A gap is formed between the inner surface of the working portion 69 so that the barrel 2 can be easily pushed forward. The above operation is performed every time the tunnel excavator 1 moves forward by a predetermined distance. In addition, after the lining part 69 is already formed in the rear, it is not necessary to operate the rear shielding plate 60.

したがって、トンネル掘削機１の胴筒２が前進する前に、胴筒２の外周面と内壁面４２との間に、型枠装置５０によって直打ちモルタルライニングと呼ばれるような覆工部６９を形成できるので、胴筒２が地山４０の圧力で圧迫されず、トンネル掘削機１がスムーズに前進する。したがって、トンネル掘削作業を効率的に行える。   Therefore, before the trunk cylinder 2 of the tunnel excavator 1 moves forward, a lining part 69 called a direct mortar lining is formed by the formwork device 50 between the outer peripheral surface of the trunk cylinder 2 and the inner wall surface 42. Therefore, the tunnel cylinder 1 is smoothly advanced without the trunk cylinder 2 being pressed by the pressure of the natural ground 40. Therefore, tunnel excavation work can be performed efficiently.

最良の形態によれば、吹付けノズル３２による支保材６の吹き付けによってカッタヘッド３の周縁部９の後端１０と胴筒２の周縁部１１の前端１２との間に形成されたトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に胴筒２が前進する前に支保層４３を形成するか、胴筒２の外周面と対向するトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に覆工部６９を形成できるので、地山の条件にかかわらず、胴筒２が地山の圧力で圧迫されず、胴筒２をスムーズに前進させることができるので、トンネル掘削作業を効率的に行える。
また、トンネル掘削機１と吹付け装置７とをともに駆動し、トンネル掘削機１の掘削作業と吹付け装置７による吹付け作業とを一緒に行えるので、作業時間を短くできる。
また、吹付けノズル３２がカッタヘッド３と一緒に回転するので、吹付けノズル３２を胴筒２の周方向に沿って移動させるためだけの専用の駆動装置を不要とでき、経済的である。
また、吹付けノズル３２がカッタヘッド３と一緒に回転するため、カッタヘッド３に吹付けノズル３２を１つだけ設けた構成としても、カッタ胴筒間のトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２の周方向に渡って支保層４３を形成できる。
また、前後方向揺動装置を備えたことで、カッタ胴筒間のトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２におけるカッタヘッド３の中心軸１６に沿った方向に渡って支保層４３を形成できる。
また、取付部４９を、胴筒２の周縁部１１に近い前端部４５に胴筒２の周方向に沿って複数設けたことで、複数の型枠装置５０を用いて、トンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に環状の覆工部６９を容易に形成できる。 According to the best mode, the tunnel cavity formed between the rear end 10 of the peripheral portion 9 of the cutter head 3 and the front end 12 of the peripheral portion 11 of the barrel 2 by the spraying of the support material 6 by the spray nozzle 32. Since the support layer 43 can be formed on the inner wall 42 of the tunnel 41 before the barrel 2 moves forward, or the lining portion 69 can be formed on the inner wall 42 of the tunnel cavity 41 facing the outer circumferential surface of the barrel 2. Regardless of mountain conditions, the barrel 2 is not compressed by the pressure of the natural ground, and the barrel 2 can be smoothly advanced, so that tunnel excavation work can be performed efficiently.
Further, since both the tunnel excavator 1 and the spraying device 7 are driven and the excavation work of the tunnel excavator 1 and the spraying work by the spraying device 7 can be performed together, the work time can be shortened.
Further, since the spray nozzle 32 rotates together with the cutter head 3, a dedicated drive device for moving the spray nozzle 32 along the circumferential direction of the barrel 2 can be eliminated, which is economical.
Further, since the spray nozzle 32 rotates together with the cutter head 3, even if the cutter head 3 is provided with only one spray nozzle 32, the periphery of the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity 41 between the cutter cylinders. The supporting layer 43 can be formed across the direction.
In addition, the support layer 43 can be formed in the direction along the central axis 16 of the cutter head 3 on the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity 41 between the cutter cylinders by providing the front-rear direction swing device.
Further, by providing a plurality of attachment portions 49 along the circumferential direction of the barrel 2 at the front end 45 close to the peripheral edge 11 of the barrel 2, a plurality of the formwork devices 50 are used to form the tunnel cavity 41. An annular lining portion 69 can be easily formed on the inner wall surface 42.

他の形態１
吹付けノズル３２を、回転体１７Ａの前面２５における周縁部１８に近い位置に１つだけ設け、かつ、吹付けノズル３２に上述した前後揺動装置を設けた構成とした場合でも、上述した最良の形態と同じ効果が得られる。 Other form 1
Even in the case where only one spray nozzle 32 is provided at a position near the peripheral edge 18 on the front surface 25 of the rotating body 17A, and the above-described back-and-forth swing device is provided in the spray nozzle 32, the above-described best is achieved. The same effect can be obtained as in

他の形態２
吹付けノズル３２が、カッタヘッド３の後面２６又は回転体１７Ａの前面２５に、カッタヘッド３や回転体１７Ａの周方向に沿って間隔を隔てて配置された構成とすれば、複数の吹付けノズル３２によりトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に支保層４３を形成でき、複数の吹付けノズル３２による吹付け時間を短くできるので、トンネル施工時間を短くできる。 Other form 2
If the spray nozzle 32 is configured to be arranged on the rear surface 26 of the cutter head 3 or the front surface 25 of the rotating body 17A at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cutter head 3 or the rotating body 17A, a plurality of spraying nozzles are provided. Since the support layer 43 can be formed on the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity 41 by the nozzle 32 and the spraying time by the plurality of spray nozzles 32 can be shortened, the tunnel construction time can be shortened.

他の形態３
一緒に回転するカッタヘッド３と回転体１７Ａとを中心軸１６を回転中心として左回り方向及び右回り方向に所定角度αだけ回転させる揺動駆動機構を設ける。例えば、カッタヘッド３と回転体１７Ａとを左回り方向及び右回り方向にそれぞれα＝１４０°だけ回転させる、所謂、揺動構成とする（即ち、揺動角度範囲は２α＝２８０°）。この構成において、例えば、図３に示すように、カッタヘッド３の後面２６や回転体１７Ａの前面２５の回転初期位置における時計の１２時の位置を揺動基準点Ｇと決めておき、揺動基準点Ｇの位置に吹付けノズル３２を１つ取付けたことによって、図３に示すインバート４６の形成される部分に支保材６の吹き付けを行わないようにする。つまり、インバート４６の形成される部分は胴筒２の下部の外周面に対向する地山部分であり、この地山部分は胴筒２を圧迫しないので、インバート４６の形成される部分に支保材６を吹き付けないようにすることは、支保材６の無駄を省けるとともに、インバートブロック敷設時において余分な支保材のはつり作業のような余分な作業を回避できる。 Other form 3
A swing drive mechanism is provided for rotating the cutter head 3 and the rotating body 17A rotating together by a predetermined angle α in the counterclockwise direction and the clockwise direction with the central axis 16 as the center of rotation. For example, the cutter head 3 and the rotating body 17A are rotated in the counterclockwise direction and the clockwise direction by α = 140 °, respectively, so-called swing configuration (that is, the swing angle range is 2α = 280 °). In this configuration, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the 12 o'clock position of the timepiece at the initial rotation position of the rear surface 26 of the cutter head 3 or the front surface 25 of the rotating body 17A is determined as the oscillation reference point G, By mounting one spray nozzle 32 at the position of the reference point G, the support material 6 is not sprayed on the portion where the invert 46 shown in FIG. 3 is formed. That is, the portion where the invert 46 is formed is a natural ground portion facing the outer peripheral surface of the lower portion of the trunk cylinder 2, and the natural ground portion does not press the trunk cylinder 2. By not spraying 6, waste of the support material 6 can be eliminated, and an extra work such as a hanging work of the extra support material can be avoided when laying the invert block.

即ち、カッタヘッド３の後面２６や回転体１７Ａの前面２５における揺動基準点Ｇの位置に吹付けノズル３２を１つだけ取付け、カッタヘッド３の揺動角度範囲を、インバート４６の形成される部分以外のトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２の周面の角度範囲に合わせることによって、インバート４６の形成される部分を除いたトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に支保材６を吹き付けて支保層４３を形成できる。   That is, only one spray nozzle 32 is attached to the position of the swing reference point G on the rear surface 26 of the cutter head 3 and the front surface 25 of the rotating body 17A, and the invert 46 is formed in the swing angle range of the cutter head 3. The support material 6 is sprayed onto the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity portion 41 excluding the portion where the invert 46 is formed by matching the angular range of the peripheral surface of the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity portion 41 other than the portion. Can be formed.

揺動駆動機構は、駆動モータを正逆回転制御して中心軸１６を回転させるモータ制御方式、油圧ジャッキのようなジャッキを用いて中心軸１６を回転させるジャッキ方式、中心軸１６に設けたピニオンとこのピニオンを往復直線運動させるラックとの噛み合いによって中心軸１６を回転させるラックピニオン方式などによって実現可能である。尚、ジャッキ方式、ラックピニオン方式の場合、図１の駆動モータ２２及びリングギヤ２１は不要である。ジャッキ方式において吹付け範囲に対応する揺動角度範囲が不足する場合は、カッタヘッド３の後面２６や回転体１７Ａの前面２５における周方向において吹付けノズル３２を間隔を隔てて複数設ければよい。例えば、揺動基準点Ｇから左回り方向及び右回り方向にそれぞれ１４０°の角度範囲の周面に吹き付けを行いたい場合において、ジャッキ方式によりカッタヘッド３が揺動基準点Ｇから左回り方向及び右回り方向にそれぞれ７０°しか回転させることができない場合は、カッタヘッド３の後面２６や回転体１７Ａの前面２５において揺動基準点Ｇから左回り方向及び右回り方向にそれぞれ７０°の位置に吹付けノズル３２を1つずつ取付ければよい。   The swing drive mechanism includes a motor control system that rotates the central shaft 16 by controlling forward and reverse rotation of the drive motor, a jack system that rotates the central shaft 16 using a jack such as a hydraulic jack, and a pinion provided on the central shaft 16. And a rack and pinion system that rotates the central shaft 16 by meshing with a rack that reciprocally moves the pinion linearly. In the case of the jack method and the rack and pinion method, the drive motor 22 and the ring gear 21 in FIG. 1 are not necessary. When the swing angle range corresponding to the spray range is insufficient in the jack method, a plurality of spray nozzles 32 may be provided at intervals in the circumferential direction of the rear surface 26 of the cutter head 3 and the front surface 25 of the rotating body 17A. . For example, when it is desired to spray the circumferential surface of the angle range of 140 ° in the counterclockwise direction and the clockwise direction from the swing reference point G, the cutter head 3 is moved counterclockwise and In the case where only 70 ° can be rotated in the clockwise direction, each of the rear surface 26 of the cutter head 3 and the front surface 25 of the rotating body 17A is positioned at 70 ° in the counterclockwise and clockwise directions from the swing reference point G. The spray nozzles 32 may be attached one by one.

尚、他の形態３において、取付部４９を、インバート４６の形成される部分に対応する部分を除いて胴筒２の周縁部１１に近い前端部４５に胴筒２の周方向に沿って複数設けることで、インバート４６の形成される部分を除いたトンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２に、複数の型枠装置５０を用いて覆工部６９を容易に形成できる。   In the third embodiment, a plurality of attachment portions 49 are provided along the circumferential direction of the barrel 2 at the front end 45 close to the peripheral edge 11 of the barrel 2 except for the portion corresponding to the portion where the invert 46 is formed. By providing, the lining part 69 can be easily formed on the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity 41 excluding the part where the invert 46 is formed, using the plurality of mold devices 50.

他の形態４
カッタヘッド３の後面２６や回転体１７Ａの前面２５に吹付けノズル３２を設けずに、取付部４９に吹付けノズル３２及び型枠装置５０のいずれか一方を選択的に取付可能とした構成としてもよい。換言すれば、吹付けノズル３２及び型枠装置５０のいずれか一方を選択的に取付けることの可能な取付部４９を備えたトンネル掘削機１としても最良の形態や他の形態と同じ効果を得ることができる。 Other form 4
As a configuration in which either the spray nozzle 32 or the formwork device 50 can be selectively attached to the attachment portion 49 without providing the spray nozzle 32 on the rear surface 26 of the cutter head 3 or the front surface 25 of the rotating body 17A. Also good. In other words, the tunnel excavator 1 provided with the attachment portion 49 capable of selectively attaching either the spray nozzle 32 or the formwork device 50 has the same effects as the best mode or other modes. be able to.

尚、吹付けノズル３２、型枠装置５０、塞板４８の取付部４９への取付けは、胴筒の内側である取付部４９の後方の蓋７５を取り外して取り付けようとするものを取付部４９の後部開口７６から進入させ、取付部４９に胴筒２の内側から嵌め込むようにして取り付ける。   Note that the spray nozzle 32, the formwork device 50, and the closing plate 48 are attached to the attachment portion 49 by removing the lid 75 behind the attachment portion 49, which is the inside of the cylinder, and attaching the attachment portion 49. It is made to enter from the rear opening 76 and is attached to the attachment portion 49 so as to be fitted from the inside of the barrel 2.

吹付けノズル３２の前後方向の吹付け幅をカッタ胴筒間（間隔Ｈ）に合わせれば前後揺動装置は不要とできて、かつ、トンネル空洞部４１の内壁面４２におけるカッタヘッド３の中心軸１６に沿った方向に渡って支保層４３を形成できる。特に、カッタ胴筒間（間隔Ｈ）が短いトンネル掘削機の場合は、吹付けノズル３２の前後方向の吹付け幅をカッタ胴筒間（間隔Ｈ）に合わせやすく前後揺動装置を不要とできる。   If the spray width in the front-rear direction of the spray nozzle 32 is adjusted to the distance between the cutter cylinders (interval H), the front-rear swing device can be eliminated and the center axis of the cutter head 3 on the inner wall surface 42 of the tunnel cavity 41 is provided. The supporting layer 43 can be formed in a direction along the direction 16. In particular, in the case of a tunnel excavator having a short distance between the cutter cylinders (interval H), it is easy to match the spray width in the front-rear direction of the spray nozzle 32 to the distance between the cutter cylinders (interval H), and a front and rear swing device can be eliminated. .

また、上記では円形断面孔を掘削するトンネル掘削機を用いた方法を説明したが、本発明は、複円形断面孔、矩形断面孔を掘削するトンネル掘削機を用いる場合にも同様に適用可能である。   In the above description, the method using a tunnel excavator for excavating a circular cross-sectional hole has been described. However, the present invention is also applicable to the case of using a tunnel excavator for excavating a double circular cross-sectional hole and a rectangular cross-sectional hole. is there.

トンネル掘削機の構成を示す断面図（最良の形態）。Sectional drawing which shows the structure of a tunnel excavator (best form). トンネル掘削機の岩盤層掘削形態と軟弱層掘削形態とを示す断面図（最良の形態）。Sectional drawing (best form) which shows the rock layer excavation form and soft layer excavation form of a tunnel excavator. 支保層の形成範囲を示す説明図（他の形態３）。Explanatory drawing which shows the formation range of a support layer (other form 3).

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ トンネル掘削機、２ 胴筒、３ カッタヘッド、
４ カッタヘッド駆動機構、５ ジャッキ、７ 吹付け装置、６ 支保材、
１０ カッタヘッドの周縁部の後端、１２ 胴筒の周縁部の前端、
１７Ａ 回転体、２６ カッタヘッドの後面、３２ 吹付けノズル、
４１ トンネル空洞部、４２ 内壁面、４３ 支保層、４４ 地山、
４９ 取付部、５０ 型枠装置、６９ 覆工部。 1 tunnel excavator, 2 barrel, 3 cutter head,
4 Cutter head drive mechanism, 5 Jack, 7 Spraying device, 6 Support material,
10 The rear end of the periphery of the cutter head, 12 The front end of the periphery of the barrel,
17A rotating body, 26 rear face of cutter head, 32 spray nozzle,
41 tunnel cavity, 42 inner wall surface, 43 support layer, 44 ground,
49 mounting part, 50 formwork device, 69 lining part.

Claims (8)

胴筒と胴筒の前側に設けられたカッタヘッドと胴筒の後側に設けられたジャッキとを備え、ジャッキの駆動により推進しながらカッタヘッドを回転駆動させることによってカッタヘッドで地山を掘削するトンネル掘削機において、カッタヘッドの周縁部の後端と胴筒の周縁部の前端との間に形成されたトンネル空洞部の内壁面に支保材を吹き付けるための吹付けノズルを備えるとともに、胴筒の外周面と対向するトンネル空洞部の内壁面に覆工部を形成するための型枠装置を取付可能な取付部を備えたことを特徴とするトンネル掘削機。   It is equipped with a barrel and a cutter head provided on the front side of the barrel and a jack provided on the rear side of the barrel, and excavating natural ground with the cutter head by rotating the cutter head while propelling by driving the jack. The tunnel excavator includes a spray nozzle for spraying a support material to the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity formed between the rear end of the cutter head and the front end of the barrel. A tunnel excavator comprising an attachment portion to which a formwork device for forming a lining portion can be attached to an inner wall surface of a tunnel cavity facing an outer peripheral surface of a cylinder. 吹付けノズルが、カッタヘッドの後面又はカッタヘッドと一緒に回転する回転体に、カッタヘッドや回転体の周方向に沿って間隔を隔てて複数又は一つ配置されたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載のトンネル掘削機。   The spray nozzle is disposed on the rear surface of the cutter head or on a rotating body that rotates together with the cutter head, and a plurality or one of the spray nozzles are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cutter head or the rotating body. The tunnel excavator according to 1. カッタヘッドを左回り方向及び右回り方向に所定角度だけ回転させる揺動駆動機構を備えたことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２に記載のトンネル掘削機。   The tunnel excavator according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a swing drive mechanism that rotates the cutter head in a counterclockwise direction and a clockwise direction by a predetermined angle. 吹付けノズルをカッタヘッド又は回転体の前後方向に沿って所定の範囲で往復移動させる前後方向揺動装置を備えたことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項３のいずれかに記載のトンネル掘削機。   The tunnel excavation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a longitudinal swing device that reciprocates the spray nozzle in a predetermined range along the longitudinal direction of the cutter head or the rotating body. Machine. 胴筒と胴筒の前側に設けられたカッタヘッドと胴筒の後側に設けられたジャッキとを備え、ジャッキの駆動により推進しながらカッタヘッドを回転駆動させることによってカッタヘッドで地山を掘削するトンネル掘削機において、胴筒の前端側の周縁部には、カッタヘッドの周縁部の後端と胴筒の周縁部の前端との間に形成されたトンネル空洞部の内壁面に支保材を吹き付けて支保層を形成する吹付けノズル又は胴筒の周面と対向するトンネル空洞部の内壁面に覆工部を形成する型枠装置のいずれか一方を取付可能な取付部を備えたことを特徴とするトンネル掘削機。   It is equipped with a barrel and a cutter head provided on the front side of the barrel and a jack provided on the rear side of the barrel, and excavating natural ground with the cutter head by rotating the cutter head while propelling by driving the jack. In the tunnel excavator, a support material is provided on the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity formed between the rear end of the peripheral edge of the cutter head and the front end of the peripheral edge of the cylinder at the peripheral edge of the front end of the cylinder. A mounting part capable of mounting either a spray nozzle that forms a support layer by spraying or a formwork device that forms a lining part on the inner wall surface of the tunnel cavity facing the peripheral surface of the barrel. Features a tunnel excavator. 取付部が、胴筒の周縁部に近い前端部に、胴筒の周方向に沿って複数設けられたことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項５のいずれかに記載のトンネル掘削機。   The tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a plurality of attachment portions are provided along a circumferential direction of the barrel at a front end portion close to a peripheral portion of the barrel. 請求項１乃至請求項６のいずれかに記載のトンネル掘削機を用い、地山の土質に応じて、吹付けノズルによる支保層又は型枠装置による覆工部を選択して形成することを特徴とするトンネル施工方法。   The tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a support layer by a spray nozzle or a lining portion by a formwork device is selected and formed according to the soil quality of the natural ground. Tunnel construction method. 請求項１乃至請求項６のいずれかに記載のトンネル掘削機を用い、掘削対象の土質が岩盤層のように崩落の危険が少ない場合には、吹付けノズルによる支保層を形成し、掘削対象の土質が軟弱土砂層のように崩落の危険がある場合には、型枠装置による覆工部を形成することを特徴とするトンネル施工方法。   When the tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used and the soil quality of the excavation object is less likely to collapse like a rock layer, a support layer is formed by a spray nozzle, and the excavation object A tunnel construction method characterized by forming a lining part by a formwork device when there is a danger of collapsing, such as a soft soil layer.
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