JP2008054530A - Method for cultivating perennial kelp - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating perennial kelp, which enables reduction in labor and time required for cultivation of brown algae such as Gagome tangle. <P>SOLUTION: The method for cultivating perennial kelp comprises the following steps: a first raising seedling step of developing brown algae spawn, such as Gagome tangle spawn, attached to a seedling collection container, culturing the spawn in seawater 11 of a water tank 10 under a prescribed light condition to grow the alga body, and a second raising seedling step of culturing the alga body obtained in the first raising seedling step to grow the alga body to an alga seedling. In the second raising seedling step, light having a wavelength of 450-550 nm as forcing light is applied to the water tank 10 from a single light source 30. The method proceeds the growth stage of the algae by one year in the raising seedling steps so as to obtain algae seedlings each in a condition where recycled raw leaves are formed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating brown algae such as gagome, sagarame, hondawali, and hijiki.

In recent years, gagome, which has an uneven pattern on its surface and is rich in stickiness, has been attracting attention as a comb containing healthy ingredients. The main components of “Numeri”, which is a characteristic of Gagome, are water-soluble viscous polysaccharides such as alginic acid, laminaran and fucoidan, and water-soluble dietary fiber. Among these, fucoidan is a component that is recognized to have effects such as killing / suppression of cancer cells, promotion of tissue regeneration, and improvement of immune function. In addition, other components such as alginic acid and laminaran are known to have various effects such as a diet effect by alginic acid. In addition, sagarame containing useful components similar to gagome is also threatened with extinction, and resource recovery is desired.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-178947

  The above-mentioned gagome and sagarame are perennial kombu, like macombu, etc. The leafy part becomes larger and wider as the age is 2 years and 3 years. When harvesting gagome or sagarame, it is usually necessary to harvest algal bodies that have grown sufficiently after the second year. For this reason, in the cultivation of gagome and sagarame, there is a problem that a lot of time and labor are required for the cultivation and harvesting. Such a problem is not limited to gagome and sagarame, but generally occurs in perennial and large brown algae.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a method for cultivating brown algae that can reduce the time and labor required for cultivation of perennial brown algae such as gagome and sagarame. With the goal.

  In order to achieve such an object, the method for cultivating brown algae according to the present invention includes (1) generating brown algae eggs attached to a seedling device, cultivating them under predetermined light conditions, and transforming them into algal bodies. A first raising seedling step to grow, and (2) culturing the algal bodies obtained in the first raising seedling step under a light condition of irradiating forcing light having a wavelength set within a range of 450 nm to 550 nm. And a second seedling raising step for growing the seedling.

  In the cultivation method described above, after the brown algae is grown to a certain alga body in the first seedling step, irradiation light having a wavelength set within the range of 450 nm to 550 nm is irradiated in the second seedling step. Raising seedlings. Through these two stages of raising seedlings, the growth stage can be advanced by one year at the raising seedling stage by growing the algal bodies under the light conditions using the light for promoting the wavelength described above. Thereby, it becomes possible to reduce the time and labor required for cultivation of brown algae.

  Here, it is preferable that the cultivation method further includes an underwater cultivation step of cultivating the brown algae seedling obtained in the second raising seedling step in the sea. Thus, it becomes possible to harvest the algal body of the fully grown brown algae in a short period of time by combining the seedling raising process and the cultivation process in the sea.

  Moreover, in the said cultivation method, a 1st seedling raising step produces | generates the egg of the brown algae attached to the seedling device to make an algal body, and the algal body obtained at the generating step is made into predetermined light conditions. It is preferable to include a first culturing step for cultivating and growing under the condition, and a second culturing step for maintaining the algal bodies grown in the first culturing step under conditions set so that the growth is stagnant. .

  Further, as the forcing light used in the second seedling step, it is preferable to use light having a wavelength set within a range of 460 nm to 525 nm, and in particular, to promote monochromatic light (blue green light) having a wavelength of 500 nm. It is preferable to use it as light for use. Thereby, the growth of the alga body in the second seedling raising step can be suitably realized.

  Moreover, about growth conditions other than light conditions, it is preferable to set the temperature of the seawater used for culture | cultivation of alga bodies in the range of 10 to 15 degreeC in a 2nd seedling raising step. Such growth conditions are particularly suitable for cultivation of gagome and the like. In general, the growth conditions other than the light conditions are preferably set according to the growth process and characteristics of the brown algae to be cultivated.

  According to the method for cultivating brown algae of the present invention, after the brown algae is grown to a certain algal body in the first raising step, the wavelength set in the range of 450 nm to 550 nm is promoted in the second raising step. By raising the seedlings by irradiating light, the growth stage of brown algae can be advanced for one year at the seedling stage, and the time and labor required for cultivation of brown algae can be reduced.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the cultivation method of brown algae according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. Further, the dimensional ratios in the drawings do not necessarily match those described.

  Here, in the following, Gagome, which is one of the perennial large-scale brown algae, will be described as the brown algae to be grown by the cultivation method according to the present invention. As described above, gagome has recently been attracting attention as a comb containing a good component for health. The grown gagome alga body has large and small dragon-shaped uneven patterns on the entire surface of its leaves.

  However, the cultivation method according to the present invention is generally applicable to brown algae other than Gagome. Examples of such brown algae include macomb, resilience, onicomb, enagambu, honeycomb, nagacomb, chijimicomb, caraft trorocomb, gagaracomb, gagome, abassjicomb, catacomb, goheikonbu, sagarame, arabic, scallop , Umanomok, trumpet moku, yabanemoku, sawtooth mok, isomoku, umitoranoo, etc.

  First, the growth process of Gagome will be explained. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the growth process of gagome alga bodies. In FIG. 1, the horizontal axis indicates a time axis for one year from January to December. The process (a) in the figure shows the growth process of the first year alga body, the process (b) shows the growth process of the second year alga body, and the process (c) shows the growth process of the third year alga body. Is shown.

  In the growth process of the first year, Gagome's juveniles grow from winter to spring (lifetime). And in the summer, the leaves end up from the tip of the foliate and become shorter (end of life). From autumn to winter, the new leaves begin to grow up from the bottom of the foliate part (the regeneration period), and the second year of growth begins. Further, in the regenerated leaf, the uneven pattern that is characteristic of Gagome becomes more complicated.

  In the growth process of the second year, gagome algae grows markedly from spring to early summer, and further matures in late autumn to form ascocysts (zoosporangia). The growth process of the third year is the same as that of the second year, but the gagome leaf-like part obtained becomes larger and wider as the age becomes higher. After that, Gagome's alga body dies and is washed away. As can be understood from the growth process shown in FIG. 1, in the cultivation of gagome, it is necessary to go through the first new leaf regeneration stage in order to harvest a sufficiently large-sized alga body in the second year. It takes 2 years and a long cultivation period in the sea.

  Here, with respect to the growth stage of Gagome, stages S0, S0.5, and S1.0 are shown for the first year alga bodies, and stages S1.1, S1.5, and S2.0 are shown for the second year alga bodies. In addition, as exemplified in stages S2.1, S2.5, and S3.0 for the third year algal bodies, the growth stages S0 to S3.0 are defined corresponding to the growth processes of the first to third years. deep. These growth stages are defined for convenience of explanation.

  Next, the cultivation method of gagome which applied the cultivation method of the brown algae by this invention is demonstrated. 2-4 is a figure which shows typically each cultivation process in one Embodiment of the cultivation method of gagome.

  In this cultivation method, in the seedling stage of gagome, which is a brown algae, germinated zoosporangium adhering to the seedling device is germinated to form a gametophyte, and a fertilized egg (egg) obtained from the mature gametophyte is given light. Culture under conditions to grow algal bodies (first seedling raising step). Then, the algal bodies obtained in the first culturing step are cultured under the light condition of irradiating forcing light having a wavelength set within the range of 450 nm to 550 nm, and grown into a kombu seedling in which regenerated leaves are formed. (2nd seedling raising step). Further, in the present embodiment, the first seedling step is composed of three steps of the generating step, the first culturing step, and the second culturing step, and the second seedling step using the above-described stimulating light is the first and second steps. As a third culture step following the culture step, the cultivation process of gagome is configured.

  First, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), zoospores (spores) released from the zoospore sac of mature gagome algae are attached to the seed yarn of a seedling device (seedling step). Then, as shown in FIG. 2B, in the seawater 11 of the indoor aquarium 10 in which the environmental conditions such as temperature are controlled, the zoospores attached to the seed yarn 16 of the seedling device 15 are germinated and the alga body. (Spore body, small comb) (germination step, generation step). The seedling device 15 is rotated about 10 times a day in order to uniformly apply light to the seed yarn 16. This process is performed, for example, for about 40 to 50 days under the light condition of irradiating the water tank 10 with white light from the white light source 20.

  Subsequently, the forcing culture process (first to third culture steps) of the algal bodies obtained in the generation step is started. First, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), in the aquarium 10, while using nutrient-added seawater 11, the environmental conditions such as light and temperature are adjusted, and the algal cells are cultured and grown under predetermined growth conditions. (First culture step). This process is performed, for example, for about 20 days while supplying air into the seawater 11 under the light condition of irradiating the water tank 10 with white light from the white light source 20, and the algal bodies are grown to about 10 mm, for example.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the algal cells that have grown to a certain extent through the first culturing step are subjected to a certain period of time under conditions (stress conditions) set so that the growth is stagnant. Hold (second culture step). The process of retaining algal bodies under this stress condition is performed, for example, for about one week. The stress condition will be specifically described later.

  Next, as shown to Fig.4 (a), the algal body hold | maintained on stress conditions is further culture | cultivated on predetermined conditions (3rd culture | cultivation step). Here, in the aquarium 10, the seaweed 11 added with nutrients is used to cultivate algal bodies under light conditions in which monochromatic light having a wavelength set within the range of 450 nm to 550 nm is irradiated as the forcing light. Through the above steps, the gagome seedling raising stage is completed, and the obtained alga body is used as a gagome seedling.

  Regarding the culture conditions of the alga bodies in the third culture step (second seedling raising step), specifically, for example, the temperature of the seawater 11 is set to 10 ° C., and the monochromatic light (blue color) from the monochromatic light source 30 has a wavelength of 500 nm. Under the light conditions in which the aquarium 10 is irradiated with green light), the algae is cultivated for a predetermined period while air is supplied into the seawater 11. Moreover, about the irradiation conditions of the forcing light to an algal body, monochromatic light is irradiated with the light period of 24 hours light period / 0 hour dark period, or 12 hours light period / 12 hours dark period, for example. Under such growth conditions, 3 to 4 weeks after the start of culturing in the main culturing step, regenerated leaves having irregular patterns are formed in algal cells. This indicates that, through the first to third culturing steps, the growth stage of gagome alga bodies has advanced by one year and has entered the new leaf regeneration stage described above with reference to FIG.

  In the present embodiment, in addition to the above-mentioned gagome seedling raising stage, a gagome alga body finally harvested by the cultivation process shown in FIG. That is, gagome seedlings obtained through the first to third culturing steps are taken out into the sea, cultivated in the sea for a predetermined period, and harvested when they are sufficiently large (underwater cultivation step). In this cultivation method, since regenerated leaves have already been formed at the seedling stage as described above, in this submerged cultivation step, algal bodies show remarkable growth and harvest gagome that has grown greatly in a short period of one year. be able to.

  The effect of the brown algae cultivation method according to the above embodiment will be described.

  In the cultivation method shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, brown algae such as gagome are algae of a certain size in the first seedling raising step including the first and second culturing steps (FIGS. 3A and 3B). After the growth to the body, in the second seedling step including the third culture step (FIG. 4 (a)), the usual white light is not irradiated, but the wavelength set within the range of 450 nm to 550 nm is promoted Raising seedlings for irradiation.

  Through these two stages of raising seedlings, the algae are grown under light conditions using the above-mentioned light for promoting the wavelength, so that the growth stage of brown algae is advanced by one year at the seedling stage. You can be forced to step up from the eye state to the second year state. As a result, it is possible to reduce the time and labor required for cultivation of brown algae that normally takes multiple years. In addition, by combining such a seedling-raising process and a cultivation process in the sea, it is possible to harvest a sufficiently grown brown algae body in a short period of time.

  Such a cultivation method can be applied to various brown algae, such as macomb that takes 2 years to grow in the sea in the natural state or gagome that takes 3 years to grow in the sea in the natural state. It is effective for difficult things. For example, in the case of macombu, forcing culture is also possible by a method of irradiating normal white light at the seedling raising stage. However, with respect to cultivation of gagome, cultivation and harvesting in one year cannot be performed by such a cultivation method.

  On the other hand, cultivation and harvesting in a short period of one year also for brown algae such as gagome by raising seedlings using forcing light having a wavelength set within the range of 450 nm to 550 nm as described above Is possible. In addition, about the light irradiated to the water tank 10 in a generation | occurrence | production step (FIG.2 (b)) and a 1st, 2nd culture step (FIG.3 (a), (b)), it is white light from the above-mentioned white light source 20. For example, the light from the monochromatic light source 30 similar to that in the third culture step (FIG. 4A) may be irradiated.

  In addition, as for the wavelength of the forcing light used in the second seedling raising step (third culturing step), it is preferable to use light having a wavelength set within a range of 460 nm to 525 nm, particularly blue-green light. It is preferable to use monochromatic light having a wavelength of 500 nm as the promotion light. Thereby, the promotion culture | cultivation of the alga body in a 2nd seedling raising step can be implement | achieved suitably at sufficient speed | velocity. In addition, as for the light cycle of the irradiation of the forcing light, the above embodiment exemplifies the light cycle of 12-hour light period / 12-hour dark period, but is not limited to this, and according to specific growth conditions A suitable optical cycle may be set as appropriate.

  Moreover, about the growth conditions of brown algae other than light conditions, the temperature of the seawater used for culture | cultivation of algae is set to the temperature within the range of 10 degreeC-15 degreeC in the 2nd seedling raising step using the above-mentioned light for forcing. It is preferable to do. Such growth conditions are particularly suitable for cultivation of gagome and the like.

  In general, the growth conditions other than the light conditions are preferably set according to the growth process and characteristics of the brown algae to be cultivated. For example, if the perennial large brown algae are cultivated in the seawater such as macombu, resilicum, onicombu, enaga kombu, mitsuishi kombu, nagacombu, chijimi kombu, caraft toro kombu, gagara kombu, gagome, atsubasji kombu, nekoa kombubu, gohei kombu, chigaiso, uganomok, etc. Is preferably set to a temperature within the range of 10 ° C to 15 ° C. In addition, when targeting salamander, arame, swordfish, creeper arabe, hondawali, hijiki, trumpet moth, yabane moku, sawtooth moku, isomoku, umitoranoo, etc., the temperature of seawater may be set to a temperature within the range of 15 ° C to 20 ° C. preferable.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the 1st seedling step used as the pre-stage of the 2nd seedling raising step which irradiates the forcing light is comprised from the generation | occurrence | production step, the 1st culture | cultivation step, and the 2nd culture | cultivation step, The seedling raising step is not limited to such a method.

  For example, the second culturing step for maintaining algal bodies grown to a certain extent under stress conditions set so that their growth is stagnant is effective to shorten the culturing period or to step up the growth stage. It is thought that there is. However, in the first seedling raising step, it is possible to realize step-up to the new leaf regeneration stage without applying stress to such algal bodies.

Here, as the stress condition when performing the second culturing step, as described above, the growth condition is necessary so that the growth of algal bodies is stagnant. Specifically, (1) high water temperature (18 ° C. To 19 ° C.), (2) low water temperature (1 to 3 ° C.), (3) high illuminance (50 μmol / m ² / s or more), (4) low illuminance (2.5 μmol / m ² / s or less), ( Any condition of 5) overnutrition, (6) undernutrition, (7) continuous lighting (24-hour light period / 0-hour dark period), or a combination thereof can be used as the stress condition. However, among the above conditions (1) to (7), (1) and (2) are stress conditions when gagome is a cultivation target.

  Under conditions of high water temperature, it is preferable to perform treatment for several hours to about 2 days under conditions where growth is suppressed or stagnant. If the treatment is performed for a long time, there is a possibility of whitening of the algal bodies, and caution is required. In the stress conditions described above, the strongest stress occurs when the conditions are high water temperature and low illuminance.

  It was also found that regenerated leaves were formed when culturing was started at an appropriate temperature (for example, 10 ° C.) by maintaining algal bodies for 4 months or longer under conditions of low water temperature and low illuminance. Therefore, it can be seen that the seedling holding conditions are also points related to the growth of brown algae. In addition, the condition of high concentration propazoli nutrient (PES) addition (PES concentration at which growth stops, about 500 ppm with nitrate ion), continuous illumination for 24 hours with monochromatic light or white light with a wavelength of 500 nm, and keeping at a suitable growth temperature for one week or more The formation of regenerated leaves was also observed depending on the conditions.

  Moreover, under high illumination, it turned out that whitening occurs after fading and growth is suppressed. Similarly, it was found that growth was suppressed even under low illuminance, and that algal bodies were whitened except for culture at low water temperature. In addition, brown alga growth and regenerative leaf formation also under the condition of continuous illumination in the 24-hour light period / 0-hour dark period, compared to the condition of illumination in the 12-hour light period / 12-hour dark period It has been confirmed that there is an effect that can be accelerated.

  In addition, about irradiation of the light to an algal body, patent document 1: Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 10-178947 describes irradiating light in culture | cultivation of seaweed etc. However, the method described in this document uses a plurality of specific wavelengths of red and blue light for aquaculture. On the other hand, in the cultivation method of the present invention, brown algae such as gagome are targeted for cultivation, and the growth of brown algae is achieved by using blue-green monochromatic light at a wavelength of 500 nm or light in the wavelength range in the vicinity thereof. The stage can be advanced by one year.

  The effects of promoting the growth of brown algae and stepping up to the new leaf regeneration stage in the above cultivation method will be further described together with specific experimental examples.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a culture example of gagome which is a brown algae. In FIG. 5, the culture example (a) shows a change in the state of gagome when cultured under conditions of white light irradiation with respect to the light conditions during algal cell culture. Moreover, the culture example (b) shows the change in the state of gagome when cultured under the condition of monochromatic light irradiation with a wavelength of 500 nm. Here, for each of the culture examples (a) and (b), the state of the algal bodies on the first day, the 13th day, the 25th day, the 34th day, and the 44th day of the culture are shown, The corresponding Gagome growth stage (see FIG. 1) is appended. In the drawing, the horizontal line shown at the bottom of each state diagram indicates a scale bar having a length of 1 cm.

As for the specific growth conditions of gagome, all the culture examples were irradiated with light at a light amount of 50 μmol / m ² / s with a photoperiod of 12 hours light period / 12 hours dark period. Moreover, the temperature of seawater was set to 10 degreeC, and was set to 15 degreeC after the 34th culture | cultivation. In the culture example (b), the irradiation light was switched from monochromatic light having a wavelength of 500 nm to white light from a fluorescent lamp after the 34th day of the culture. In addition, stress is not applied to the algal bodies.

  Looking at the culture example (a) in FIG. 5, the growth of gagome alga bodies is slow under the condition of white light irradiation, and uneven patterns are finally formed on the 44th day of culture. On the other hand, in the culture example (b) under the condition of irradiation with monochromatic light having a wavelength of 500 nm, the growth stage has already reached S1.5 on the 25th day of the culture, and the uneven pattern characteristic of the regenerated leaf is clearly seen. Is formed. From these results, the effect of promoting the growth of perennial kombu by the above cultivation method can be confirmed.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a difference in the growth state of galagome when cultivated by changing the wavelength of light to be irradiated. In FIG. 6, the state (a) is white light, the state (b) is blue light with a wavelength of 466 nm, the state (c) is blue-green light with a wavelength of 500 nm, the state (d) is green light with a wavelength of 576 nm, and the state (e) Shows the growth state of the gargome juvenile when it is irradiated with orange light having a wavelength of 613 nm and state (f) is irradiated with red light having a wavelength of 644 nm.

Specifically, Gagome alga bodies grown to about 10 mm were cultured for 10 days under the condition of irradiating white light from a white fluorescent light or light from LEDs of each wavelength, and the growth states were compared. . Moreover, in the culture of alga bodies, the temperature is 10 ° C. to 15 ° C., the photoperiod is 12 hours, the light period is 12 hours, and the dark period is performed while aeration is performed using a solution obtained by adding propazol nutrient salt (PES) to sterilized seawater. (FIG. 5) or 24 hours light period / 0 hour dark period (FIG. 6), the culture was performed under the condition of light intensity of 10-50 μmol / m ² / s.

  As shown in states (a) to (f) of FIG. 6, the growth of gagome alga bodies was the fastest when blue-green light having a wavelength of 500 nm was used, and the formation of regenerated leaves was also observed. Algal growth was also observed when blue light with a wavelength of 466 nm was used. On the other hand, in the culture examples using green light, orange light, and red light, almost no growth of algal bodies was observed. From this result, it is understood that the growth of perennial kombu is promoted by raising seedlings using the forcing light having a wavelength set in the range of 450 nm to 550 nm as described above. In addition, regarding the photoperiod, the growth of algal bodies was observed faster under the condition of continuous irradiation in the 24-hour light period / 0-hour dark period than in the irradiation condition in the 12-hour light period / 12-hour dark period.

  The method for cultivating brown algae according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment and examples, and various modifications are possible. For example, the culture of algal bodies in the first seedling step is not limited to the above-described method including stress application, and various types can be used as long as the algal bodies can be grown to a sufficient size as the previous stage of the second seedling step. You can use any method.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used as a method for cultivating brown algae that can reduce the time and labor required for cultivation of brown algae such as gagome.

It is a schematic diagram shown about the growth process of Gagome. It is a figure which shows typically each cultivation process in the cultivation method of Gagome. It is a figure which shows typically each cultivation process in the cultivation method of Gagome. It is a figure which shows typically each cultivation process in the cultivation method of Gagome. It is a figure which shows the example of culture | cultivation of Gagome. It is a figure which shows the difference in the growth state of a gagome at the time of changing and changing the wavelength of the light to irradiate.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Indoor water tank, 11 ... Seawater, 15 ... Seedling device, 16 ... Seed yarn, 20 ... White light source, 30 ... Monochromatic light source.

Claims (5)

A cultivation method of brown algae,
A first seedling step of generating brown algae eggs attached to a seedling device, cultivating them under predetermined light conditions and growing them into algal bodies;
The second seedling step for cultivating the algal bodies obtained in the first seedling raising step under light conditions of irradiating forcing light having a wavelength set within a range of 450 nm to 550 nm to grow into brown algae seedlings And a cultivation method characterized by comprising.   The cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising an underwater cultivation step of cultivating the brown algae seedling obtained in the second raising seedling step in the sea. The first seedling raising step includes
Generating the brown algae eggs attached to the seedling device to form the alga bodies; and
A first culturing step for culturing and growing the algal bodies obtained in the generating step under predetermined light conditions;
The cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising a second culturing step for maintaining the algal bodies grown in the first culturing step under conditions set so that the growth of the algae stagnate.   The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the second raising seedling step, monochromatic light having a wavelength of 500 nm is used as the forcing light.   The cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the second raising seedling step, the temperature of seawater used for culturing the algal bodies is set to a temperature within a range of 10 ° C to 15 ° C. Method.

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