JP2007530926A - 風力タービンによって体験される風速および風向を決定する装置および方法 - Google Patents
風力タービンによって体験される風速および風向を決定する装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/02—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer
- G01P5/06—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer using rotation of vanes
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/14—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/14—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid
- G01P5/16—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid using Pitot tubes, e.g. Machmeter
- G01P5/165—Arrangements or constructions of Pitot tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/301—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/321—Wind directions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/324—Air pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05B2270/802—Calibration thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、風力タービンによって体験される(experienced)風速および風向を決定するために使用される装置および方法に関する。
風力タービンの電力出力および風によって風力タービンに掛かる荷重は、風に対する風力タービンの向きにその多くは依存する。それゆえ、ほとんどの風力タービンは、風力タービンの方向を調整して、最適の向きを達成できるような手段を利用可能である。さらに、ほとんどの風力タービンにおいて、例えば、風速に依存するブレードの迎え角を変更することによって、風力タービンを調整できる手段を利用可能である。
先行技術において、風速および風向を測定する最も一般的な手段は、風力タービンのナセル(nacelle)の屋根にカップ風力計および風向計を設置することである。このアプローチにおける問題は、風の測定が、ロータの後ろに設置されることである。ロータは、乱流を引き起こすがために、風センサによって測定される風は、ロータの前における風とは異なる。さらに、水平あるいは垂直な角度で風が入ってくると、風力タービンのナセルは渦巻きを導き入れ、境界層は、風センサに大きな影響を与え得る。
本発明の第一の局面は、風力タービン用の風速および風向を感知する装置を提供することである。この装置は、ロータの前に設置され得て、ロータに堅固に装着され得る。
計算をよりシンプルにするため、2つのセンサが、ロータに固定される。これら2つのセンサは、ロータの回転軸の周りに対称的に設置され、回転軸を取り囲む平面に装着される。このようにして、このシステムは、ロータの任意の回転角度で、風がその平面における回転軸に作る角度を求めることができる。2つの異なる角度位置(これら2つの角度は互いに90°である)における2つのセンサの出力を記録することで、風向は三次元で特定され得る。
本発明に従う装置の第一の例示的実施形態1を図1〜図4に示す。この例において、2つの一次元(1D)エア速度センサ2が、スピナの回転軸5を含む平面内で、風力タービン4のスピナ3に装着されている。当業者には周知のように、ロータ6は、典型的には、ハブによって一緒に結合された2つ以上のブレード7を備える。スピナ3は、ハブ周りのフローを流線型にするために、ロータの中心に取り付けられる。ハブは、スピナの内側に位置するので、図1〜図4には示され得ない。
本例においては、センサがスピナに直接装着されるので、センサは、センサがスピナ内部からアクセス可能なように、装着され得る。多くの風力タービンのスピナは、非常に大きいので、維持管理担当者は、スピナの中に這っていくことができる。それゆえ、センサは、センサの本体(body)がスピナの内側になり、感知コンポーネントがスピナの表面にある1つ以上の小さな穴を介して突き出るように、スピナの内部から装着され得る。一次元音響センサの例では、2つの小さな穴が、スピナの表面に空けられ、その穴を介して音波プローブが突き出る。信号調節器と電子機器を備えた音響センサの本体は、スピナの内部にボルト止めされる。多くの他のセンサ(例えば、サボニウスロータ、二翼プロペラ(two bladed propellers)、ピトー管など)も、このようにして装着され得る。
Claims (13)
- 風力タービン(4)によって体験される風速および風向を決定するために使用される装置(1;12;17;22;25)であって、
該風力タービン(4)のロータ(6;19)に固定された少なくとも1つのセンサ(2;13、15;21;23;26)と、
該風力タービン(4)のロータの角度位置を測定する角度センサと、
該少なくとも1つのセンサ(2;13、15;21;23;26)の出力と、角度センサの出力との関係を、該風力タービン(4)によって体験された風速および風向に変換する回路と
を備える、装置。 - 前記少なくとも1つのセンサ(2;13、15;21;23;26)は、前記風力タービン(4)のスピナ(3)またはハブ(19)に装着されるか、あるいは、前記風力タービン(4)のロータ(3;19)に固定された本体(18)に装着されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の装置(1;12;22;25)。
- 前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、エア速度センサ(2)であることを特徴とする、請求項1または請求項2に記載の装置(1)。
- 前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、圧力センサ(13、15;21;23)であり、該圧力センサ(13、15;21;23)の出力は、前記スピナ(3)または前記本体(18)上の点における表面圧力を示すことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の装置(12;17;22)。
- 2つのセンサ(13、15)は、前記ロータ(6)に固定され、該2つのセンサ(13、15)は、該ロータ(6)の回転軸(5)の周りに対称的に設置され、該回転軸(5)を取り囲む平面に装着されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の装置(12)。
- 少なくとも3つのセンサは、前記ロータに固定され、該ロータ(6)の回転軸(5)の周りで等距離にある角に設置されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 風力タービン(4)によって体験される風速および風向を決定するために使用される方法であって、
該風力タービン(4)のロータ(6)の回転軸(5)の周りで、少なくとも1つのセンサ(2;13、15;21;23;26)を回転するステップと、
少なくとも1つの角度位置で、該少なくとも1つのセンサ(2;13、15;21;23;26)の出力を記録するステップと、
風速および風向を計算するために、該少なくとも1つの記録と、該記録の採取された少なくとも1つの角度位置との間の関係を使用するステップと
を包含する、方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つのセンサ(2;13、15;21;23;26)は、前記風力タービンのロータ(6;19)に固定された本体(3;18)に装着されることと、
該本体(3;18)の周りのエアフローのフロー特性は、風速および風向の計算に使用されることと
を特徴とする、請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つのセンサ(2;13、15;21;23;26)の出力は、前記ロータ(6;19)の回転中に多数の点で記録されることと、
該記録と、該記録が採取された角度位置との関係は、風速および風向を決定するために使用されることと
を特徴とする、請求項7または請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記関係の位相および極値は、風速および風向を決定するために使用されることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記風力タービン(4)のロータ(6)に固定された少なくとも1つのエア速度センサ(2)であることを特徴とする、請求項7〜請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのセンサは、前記風力タービン(4)のロータ(6;19)に固定された回転本体(3;18)に装着された少なくとも1つの圧力センサ(13、15;21;23)であることを特徴とする、請求項7〜請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 風力タービン(4)によって体験された風速および風向を決定する目的のための、請求項1〜請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の装置の使用。
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DKPA200400494 | 2004-03-26 | ||
PCT/DK2005/000193 WO2005093435A1 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-03-22 | Method and apparatus to determine the wind speed and direction experienced by a wind turbine |
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US (1) | US7347668B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1733241B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4487059B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101389967B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE378603T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2005225666B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2560600C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005003341T2 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1733241T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2296143T3 (ja) |
NO (1) | NO338891B1 (ja) |
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CN101389967B (zh) | 2011-08-24 |
ATE378603T1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
DE602005003341D1 (de) | 2007-12-27 |
DE602005003341T2 (de) | 2008-10-09 |
US20070086893A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
CA2560600C (en) | 2010-10-26 |
CN101389967A (zh) | 2009-03-18 |
JP4487059B2 (ja) | 2010-06-23 |
EP1733241B1 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
ES2296143T3 (es) | 2008-04-16 |
CA2560600A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
AU2005225666B2 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
WO2005093435A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
NO338891B1 (no) | 2016-10-31 |
DK1733241T3 (da) | 2008-03-25 |
EP1733241A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
NO20064797L (no) | 2006-12-27 |
AU2005225666A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
PT1733241E (pt) | 2008-01-28 |
US7347668B2 (en) | 2008-03-25 |
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