JP2007319959A - Surface finishing method, surface finishing tool and machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surface finishing method, a surface finishing tool and a machine tool, having excellent finishing accuracy without requiring the grinding wheel. <P>SOLUTION: In this surface finishing method for a work W using a machining center having a spindle 4 for holding a ball end mill M, the surface finishing tool 1 is made by coating the surface of the ball end mill M with coating material 2 made of softer material than the work W, abrasive grains are supplied on the work W, and the surface of the work W is finished by the finishing tool 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a surface finishing method, a surface finishing tool, and a machine tool for a workpiece such as a mold.

For example, when the mold surface of the mold is mirror-finished with high precision, a manual finishing method using a grindstone has been widely used. However, this method requires a high level of skill of the operator, and there is a problem that the work time for finishing tends to be long. With respect to this problem, Patent Document 1 describes that a grindstone is attached to a processing machine and the surface of a workpiece is finished by automatic control. According to this technique, the problem of operator skill is also solved. Also, shortening of work time can be expected.
JP-A-6-106470 (paragraph 0024)

  However, the technique described in Patent Document 1 is a grindstone as in the case of a conventional hand finishing tool used for the purpose of surface finishing. Therefore, for example, when considering the entire manufacturing process related to the molding surface of a mold, molding is performed. In addition to a milling tool such as an end mill used for surface cutting, a grindstone whose shape is sufficiently controlled is a separately required technique. In addition, when changing from a milling tool to a grindstone in a processing machine, in addition to an error in the shape of the grindstone itself, an attachment error is likely to intervene, which may make it difficult to achieve a predetermined surface finish accuracy.

  The present invention was created to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a surface finishing method, a surface finishing tool, and a machine tool excellent in finishing accuracy without requiring a grindstone.

  In the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a surface finishing method for a workpiece by a machine tool having a spindle capable of gripping a cutting tool, wherein the surface of the cutting tool is coated with a coating material made of a material softer than the workpiece. A finishing tool having a configuration was prepared, abrasive grains were supplied onto the workpiece, and the surface of the workpiece was finished with the finishing tool.

  According to this surface finishing method, the finishing tool finishes the surface of the workpiece while taking in the abrasive grains supplied onto the workpiece with the coating material, and thus exhibits a function substantially equivalent to the surface finishing using a conventional grindstone. . This provides a surface finishing method with excellent finishing accuracy without the need for a grindstone.

  The present invention also relates to a method for surface finishing of a workpiece by a machine tool having a spindle capable of gripping a cutting tool, wherein the cutting tool performs cutting while leaving a predetermined thickness from the final finished surface of the workpiece, and cutting after completion of cutting. A finishing tool having a configuration in which a coating material made of a softer material than the workpiece is coated on the surface of the tool is manufactured, abrasive grains are supplied onto the workpiece, and the surface of the workpiece is finished by the finishing tool. It was set as the surface finishing method characterized by this.

  According to this surface finishing method, the finishing tool finishes the surface of the workpiece while taking in the abrasive grains supplied onto the workpiece with the coating material, and thus exhibits a function substantially equivalent to the surface finishing using a conventional grindstone. . This provides a surface finishing method with excellent finishing accuracy without the need for a grindstone. Moreover, since the cutting tool used for the first cutting is used as it is, the shape of the cutting blade of the finishing tool does not change. Therefore, there is no influence on the finishing accuracy due to an attachment error due to the replacement of another member such as a grindstone or an error in the shape of the separate member, and the method has an excellent finishing accuracy.

  Further, in the present invention, there is provided a surface finishing method for a workpiece by a machine tool having a spindle capable of gripping a cutting tool, and the coating material is coated on the surface of the cutting tool after a coating material made of a material softer than the workpiece. A surface finishing method is characterized in that a finishing tool having a configuration in which abrasive grains are adhered to the surface of the workpiece is prepared, and the surface of the workpiece is finished with the finishing tool.

  According to this surface finishing method, the finishing tool finishes the surface of the workpiece through the abrasive grains that are pre-adhered to the coating material, and thus exhibits a function substantially equivalent to the surface finishing using a conventional grindstone. . Thereby, it becomes the surface finishing method excellent in finishing precision, without requiring a grindstone.

  The present invention also relates to a method for surface finishing of a workpiece by a machine tool having a spindle capable of gripping a cutting tool, wherein the cutting tool performs cutting while leaving a predetermined thickness from the final finished surface of the workpiece, and cutting after completion of cutting. After coating the surface of the tool with a coating material made of a material softer than the workpiece, a finishing tool having a configuration in which abrasive grains are adhered to the coating material is produced, and the surface of the workpiece is coated with the finishing tool. The surface finishing method was characterized by finishing.

  According to this surface finishing method, the finishing tool finishes the surface of the workpiece through the abrasive grains that are pre-adhered to the coating material, and thus exhibits a function substantially equivalent to the surface finishing using a conventional grindstone. . Thereby, it becomes the surface finishing method excellent in finishing precision, without requiring a grindstone. Moreover, since the cutting tool used for the first cutting is used as it is, the shape of the cutting blade of the finishing tool does not change. Therefore, there is no influence on the finishing accuracy due to an attachment error due to the replacement of another member such as a grindstone or an error in the shape of the separate member, and the method has an excellent finishing accuracy.

  Moreover, in this invention, it was set as the surface finishing method characterized by the abrasive grain being previously mixed in the coating material to the surface of the said cutting tool.

  According to this surface finishing method, since the abrasive grains are mixed in the coating material in advance, the workpiece can be finished in a state where more abrasive grains are adhered around the surface of the surface finishing tool.

  Further, the present invention is a workpiece surface finishing tool that is gripped by a spindle of a machine tool capable of gripping a cutting tool and performs workpiece finishing, and the coating material made of a softer material than the workpiece is cut into the cutting material. It was set as the surface finishing tool characterized by consisting of the structure coated on the surface of the tool.

  According to this surface finishing tool, it is possible to attach abrasive grains to the surface around the cutting blade via the coating material. Thereby, the surface finishing function substantially equivalent to a grindstone can be given to an existing cutting tool, and the surface of a workpiece can be finished without using a grindstone.

  Moreover, in this invention, it was set as the surface finishing tool characterized by the abrasive grain being mixed in the said coating material.

  According to this surface finishing tool, the workpiece can be finished in a state where more abrasive grains are adhered around the surface of the surface finishing tool.

  Moreover, in this invention, it was set as the machine tool provided with the said surface finishing tool.

  According to this machine tool, the surface of a workpiece can be finished using an existing cutting tool without using a grindstone.

  In the present invention, in a machine tool having a spindle that can grip a cutting tool, the spindle that grips the cutting tool and the workpiece can be moved relative to each other in three orthogonal directions, and within a movable range of the spindle, As a coating for the surface of the cutting tool, a liquid coating material made of a material softer than the workpiece or a storage tank storing a mixture in which abrasive particles are mixed in the coating material is provided. It was a machine tool.

  According to this machine tool, the coating work of the coating material can be automatically performed by the movement of the spindle holding the cutting tool, and after finishing the cutting with the same machine, a finishing tool is produced from the cutting tool. The finishing process can be continued.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a surface finishing method, a surface finishing tool, and a machine tool that are excellent in finishing accuracy without requiring a grindstone.

  Hereinafter, a case will be described in which the present invention is applied to a ball end mill that is a cutting tool, and this is used as a surface finishing tool (sometimes simply referred to as a “finishing tool”). FIG. 1 is a side view of a surface finishing tool according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partial external perspective view of a machining center which is a machine tool according to the present invention, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are each a first embodiment of a surface finishing method according to the present invention. It is an effect explanatory view showing an example and the 2nd example.

  In FIG. 1, a surface finishing tool 1 of the present invention coats a coating material 2 made of a material softer than the material of a workpiece W (FIG. 2) to be cut on the surface of a cutting edge Ma on a ball end mill M. Configured as a tool. As the ball end mill M, a known one is used in which a cutting blade Ma is formed in the lower part and the upper part is gripped and attached to the main spindle of the machine tool.

  The purpose of forming the coating layer by the coating material 2 is to attach abrasive grains to the surface around the cutting blade Ma, and thereby to give the existing cutting tool a surface finishing function substantially equivalent to a grindstone. Can do. As the abrasive grains, superabrasive grains such as diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN) are desirable, but other natural abrasive grains and artificial abrasive grains such as alumina and silicon carbide can also be used. In view of the function of attaching abrasive grains, the material of the coating material 2 is preferably one having adhesiveness or heat resistance, and preferable examples thereof include thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins and phenol resins. Thermoplastic resins such as vinyl chloride and ethylene terephthalate can be used under such conditions that the temperature of the processing area does not rise extremely.

  Metals can also be used as materials other than resin, and soft metals such as copper, silver, and zinc are particularly desirable. For example, it is possible to use relatively soft copper as the coating material 2 and form a copper coating layer on the surface of the cutting blade Ma by a coating technique such as plating or thermal spraying. In this case, during the surface finishing process, the abrasive grains on the workpiece W (FIG. 2) are wound up by the finishing tool, and the abrasive grains stick to the surface of the copper coating layer.

  In addition, for example, abrasive grains can be attached to the surface of the cutting blade Ma together with the coating material 2 by a technique such as composite plating. However, only the coating material 2 is coated on the surface of the cutting blade Ma, and the abrasive grains are separated from this. It is also possible to supply directly to the processing part of the workpiece W.

  If the coating material 2 is made of a material harder than the workpiece W (FIG. 2), the coating layer will affect the finishing accuracy. Therefore, in the present invention, “a material softer than the workpiece material” is used as the coating material 2. It is a requirement. The most desirable relationship between the hardnesses of the cutting blade (Ma), workpiece (W), abrasive grains, and coating material (2) of the cutting tool is “abrasive grain> cutting blade> workpiece> coating material”.

  Moreover, it is good also as the surface finishing tool 1 which mixed the abrasive grain beforehand in the coating material 2, and coated this mixture on the surface of the cutting blade Ma.

  Next, in FIG. 2, a machining center 3 that is a machine tool includes a spindle 4 that can grip a cutting tool such as the ball end mill M or the surface finishing tool produced from the cutting tool. The illustrated machining center 3 is a type in which a spindle head 5 having a spindle 4 at the lower end moves in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, and a mounting table 6 on which the workpiece W is placed moves in the Y-axis direction. If the workpiece W and the spindle 4 (spindle head 5) can move relative to each other in three orthogonal directions, for example, the spindle 4 (spindle head 5) moves in the Z-axis direction and the mounting table 6 moves in the X-axis direction and A type that moves in the Y-axis direction, a type that the spindle 4 (spindle head 5) moves in all three orthogonal directions, or the like may be used.

  The machining center 3 stores a liquid coating material 2 or a mixture in which abrasive particles are mixed in the coating material 2 for coating the surface of the cutting edge Ma of the ball end mill M within the movable range of the main shaft 4. A storage tank 7 is provided. A suitable example of the coating material 2 in this case is a liquid adhesive or a liquid adhesive in which abrasive grains are mixed in advance.

  Hereinafter, a surface finishing method in the case where the machining center 3 is used and the workpiece W is used as a molding die and the surface of the molding recess Wa is finished will be described with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 (or FIG. 4).

First, a preferred first embodiment includes a method including the following steps (A) to (D).
(A) A step of cutting the formed recess Wa by the ball end mill M while leaving a predetermined thickness t1 from the final finished surface S of the workpiece W.
(B) A step of producing a finishing tool 1 having a configuration in which the surface of the cutting edge Ma of the ball end mill M after completion of cutting used in the step (A) is coated with the coating material 2;
(C) supplying the abrasive grains K onto the molding recess Wa;
(D) A step of finishing the forming recess Wa with the finishing tool 1.

  FIG. 3A shows a state in which the step (A) is completed. The dimension of the predetermined thickness t1 is about several microns, for example. According to the technique of Patent Document 1, after the step (A), the ball end mill M is replaced with a grindstone which is a separate member. However, in the present invention, the ball end mill M used for cutting by the step (B). Is used as a finishing tool 1 as it is. As a method of producing the finishing tool 1 without removing the ball end mill M from the spindle 4 of FIG. 2, the spindle 4 (spindle head 5) is moved as shown by the phantom line in FIG. The cutting edge Ma of the ball end mill M may be moved and immersed in the coating material 2 in the storage tank 7 (or a mixture obtained by mixing abrasive grains K in the coating material 2).

  Then, the spindle 4 (spindle head 5) is moved again, and as shown in FIG. 3B, the cutting blade Ma of the finishing tool 1 on which the coating layer 2 of the coating material 2 is formed by dipping is formed on the surface of the molding recess Wa. Press. Further, abrasive grains K are supplied to the surface of the molding recess Wa. The abrasive grains K may be supplied in advance to the surface of the molding recess Wa before grinding as a finishing process by the finishing tool 1, or may be supplied during the grinding.

  Next, in FIG. 2, the spindle 4 and the workpiece W are relatively moved in the three-axis directions based on the predetermined program control of the machining center 3, and as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3D, the surface of the molding recess Wa is finished to a final finished surface S. At this time, the finishing tool 1 is rotated in the direction opposite to the rotating direction at the time of cutting by the ball end mill M. In the middle of grinding in FIG. 3C, the abrasive grains K on the forming recesses Wa adhere to the surface of the coating material 2 or are sandwiched between the coating layer and the workpiece W. If the coating material 2 is insufficient during grinding, the coating process may be performed again.

  As described above, the cutting tool (ball end mill M) is used to perform cutting while leaving a predetermined thickness t1 from the final finished surface S of the workpiece W, and the surface of the cutting tool (ball end mill M) after cutting is softer than the workpiece W. If the surface finishing method is to prepare a finishing tool 1 having a configuration in which a coating material 2 made of the above material is coated, supply abrasive grains K onto the workpiece W, and finish the surface of the workpiece W with the finishing tool 1. Then, the surface of the workpiece W is ground while the finishing tool 1 adheres the abrasive grains K supplied on the workpiece W to the surface of the coating material 2 or sandwiches between the coating layer and the workpiece W. That is, the surface of the workpiece W is ground with a cutting blade having an outer layer made up of a collection of abrasive grains K, and functions substantially the same as a surface finish using a conventional grindstone. Thereby, it becomes the surface finishing method excellent in finishing precision, without requiring a grindstone. Further, since the cutting tool (ball end mill M) used for the first cutting is used as it is, the shape of the cutting blade Ma does not change. Therefore, there is no influence on the finishing accuracy due to an attachment error by changing to another member such as a grindstone or an error in the shape of the other member, and the method is excellent in finishing accuracy.

In addition, although the above 1st Example is an aspect which makes the finishing tool 1 using the ball end mill M used for the first cutting as it is, as a modification of 1st Example, for example, for the first cutting There is a method in which a cutting tool different from the used cutting tool is used as the finishing tool 1. The method in this case can be expressed as including the following steps (B ′) to (D).
(B ′) a step of producing a finishing tool 1 having a configuration in which the surface of a cutting tool (ball end mill M) is coated with a coating material 2 made of a material softer than the workpiece W;
(C) supplying the abrasive grains K onto the molding recess Wa;
(D) A step of finishing the forming recess Wa with the finishing tool 1.

  Even a method including the steps (B ′) to (D) is a surface finishing method having excellent finishing accuracy without requiring a grindstone.

  Next, a preferred second embodiment will be described. In contrast to the first embodiment and the modification thereof in which the abrasive grains K are supplied onto the molding recesses Wa, the second embodiment coats the coating material 2 at a stage before the surface finishing process. The present invention relates to a mode in which abrasive grains K are directly attached to the finished finishing tool 1.

The second embodiment includes the following steps (E) to (G). However, the steps (E) and (G) are the same as the steps (A) and (D).
(E) A step of cutting the formed recess Wa by the ball end mill M while leaving a predetermined thickness t1 from the final finished surface S of the workpiece W.
(F) After coating the coating material 2 on the surface of the cutting edge Ma of the ball end mill M after completion of cutting used in the step (E), the abrasive grains K were adhered to the coated coating material 2. A step of producing a finishing tool 1 having a configuration;
(G) A step of finishing the forming recess Wa with the finishing tool 1.

  FIG. 4A shows a state in which the step (E) is completed. From this state, as indicated by phantom lines in FIG. 2, the spindle 4 (spindle head 5) is moved, and the cutting blade Ma of the ball end mill M is moved to the coating material 2 in the storage tank 7 (or the abrasive grains K on the coating material 2). Soaked in the mixture). Next, the spindle 4 (spindle head 5) is moved, and the cutting blade Ma is placed in the abrasive container 8 in which the abrasive grains K separately provided in the machining center 3 are stored. Thereby, the abrasive grains K adhere to the periphery of the cutting blade Ma in a dense state.

  Then, the spindle 4 (spindle head 5) is moved again, and the cutting blade Ma of the finishing tool 1 is pressed against the surface of the forming recess Wa as shown in FIG. 4B. Next, in FIG. 2, the spindle 4 and the workpiece W are relatively moved in the three-axis directions based on the predetermined program control of the machining center 3, and as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4D, the surface of the molding recessed portion Wa is finished to a final finished surface S.

  As described above, the cutting tool (ball end mill M) is used to perform cutting while leaving a predetermined thickness t1 from the final finished surface S of the workpiece W, and the surface of the cutting tool (ball end mill M) after cutting is softer than the workpiece W. A finishing tool 1 having a configuration in which a coating material 2 made of the above material is coated and abrasive grains K are adhered to the coated coating material 2 is manufactured, and the surface of the workpiece W is finished by the finishing tool 1 If it is set as a finishing method, the finishing tool 1 will grind the surface of the workpiece | work W through the abrasive grain K adhering to the coating material 2 previously. Also in this case, of course, the surface finishing method that exhibits substantially the same function as the surface finishing using the conventional grindstone is obtained, and this makes the surface finishing method excellent in finishing accuracy without requiring a grindstone. Further, since the cutting tool (ball end mill M) used for the first cutting is used as it is, the shape of the cutting blade Ma does not change. Therefore, there is no influence on the finishing accuracy due to an attachment error by changing to another member such as a grindstone or an error in the shape of the other member, and the method is excellent in finishing accuracy. In particular, excellent surface accuracy can be obtained by microfabrication in a molding concave portion of a mold.

In addition, although the above 2nd Example is an aspect which uses the ball end mill M used for the first cutting as it is as the finishing tool 1, as a modification of 2nd Example, for example, for the first cutting There is a method in which a cutting tool different from the used cutting tool is used as the finishing tool 1. The method in this case can be expressed as including the following steps (F ′) and (G).
(F ′) a step of producing a finishing tool 1 having a configuration in which abrasive grains K are adhered to the coated coating material 2 after coating the coating material 2 on the surface of the cutting edge Ma of the ball end mill M;
(G) A step of finishing the forming recess Wa with the finishing tool 1.

  Even a method including the steps (F ′) and (G) is a surface finishing method having excellent finishing accuracy without requiring a grindstone.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. The cutting tool used in the present invention is not limited to the ball end mill, and any tool that can cut the workpiece W may be used. In addition, the surface finishing method has been mainly described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment. However, a method using these in combination, that is, a configuration in which the abrasive grains K are directly attached to the coating material 2. It is good also as an aspect which produces the finishing tool 1 which becomes and supplies the abrasive grain K on the workpiece | work W. FIG.

It is a side view of the surface finishing tool which concerns on this invention. It is a partial appearance perspective view of a machining center which is a machine tool concerning the present invention. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing which shows 1st Example of the surface finishing method which concerns on this invention. It is effect | action explanatory drawing which shows 2nd Example of the surface finishing method which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Surface finishing tool 2 Coating material 3 Machining center (machine tool)
4 Spindle 7 Storage tank K Abrasive M Ball end mill (cutting tool)
Ma Cutting blade W Workpiece Wa Molding recess

Claims (9)

A surface finishing method for a workpiece by a machine tool having a spindle capable of gripping a cutting tool,
A finishing tool having a configuration in which the surface of the cutting tool is coated with a coating material made of a softer material than the workpiece is manufactured, abrasive grains are supplied onto the workpiece, and the surface of the workpiece is finished by the finishing tool. A surface finishing method characterized by that. A surface finishing method for a workpiece by a machine tool having a spindle capable of gripping a cutting tool,
A cutting tool is used to perform cutting by leaving a predetermined thickness from the final finished surface of the work, and a finishing tool having a configuration in which a coating material made of a softer material than the work is coated on the surface of the cutting tool after cutting is completed, A surface finishing method, comprising supplying abrasive grains onto the workpiece and finishing the surface of the workpiece with the finishing tool. A surface finishing method for a workpiece by a machine tool having a spindle capable of gripping a cutting tool,
After coating the surface of the cutting tool with a coating material made of a material softer than the workpiece, a finishing tool having a configuration in which abrasive grains are adhered to the coating material is manufactured, and the surface of the workpiece is coated with the finishing tool. A surface finishing method characterized by finishing. A surface finishing method for a workpiece by a machine tool having a spindle capable of gripping a cutting tool,
A cutting tool is used to cut a predetermined thickness from the final finished surface of the workpiece, and after the cutting is completed, the surface of the cutting tool is coated with a coating material made of a softer material than the workpiece, and then the coating material is ground. A surface finishing method comprising: producing a finishing tool having a structure to which grains are adhered, and finishing the surface of the workpiece with the finishing tool.   The surface finishing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein abrasive particles are mixed in the coating material on the surface of the cutting tool. A surface finishing tool for a workpiece that is gripped by a spindle of a machine tool capable of gripping a cutting tool, and for finishing the workpiece,
A surface finishing tool characterized in that the surface of the cutting tool is coated with a coating material made of a material softer than a workpiece.   The surface finishing tool according to claim 6, wherein abrasive particles are mixed in the coating material.   A machine tool comprising the surface finishing tool according to claim 6. In machine tools with a spindle that can grip cutting tools,
The spindle and the workpiece holding the cutting tool can be moved relative to each other in three orthogonal directions;
A storage tank in which a liquid coating material made of a material softer than the workpiece or a mixture in which abrasive particles are mixed is stored for coating the surface of the cutting tool within the movable range of the spindle. Is provided with a machine tool.

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