JP2008092810A - Self-nutritive afforestation pile and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an afforestation material which enables labor saving, automation and unmanning in both seasons of a tree-planting season and a tree-growing season to efficiently plant trees in a vast barren land far from a densely populated area. <P>SOLUTION: This self-nutritive afforestation pile 10 is formed by gouging out the core of a pile from the upper central portion of the pile 11 formed from a wood to dispose a bud hole 14, obliquely radially disposing root holes 15 from places close to the bottom of the bud hole 14 toward the distal end of the pile, filling the lower portion of the bud hole and the root holes with a filler 17 obtained by mixing biodegradable substances capable of being used as nutritive sources for plants with microorganisms capable of degrading the substances to give the nutritive sources for the plants, and then embedding a tree seed 16 in the filler 17 close to the cross point of the bud hole with the root holes. The biodegradable substances include sea algae, polysaccharides, waste pulp, waste paper, weeds, and withered leaves. The self-nutritive afforestation pile 10 is obtained by integrally forming the tree seed and the nutritive sources necessary for growing the seed, and can efficiently be planted with an automatic control machine or a remote control machine. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for efficient tree planting.

  Conventionally, afforestation has been carried out by a method of planting seedlings one by one by one person and supplying water and fertilizer, so it has required a great deal of cost and time. Such an afforestation method is not only inefficient but difficult to implement for afforestation in a vast place far from a densely populated area.

  In the Amazon rainforest where commercial large-scale logging is progressing, and in the Loess Plateau that is changing from vast wasteland as a result of logging and theft, nutrient-rich topsoil is lost due to rainfall runoff and deterioration due to sunlight. Tree planting on land is extremely difficult. Moreover, since the area is vast, the impact on the global environment is immeasurable if left as it is.

  In order to efficiently plant trees in such a wasteland, the invention of a plastic pile pot that can be used to plant young trees recently (Patent Document 1), a pile made from waste pulp, and a bud hole is provided to create a tree. A self-supporting plantation pile for seeding was published (Non-Patent Document 1).

JP 2005-270087 Toshiyuki Kurachi, “Development of Self-supporting Afforestation Pile”, [online], March 2003, Master's thesis, Kochi University of Technology, 2003, [Search August 12, 2006], Internet <http: // www.kochi-tech.ac.jp/library/>

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a material for efficiently planting in a vast wasteland. When planting trees on a vast land far away from densely populated areas, it is desirable to save as much labor, automation, and unmanned as possible at both the time of planting and the time of planting. For this purpose, it is necessary to plant efficiently with automatic or remote-controlled machines, using a material in which tree seeds and nutrient sources necessary for their growth are integrated.

Since the plastic stake pot of the above-mentioned patent document 1 has already become a young tree, it is not necessarily suitable for large-scale mechanical afforestation.
The self-supporting afforestation pile of Non-Patent Document 1 recently published by a collaborative researcher of the present inventor is aimed at the above-mentioned target, but is formed by processing waste pulp so that it can withstand mechanical afforestation. If the strength of the pile is to be increased, the price of the pile itself becomes high, and there is room for improvement in practice because sufficient consideration has not been given to the growth of the roots of the tree.

The self-supporting afforestation pile according to the present invention made to solve the above problems is
a) a pile made of wood;
b) a bud hole provided inside the pile and extending downward from near the center of the upper portion of the pile;
c) a root hole provided in the pile and extending obliquely downward from near the bottom of the bud hole;
d) a water-retaining filler filled in the lower part of the bud and the root hole;
e) a seed of a tree buried in the filler near the intersection of the bud hole and the root hole;
It has.

  The bud hole of the self-supporting plantation pile of the present invention is preferably filled with a filler containing a biodegradable substance. This biodegradable substance is decomposed by microorganisms derived from soil into which self-supporting plantation piles are driven, and becomes a nutrient source for seeds embedded in the filler. Any biodegradable substance can be used in principle as long as it is inexpensive and can be used as a nutrient source for plants. However, if waste is reused, effective resources can be utilized. We can protect the global environment. As the biodegradable substance, for example, any of seaweed, polysaccharides, waste pulp, waste paper, weeds, dead leaves, or a combination of a plurality of them may be used. Moreover, the thing of animal origin can also be used.

  In the filler, it is convenient to mix microorganisms in order to decompose the filler and the self-supporting plantation pile itself to give the tree nutrition. Such a microorganism can be selected from fungi, actinomycetes, basidiomycetes, rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi and soil bacteria, or a plurality of combinations thereof. Which microorganism should be selected depends on the nature of the soil and the type of biodegradable substance on which the self-supporting plantation pile is planted.

  It is clear that the purpose can be achieved by using a sustained-release fertilizer instead of a biodegradable substance as a filler. As slow-release fertilizers, rapeseed oil cake, soybean oil residue, etc., which are made into a solid release, and those that are coated with a fast-acting fertilizer to make a sustained release are commercially available.

The self-supporting afforestation pile according to the present invention is
a) Molding wood to form a pile
b) From the vicinity of the center of the upper part of the pile, the core of the pile is cut out to form a bud hole,
c) Drilling the core of the pile diagonally downward from near the bottom of the bud hole to form a root hole,
d) A filler having water retention capacity is packed in the lower part of the bud hole and the root hole,
e) buried tree seeds in the filler near the intersection of the bud hole and the root hole,
Can be manufactured.

  The self-supporting afforestation piles of the present invention can be mass-produced at the factory, and can be driven into the ground easily by using machines on the ground. It is much quicker and more efficient than planting one by one and taking care every day. Can be planted.

  When moisture is contained in the self-supporting plantation pile, the seeds get moisture and germinate, and the filler swells and is decomposed by microorganisms. The germinated seeds use the filler inside the pile and the pile itself as a nutrient source for its growth. That is, the filler acts like a sustained-release fertilizer on germinated seeds with the help of microorganisms. The pile itself works as a support to support the young tree while the seeds germinate and is a young tree, and the young tree grows and decays and decomposes, and becomes a sustained-release fertilizer. For this reason, even when a self-supporting plantation pile is driven into the wasteland, young trees can grow without requiring daily support by hand.

  When the filler swells with water and is decomposed by microorganisms, the microorganisms propagate and contribute to soil improvement (silt capture by mucus secretion, etc.), and protozoa, spiders, insects around germinated seeds Call on predators such as to form a micro ecosphere. This microecosphere is united with the growth of many young trees to form a forest ecosphere and promote the growth of the forest.

  As the material for the piles of self-supporting forestation piles, it is possible to suitably use round timber and square timber discarded as waste material from inexpensive timbers such as thinned wood and demolished buildings. The thickness and length of the piles should be adjusted according to the quality of the soil (sand, gravel, clay, etc.) and the environment (temperature, humidity, rainfall, weather, etc.). Typical values are about 20-100cm in length and about 5-10cm in thickness.

  Make a hole in the stake in the direction of bud and root. The bud hole is opened to about half of the total length by cutting the core from the center near the top of the material. The root hole is opened about 2-6 diagonally radially from the vicinity of the end point of the bud hole toward the tip of the pile. It is preferable to open four.

Place the seeds of the tree wrapped in the filler near the intersection of the bud hole and root hole. The root hole should be completely filled with filler, and the bud hole should be filled with filler up to about a quarter of its depth.
The filler may be anything as long as it becomes nutrients for trees when it is decomposed by seaweed, polysaccharides, waste pulp, waste paper, dead leaves, and the like. For practical use, it should be obtained at a low cost. When planting in dry land, it is convenient to add a moisturizing agent to retain the initially supplied water.

  Seaweed is advantageous because it contains minerals useful for plant growth and returns nutrients from the sea to the mountains. For example, Phaeocystis sp., A kind of marine unicellular algae, has a thick agar-like polysaccharide around the alga body, and since the polysaccharide has adhesiveness and water retention, it can be suitably used. . Dried Phaeocystis sp. Contains about 45% sugar by weight and about 37% ash. Abundant minerals are useful for plant growth. Freshwater algae, seaweeds, and seaweeds having such a polysaccharide envelope have a water retention effect and are useful as components of fillers.

  It is desirable that the filler also contains microorganisms that can humus decompose and assimilate the filler and the pile itself. As microorganisms, fungi, actinomycetes, basidiomycetes, rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, soil bacteria, etc. can be suitably used, but the best one depends on the nature of the soil to be planted, the type of filler to be planted and the weather conditions Dependent. In the case of a filler containing approximately 10% of seaweed Phaeocystis sp., Containing newspaper waste paper as the main ingredient, Streptmyces sp., A type of radiobacteria, or Aspergillus sp., A type of fungus, is 20 ° C. to 40 ° C. It showed high assimilation activity under the weather condition of ℃.

  If sufficient seed nutrients are prepared in this way, tree seeds can grow smoothly. Even if the land lacks nutrients, the self-sustaining plantation pile itself will help grow until it becomes a young tree and its roots can grow deeply into the ground. It is possible to secure a much higher growth rate with much less labor than planting each young tree.

  Efficient plantation can be achieved by efficiently planting self-sustained plantation piles, which are formed by integrating tree seeds and nutrient sources necessary for their growth, using automatic or remote-controlled machines. In addition to the examples shown below, it can be concluded from the various results that the self-supporting afforestation piles are particularly effective for afforestation on eutrophic land where it is difficult to restore the plainness on its own.

  FIG. 1 shows a self-supporting afforestation pile according to an embodiment of the present invention. The self-supporting afforestation pile 10 is composed of a pile 11 made by cutting off the tip of a 5 cm square piece with a total length of 25 cm. In the center of the pile 11, a sprout hole 2cm in diameter extending from the upper part to a depth of 10cm is dug. In addition, a root hole 15 having a diameter of 2 cm that is inclined obliquely from the bottom of the sprout hole 14 toward the tip end of the pile 11 is dug inside the pile 11. The lower end portion of the root hole 15 is open on four surfaces of the pile 11. The direction of the bud hole 14 was assumed to be the growth direction of the young tree, and the direction of the root hole 15 was assumed to be the growth direction of the root of the young tree.

In the vicinity of the intersection of the bud hole 14 and the root hole 15, one tree seed 16 was embedded together with the filler 17. As the tree, Ginnemu (Ipiluipil) / Leucaena Ieucocephala was selected, and the seeds were germinated with sulfuric acid.
In addition, FIG.1 (c) shows the cross-sectional view of the self-supporting plantation material at the time of using the pile which consists of round materials.

FIG. 2 is a table showing experimental results obtained by driving the self-supporting plantation pile 10 according to the present embodiment into the ground and examining the growth of trees. For comparison, we also examined the growth of tree seeds.
The self-supporting afforestation pile 10 is packed with one of six kinds of fillers 17 that combine beaten newspaper waste, marine unicellular algae (Phaeocystis sp.), And microorganisms.
As microorganisms, Streptmyces sp., Which is a kind of radioactive bacterium, or Aspergillus sp., Which is a kind of fungus, was isolated and used. These microorganisms have been isolated as microorganisms capable of assimilating newspaper waste paper and marine unicellular algae as substrates.

  In FIG. 2, “+” or “++” in the column of pile filling indicates that the corresponding pile filling is included in the filler 17. In the filler 17 containing both newspaper waste paper and marine unicellular algae, both are kneaded so that the dry weight ratio is about 9: 1. Further, in FIG. 2, “+” for each microorganism indicates that the microorganism is included in the filler 17 by 1.2 mg and +++ by 12 mg. Therefore, for example, the filler 17 of the self-supporting plantation pile of the pile symbol 4 is composed of newspaper waste paper and marine unicellular algae and Aspergillus sp. 12 mg kneaded so that the dry weight ratio is about 9: 1.

In the experiment, 10 types of self-sustained plantation piles 10 were prepared, 10 each for mountainous field in Kahoku-cho, Kami-shi, Kochi (20m above sea level) and sandy land along the breakwater in Shimojima, Nankoku-shi, Japan 3m) and put 5 pieces at a time. The straight line distance between the two areas was about 15km, and the weather conditions were estimated to be almost the same. However, the latter may have a stronger wind effect. In addition, five seeds for direct sowing were sown in the field of Kokoku Town and the sand of Shimojima.
The soil respiration rate around the pile was measured by the micro differential pressure method.

  All the experimental piles were submerged in water for about one day in advance, and were artificially dispersed at two 50 cm intervals at two experimental sites and driven by a pile driver. The reason for the intentional dispersion was to avoid the effects of water flow, sunshine and wind paths.

The results are as shown in FIG.
In the Kobachicho field, germination and growth rates were better when using piles than by direct sowing. In Shimojima Sand, the self-planting piles with pile symbol 2 had 0 germinations as well as direct sowing, but all other self-planting piles had better germination and growth rates than direct sowing. This is probably due to heavy rain and strong winds during the four months of the experiment, and the piles still protected the weak trees.

In the Kohokucho field, the difference in the growth of the trees was small between the piles with and without the fungus. This is thought to be due to the presence of nutrients and soil microorganisms in the field itself.
On the other hand, in Shimojima sand, the growth of trees was better in the pile mixed with fungus. This is thought to be due to the fact that the biodegradable substances and fungi in the filler material were manifested in the sandy land, since there were originally few nutrients and soil microorganisms. The change in the respiration rate of the soil around the pile as a measure of the amount of soil microorganisms supports this idea.
It is clear that the effects of fillers and fungi will change depending on the conditions of the land. In this result, Streptomyces sp. Was more effective in the field and Aspergillus sp. Was more effective in the sand.

In addition, this invention is not limited to an above-described Example, For example, the following modifications are possible.
For example, the self-supporting afforestation pile may be configured by joining two divided piles each having a vertically divided shape. In this case, a groove is formed on the joint surface of each divided pile and a part of the root hole is formed inside each divided pile. And if a filling material is beforehand filled into the groove | channel and root hole of each division | segmentation pile and a seed is embedded in this filling material, a self-supporting plantation pile can be formed by joining a division | segmentation pile.
When there are sufficient nutrients and microorganisms in the soil into which the self-planting piles are driven, the nutrients in the soil are supplied to the seeds in the filler through the filler. Therefore, in such a case, the biodegradable substance and the microorganisms that decompose the biodegradable substance may not be included in the filler.

  Self-supporting afforestation piles are effective for afforestation in wasteland where nutrients are scarce and soil microorganisms are hardly alive.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view (a), a transverse sectional view (b), and a transverse sectional view (c) of a self-supporting afforestation pile when a pile made of round material is used. The comparison table of the growth state of ginnemu when various self-supporting plantation piles are used and when no self-supporting plantation piles are used.

Explanation of symbols

10 ... Self-supporting plantation pile 11 ... Pile 14 ... Bud hole 15 ... Root hole 16 ... Seed 17 ... Filler

Claims (15)

a) a pile made of wood;
b) a bud hole provided inside the pile and extending downward from near the center of the upper portion of the pile;
c) a root hole provided in the pile and extending obliquely downward from near the bottom of the bud hole;
d) a water-retaining filler filled in the lower part of the bud and the root hole;
e) a seed of a tree buried in the filler near the intersection of the bud hole and the root hole;
Self-contained afforestation pile with   The self-cultivating afforestation pile according to claim 1, wherein the filler contains a biodegradable substance that is decomposed by microorganisms and serves as a nutrient source for plants.   The self-cultivating afforestation pile according to claim 2, wherein any one of seaweed, polysaccharides, waste pulp, waste paper, weeds, dead leaves, or a combination thereof is used as the biodegradable substance.   The self-supporting afforestation pile according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the filler contains microorganisms that can decompose the biodegradable substance and serve as a nutrient source for plants.   The self-supporting plantation pile according to claim 4, wherein any one of fungi, actinomycetes, basidiomycetes, rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, soil bacteria, or a plurality of combinations thereof is used as the microorganism.   The self-supporting plantation pile according to claim 1, wherein the filler contains sustained-release fertilizer.   The self-supporting plantation pile according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the filler contains a humectant. a) Molding wood to form a pile
b) From the vicinity of the center of the upper part of the pile, the core of the pile is cut out to form a bud hole,
c) From the vicinity of the bottom of the bud hole, the core of the pile is cut diagonally downward to form a root hole,
d) A filler having water retention capacity is packed in the lower part of the bud hole and the lower part of the root hole,
e) buried tree seeds in the filler near the intersection of the bud hole and the root hole,
The manufacturing method of the self-supporting plantation pile which has a process to have.   The manufacturing method of the self-supporting plantation pile according to claim 8, wherein the filler contains a biodegradable substance that is decomposed by microorganisms and serves as a nutrient source for plants.   The method for producing a self-supporting afforestation pile according to claim 9, wherein any one of seaweed, polysaccharides, waste pulp, waste paper, weeds, dead leaves, or a combination thereof is used as the biodegradable substance. .   The method for producing a self-sustaining planting pile according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the filler contains microorganisms that can decompose the biodegradable substance and serve as a nutrient source for plants.   The self-sustaining plantation pile according to claim 11, wherein any one of fungi, actinomycetes, basidiomycetes, rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, soil bacteria, or a plurality of combinations thereof is used as the microorganism. Production method.   The method for producing a self-supporting forested pile according to claim 8, wherein the filler contains sustained-release fertilizer.   The method for producing a self-supporting forested pile according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the filler contains a humectant.   The method for producing a self-supporting forested pile according to any one of claims 8 to 14, further comprising a step of immersing the pile embedded with the seeds in water.

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