JP2007525415A - 炎症反応を調節するための方法 - Google Patents
炎症反応を調節するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(i)有効量のIL−27R/WSX−1リガンド;及び
(ii)製薬上許容される担体
を含有する医薬組成物に関する。
文脈によって異なる要求が為されない限り、単数用語は複数を包含し、複数用語は単数を包含する。
「患者」という用語は、ヒト及び動物被験体を包含する。「調節すること」という用語は、過程の活性の程度又は作用の程度を調節すること又は調整することを指す。「調節すること」は、活性化、増幅、減衰及び抑制を包含する。
対象タンパク質の少なくとも1つの生物活性を部分的に又は完全に模倣する又は阻害する(例えばIL−27の活性を模倣する)選択的結合剤を特定するためのスクリーニング方法が本発明によって提供される。対象タンパク質の生物活性を阻害することは、タンパク質のその同族受容体への結合を阻害すること、インビトロ又はインビボアッセイによって測定されるようなその活性を阻害することを含むが、これらに限定されない。対象タンパク質の生物活性を模倣することは、タンパク質の同族受容体への結合、及びインビトロ又はインビボアッセイによって測定されるような対象タンパク質に類似した生物活性を生じさせることを含むが、これらに限定されない。インビトロアッセイは、タンパク質のその同族受容体又はリガンドへの結合を検出して、そのような結合の速度又は程度を上昇させる又は低下させる能力に関して選択的結合剤をスクリーニングするために使用しうるものを含む。1つの種類のアッセイでは、可溶性受容体などのポリペプチドを固体支持体(例えばアガロース又はアクリルビーズ)に固定し、選択的結合剤の存在下又は不在下でその同族リガンドを添加する。選択的結合剤の存在下又は不在下での可溶性受容体とその同族リガンドの結合の程度を測定する。結合は、例えば放射性標識、蛍光標識又は酵素反応によって検出することができる。
「半減期延長剤」という用語は、治療タンパク質の分解を防ぐ及び/又は半減期を上昇させる、毒性を低下させる、免疫原性を低下させる、又は生物活性を上昇させる分子を指す。例示的なビークルは、Fcドメイン(好ましい)並びに線状重合体(例えばポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、ポリリシン、デキストラン等);分枝鎖重合体(例えば1981年9月15日発行のDenkenwalterらへの米国特許第4,289,872号;1993年7月20日発行のTamへの米国特許第5,229,490号;1993年10月28日公開のFrechetらへの国際公開第93/21259号参照);脂質;コレステロール群(ステロイドなど);炭水化物又はオリゴ糖(例えばデキストラン);サルベージ受容体に結合する何らかの天然又は合成タンパク質、ポリペプチド又はペプチド;ヒト血清アルブミン(HSA)を含むアルブミン;ロイシンジッパードメイン、及び他のそのようなタンパク質及びタンパク質フラグメントを含む。ビークルは以下でさらに説明する。
「抗原」という用語は、抗体などの選択的結合剤によって結合されうる、及び付加的に、その抗原のエピトープに結合することができる抗体を生産するために動物において使用できる、分子又は分子の部分を指す。抗原は1又はそれ以上のエピトープを有してもよい。
組換えDNAを作製する、オリゴヌクレオチド合成を実施する、及び組織培養及び形質転換(例えば電気穿孔、形質移入又はリポフェクション)を実施するためには従来の手法が使用しうる。酵素反応及び精製手法は、製造者の仕様書に従うか又は当技術分野で一般に実施されるように又はここで述べるように実施しうる。前記手法及び手順は、一般に当技術分野で周知の従来の方法に従って及び本明細書全体を通じて引用し、論じる様々な一般的及びより特定の参考文献で述べられているように実施しうる。例えば、参照してここに組み込まれる、Sambrook等,2001年,分子クローニング:実験マニュアル(Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual),第3版,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor,ニューヨーク州参照。特定の定義が為されていない限り、ここで述べる分析化学、合成有機化学、及び医学及び製薬化学に関連して使用される命名法、実験手順及び手法は、当技術分野で周知であり、一般的に使用されるものである。化学合成、化学分析、薬剤の調製、形成及び送達、及び患者の治療には標準手法が使用しうる。
アルゴリズム:Needleman等(1970年),J.Mol.Biol.48:443−453;
比較行列:Henikoff等(1992年)、前出からのBLOSUM62;
ギャップペナルティー:12
ギャップ長ペナルティー:4
類似性の閾値:0
を含む。
20個の天然に生じるアミノ酸及びそれらの略語は従来の使用法に従う。参照してここに組み込まれる、免疫学―一合成(Immunology−−A Synthesis),第2版,(E.S.GolubとD.R.Gren,編),Sinauer Associates:Sunderland,マサチューセッツ州(1991年)参照。20個の従来のアミノ酸の立体異性体(例えばD−アミノ酸)や、−、−二置換アミノ酸、N−アルキルアミノ酸などの非天然アミノ酸、及び他の非慣例的なアミノ酸も、本発明のポリペプチドのための適切な成分でありうる。非慣例的なアミノ酸の例は、4−ヒドロキシプロリン、−カルボキシグルタメート、−N,N,N−トリメチルリシン、−N−アセチルリシン、O−ホスホセリン、N−アセチルセリン、N−ホルミルメチオニン、3−メチルヒスチジン、5−ヒドロキシリシン、−N−メチルアルギニン、及び他の類似アミノ酸及びイミノ酸(例えば4−ヒドロキシプロリン)を含む。ここで使用するポリペプチド表示法では、標準使用法及び一般慣例に従って、左側方向がアミノ末端方向であり、右側方向がカルボキシル末端方向である。
1)疎水性:ノルロイシン(Nor又はNle)、Met、Ala、Val、Leu、Ile;
2)中性親水性:Cys、Ser、Thr、Asn、Gln;
3)酸性:Asp、Glu;
4)塩基性:His、Lys、Arg;
5)鎖の方向に影響を及ぼす残基:Gly、Pro;及び
6)芳香族:Trp、Tyr、Phe。
天然に生じる抗体の構造単位は、典型的には四量体を含む。各々のそのような四量体は、2つの同一対のポリペプチド鎖から成り、各々の対は一本の完全長「L」鎖(典型的には約25kDaの分子量を有する)と1本の完全長「H」鎖(典型的には約50〜70kDaの分子量を有する)を持つ。各々の鎖のアミノ末端部分は、典型的には、典型的に抗原認識の役割を担う約100〜110又はそれ以上のアミノ酸の可変領域を含む。各々の鎖のカルボキシ末端部分は、典型的には、エフェクター機能の責任を担う定常領域を規定する。ヒト軽鎖は、典型的にはκ及びλ軽鎖と分類される。重鎖は、典型的にはμ、δ、γ、α又はεと分類され、それぞれ抗体のアイソタイプをIgM、IgD、IgG、IgA及びIgEと規定する。IgGは、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3及びIgG4を含むがこれらに限定されない、いくつかのサブクラスを有する。IgMは、IgM1及びIgM2を含むがこれらに限定されないサブクラスを有する。IgAは、同様に、IgA1及びIgA2を含むがこれらに限定されないサブクラスに細別される。完全長軽鎖及び重鎖内で、典型的には、約12又はそれ以上のアミノ酸の「J」領域が可変領域と定常領域を連結し、重鎖は約10以上のアミノ酸の「D」領域も含む。例えばFundamental Immunology,Ch.7,第2版,(Paul,W.,編),1989年,Raven Press,ニューヨーク州参照(その全体が参照してここに組み込まれる)。各々の軽鎖/重鎖対の可変領域の組合せが、典型的には抗原結合部位を形成する。
当業者は、ここで上述した手法を用いて、IL−27R受容体及びWSX−1の可溶性フラグメントなどの付加的な薬剤を調製することができる。さらに本発明によれば、そのような物質は、ポリマー(例えばPEG又はデキストラン)、ヒト血清アルブミン(HSA)、トランスサイレチン(TTR)、ロイシンジッパードメイン又はFcドメイン(これが好ましい)などの半減期延長剤に結合しうる。半減期延長剤と前記物質は、その物質のN又はC末端を通して結合しうる。好ましい半減期延長剤はFcドメインであり、好ましいFcドメインはIgG Fcドメインである。
本発明は、免疫応答を調節するための方法及び有効量のIL−27R/WSX−1リガンドを含有する医薬組成物に関する。
主として、IL−27R/WSX−1受容体−リガンド相互作用がIFN−γ産生を上昇させうることを示したインビトロ実験に基づき、WSX−1がTh1型応答の発現のために必須の受容体であるというコンセンサスが生じた。しかし、本発明の開示は、トキソプラズマ症又はインビトロ培養の間に起こる強いTh1極性化条件下で、WSX−1はTh1エフェクター細胞の発現のために必要ではないことを明らかにする。意外にも、トキソプラズマ原虫によるWSX−1欠損マウスの感染を通して、我々はこの受容体についての調節的役割を見出した。WSX−1−/−動物は、持続的なIFN−γ応答及びT細胞増殖亢進に結びつく高度活性化T細胞の蓄積を示す。
本発明はまた、
(i)式Iの化合物の有効量;及び
(ii)製薬上許容される担体
を含有する医薬組成物に関する。
(i)IL−27R/WSX−1リガンドの有効量;及び
(ii)製薬上許容される担体
を含有する。
本発明の化合物が他の合成又は天然に生じる物質と有意の有害相互作用を示すとは予想されない。そこで、本発明の化合物は、免疫応答を調節するために有用な他の化合物及び組成物と組み合わせて投与しうる。特に本発明の化合物は、本発明の他の化合物、他の免疫調節物質等と組み合わせて投与しうる。
本発明の組成物は、当業者の公知の手法を用いて及びここで詳細に述べるように、分子生物学の標準手法によって容易に調製しうる。
本発明の化合物及び組成物の投与経路は、当業者に周知である(“Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences”、前出参照)。前記化合物及び組成物は、従来の非毒性の製薬上許容される担体、アジュバント及び媒体を含む投与製剤中で、経口的、非経口的、吸入スプレーによって、局所的、直腸的、鼻内、口内、膣経路で、又は移植レザバーによって投与しうる。ここで使用する非経口という用語は、皮下、静脈内、動脈内、筋肉内、腹腔内、クモ膜下腔内、病巣内、門脈内、心室内、胸骨内、眼内、脳室内、大脳内(脳実質内)、及び頭蓋内注射又は注入手法;持続放出システム又は移植装置によるものを含む。一部の実施形態では、組成物は、ボーラス注射によって又は注入によって持続的に又は移植装置によって投与しうる。
およそ、有効成分化合物又は組成物約0.001mg〜約100mg/kg体重の用量レベルが前記状態の治療において有用であり、好ましいレベルは200mg/日〜1600mg/日の範囲である。本発明の化合物及び組成物は、通常1日に2回又は3回投与しうる。1日2回の低用量(200〜300mg)から出発し、必要に応じてゆっくりとより高い用量に進むことが好ましい戦略である。単回投与形態を生成するために担体材料と配合しうる有効成分の量は、治療する宿主及び個々の投与様式に依存して異なる。
実験動物。対照として使用した、4〜6週齢の野生型C57B/6マウスを商業供給者から購入した。WSX−1−/−マウスは、特定病原体感染防止環境においてホモ接合体として交配し、飼育した。4〜6週齢のIL−12p40−/−及びRAG−2−/−マウスを商業供給者から購入し、IL−10−/−マウスはインハウスで交配飼育した。IFN−γ欠損マウスは商業供給者から購入した。すべての動物を、機関のガイドラインに従って特定病原体感染防止条件下で飼育した。すべての実験において、5〜8週齢でマウスを感染させ、実験群は3〜5匹の動物を含んだ。
WSX−1はトキソプラズマ原虫に対する抵抗性のために必須である
トキソプラズマ原虫に対する抵抗性の発現と調節におけるIL−27R/WSX−1の役割を評価するために、感染がこのサイトカイン又はその受容体の発現上昇をもたらすかどうかを調べるための試験を実施した。野生型C57BL/6マウスにトキソプラズマ原虫ME49系統の20シストを腹腔内経路(i.p.)で接種した。7日後、感染及び非感染マウスの全脾細胞からmRNAを単離した。逆転写PCR(RT−PCR)を使用して、脾臓におけるIL−27p28、EBI3及びWSX−1についてのmRNAのレベルを評価した。感染の7日後、IL−27p28及びEBI3についてはmRNAレベルの上方調節が存在したが、非攻撃誘発マウスにおけるWSX−1 mRNAの構成的レベルは感染によって評価しうる程度には変化しなかった(図1A)。IL−27 mRNAのこの感染誘導性上昇の有意性を調べるために、3回の実験を代表する、各群当り4匹の野生型、WSX−1−/−及びIL−12p40−/−マウスをトキソプラズマ原虫に感染させ、生存率を観察した。野生型マウスはこの感染の急性期を越えて生存することができたが、WSX−1−/−動物は、IL−12p40−/−マウスと同様に、15日目までに死亡した(図1B)。マウスを経口的又は腹腔内経路のいずれで感染させた場合も同様の結果が認められた。
トキソプラズマ原虫に感染したWSX−1 −/− マウスにおけるサイトカイン産生の上昇
WSX−1の不在がどのようにしてトキソプラズマ原虫に対する免疫応答に影響を及ぼすのかを調べるため、この感染に対する抵抗性に結びつくサイトカインの産生を観測するための動態分析を実施した。感染後0、7及び11日目に(X軸)、野生型及びWSX−1−/−マウスから血清を採取し、ELISAを使用してIL−12p40(A)又はIFN−γ(B)の循環レベルを測定した。指示されている時点で(X軸)、野生型及びWSX−1−/−マウスからの全脾細胞を可溶性トキソプラズマ抗原(sTAg、25μg/ml)又は平板結合αCD3抗体(1μg/ml)と共に72時間培養し、IL−12p40(BとC)、IFN−γ(EとF)、IL−10(GとH)及びIL−2(I)産生に関して検定した(n=3/群、3回の別々の実験の代表)。野生型、WSX−1−/−及びIL−10−/−マウスをトキソプラズマ原虫に感染させ、生存率を観測した。野生型及びWSX−1−/−マウスの感染は極めて高い血清IL−12濃度を導いたが、感染後11日目までに下方調節された(図2A)。感染マウスからの全脾細胞を可溶性トキソプラズマ抗原(sTAg)又はαCD3で刺激することにより、IL−12産生の同様のプロフィールが得られた(図2B及び2C)。同様に、血清中のTNF−α及びIL−23レベルの分析は、野生型とWSX−1−/−マウスの間で有意差を示さなかった。この急性炎症反応は全身IFN−γレベルの著明な上昇を導き、7日後には、前記レベルは野生型とWSX−1−/−マウスの間で同等であった。
トキソプラズマ原虫感染WSX−1 −/− マウスにおけるT細胞応答の増強
CD4+T細胞は急性トキソプラズマ症に対するWSX−1−/−マウスの感受性に関与し、感染WSX−1欠損マウスからの脾細胞は高いレベルのIFN−γを分泌するので、T細胞によるIFN−γ産生を評価するために単細胞分析を用いた。0、7及び10日間感染させた野生型及びWSX−1−/−マウスからの脾細胞を単離し、平板結合αCD3抗体で18時間刺激した後、CD4及び細胞内IFN−γに関して染色した。非感染野生型及びWSX−1からのCD4+T細胞は、αCD3による18時間の刺激後IFN−γをほとんど産生せず、感染後7日目には、野生型とWSX−1−/−動物の両方において同様のパーセンテージの細胞がIFN−γを産生した(図3A)。しかし、感染後11日目まで、野生型コホートと比較して2倍以上のWSX−1−/−CD4+T細胞がIFN−γを生産していた(85%対42%)(図3A)。さらに、10日間感染させたWSX−1−/−マウスからのCD4+T細胞は、野生型細胞よりも多くの細胞当りサイトカインを産生した(図3A)。野生型脾細胞はIFN−γを産生するためにエキソビボでの刺激を必要としたが、WSX−1−/−マウスからのCD4+T細胞の12.0%は、培地単独での培養の12時間後にIFN−γに関して染色陽性であった(図3B)。トキソプラズマ原虫に11日間感染させた野生型及びWSX−1−/−マウスから脾細胞を単離した。細胞を培地中で12時間休息させるか又はαCD3抗体で72時間刺激した後、CD4及び細胞内IFN−γに関して染色した。フローサイトメトリーについては、CD4+事象だけを表示しており、長方形の枠は対照mAbと比較した特異的IFN−γ染色を指示する;IFN−γ+細胞のパーセンテージを水平方向に示し、平均蛍光強度(MFI)の値を垂直方向に示している。WSX−1−/−Th1細胞はまた、それらの野生型相対物よりも長くIFN−γ産生を維持することができた。αCD3で72時間刺激したとき、14日間感染させたWSX−1−/−マウスからのCD4+T細胞の25%がまだIFN−γを分泌しており、一方野生型IFN−γ産生細胞はほとんど残っていなかった(図3B)。
WSX−1 −/− T細胞はトキソプラズマ原虫による感染後に内因性機能亢進を示す
トキソプラズマ原虫による感染はWSX−1−/−マウスにおいて活性化Th1細胞の個体群増加を導いたが、この高い存続性が細胞自律性であるのか又は変化した付属細胞機能によって媒介されるのかは不明であった。この問題を調べるために、非感染マウスから脾細胞を単離し、付着細胞を除去して、75×106の野生型又はWSX−1−/−細胞をRAG−2−/−マウスに養子移入した。7日後、マウスをトキソプラズマ原虫に感染させ、感染後11日目に、野生型及びWSX−1−/−マウスからの全脾細胞を可溶性トキソプラズマ抗原又は平板結合αCD3抗体と共に72時間培養し、ELISAによってIFN−γ産生を定量した(ng/ml)。感染後11日目に、脾細胞を単離し、エキソビボで直接CD4、CD25及びCD62Lの発現に関して染色した。数字は、各々の指示されている四分画におけるCD4+細胞のパーセンテージを示し、太字はCD25high/CD62Llowのパーセンテージを示す。これらの再形成されたマウスにおけるT細胞応答の分析は、感染WSX−1−/−マウスにおけるように、養子移入したWSX−1−/−T細胞がリコール応答の間に高いレベルのIFN−γを産生したことを明らかにした(図5A)。さらに、WSX−1−/−CD4+T細胞はIFN−γを産生する可能性が3倍高く(67%対20%)、野生型コホートと比較したとき活性化マーカーの高い発現を有していた(図5B及び5C)。これらのデータは、感染に続く機能亢進がT細胞に内因性であり、WSX−1−/−マウスの付属細胞画分の欠損によるものではないことを指示する。
WSX−1はインビトロでのTh1分化のために必要ではない
上記で提示したデータと異なって、これまでの報告は、IL−27/WSX−1が最適Th1分化のために必要であると示唆してきた。それ故、WSX−1欠損のCD4+T細胞応答への影響をさらに評価するためにインビトロ試験を実施した。未処置CD4+T細胞を非感染野生型又はWSX−1−/−脾臓から精製し、CFSEで染色して、(A)非極性化条件(α−IL−12及びα−IL−4)又は(B)Th1極性化条件(rIL−12プラスα−IL−4)下で、可溶性αCD3(0.1μg/ml)及びαCD28(0.5μg/ml)で活性化した。最初に、72時間の培養後、上清を収集し、IFN−γの分泌レベルをELISAによって測定した。次に、同じ培養からの残りの細胞をPMA及びイオノマイシンで4時間刺激した後、CFSE及びCD4と組み合わせてIFN−γに関する細胞内染色を実施した。CFSEプロフィールに基づき、各々の個別世代における細胞数を算定し、中性(A)及びTh1(B)極性化条件下での野生型及びWSX−1−/−T細胞に関するデータを各々の表に示している。RT−PCR分析は、すべての培養においてIL−27p28及びEBI3 mRNAの高い発現を明らかにし、これらの試験におけるIL−27の存在の可能性が高いことを指示した。未処置野生型CD4+T細胞を非極性化条件下で(αIL−12、αIL−4)活性化したとき、小さな割合の野生型細胞がIFN−γの産生にコンピテントとなり、上清中に低濃度のタンパク質が検出された(図6A)。平行培養中で、低いパーセンテージのWSX−1−/−CD4+T細胞がIFN−γに関して陽性染色されたが、IFN−γはほとんど全く分泌されなかった(図6A)。細胞分化を追跡するためにCFSE標識を使用することにより、WSX−1−/−CD4+T細胞の小さいが再現可能な増殖能力の上昇を認めた(図6A)。それ故、これまでの試験と一致して、IL−27/WSX−1は、非極性条件下で活性化された未処置CD4+T細胞によるIFN−γの最適産生のために必須である。しかし、他のエフェクター機能の調節におけるIL−27/WSX−1の役割は、WSX−1−/−CD4+T細胞の小さいが再現可能な増殖能力の上昇によって明らかにされた(図6A)。
IL−27シグナル伝達は異種STAT活性化を導く
上記で提示したデータは、野生型とWSX−1−/−マウスの両方が、トキソプラズマ原虫による感染後に活発なTh1型防御応答を発現するが、野生型マウスがこの応答を下方調節できるのに対し、WSX−1−/−マウスはそれができないことを明らかにしている。さらに、CD4+T細胞応答を下方調節できないことは、WSX−1−/−マウスにおける感染誘導性の死亡に寄与する。これらの試験は、WSX−1−/−マウスで認められる重症免疫疾患についての細胞機序を提供するが(図1H)、それらは、組換えIL−27がCD4+T細胞のIFN−γ応答を増強しうることを示したこれまでの試験と一致しない。それ故、T細胞機能へのIL−27/WSX−1の刺激及び阻害作用についての基礎を探索するために、未処置CD45RBHi CD4+T細胞をインビトロでrIL−27によって処理し、このサイトカインによって活性化されるシグナル伝達経路を検討した。未処置CD4+CD45RBhiT細胞を野生型脾臓から選別し、一晩休息させて、その後rIFN−γ、IFN−γ又はrIL−27(すべて50ng/ml)で15分間刺激した。次に細胞を溶解し、全又はチロシンリン酸化STAT−1、STAT−3及びSTAT−5をウエスタンブロット法によって検出した。WSX−1と他のクラスIサイトカイン受容体の構造的相同性に基づき、IL−27はJak/STATシグナル伝達経路を活性化すると考えられた。細胞を様々なサイトカインで刺激し、STAT1、3及び5をリン酸化する能力を評価した。IL−2又はIL−12による未処置CD4+T細胞の刺激はSTAT1、STAT3又はSTAT5を活性化することができず、一方外来性IFN−α及びIFN−γはSTAT1とSTAT3の活性化をもたらしたが、STAT5は活性化しなかった。
ネズミ鞭虫による感染はIL−27 mRNA発現の上昇を導く
これまでの試験は、マクロファージ及びDC系統がLPS刺激後にIL−27 mRNAの発現を上昇させることを明らかにした。加えて、原生動物病原体、トキソプラズマ原虫による感染後にIL−27/WSX−1 mRNAの上方調節がインビボで報告されている。しかし、蠕虫寄生生物による感染などのTh2誘導性刺激への暴露後のIL−27/WSX−1の発現についてはほとんど知られていなかった。野生型C57B/6マウスを経口的にネズミ鞭虫に感染させ、感染後0(すなわち非感染)、7及び14日目に、mRNAをMLNから単離し、IL−27p28、EBI3、WSX−1及びβ−アクチンの発現を定量するためにRT−PCRを実施した。野生型及びWSX−1−/−マウスをネズミ鞭虫に14日間感染させ、腸内幼虫負荷を顕微鏡によって検査した。野生型及びWSX−1−/−マウスをネズミ鞭虫に14日間感染させ、MLN細胞を単離して、ネズミ鞭虫抗原、50g/mlで48時間刺激した。分泌されたIL−4及びIL−5の濃度をELISAによって測定した。ネズミ鞭虫による野生型C57BL/6マウスの経口的攻撃誘発は、感染後18〜21日の間に鞭虫の排出を導く防御的Th2応答の生成をもたらした。感染後0、7及び14日目のC57BL/6マウスの排出MLN中のWSX−1、EBI3及びIL−27p28 mRNAのレベルを分析するためのRT−PCRの使用は、WSX−1及びEBI3についてのmRNAのレベルは構成的であるが、IL−27p28 mRNAのレベルにはネズミ鞭虫感染後に著明な上昇があったことを明らかにした。合わせて考慮すると、これらのデータは、ネズミ鞭虫による感染に応答して、この寄生生物に対する免疫応答を調節しうるIL−27の産生が存在することを明らかにする。
WSX−1 −/− マウスの感染はTh2応答の増強によって媒介される鞭虫排出促進を導く
ネズミ鞭虫に対する免疫におけるIL−27/WSX−1相互作用の役割を評価するために、野生型C57BL/6及びWSX−1−/−マウスに感染卵を接種し、感染後21日目に鞭虫負荷を測定した。この時点で、野生型C57BL/6マウスは鞭虫を排出しており、WSX−1−/−マウスは類似の表現型を示した。これらのデータは、WSX−1−/−マウスがネズミ鞭虫に対する防御免疫を発現しうることを明らかにしたが、WSX−1の不在がこの応答の動態に影響を及ぼしたかどうかは不明であった。それ故、野生型とWSX−1−/−マウスをネズミ鞭虫で攻撃誘発し、感染後14日目に鞭虫負荷を評価した。この時点で、感染野生型マウスは高い数のネズミ鞭虫ウイルスを保有しており、防御的Th2応答がまだ確立されていなかったことを指示した。これに対し、この早い時点で、感染WSX−1−/−マウスは寄生幼虫を排出していた。
WSX−1の不在下での杯細胞及びマスト細胞応答の増強
我々は、ネズミ鞭虫に対する抵抗性のために必要な防御的Th2型応答の発現が杯細胞過形成及びマスト細胞症に関連することを確認した。ネズミ鞭虫に対するWSX−1−/−マウスの抵抗性増強についての基礎をより良く理解するために、いくつかのアプローチを使用して、野生型及びWSX−1−/−マウスにおいて腸杯細胞及びマスト細胞応答を比較した。杯細胞ムチンを視覚化するために染色したマウス腸組織の組織学的切片の分析は、非感染野生型及びWSX−1−/−マウスにおいて同様の数の杯細胞が認められることを明らかにした。しかし感染後14日目に、野生型マウスは感染誘導性杯細胞過形成の徴候を示さなかったのに対し、WSX−1−/−マウスは腸杯細胞過形成及びムチン産生の劇的な上昇を示した。
WSX−1 −/− マウスにおける増強されたTh2応答及びネズミ鞭虫の迅速な排出はIFN−γ産生の欠損とは無関係である
合わせて考慮すると、上記で論じた試験は、WSX−1−/−マウスがネズミ鞭虫に対する抵抗性増強を発現することを明らかにしているが、これらの所見は、Th2応答上昇の基礎となる機構を取り上げていない。IL−27/WSX−1はIFN−γの産生を促進することができるので、WSX−1−/−マウスでのTh1応答の一次欠損が感染マウスにおいてそれに準じたTh2応答を導く可能性がある。この仮説は、IL−12とIFN−γが、ネズミ鞭虫による慢性感染後の防御的Th2サイトカイン応答の発現を損傷しうることを明らかにした試験によって裏付けられる。
インビトロでのIL−27/WSX−1によるTh2応答の阻害
上記に提示したデータは、ネズミ鞭虫に感染したWSX−1−/−マウスにおけるTh2応答の増強を明らかにしているが、これがT細胞機能への直接作用によるものであるかどうかは不明であった。この問題を調べるために、WSX−1の不在又はIL−27の添加が、内因性Th1応答が遮断されるTh2極性化条件下でCD4+T細胞応答の発現にどのような影響を及ぼすかを測定する試験を実施した。
Claims (16)
- 免疫応答を調節し、ヘルパーT細胞媒介性免疫応答を調節し、インターフェロン−γ媒介性免疫応答を調節し、免疫機能亢進疾患を治療し、ヘルパーT細胞媒介性疾患を治療し、ヘルパーT細胞媒介性免疫応答を調節するための薬剤の調製におけるIL−27R/WSX−1リガンドの使用。
- 前記調節が抑制であり、前記リガンドがIL−27R/WSX−1アゴニストである、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記アゴニストが、IL−27、IL−27の活性フラグメント、又はIL−27R/WSX−1活性を増強するIL−27R/WSX−1に対するアゴニスト抗体と特徴付けられる、請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記調節が活性化であり、前記リガンドがIL−27R/WSX−1アンタゴニストである、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記アンタゴニストが、IL−27R/WSX−1結合親和性を保持する不活性IL−27フラグメント、又はIL−27R/WSX−1活性を抑制する、IL−27R/WSX−1に対するアンタゴニスト抗体である、請求項4に記載の使用。
- 前記ヘルパーT細胞がTh1又はTh2である、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記免疫疾患が、自己免疫疾患、過敏性疾患、アレルギー又は喘息である、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記免疫疾患又はヘルパーT細胞媒介性疾患が、後天性免疫不全症候群;急性膵炎;アジソン病;アルコール性肝硬変を含むアルコール誘導性肝損傷;アルツハイマー病;筋萎縮性側索硬化症;喘息及び他の肺疾患;アテローム性動脈硬化症;自己免疫性脈管炎;自己免疫性肝炎誘導性肝損傷;胆汁性肝硬変;AIDS誘導性悪液質を含む、悪液質/食欲不振;多発性骨髄腫及び骨髄性白血病及び他の白血病などの癌、並びに腫瘍転移;慢性疲労症候群;クロストリジウム菌関連性下痢を含むクロストリジウム菌関連疾患;鬱血性心不全、冠状動脈再狭窄、心筋梗塞、心筋機能不全及び冠状動脈バイパス移植を含む、冠状動脈状態及び徴候;若年発症1型糖尿病、真性糖尿病及びインスリン抵抗性を含む糖尿病;子宮内膜症、子宮内膜炎及び関連状態;精巣上体炎;エリスロポエチン抵抗性;発熱;線維筋痛又は痛覚消失症;糸球体腎炎;対宿主性移植片病/移植片拒絶反応;グレーブス病;ギラン−バレー症候群;橋本病;溶血性貧血;出血性ショック;痛覚過敏;潰瘍性大腸炎及びクローン病を含む炎症性腸疾患;変形性関節症、慢性関節リウマチ、若年性関節炎(関節リウマチ)、セロネガティブ多発性関節炎、強直性脊椎炎、ライター症候群及び反応性関節炎、スティル病、乾癬性関節炎、炎症性腸疾患合併関節炎、多発性筋炎、皮膚筋炎、強皮症、全身性硬化症、脈管炎(例えば川崎病)、脳血管炎、ライム病、ブドウ球菌誘導性関節炎、シェーグレン症候群、リウマチ熱、多発性軟骨炎及びリウマチ性多発性筋痛、及び巨細胞性動脈炎を含む、関節の炎症状態及びリウマチ性疾患;例えば角膜移植に関連しうるような、炎症性眼疾患;例えば角膜移植に関連しうるような、炎症性眼疾患;炎症性腸疾患;脳虚血を含む虚血;川崎病;記憶障害;肺疾患;ループス腎炎;多発性硬化症;重症筋無力症;筋障害性神経炎症性疾患;神経毒性;眼変性及びブドウ膜炎を含む眼疾患及び状態;骨粗鬆症;癌関連疼痛を含む疼痛;パーキンソン病;天疱瘡;歯周病;毛孔性紅色粃糠疹;早産;前立腺炎及び関連状態;乾癬及び関連状態;乾癬性関節炎;肺線維症;再灌流損傷;リウマチ熱;慢性関節リウマチ;サルコイドーシス;強皮症;敗血症性ショック;放射線療法からの副作用;シェーグレン症候群、睡眠障害;脊椎関節症;全身性エリテマトーデス;顎関節疾患;甲状腺炎;組織移植又は挫傷、捻挫、軟骨損傷、外傷及び整形外科手術から生じる炎症状態;移植片拒絶反応;ブドウ膜炎;脈管炎;あるいは挫傷、捻挫、軟骨損傷、外傷、整形外科手術、感染又は他の疾患過程から生じる炎症状態と特徴付けられる、請求項1に記載の使用。
- (i)有効量のIL−27R/WSX−1リガンド;及び
(ii)製薬上許容される担体
を特徴とする、医薬組成物。 - 前記IL−27R/WSX−1リガンドが、WSX−1活性を上昇させる物質である、請求項27に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記物質が、IL−27又はその活性フラグメントを含む、請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記物質が、WSX−1上のエピトープに結合するアゴニスト抗体を含む、請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記物質が、IL−27R上のエピトープに結合するアゴニスト抗体を含む、請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記物質が、IL−27RPP上のエピトープに結合するアゴニスト抗体を含む、請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 免疫反応性亢進を治療する、極性化T細胞を抑制する、Th1媒介性疾患を治療する、Th2媒介性疾患を治療する、IFN−γ媒介性疾患を治療する、IgE媒介性疾患を治療する、喘息を治療する、又はアレルギーを治療する上で使用される、WSX活性上昇剤。
- 前記物質が、IL−27、IL−27の活性フラグメント、WSX−1上のエピトープに結合するアゴニスト抗体、IL−27R上のエピトープに結合するアゴニスト抗体、又はIL−27RPP上のエピトープに結合するアゴニスト抗体と特徴付けられる、請求項15において特徴付けられる使用のための物質。
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Cited By (4)
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JP2011092025A (ja) * | 2009-10-27 | 2011-05-12 | Saga Univ | ダブルノックアウト非ヒト動物 |
JP2015204839A (ja) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-11-19 | 国立大学法人佐賀大学 | ノックアウト非ヒト動物 |
JP2016506911A (ja) * | 2013-01-17 | 2016-03-07 | メディツィーニシェ・ホーホシューレ・ハノーファーMedizinische Hochschule Hannover | 疾患の治療または予防に用いるためのファクター1およびファクター2タンパク質、およびその阻害剤 |
JP2021500049A (ja) * | 2017-10-23 | 2021-01-07 | プリベイル セラピューティクス, インコーポレーテッドPrevail Therapeutics, Inc. | 神経変性疾患の遺伝子治療 |
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WO2004069173A2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2004-08-19 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Methods for modulating an inflammatory response |
EP1828250A2 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2007-09-05 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods for treating autoimmune disorders |
WO2008011081A2 (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2008-01-24 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Wsx-1/p28 as a target for anti-inflammatory responses |
WO2010065116A2 (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2010-06-10 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | The use of il-27-p28 to antagonize il-6 mediated signaling |
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JP2011092025A (ja) * | 2009-10-27 | 2011-05-12 | Saga Univ | ダブルノックアウト非ヒト動物 |
JP2016506911A (ja) * | 2013-01-17 | 2016-03-07 | メディツィーニシェ・ホーホシューレ・ハノーファーMedizinische Hochschule Hannover | 疾患の治療または予防に用いるためのファクター1およびファクター2タンパク質、およびその阻害剤 |
JP2015204839A (ja) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-11-19 | 国立大学法人佐賀大学 | ノックアウト非ヒト動物 |
JP2021500049A (ja) * | 2017-10-23 | 2021-01-07 | プリベイル セラピューティクス, インコーポレーテッドPrevail Therapeutics, Inc. | 神経変性疾患の遺伝子治療 |
JP7413256B2 (ja) | 2017-10-23 | 2024-01-15 | プリベイル セラピューティクス,インコーポレーテッド | 神経変性疾患の遺伝子治療 |
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US9913879B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 |
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