JP2007247545A - Variable compression ratio internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent knocking in the high compression ratio, and to reduce a cooling loss in the low compression ratio. <P>SOLUTION: This invention has a piston 22 reciprocating in a cylinder and a compression ratio control means 1 capable of varying the engine compression ratio by changing a top dead center position of the piston 22 on the basis of an engine operation state, and is characterized by setting heat conductivity of the cylinder 23 of a part facing the most rising part of the piston 22 when setting the engine compression ratio to the high compression ratio, larger than heat conductivity of the cylinder 23 of the part similarly facing the most rising part of the piston 22 when setting the engine compression ratio to the low compression ratio. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine.

As a mechanism capable of changing the engine compression ratio of an internal combustion engine according to the operating state, for example, a multi-link type piston stroke mechanism as shown in Patent Document 1 is known. This multi-link type piston stroke mechanism rotatably connects a lower link to a crank pin, an upper link is connected to one end of the lower link by an upper pin, and a control link is rotatably connected to the other end by a control pin. The operation of the lower link is regulated by the control link. And, by controlling the control link according to the operating condition and changing the inclination of the lower link, the top dead center position of the piston connected to the other end of the upper link is controlled, and the variable compression ratio mechanism is realized. It is.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-129995

  By the way, generally, when the engine compression ratio is set to a high compression ratio, the temperature of the air-fuel mixture compressed in the combustion chamber becomes high and knocking is likely to occur. Therefore, to achieve a high compression ratio, it is necessary to increase the cooling efficiency and lower the temperature in the combustion chamber or cylinder. On the other hand, when the engine compression ratio is set to a low compression ratio, the thermal efficiency is lowered and the engine output is reduced. Therefore, when the compression ratio is low, we want to insulate the combustion chamber and the cylinder, reduce the cooling loss, and improve the engine output.

  However, in the conventional variable compression ratio internal combustion engine described above, whether to focus on increasing the cooling efficiency at the high compression ratio or focusing on reducing the cooling loss at the low compression ratio is an alternative. There was a problem that it was impossible to balance.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to such conventional problems, and aims to increase the cooling efficiency at the time of a high compression ratio and to reduce the cooling loss at the time of a low compression ratio.

  The present invention comprises a piston that reciprocates in a cylinder, and a compression ratio control means that changes the top dead center position of the piston based on the engine operating state to make the engine compression ratio variable, thereby increasing the engine compression ratio. When the compression ratio is set, the thermal conductivity of the portion of the cylinder facing the highest rising portion of the piston is larger than the thermal conductivity of the portion of the cylinder facing the highest rising portion of the piston when the compression ratio is low. It is characterized by that.

  In the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine according to the present invention, the cylinder is composed of members having different thermal conductivities corresponding to the piston stroke positions of the high compression ratio and the low compression ratio. Thereby, the knocking prevention effect can be sufficiently exhibited in the high compression ratio state, and the cooling loss reduction effect can be sufficiently exhibited in the low compression ratio state.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
The internal combustion engine according to the present invention is, for example, an in-line four-cylinder spark ignition gasoline engine, which is a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine (compression ratio control means) using a multi-link type piston stroke mechanism that variably controls the compression ratio. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1. First, this will be described with reference to FIG.

  The variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 of FIG. 1 is different from a normal crank mechanism in that a piston 22 and a crankshaft 21 are connected via two links, an upper link (first link) 11 and a lower link (second link) 12. Further, a control link (third link) 13 that restricts the behavior is connected to the lower link 12, and the control link 13 is rotated (oscillated) by a control shaft 14 having an eccentric shaft portion 15. The center can be changed.

  More specifically, the crankshaft 21 has a plurality of journals 21a and crankpins 21b. The journal 21 a is rotatably supported by the main bearing of the cylinder block 20. The cylinder block 20 is provided with a water jacket 29 through which cooling water circulates. The crank pin 21b is eccentric by a predetermined amount from the journal 21a, and the lower link 12 is rotatably connected thereto. The lower link 12 is configured to be split into two members, and the crank pin 21b is fitted into a substantially central connecting hole.

  The lower end of the upper link 11 is rotatably connected to one end of the lower link 12 by a connecting pin 25, and the upper end is rotatably connected to the piston 22 by a piston pin 24.

  The piston 22 is slidably fitted to a cylinder liner 27 fitted to the cylinder block 20. The piston 22 receives the combustion pressure and reciprocates in the cylinder 23. A piston ring (top ring) 28 is inserted into the piston 22. The piston ring 28 transfers the heat received by the piston 22 to the cylinder liner 27.

  The upper end side of the control link 13 is rotatably connected to the other end of the lower link 12 by a connecting pin 26, and the lower end side is rotatable about the eccentric shaft portion 15 of the control shaft 14.

  The control shaft 14 is rotated by a pinion 32 attached to the tip of the actuator 31. When the control shaft 14 rotates, the eccentric shaft portion 15 moves up and down, and the control link 13 moves up and down accordingly.

  Here, the adjustment method of the piston top dead center position of the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 shows a case where the piston top dead center position is at a high compression ratio, and FIG. 3 shows a case where the piston top dead center position is at a low compression ratio.

  When increasing the compression ratio, as shown in FIG. 2, the actuator 31 is driven to lower the eccentric shaft portion 15 of the control shaft 14. Then, the lower link 12 moves clockwise and the connecting pin 25 is raised, so that the position of the top dead center of the piston 22 rises.

  When the compression ratio is lowered, the eccentric shaft portion 15 of the control shaft 14 is raised by driving the actuator 31 as shown in FIG. Then, the lower link 12 moves counterclockwise and the connecting pin 25 is lowered, so that the position of the top dead center of the piston 22 is lowered.

  2 and 3 representatively show the high compression ratio state and the low compression ratio state, but the compression ratio can be continuously changed between them.

  FIG. 4 shows a piston stroke characteristic obtained by the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 described above and a piston obtained by a conventional single link piston stroke mechanism in which the piston and the crank pin of the crankshaft are connected by a single link (connecting rod). The stroke characteristics are shown.

  In the conventional single link type piston stroke mechanism, the piston moves fast (high acceleration) near the top dead center, and dull (low acceleration) near the bottom dead center. On the other hand, in the case of the multi-link type piston stroke mechanism 1, a piston stroke characteristic close to simple vibration can be obtained by appropriately setting the link configuration. Therefore, the piston acceleration is leveled, and the piston speed near the top dead center becomes slower than the conventional one. In the vicinity of the top dead center, scavenging, filling, and air-fuel mixture formation are performed by high-pressure fresh air supplied from the intake valve, and ignition is also performed. Thus, by reducing the piston speed near the top dead center where the stroke is concentrated by the multi-link mechanism, it is possible to increase the rotation speed that can be output. However, if the piston speed near the top dead center decreases, the cooling loss increases accordingly.

  By the way, in an internal combustion engine, if a compression ratio is made high, thermal efficiency will also increase with it. This is because increasing the compression ratio also increases the expansion ratio. Here, high heat efficiency means that more work is performed when the same heat energy is applied, that is, the output is large. Further, if the thermal efficiency is increased, the fuel consumption rate is also reduced, so that the fuel consumption is improved.

  However, if the compression ratio is too high, the combustion chamber becomes too high in pressure due to the combustion gas after the start of combustion. Therefore, the entire combustion chamber including unburned gas becomes high temperature, and knocking is likely to occur.

  As a method of preventing the occurrence of knocking due to the temperature rise in the combustion chamber accompanying such a high compression ratio, it is conceivable to increase the cooling efficiency by configuring the cylinder liner 27 with a high heat conductive material. Most of the heat received by the piston 22 is transferred to the cylinder liner 27 via the piston ring 28. Then, the heat is finally radiated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. If the cylinder liner 27 is made of a high heat conductive material, this amount of heat can be efficiently dissipated to the cooling water, so that an increase in temperature in the combustion chamber can be suppressed. Therefore, the occurrence of knocking can be prevented and the compression ratio can be further increased, so that the output can be improved.

  On the other hand, when the compression ratio is low, knocking hardly occurs. Therefore, it is required to improve the output and fuel consumption by reducing the cooling loss and improving the thermal efficiency. For this purpose, it is effective to form the cylinder liner 27 with a heat insulating material (low heat conductive material) such as zirconia. If the cylinder liner 27 is formed of a heat insulating material, the amount of heat transferred from the piston ring 28 to the cylinder liner 27 can be reduced. As a result, the amount of heat transferred from the combustion gas to the piston 22 can be reduced, and a decrease in thermal energy that can be used for expansion of the combustion gas can be suppressed.

  As described above, the cylinder liner 27 is required to have thermal conductivity which is contradictory between the state where the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 is set to the high compression ratio and the state where the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 is set to the low compression ratio. Therefore, if the cylinder liner 27 is composed of a single member, the effects of the above-described high compression ratio and low compression ratio cannot be sufficiently obtained (hereinafter, a cylinder liner composed of a single member will be obtained). Called a "single liner").

  Therefore, in the present invention, in order to satisfy these requirements, the cylinder liner 27 is configured with members having different thermal conductivities corresponding to the piston stroke positions. That is, the high thermal conductivity member 27a is used for the part corresponding to the highest piston position when the compression ratio is high, and the low thermal conductivity member 27b is used for the part corresponding to the highest piston position when the compression ratio is low. A cylinder liner 27 is configured. As a result, the knocking prevention effect can be sufficiently exhibited when the compression ratio is increased, and the cooling loss reduction effect can be sufficiently exhibited when the compression ratio is decreased. This will be specifically described below.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In the following drawings, the position of the piston 22 indicated by a solid line is the compression top dead center position of the piston 22 when the compression ratio is maximized. The position of the piston 22 indicated by a broken line is the compression top dead center position of the piston 22 when the compression ratio is minimized.

  In the first embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of three members: a high thermal conductivity member 27a, a low thermal conductivity member 27b, and other members 27c.

  Here, “other members” refers to members having a thermal conductivity different from that of the high thermal conductivity member and the low thermal conductivity member. The thermal conductivity of the other members is preferably intermediate between the high thermal conductivity member and the low thermal conductivity member, or lower than that of the low thermal conductivity member. As shown in FIG. 5, when the compression ratio is set to the maximum, when the piston 22 is located at the compression top dead center (the position of the piston 22 indicated by the solid line. Hereinafter, “the highest compression ratio and the compression top dead center position”). In other words, the portion of the cylinder liner 27 facing the top ring 28 is composed of a high thermal conductivity member 27a.

  As a result, at the maximum compression ratio and the compression top dead center position, the amount of heat received by the piston 22 can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27 and radiated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Therefore, the temperature of the piston 22 and the piston ring 28 can be lowered, and the occurrence of knocking can be prevented. Further, since the knock margin increases, the output can be improved by further increasing the compression ratio or by increasing the ignition timing and increasing the maximum combustion pressure.

  On the other hand, when the compression ratio is set to the lowest, when the piston 22 is located at the compression top dead center (the position of the piston 22 indicated by a broken line, hereinafter referred to as “minimum compression ratio and compression top dead center position”), A portion of the cylinder liner 27 facing the top ring 28 is constituted by a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  Thereby, the amount of heat transfer from the top ring 28 to the cylinder liner 27 at the lowest compression ratio and the compression top dead center position can be reduced. As a result, the amount of heat transferred from the combustion gas to the piston 22 can be reduced. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a decrease in heat energy that can be used for the expansion of the combustion gas, so that the output and fuel consumption can be improved. The piston 22 passes through the low thermal conductivity member 27b when reciprocating in the cylinder 23 during each stroke. At this time, in the expansion / exhaust stroke, the heat insulation effect of the low thermal conductivity member 27b keeps the combustion gas at a higher temperature than when the combustion gas is composed of a single liner. Therefore, the lubricating oil temperature between the top ring 28 and the cylinder liner 27 can be increased, and the friction between the top ring 28 and the cylinder liner 27 can be reduced. Therefore, friction loss can be suppressed and fuel consumption can be improved.

  Portions other than those described above constitute the cylinder liner 27 with other members 27c.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The second embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 is changed. Hereinafter, the difference will be described. In the following embodiments, the same reference numerals are used for the same functions as those in the first embodiment described above, and repeated descriptions are omitted as appropriate.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of two members, a high thermal conductivity member 27a and a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the cylinder liner 27 on the combustion chamber 61 side is constituted by a high thermal conductivity member 27a. The cylinder liner 27 on the crankshaft 21 side is constituted by a low thermal conductivity member 27b. When the piston 22 is at the highest compression ratio and the compression top dead center position (solid line position), and when the piston 22 is at the lowest compression ratio and the compression top dead center position (dashed line position). The cylinder liner 27 is configured such that the boundary between the high thermal conductivity member 27a and the low thermal conductivity member 27b is positioned between the top ring 28 and the top ring 28.

  Thereby, at the time of a high compression ratio, the amount of heat received by the piston 22 is efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27 and can be radiated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Therefore, the temperature of the piston 22 and the piston ring 28 can be lowered, and the occurrence of knocking can be prevented. Further, since the knock margin increases, the output can be improved by further increasing the compression ratio or by increasing the ignition timing and increasing the maximum combustion pressure.

  On the other hand, when the compression ratio is low, the amount of heat transfer from the top ring 28 to the cylinder liner 27 can be reduced. As a result, the amount of heat transferred from the combustion gas to the piston 22 can be reduced. Therefore, since the reduction of the thermal energy that can be used for the expansion of the combustion gas can be suppressed, the output and fuel consumption can be improved.

  In addition, since the cylinder liner 27 on the crankshaft 21 side is composed of the low thermal conductivity member 27b at both the high compression ratio and the low compression ratio, transmission from the top ring 28 to the cylinder liner 27 is performed in the piston lowering process. The amount of heat can be reduced. As a result, the amount of heat transferred from the combustion gas to the piston 22 can be reduced. Therefore, since the reduction of the thermal energy that can be used for the expansion of the combustion gas can be suppressed, the output and fuel consumption can be improved.

  In the expansion / exhaust stroke, the heat insulation effect of the low thermal conductivity member 27b keeps the combustion gas at a higher temperature than when the combustion gas is composed of a single liner. Therefore, the lubricating oil temperature between the top ring 28 and the cylinder liner 27 can be increased, and the friction between the top ring 28 and the cylinder liner 27 can be reduced. Therefore, friction loss can be suppressed and fuel consumption can be improved.

  Furthermore, the low thermal conductivity member 27b has a low thermal conductivity and a low heat storage effect. Therefore, even when exposed to high-temperature gas during the expansion / exhaust stroke, the temperature change of the low thermal conductivity member 27b itself is small. That is, since the heat storage effect is small, the temperature change of the cylinder liner 27 is small. Therefore, even when exposed to a high-temperature gas in the expansion / exhaust stroke, the surface temperature of the cylinder liner 27 formed of the low thermal conductivity member 27b is small. Therefore, in the suction / compression stroke, the expansion of the intake air can be suppressed, and the filling efficiency is improved.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram in which the cylinder liner 27 above the portion facing the top land 22a is configured by the high thermal conductivity member 27a when the piston 22 is at the lowest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (broken line position). is there. When the boundary between the high thermal conductivity member 27a and the low thermal conductivity member 27b is set at the position shown in FIG. 7, the heat insulation around the top land 22a can be achieved particularly at the lowest compression ratio and the compression top dead center position. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cooling loss at the low compression ratio at which knocking is unlikely to occur.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram in which the cylinder liner 27 above the portion facing the top ring 28 is configured by a high thermal conductivity member 27a when the piston 22 is at the lowest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (broken line position). is there. In the case where the boundary between the high thermal conductivity member 27a and the low thermal conductivity member 27b is set to the position shown in FIG. 8, especially around the top land 22a where knocking easily occurs even at the lowest compression ratio and the compression top dead center position. The temperature of unburned gas can be lowered. Therefore, the minimum compression ratio can be increased to a compression ratio that has conventionally caused knocking.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The third embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 is changed. Hereinafter, the difference will be described.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the third embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of three members: a high thermal conductivity member 27a, a low thermal conductivity member 27b, and other members 27c.

  As described above, if the compression ratio is too high, the pressure in the combustion chamber becomes too high due to the combustion gas after the start of combustion. Therefore, the entire combustion chamber including unburned gas becomes high temperature, and knocking is likely to occur. Therefore, when aiming to improve the output by increasing the compression ratio, it is necessary to retard the ignition timing in order to prevent the occurrence of knocking. Then, the effect of increasing the compression ratio cannot be obtained, and conversely the output decreases.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, when the piston 22 is at the highest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (solid line position), the portion of the cylinder liner 27 facing the top land 22a is subjected to high thermal conductivity. It comprises the rate member 27a. That is, the cooling efficiency of the part in contact with the high temperature combustion gas is increased. As a result, the amount of heat of the unburned gas around the top land 22a where knocking easily occurs can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27. Therefore, the temperature of the unburned gas around the top land 22a can be reduced, and the occurrence of knocking can be prevented. Further, since the knock margin increases, the ignition timing can be advanced to increase the maximum combustion pressure, and the output can be improved.

  On the other hand, when the piston 22 is at the lowest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (broken line position), the portion of the cylinder liner 27 that faces the top land 22a is constituted by the low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  Thereby, heat insulation around the top land 22a at the compression top dead center position with the lowest compression ratio is achieved. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cooling loss at the low compression ratio at which knocking is unlikely to occur.

  Similarly to the first embodiment, in the expansion / exhaust stroke, the combustion gas is kept at a high temperature due to the heat insulating effect of the low thermal conductivity member 27b. Therefore, the lubricating oil temperature between the top ring 28 and the cylinder liner 27 can be increased, and the friction between the piston ring 28 and the cylinder liner 27 can be reduced.

  Portions other than those described above constitute the cylinder liner 27 with other members 27c.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The fourth embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 is changed. Hereinafter, the difference will be described.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the fourth embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of two members, a high thermal conductivity member 27a and a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  As shown in FIG. 10, when the piston 22 is at the lowest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (broken line position), the portion facing the top ring 28 and the cylinder liner 27 above the portion have high thermal conductivity. It consists of member 27a.

  As a result, even at the lowest compression ratio, the amount of heat received by the piston 22 is efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27 at the compression top dead center position, and can be dissipated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Therefore, the temperature of the piston 22 and the piston ring 28 can be lowered. Further, the temperature of the unburned gas around the top land 22a where knocking is likely to occur can be lowered. Therefore, the occurrence of knocking can be prevented, and the minimum compression ratio can be increased to the compression ratio at which knocking has conventionally occurred.

  On the other hand, the cylinder liner 27 below the portion facing the top ring 28 is constituted by a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  Thereby, the heat transfer amount from the top ring 28 to the cylinder liner 27 when the piston 22 is lowered during the expansion stroke can be reduced. As a result, the amount of heat transferred from the combustion gas to the piston 22 can be reduced. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a decrease in heat energy that can be used for the expansion of the combustion gas, so that the output and fuel consumption can be improved.

  As described above, the low thermal conductivity member 27b has a low thermal conductivity and a low heat storage effect. Therefore, even when exposed to high-temperature gas during the expansion / exhaust stroke, the temperature change of the low thermal conductivity member 27b itself is small. That is, since the heat storage effect is small, the temperature change of the cylinder liner 27 is small. Therefore, the surface temperature of the cylinder liner 27 hardly changes even when exposed to high-temperature gas during the expansion and exhaust strokes at both the high compression ratio and the low compression ratio. Therefore, in the suction / compression stroke, the expansion of the intake air can be suppressed, and the filling efficiency is improved.

(Fifth embodiment)
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The fifth embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 is changed. Hereinafter, the difference will be described.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the fifth embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of two members, a high thermal conductivity member 27a and a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  As shown in FIG. 11, when the piston 22 is at the highest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (solid line position), the cylinder liner 27 that faces the top land 22a is constituted by the high thermal conductivity member 27a.

  As a result, the amount of heat of the unburned gas around the top land 22a where knocking easily occurs can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27. Therefore, the temperature of the unburned gas around the top land 22a can be reduced, and the occurrence of knocking can be prevented. Further, since the knock margin increases, the ignition timing can be advanced to increase the maximum combustion pressure, and the output can be improved.

  On the other hand, a portion facing the top ring 28 and a cylinder liner 27 below the top ring 28 are constituted by a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  Thereby, the amount of heat transfer from the top ring 28 to the cylinder liner 27 in the portion facing the top ring 28 and the portion below the top ring 28 can be reduced. As a result, the amount of heat transferred from the combustion gas to the piston 22 can be reduced. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a decrease in heat energy that can be used for the expansion of the combustion gas, so that the output and fuel consumption can be improved.

  As described above, the low thermal conductivity member 27b has a low thermal conductivity and a low heat storage effect. Therefore, even when exposed to high-temperature gas during the expansion / exhaust stroke, the temperature change of the low thermal conductivity member 27b itself is small. That is, since the heat storage effect is small, the temperature change of the cylinder liner 27 is small. Therefore, the surface temperature of the cylinder liner 27 hardly changes even when exposed to high-temperature gas during the expansion and exhaust strokes at both the high compression ratio and the low compression ratio. Therefore, in the suction / compression stroke, the expansion of the intake air can be suppressed, and the filling efficiency is improved.

(Sixth embodiment)
Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the fifth embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 at the portion facing the top ring 28 at a position lower than the top land 22a when the piston 22 is at the highest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (solid line position) is a low thermal conductivity member. 27b. On the other hand, 6th Embodiment of this invention is different by the point which comprised the said part with the high thermal conductivity member 27a. Hereinafter, the difference will be described.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. In the sixth embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of two members, a high thermal conductivity member 27a and a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  As shown in FIG. 12, when the piston 22 is at the highest compression ratio and the compression top dead center position (solid line position), the portion facing the top ring 28 and the cylinder liner 27 above that portion have a high thermal conductivity. It consists of member 27a. That is, as compared with the fifth embodiment, the ratio of the high thermal conductivity member 27a constituting the cylinder liner 27 is increased.

  With this configuration, the amount of heat of the unburned gas around the top land 22 a that is likely to knock can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27 and dissipated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Further, the amount of heat received by the piston 22 can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27 and radiated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Therefore, the temperature of the unburned gas around the top land 22a can be reduced, the temperatures of the piston 22 and the piston ring 28 can be lowered, and the occurrence of knocking can be prevented.

  Thereby, compared with 5th Embodiment, cooling efficiency increases and it can prevent generation | occurrence | production of knocking more.

  On the other hand, the cylinder liner 27 below the portion facing the top ring 28 is constituted by a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  Thereby, the amount of heat transfer from the top ring 28 to the cylinder liner 27 in the portion below the portion facing the top ring 28 can be reduced. As a result, the amount of heat transferred from the combustion gas to the piston 22 can be reduced. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a decrease in heat energy that can be used for the expansion of the combustion gas, so that the output and fuel consumption can be improved.

  As described above, the low thermal conductivity member 27b has a low thermal conductivity and a low heat storage effect. Therefore, even when exposed to high-temperature gas during the expansion / exhaust stroke, the temperature change of the low thermal conductivity member 27b itself is small. That is, since the heat storage effect is small, the temperature change of the cylinder liner 27 is small. Therefore, the surface temperature of the cylinder liner 27 hardly changes even when exposed to high-temperature gas during the expansion and exhaust strokes at both the high compression ratio and the low compression ratio. Therefore, in the suction / compression stroke, the expansion of the intake air can be suppressed, and the filling efficiency is improved.

(Seventh embodiment)
Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 13, FIG. 14, FIG. 15 and FIG.

  FIG. 13 shows a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 101 having two cooling systems and the like according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cooling device for the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 101.

  13 and 14, a water jacket 46 that surrounds the combustion chamber 61 is formed inside the cylinder head 60. Inside the cylinder block 20, in the piston stroke direction, a water jacket 291 is formed independently on the combustion chamber 61 side, and a water jacket 292 is formed independently on the crankshaft 21 side (see FIG. 13). The water jackets 291 and 292 are formed so as to surround the cylinder 27, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 14, the cooling device includes the above-described water jackets 46, 291 and 292, the water pump 42 which pumps and circulates the cooling water to the water jackets 46, 291 and 292, and the heat of the high-temperature cooling water to the outside air. It includes a radiator 41 that radiates and cools. The cooling device sends the cooling water to the water jackets 46, 291 and 292 by the water pump 42, guides the cooling water to the radiator 41, dissipates heat, and circulates it again by the pump.

  The cooling water circulation path will be described.

  A water pump 42 is attached to the engine front side of the cylinder block 20. The discharge port of the water pump 42 is connected to the cooling water inlet of the water jacket 292 through the cooling water passage 50a. The water jacket 292 is connected to an inlet of a water outlet 55 attached to the engine rear side of the cylinder block 20. The outlet of the water outlet 55 is connected to the upper inlet of the radiator 41 through the cooling water passage 50b. The lower outlet of the radiator 41 is connected to the suction port of the water pump 42 through the cooling water passage 50c.

  On the other hand, in FIG. 14, a branch passage 51 is formed in the middle of the cooling water passage 50a. The branch passage 51 is connected to an inlet of a water jacket 291 on the combustion chamber 61 side of the cylinder block 20. At the inlet, a branching portion 54 to the water jacket 46 of the cylinder head 60 is formed. Therefore, the cooling water flowing through the branch passage 51 branches at the branch portion 54 and is sent to the water jacket 291 and the water jacket 46.

  On the engine rear side of the cylinder head 60, a water jacket 291 and a cooling water merging portion 57 flowing through the water jacket 46 and an outlet thereof are formed. The outlet of the water jacket 46 is connected to the inlet of a water outlet 56 that is attached to the engine rear side of the cylinder head 60. The passage 52 connected to the outlet of the water outlet 56 is connected to the cooling water passage 50 b and connected to the upper inlet of the radiator 41.

  A three-way valve 43 is provided at the branch point between the cooling water passage 50 a and the branch passage 51. The flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water passage 50a and the branch passage 51 is adjusted by the three-way valve 43. That is, the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 292 and the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the water jackets 291 and 46 are adjusted by the three-way valve 43.

  FIG. 15 is a system diagram schematically showing the circulation path of the cooling water. As shown in FIG. 15, a water jacket (C / B) 291 and 292 of the cylinder block 20 and a water jacket 46 of the cylinder head (by a radiator (RAD) 41, a water pump (W / P) 42, a three-way valve 43, etc.) C / H) is formed as a circulation path A (second cooling water circulation system path) of cooling water. Further, a circulation path B (first cooling water circulation system path) of the cooling water flowing through the water jacket (C / B) 291 of the cylinder block 20 and the water jacket (C / H) 46 of the cylinder head 60 is formed. As described above, the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the circulation paths A and B is adjusted by the three-way valve 43. In the present embodiment, the cooling water temperature in the circulation path A is reduced by setting the flow rate of the cooling water in the circulation path A to be relatively smaller than the flow rate of the cooling water in the circulation path B. Relatively higher than the water temperature.

  FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

  Thus, by relatively increasing the temperature of the cooling water flowing around the cylinder liner 27 on the crankshaft 21 side constituted by the low thermal conductivity member 27b, further reducing the circulation amount of the cooling water, The heat insulating effect of the cylinder liner 27 can be further improved. Therefore, the thermal efficiency can be improved and the fuel efficiency can be improved.

  On the other hand, by reducing the temperature of the cooling water flowing around the cylinder liner 27 on the combustion chamber 61 side constituted by the high thermal conductivity member 27a, and further increasing the circulation amount of the cooling water, the cooling efficiency is increased. Can be further improved. Therefore, the occurrence of knocking can be prevented, the thermal expansion of the intake air during the intake stroke can be suppressed, and the charging efficiency can be improved.

  In addition, about the thermal conductivity of the cylinder liner 27 to which this cooling device is applied, the ratio of the low thermal conductivity member 27b and the high thermal conductivity member 27a of the cylinder liner 27 shown in FIG. 16 is the same as the embodiment of FIG. Although it is related, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same applies to the other embodiments, that is, the ones shown in FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12. can do.

(Eighth embodiment)
Next, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 17 is a view showing a cylinder liner 27 according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.

  As described above, in the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 according to the present invention, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of a plurality of members having different thermal conductivities. The cylinder liner 27 is worn at the contact portion with the piston ring 28 by the sliding movement of the piston 22.

  At this time, if the cylinder liner 27 is composed of a plurality of members having different thermal conductivities, the amount of wear differs depending on the material. Therefore, a step is generated at the boundary between different members.

  When such a level difference occurs, the airtightness of the combustion chamber cannot be maintained and blow-by gas increases. Friction also increases, and the cylinder liner 27 is scratched or baked. Further, there is a concern that noise is generated when the piston ring 28 gets over the step. Furthermore, there is a concern that excess oil may enter the combustion chamber due to oil scraping and the like, resulting in increased oil consumption and seizure.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the coating layer 65 is formed in which the surface on which the piston 22 of the cylinder liner 27 slides is covered with a single material. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the level | step difference in the boundary of the member by comprising the cylinder liner 27 by the some member from which heat conductivity differs can be prevented. Although the thermal conductivity of the coating layer 65 is preferably equal to that of the low thermal conductivity member, there is no problem even if it is slightly larger or smaller.
(Ninth embodiment)
Next, a ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 18 is a view showing a piston 22 according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

  The piston 22 of the present embodiment is configured as a heat-insulating piston having a laminar low heat conductive member 70 attached to its crown surface.

  Thereby, the amount of heat transfer from the combustion gas to the piston crown surface can be suppressed. In addition, by forming the crown surface of the piston, which is a part of the combustion chamber, with the low heat conducting member 70, the combustion chamber can be insulated. Therefore, the cooling loss is reduced, the thermal efficiency is improved, and the fuel consumption is also improved.

  Moreover, the temperature of piston 22 itself can be reduced by the heat insulation effect of the low heat conductive member 70 affixed on the piston crown surface. Therefore, seizure between the cylinder liner 27 and the piston ring 28 can be prevented. Further, the combustion temperature can be increased without increasing the piston strength, and the output can be improved.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is obvious that various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the inner wall of the cylinder 23 is configured by fitting the cylinder liner 27 made of a material different from that of the cylinder block 20. However, if the thermal conductivity is configured as in the above embodiment, the inner wall may be integrated with the cylinder block 20.

It is a figure which shows a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which made the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine the high compression ratio. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state made into the low compression ratio similarly. The piston stroke characteristic obtained by a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine and a single link type piston stroke mechanism is shown. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine which has two cooling systems etc. by 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the cooling device of the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine by 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is a systematic diagram showing the circulation route of cooling water typically. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner by 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the cylinder liner by 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the piston by 9th Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Variable compression ratio internal combustion engine (compression ratio control means)
22 piston 23 cylinder 22a top land 27 cylinder liner 28 piston ring (top ring)
44 Valve (Flow rate adjusting means)
45 Valve (Flow rate adjusting means)

Claims (13)

A piston that reciprocates in the cylinder;
A compression ratio control means for changing the top dead center position of the piston based on the engine operating state to make the engine compression ratio variable;
With
When the engine compression ratio is a high compression ratio, the heat conductivity of the portion of the cylinder that faces the highest rise portion of the piston is the same. An internal combustion engine characterized by being made larger than the conductivity. The cylinder includes a piston where the boundary between the portion having the low thermal conductivity and the portion having the high thermal conductivity is the highest compression portion when the high compression ratio is set, and the piston when the low compression ratio is set. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine is between   3. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the cylinder facing the highest rising portion of the piston is a portion facing a top ring fitted into the piston at a piston top dead center position.   3. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the cylinder facing the highest rising portion of the piston is a portion facing a top land of the piston at a piston top dead center position. The position of the boundary is when the engine compression ratio is set to the maximum compression ratio, and when the piston is located at the compression top dead center, the cylinder faces the top ring of the piston, and the engine compression ratio. The cylinder is between a portion facing the top ring when the piston is positioned at a compression top dead center when the pressure is controlled to a minimum compression ratio. Internal combustion engine. The position of the boundary is when the engine compression ratio is controlled to the lowest compression ratio, and when the piston is located at the compression top dead center, the cylinder is a portion facing the top land of the piston. 3. The internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein The position of the boundary is when the engine compression ratio is controlled to the lowest compression ratio, and when the piston is located at the compression top dead center, the cylinder faces the top ring that is inserted into the piston. The internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein the internal combustion engine is provided. The position of the boundary is when the engine compression ratio is controlled to the maximum compression ratio, and when the piston is located at the compression top dead center, the cylinder faces the top ring that is inserted into the piston. The internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein the internal combustion engine is provided. A first cooling water circulation system for guiding cooling water around a portion of the cylinder having a low thermal conductivity;
A second cooling water circulation path for guiding cooling water around a portion having a high thermal conductivity of the cylinder;
Flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the first cooling water circulation path and the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the second cooling water circulation path;
With
By adjusting the flow rate flowing through the first cooling water circulation system path and the second cooling water circulation system path by the flow rate adjusting means, the temperature of the cooling water flowing through the first cooling water circulation path flows through the second cooling water circulation path. The internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the internal combustion engine is set to be higher than a coolant temperature. 10. The internal combustion engine according to claim 9, wherein a flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the first cooling water circulation path is less than a flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the second cooling water circulation path. The internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a coating layer made of a single material is formed on a surface of the cylinder on which the piston slides. The internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the surface of the crown portion of the piston is made of a material having a lower thermal conductivity than the inside of the piston. The internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the cylinder includes a cylinder liner.