JP4582029B2 - Variable compression ratio internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine.

As a mechanism capable of changing the engine compression ratio of an internal combustion engine according to the operating state, for example, a multi-link type piston stroke mechanism as shown in Patent Document 1 is known. This multi-link type piston stroke mechanism rotatably connects a lower link to a crank pin, and an upper link is connected to one end of the lower link by an upper pin, and a control link is rotatably connected to the other end by a control pin. The operation of the lower link is regulated by the control link. And, by controlling the control link according to the operating condition and changing the inclination of the lower link, the top dead center position of the piston connected to the other end of the upper link is controlled, and the variable compression ratio mechanism is realized. It is.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-129995

  In the conventional variable compression ratio internal combustion engine described above, in a situation where knocking is unlikely to occur during low load operation or the like, the output is improved by controlling the compression ratio to a high compression ratio. Also, in situations where knocking is likely to occur, such as during high-load operation, knocking is prevented by controlling to a low compression ratio. Therefore, at the time of a high compression ratio, it is required to insulate the inside of the cylinder, reduce the cooling loss, and increase the thermal efficiency as much as possible. However, if heat insulation in the cylinder is achieved at a low compression ratio, knocking is likely to occur, and the effect of lowering the compression ratio cannot be obtained, for example, the charging efficiency is reduced.

  Thus, in the above-described conventional variable compression ratio internal combustion engine, whether to focus on cooling loss reduction at high compression ratio or to prevent knocking at low compression ratio is an alternative. There was a problem that the effects could not be balanced.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to such conventional problems, and aims to reduce cooling loss at the time of a high compression ratio and prevent knocking at the time of a low compression ratio.

The present invention comprises a piston that reciprocates in a cylinder, and a compression ratio control means that changes the top dead center position of the piston based on the engine operating state to make the engine compression ratio variable, thereby increasing the engine compression ratio. when the compression ratio, the thermal conductivity of the cylinder portion facing the top ring fitting inserted into the piston in the piston top dead center position, when the engine compression ratio to the low compression ratio, the piston top dead center position In the above, the thermal conductivity of the portion of the cylinder facing the top ring is made smaller.
Alternatively, when the engine compression ratio is set to a high compression ratio, the cylinder thermal conductivity of the portion facing the top land of the piston at the piston top dead center position is changed to the piston when the engine compression ratio is set to the low compression ratio. It is characterized in that it is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the cylinder facing the top land at the top dead center position.
Alternatively, when the engine compression ratio is set to a low compression ratio, the portion facing the top ring inserted into the piston at the piston top dead center position and the thermal conductivity of the cylinder above the facing portion are opposed. It is characterized by being smaller than the thermal conductivity of the cylinder below the portion.

  In the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine according to the present invention, the cylinder is composed of members having different thermal conductivities corresponding to the piston stroke positions of the high compression ratio and the low compression ratio. Thereby, the cooling loss reduction effect can be sufficiently exhibited in the high compression ratio state, and the knocking prevention effect can be sufficiently exhibited in the low compression ratio state.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
The internal combustion engine according to the present invention is, for example, an in-line four-cylinder spark ignition gasoline engine, which is a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine using a multi-link type piston stroke mechanism that variably controls the compression ratio. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1. First, this will be described with reference to FIG.

  In the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 of FIG. 1, the piston 22 and the crankshaft 21 are composed of an upper link (first link) 11 and a lower link (second link) 12 in order to variably control the compression ratio. The lower link 12 is connected to a control link (third link) 13 that restricts the behavior thereof. The control link 13 is rotated by a control shaft 14 having an eccentric shaft portion 15. By changing the center, the compression ratio can be changed.

  The structure of the compression ratio control means will be described in more detail. The crankshaft 21 has a plurality of journals 21a and crank pins 21b. The journal 21 a is rotatably supported by the main bearing of the cylinder block 20. The cylinder block 20 is provided with a water jacket 29 through which cooling water circulates. The crank pin 21b is eccentric by a predetermined amount from the journal 21a, and the lower link 12 is rotatably connected thereto. The lower link 12 is configured to be split into two members, and the crank pin 21b is fitted into a substantially central connecting hole.

  The lower end of the upper link 11 is rotatably connected to one end of the lower link 12 by a connecting pin 25, and the upper end is rotatably connected to the piston 22 by a piston pin 24.

  The piston 22 is slidably fitted to a cylinder liner 27 fitted to the cylinder block 20. The piston 22 receives the combustion pressure and reciprocates in the cylinder 23. A piston ring (top ring) 28 is inserted into the piston 22. The piston ring 28 transfers the heat received by the piston 22 to the cylinder liner 27.

  The upper end side of the control link 13 is rotatably connected to the other end of the lower link 12 by a connecting pin 26, and the lower end side is rotatable about the eccentric shaft portion 15 of the control shaft 14.

  The control shaft 14 is rotated by a pinion 32 attached to the tip of the actuator 31. When the control shaft 14 rotates, the eccentric shaft portion 15 moves up and down, and the control link 13 moves up and down accordingly.

  Here, the adjustment method of the piston top dead center position of the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 shows a case where the piston top dead center position is at a high compression ratio, and FIG. 3 shows a case where the piston top dead center position is at a low compression ratio.

  When increasing the compression ratio, as shown in FIG. 2, the actuator 31 is driven to lower the eccentric shaft portion 15 of the control shaft 14. Then, the lower link 12 moves clockwise and the connecting pin 25 is raised, so that the position of the top dead center of the piston 22 rises.

  When the compression ratio is lowered, the eccentric shaft portion 15 of the control shaft 14 is raised by driving the actuator 31 as shown in FIG. Then, the lower link 12 moves counterclockwise and the connecting pin 25 is lowered, so that the position of the top dead center of the piston 22 is lowered.

  2 and 3 representatively show the high compression ratio state and the low compression ratio state, but the compression ratio can be continuously changed between them.

  FIG. 4 shows a piston stroke characteristic obtained by the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 described above and a piston obtained by a conventional single link piston stroke mechanism in which the piston and the crank pin of the crankshaft are connected by a single link (connecting rod). The stroke characteristics are shown.

  In the conventional single link type piston stroke mechanism, the piston moves fast (high acceleration) near the top dead center, and dull (low acceleration) near the bottom dead center. On the other hand, in the case of the multi-link type piston stroke mechanism 1, a piston stroke characteristic close to simple vibration can be obtained by appropriately setting the link configuration. Therefore, the piston acceleration is leveled, and the piston speed near the top dead center becomes slower than the conventional one. In the vicinity of the top dead center, scavenging, filling, and air-fuel mixture formation are performed by high-pressure fresh air supplied from the intake valve, and ignition is also performed. Thus, by reducing the piston speed near the top dead center where the stroke is concentrated by the multi-link mechanism, it is possible to increase the rotation speed that can be output. However, if the piston speed near the top dead center decreases, the cooling loss increases accordingly.

  By the way, in an internal combustion engine, when the compression ratio is increased, the thermal efficiency is increased accordingly. This is because increasing the compression ratio also increases the expansion ratio. Here, the high thermal efficiency means that when the same thermal energy is applied, more work is performed, that is, the output is large. Further, if the thermal efficiency is increased, the fuel consumption rate is also reduced, so that the fuel consumption is improved.

  Therefore, in a situation where knocking is unlikely to occur during low load operation, it is desirable to increase the compression ratio to the limit in order to improve output and fuel consumption.

  However, as the compression ratio is increased, the ratio of the surface area (S) to the volume (V) of the combustion chamber (hereinafter referred to as “S / V ratio”) increases and the cooling loss increases. This is because when the surface area of the combustion chamber is large, the generated thermal energy is absorbed by the wall surface of the combustion chamber and the thermal energy that can be used for expansion of the combustion gas is reduced. Moreover, the combustion chamber becomes flat and the state of combustion also deteriorates. Therefore, when the compression ratio exceeds 15, sufficient thermal efficiency improvement effect cannot be obtained, and conversely, the thermal efficiency decreases.

  As an effective method for reducing such an increase in cooling loss due to an increase in S / V ratio due to high compression and an increase in cooling loss due to a decrease in piston speed near the top dead center, a cylinder liner 27 is used. For example, it is conceivable to increase the heat insulating property by using a heat insulating material such as zirconia. Most of the heat received by the piston 22 is transferred to the cylinder liner 27 via the piston ring 28. Then, the heat is finally radiated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. This is because if the cylinder liner is made of a heat insulating material, the heat radiation to the cooling water can be suppressed, and a decrease in thermal energy that can be used for expansion of the combustion gas can be suppressed.

  Thus, the heat transfer amount from the piston ring 28 to the cylinder liner 27 can be reduced by configuring the cylinder liner 27 with a heat insulating material. As a result, the amount of heat transfer from the combustion gas to the piston can be reduced, and the decrease in thermal energy that can be used for the expansion of the combustion gas can be suppressed. Therefore, the cooling loss is reduced, the thermal efficiency is improved, and the fuel consumption is also improved.

  In other words, when the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 is set to a high compression ratio, such as during low load operation, it is required to reduce the amount of heat transferred to the cylinder liner 27 as much as possible in order to reduce cooling loss. Therefore, the cylinder liner 27 is preferably composed of a low thermal conductivity member.

  On the other hand, during high load operation, the combustion chamber wall surface becomes hot and knocking is likely to occur, so it is necessary to lower the compression ratio than during low load operation. At this time, it is easier to prevent knocking if the cylinder liner 27 is made of a high thermal conductivity member. This is because the amount of heat received by the piston 22 is transferred to the cylinder liner 27 and can be radiated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Thereby, the temperature in a cylinder can be lowered efficiently. Further, by reducing the temperature in the cylinder, the expansion of the intake air can be suppressed, and the charging efficiency is also improved.

  That is, in a state where the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 is set to a low compression ratio, such as during high load operation, it is required to increase the amount of heat transfer to the cylinder liner 27 as much as possible in order to prevent knocking and improve charging efficiency. Therefore, the cylinder liner 27 is preferably made of a high thermal conductivity member.

  As described above, the cylinder liner 27 is required to have thermal conductivity which is contradictory between the state where the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 is set to the high compression ratio and the state where the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 is set to the low compression ratio. Therefore, in the present invention, in order to satisfy these requirements, the cylinder liner 27 is configured with members having different thermal conductivities corresponding to the piston stroke positions. That is, the low thermal conductivity member 27b is used for the portion corresponding to the highest piston position when the compression ratio is high, and the high thermal conductivity member 27a is used for the portion corresponding to the highest piston position when the compression ratio is low. A cylinder liner 27 is configured. As a result, the cooling loss reduction effect can be sufficiently exhibited when the compression ratio is increased, and the knocking prevention effect can be sufficiently exhibited when the compression ratio is decreased. This will be specifically described below.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In the following drawings, the position of the piston 22 indicated by a solid line is the compression top dead center position of the piston 22 when the compression ratio is maximized. The position of the piston 22 indicated by a broken line is the compression top dead center position of the piston 22 when the compression ratio is minimized.

  In the first embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of three members: a high thermal conductivity member 27a, a low thermal conductivity member 27b, and other members 27c.

  Here, “other members” refers to members having a thermal conductivity different from that of the high thermal conductivity member and the low thermal conductivity member. The thermal conductivity of the other members is preferably intermediate between the high thermal conductivity member and the low thermal conductivity member, or lower than that of the low thermal conductivity member. As shown in FIG. 5, when the compression ratio is set to the maximum, when the piston 22 is located at the compression top dead center (the position of the piston 22 indicated by the solid line. Hereinafter, “the highest compression ratio and the compression top dead center position”). )), The portion of the cylinder liner 27 facing the top ring 28 is constituted by a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  Thereby, the amount of heat transfer from the top ring 28 to the cylinder liner 27 at the compression top dead center where the cooling loss increases can be reduced. As a result, the amount of heat transferred from the combustion gas to the piston 22 can be reduced, and the combustion chamber 61 can be insulated. Therefore, it is possible to improve the thermal efficiency when the compression ratio is high, such as during low load operation, and to improve the fuel efficiency.

  In addition, when the compression ratio is set to the lowest, when the piston 22 is located at the compression top dead center (the position of the piston 22 indicated by a broken line, hereinafter referred to as “minimum compression ratio and compression top dead center position”), A portion of the cylinder liner 27 facing the top ring 28 is constituted by a high thermal conductivity member 27a.

  As a result, the amount of heat received by the piston 22 can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27 and radiated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Therefore, the temperature in the combustion chamber 61 when the compression ratio is low, such as during high load operation, can be lowered, and knocking can be prevented from occurring. Further, since the knock margin increases, the ignition timing can be advanced to increase the maximum combustion pressure, and the output can be improved.

  Portions other than those described above constitute the cylinder liner 27 with other members 27c.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The second embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 is changed. Hereinafter, the difference will be described. In each of the following embodiments, the same reference numerals are used for portions that perform the same functions as those of the first embodiment described above, and repeated descriptions are omitted as appropriate.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of two members, a high thermal conductivity member 27a and a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the upper portion of the cylinder liner 27 on the combustion chamber 61 side is constituted by a low thermal conductivity member 27b. The lower part of the cylinder liner 27 on the crankshaft 21 side is constituted by a high thermal conductivity member 27a. When the piston 22 is at the highest compression ratio and the compression top dead center position (solid line position), and when the piston 22 is at the lowest compression ratio and the compression top dead center position (dashed line position). The cylinder liner 27 is configured such that the boundary between the high thermal conductivity member 27a and the low thermal conductivity member 27b is positioned between the top ring 28 and the top ring 28.

  Thereby, at the time of a high compression ratio, the amount of heat transfer from the top ring 28 to the cylinder liner 27 can be reduced. As a result, the amount of heat transfer from the combustion gas to the piston 22 can be reduced, and the combustion chamber can be insulated. Therefore, the thermal efficiency can be improved and the fuel efficiency can be improved.

  On the other hand, when the compression ratio is low, the amount of heat received by the piston 22 can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27 and radiated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Therefore, the temperature in the cylinder can be efficiently lowered, and seizure of the piston ring 28 accompanying the temperature increase of the piston 22 can be prevented. By reducing the temperature in the cylinder, the expansion of the intake air can be suppressed, and the charging efficiency is also improved.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The third embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 is changed. Hereinafter, the difference will be described.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the third embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of three members, a high thermal conductivity member 27a, a low thermal conductivity member 27b, and another member 27c, corresponding to the piston stroke position.

  As shown in FIG. 7, when the piston 22 is at the highest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (solid line position), the portion of the cylinder liner 27 that faces the top land 22a is constituted by the low thermal conductivity member 27b. That is, in particular, the heat insulation of the cylinder liner 27 in the portion that is in contact with the high-temperature combustion gas is achieved. Thereby, the amount of heat transfer from the high-temperature combustion gas to the cylinder liner 27 can be reduced. Therefore, the thermal efficiency can be improved and the fuel efficiency can be improved.

  On the other hand, when the piston 22 is at the lowest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (broken line position), the portion of the cylinder liner 27 that faces the top land 22a is constituted by the high thermal conductivity member 27a.

  As a result, the amount of heat of the unburned gas around the top land 22a where knocking easily occurs can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27. Therefore, the temperature of the unburned gas around the top land 22a can be reduced, and the occurrence of knocking can be prevented. Further, since the knock margin increases, the ignition timing can be advanced to increase the maximum combustion pressure, and the output can be improved.

  Portions other than those described above constitute the cylinder liner 27 with other members 27c.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The fourth embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 is changed. Hereinafter, the difference will be described.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the fourth embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of two members, a high thermal conductivity member 27a and a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  As shown in FIG. 8, when the piston 22 is at the lowest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (broken line position), the cylinder liner 27 above the portion facing the top land 22a is constituted by the low thermal conductivity member 27b. To do. Thereby, when the compression ratio is in a low state (when knocking is likely to occur during high-load operation or the like), the cooling loss from the cylinder liner 27 above the portion facing the top land 22a that has little influence on the occurrence of knocking. Reduce.

  On the other hand, when the compression ratio is at the lowest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (broken line position), the portion facing the top land 22a and the cylinder liner 27 below the portion are configured by the high thermal conductivity member 27a. As a result, the amount of heat of the unburned gas around the top land 22a where knocking easily occurs can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27. Therefore, the temperature of the unburned gas around the top land 22a can be reduced. Further, the amount of heat received by the piston 22 can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27 and radiated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Therefore, the temperature of the piston crown surface can also be lowered, and the occurrence of knocking can be prevented. Further, since the knock margin increases, the ignition timing can be advanced to increase the maximum combustion pressure, and the output can be improved.

(Fifth embodiment)
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the fourth embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 of the portion facing the top land 22a when the piston 22 is at the lowest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (broken line position) is constituted by the high thermal conductivity member 27a . On the other hand, 5th Embodiment of this invention is different by the point which comprised the said part with the low thermal conductivity member 27b . Hereinafter, the difference will be described.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the fifth embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of two members, a high thermal conductivity member 27a and a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  As shown in FIG. 9, when the piston 22 is at the lowest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (broken line position), the cylinder liner 27 above the portion facing the top ring 28 is constituted by a low thermal conductivity member 27b. To do. That is, as compared with the fourth embodiment, the ratio of the low thermal conductivity member 27b constituting the cylinder liner 27 is increased.

  Thereby, compared with 4th Embodiment, the heat insulation effect of the cylinder liner 27 increases, and a cooling loss can be reduced by the time of the driving | operation with a high compression ratio. As a result, thermal efficiency can be improved and fuel efficiency can be improved.

  On the other hand, when the compression ratio is at the lowest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (broken line position), the portion facing the top ring 28 and the cylinder liner 27 below the portion are configured by the high thermal conductivity member 27a. As a result, at the top dead center, the amount of heat received by the piston 22 can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27a and radiated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Therefore, the temperature of the piston crown surface can also be lowered, and knocking can be prevented during operation at a low compression ratio. Further, since the knock margin increases, the ignition timing can be advanced to increase the maximum combustion pressure, and the output can be improved. Since this embodiment cannot efficiently transfer the amount of heat of the unburned gas around the top land 22a at the top dead center position to the cylinder liner 27, it is effective for an internal combustion engine in which knocking is unlikely to occur compared to the fourth embodiment. It is.

(Sixth embodiment)
Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the fifth embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 that faces the top ring 28 when the piston 22 is at the lowest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position is constituted by the high thermal conductivity member 27a . On the other hand, 6th Embodiment of this invention is different by the point which comprised the said part with the low thermal conductivity member 27b . Hereinafter, the difference will be described.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. In the sixth embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of two members, a high thermal conductivity member 27a and a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  As shown in FIG. 10, when the piston 22 is at the lowest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (broken line position), the portion facing the top ring 28 and the cylinder liner 27 above the portion have low thermal conductivity. It consists of member 27b. That is, as compared with the fourth and fifth embodiments, the ratio of the low thermal conductivity member 27b constituting the cylinder liner 27 is increased.

  Thereby, the amount of heat transfer from the piston ring 28 to the cylinder liner 27 at the lowest compression ratio and the compression top dead center position (broken line position) can be reduced. Therefore, as compared with the fourth and fifth embodiments, the heat insulating effect of the cylinder liner 27 is increased, and the cooling loss can be further reduced. As a result, thermal efficiency can be improved and fuel efficiency can be improved.

  On the other hand, the cylinder liner 27 below the portion facing the top ring 28 is constituted by a high thermal conductivity member 27a.

  As a result, when the piston 22 descends during the expansion stroke and the combustion temperature reaches the maximum, the amount of heat received by the piston 22 is efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27 and can be dissipated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Therefore, the temperature of the piston crown surface can also be lowered, and the occurrence of knocking can be prevented. Further, since the knock margin increases, the ignition timing can be advanced to increase the maximum combustion pressure, and the output can be improved. In the present embodiment, the amount of heat of the unburned gas around the top land 22a at the top dead center position cannot be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27, and the internal combustion is less likely to cause knocking than in the fourth and fifth embodiments. Effective for institutions.

(Seventh embodiment)
Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The seventh embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 is changed. Hereinafter, the difference will be described.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. In the seventh embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of two members, a high thermal conductivity member 27a and a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  As shown in FIG. 11, when the piston 22 is at the highest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (solid line position), the portion of the cylinder liner 27 that faces the top land 22a is constituted by the low thermal conductivity member 27b. That is, in particular, the heat insulation of the cylinder liner 27 in the portion that is in contact with the high-temperature combustion gas is achieved. Thereby, the amount of heat transfer from the high-temperature combustion gas to the cylinder liner 27 can be reduced. Therefore, the thermal efficiency can be improved and the fuel efficiency can be improved.

  On the other hand, a portion facing the top ring 28 and a cylinder liner 27 below the top ring 28 are constituted by a high thermal conductivity member 27a.

  In the expansion stroke, the combustion gas expands as the piston 22 descends, and the pressure and temperature decrease. Therefore, even if the cylinder liner 27 below the top ring 28 is made of a high thermal conductivity member, the influence of deterioration of the cooling loss is relatively small. Further, the amount of heat received by the piston 22 can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27 and radiated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Therefore, the temperature in the cylinder can be efficiently lowered, and seizure of the piston ring 28 accompanying the temperature increase of the piston 22 can be prevented. By reducing the temperature in the cylinder, the expansion of the intake air can be suppressed, and the charging efficiency is also improved.

(Eighth embodiment)
Next, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the seventh embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 of the portion facing the top ring 28 when the piston 22 is at the highest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (solid line position) is constituted by the high thermal conductivity member 27a. On the other hand, the eighth embodiment of the present invention is different in that the portion is constituted by the low thermal conductivity member 27b. Hereinafter, the difference will be described.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. In the eighth embodiment, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of two members, a high thermal conductivity member 27a and a low thermal conductivity member 27b.

  As shown in FIG. 12, when the piston 22 is at the highest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (solid line position), the portion facing the top ring 28 and the cylinder liner 27 above that portion have a low thermal conductivity. It consists of member 27b. That is, as compared with the seventh embodiment, the ratio of the low thermal conductivity member 27b constituting the cylinder liner 27 is increased.

  By constituting in this way, the heat insulation of the cylinder liner 27 in the part in contact with the high temperature combustion gas is particularly achieved. Further, the amount of heat transfer from the piston ring 28 to the cylinder liner 27 when the piston 22 is at the highest compression ratio and at the compression top dead center position (solid line position) is reduced.

  Thereby, compared with 7th Embodiment, the heat insulation effect of the cylinder liner 27 increases, and it can reduce a cooling loss more. As a result, thermal efficiency can be improved and fuel efficiency can be improved.

  On the other hand, the cylinder liner 27 below the portion facing the top ring 28 is constituted by a high thermal conductivity member 27a.

  In the expansion stroke, the combustion gas expands as the piston 22 descends, and the pressure and temperature decrease. Therefore, even if the cylinder liner 27 below the top ring 28 is constituted by the high thermal conductivity member 27a, the influence of the deterioration of the cooling loss is relatively small.

  Further, the amount of heat received by the piston 22 can be efficiently transferred to the cylinder liner 27 and radiated to the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 29. Therefore, the temperature in the cylinder can be efficiently lowered, and seizure of the piston ring 28 accompanying the temperature increase of the piston 22 can be prevented. By reducing the temperature in the cylinder, the expansion of the intake air can be suppressed, and the charging efficiency is also improved.

(Ninth embodiment)
Next, a ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 13, FIG. 14, FIG. 15 and FIG.

  FIG. 13 shows a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 101 having two cooling systems and the like according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cooling device for the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 101.

  13 and 14, a water jacket 46 that surrounds the combustion chamber 61 is formed inside the cylinder head 60. Inside the cylinder block 20, in the piston stroke direction, a water jacket 291 is formed independently on the combustion chamber 61 side, and a water jacket 292 is formed independently on the crankshaft 21 side (see FIG. 13). The water jackets 291 and 292 are formed so as to surround the cylinder 23, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 14, the cooling device includes the above-described water jackets 46, 291 and 292, the water pumps 42 and 43 for pumping and circulating the cooling water to the water jackets 46, 291, 292, and the heat of the high-temperature cooling water. It includes a radiator 41 that radiates heat to the outside air and cools it. The cooling device sends the cooling water to the water jackets 46, 291 and 292 by the water pumps 42 and 43, guides the cooling water to the radiator 41, dissipates heat, and circulates it again by the pump.

  The cooling water circulation path will be described.

  A water pump 42 is attached to the engine front side of the cylinder block 20. The discharge port of the water pump 42 is connected to the cooling water inlet of the water jacket 292 through the cooling water passage 50a. The water jacket 292 is connected to an inlet of a water outlet 55 attached to the engine rear side of the cylinder block 20. The outlet of the water outlet 55 is connected to the upper inlet of the radiator 41 through the cooling water passage 50b. The lower outlet of the radiator 41 is connected to the suction port of the water pump 42 through the cooling water passage 50c.

  FIG. 15 is a system diagram schematically showing the circulation path of the cooling water. As shown in FIG. 15, the circulation path of the cooling water flowing through the water jacket (C / B) 292 of the cylinder block 20 by the cooling water passage 50, the radiator (RAD) 41, the water pump (W / P) 42, and the like. A (second cooling water circulation system) is formed.

  On the other hand, in FIG. 14, a branch passage 51 is formed in the middle of the cooling water passage 50a. The branch passage 51 is connected to the inlet of the water jacket 291 on the combustion chamber side of the cylinder block 20. At the inlet, a branching portion 54 to the water jacket 46 of the cylinder head 60 is formed. Therefore, the cooling water flowing through the branch passage 51 branches at the branch portion 54 and is sent to the water jacket 291 and the water jacket 46.

  On the engine rear side of the cylinder head 60, a water jacket 291 and a cooling water merging portion 57 flowing through the water jacket 46 and an outlet thereof are formed. The outlet of the water jacket 46 is connected to the inlet of a water outlet 56 that is attached to the engine rear side of the cylinder head 60. The passage 52 connected to the outlet of the water outlet 56 branches off in the middle. One of the branched passages 52 a is connected to the cooling water passage 50 b and connected to the upper inlet of the radiator 41. The other passage 52 b is connected to the suction port of the electric water pump 43.

  The branch passage 51 is provided with a valve 44 that adjusts the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the branch passage 51. Similarly, a valve 45 is provided in the branch passage 52a.

  As shown in FIG. 15, the water jacket (C / B) 291 of the cylinder block 20 and the water jacket (C / H) 46 of the cylinder head 60 are provided by these branch passages 52b and the electric water pump (W / P) 43 and the like. The cooling water circulation path B (first cooling water circulation system path) is formed.

  In the present embodiment, the temperature adjustment of the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 291 and the cooling water flowing through the water jacket 46 is performed by adjusting the opening degree of the valves 44 and 45. For example, when the valves 44 and 45 are closed, there is no radiator in the circulation path B. Therefore, the cooling water temperature in the circulation path B can be made relatively higher than the cooling water temperature in the circulation path A.

  Further, the flow rate of the cooling water in the circulation path B can be made relatively larger than the flow rate of the cooling water in the circulation path A by adjusting the throttle amounts of the valves 44 and 45. As a result, the cooling water temperature in the circulation path B can be made relatively higher than the cooling water temperature in the circulation path A.

  FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the relationship of the thermal conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.

  Thus, by relatively increasing the temperature of the cooling water flowing around the cylinder liner 27 on the combustion chamber 61 side constituted by the low thermal conductivity member 27b, and further reducing the circulation amount of the cooling water, The heat insulating effect of the cylinder liner 27 can be further improved. Therefore, the thermal efficiency can be improved and the fuel efficiency can be improved.

  On the other hand, by reducing the temperature of the cooling water flowing around the cylinder liner 27 on the crankshaft 21 side constituted by the high thermal conductivity member 27a, and further increasing the circulation amount of the cooling water, the intake stroke is increased. The thermal expansion of the intake air at the time can be suppressed, and the filling efficiency can be improved.

  In addition, about the thermal conductivity of the cylinder liner 27 to which this cooling device is applied, the ratio of the low thermal conductivity member 27b and the high thermal conductivity member 27a of the cylinder liner 27 shown in FIG. 16 is the same as that of the embodiment of FIG. Although it is related, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same applies to the other embodiments shown in FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, etc. can do.

(10th Embodiment)
Next, a tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 17 is a view showing a cylinder liner 27 according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.

  As described above, in the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine 1 according to the present invention, the cylinder liner 27 is composed of a plurality of members having different thermal conductivities. The cylinder liner 27 is worn at the contact portion with the piston ring 28 by the sliding movement of the piston 22.

  At this time, if the cylinder liner 27 is composed of a plurality of members having different thermal conductivities, the amount of wear differs depending on the material. Therefore, a step is generated at the boundary between different members.

  When such a level difference occurs, the airtightness of the combustion chamber cannot be maintained and blow-by gas increases. Friction also increases, and the cylinder liner 27 is scratched or baked. Further, there is a concern that noise is generated when the piston ring 28 gets over the step. Furthermore, there is a concern that excess oil may enter the combustion chamber due to oil scraping and the like, resulting in increased oil consumption and seizure.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the coating layer 65 is formed in which the surface on which the piston 22 of the cylinder liner 27 slides is covered with a single material. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the level | step difference in the boundary of the member by comprising the cylinder liner 27 by the several member from which heat conductivity differs can be prevented. The thermal conductivity of the coating layer 65 is preferably equal to that of the low thermal conductivity member, but there is no problem even if it is slightly larger or smaller.

(Eleventh embodiment)
Next, an eleventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 18 is a view showing a piston 22 according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

  The piston 22 of the present embodiment is configured as a heat-insulating piston having a laminar low heat conductive member 70 attached to its crown surface.

  Thereby, the amount of heat transfer from the combustion gas to the piston crown surface can be suppressed. In addition, by forming the crown surface of the piston, which is a part of the combustion chamber, with the low heat conducting member 70, the combustion chamber can be insulated. Therefore, the cooling loss is reduced, the thermal efficiency is improved, and the fuel consumption is also improved.

  Moreover, the temperature of piston 22 itself can be reduced by the heat insulation effect of the low heat conductive member 70 affixed on the piston crown surface. Therefore, seizure between the cylinder liner 27 and the piston ring 28 can be prevented. Further, the combustion temperature can be increased without increasing the piston strength, and the output can be improved.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is obvious that various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the inner wall of the cylinder 23 is configured by fitting the cylinder liner 27 made of a material different from that of the cylinder block 20. However, if the thermal conductivity is configured as in the above embodiment, the inner wall may be integrated with the cylinder block 20.

It is a figure which shows a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which made the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine the high compression ratio. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state made into the low compression ratio similarly. The piston stroke characteristic obtained by a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine and a single link type piston stroke mechanism is shown. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner 27 by 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine which has two cooling systems etc. by 9th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the cooling device of the variable compression ratio internal combustion engine by 9th Embodiment of this invention. It is a systematic diagram showing the circulation route of cooling water typically. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the heat conductivity inside the cylinder liner by 9th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the cylinder liner by 10th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the piston by 11th Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Variable compression ratio internal combustion engine (compression ratio control means)
22 Piston 22a Topland 27 Cylinder liner 27a High thermal conductivity member 27b Low thermal conductivity member 28 Piston ring (top ring)
44 Valve (Flow rate adjusting means)
45 Valve (Flow rate adjusting means)

Claims (12)

A piston that reciprocates in the cylinder;
A compression ratio control means for changing the top dead center position of the piston based on the engine operating state to make the engine compression ratio variable;
With
When the engine compression ratio is set to a high compression ratio, when the engine compression ratio is set to a low compression ratio, the thermal conductivity of the cylinder facing the top ring inserted into the piston at the piston top dead center position is set. An internal combustion engine characterized by being made smaller than the thermal conductivity of a cylinder in a portion facing the top ring at a piston top dead center position . When the boundary between the portion with a large thermal conductivity and the portion with a small thermal conductivity of the cylinder is set to a high compression ratio, the portion facing the top ring of the piston at the piston top dead center position 2. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein when the compression ratio is low, the internal combustion engine is located between the piston top dead center position and a portion facing the top ring of the piston . When the engine compression ratio is set to a low compression ratio, the thermal conductivity of the cylinder above the portion facing the top ring of the piston at the top dead center position of the piston is determined from the thermal conductivity of the cylinder below the facing portion. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine is also made smaller . When the engine compression ratio is set to a high compression ratio, at the top dead center position of the piston, the portion facing the top ring of the piston and the thermal conductivity of the cylinder above the portion facing the piston are lower than the portion facing the piston. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the internal combustion engine is smaller than that of the internal combustion engine. A piston that reciprocates in the cylinder;
A compression ratio control means for changing the top dead center position of the piston based on the engine operating state to make the engine compression ratio variable;
With
When the engine compression ratio is set to a high compression ratio, the thermal conductivity of the cylinder facing the top land of the piston at the piston top dead center position is set. When the engine compression ratio is set to a low compression ratio, the piston top dead center is set. It is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the cylinder at the point position facing the top land.
An internal combustion engine characterized by that . When the engine compression ratio is set to a high compression ratio, the thermal conductivity of the cylinder below the top land of the piston at the top dead center position of the piston is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the cylinder of the facing portion. An internal combustion engine according to claim 5 , wherein A piston that reciprocates in the cylinder;
A compression ratio control means for changing the top dead center position of the piston based on the engine operating state to make the engine compression ratio variable;
With
When the engine compression ratio is set to a low compression ratio, the heat conductivity of the cylinder facing the top ring inserted into the piston at the top dead center position of the piston and the cylinder above the facing portion is determined from the facing portion. Lower than the thermal conductivity of the lower cylinder
An internal combustion engine characterized by that . A first cooling water circulation system for guiding cooling water around a portion of the cylinder having a low thermal conductivity;
A second cooling water circulation path for guiding cooling water around a portion having a high thermal conductivity of the cylinder;
Flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the first cooling water circulation path and the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the second cooling water circulation path;
With
By adjusting the flow rate flowing through the first cooling water circulation system path and the second cooling water circulation system path by the flow rate adjusting means, the cooling water temperature flowing through the first cooling water circulation path flows through the second cooling water circulation path. The internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the internal combustion engine is higher than a cooling water temperature . The internal combustion engine according to claim 8 , wherein a flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the first cooling water circulation path is less than a flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the second cooling water circulation path . The internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein a coating layer made of a single material is formed on a surface of the cylinder on which the piston slides . The internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a surface of the crown portion of the piston is made of a material having a lower thermal conductivity than the inside of the piston . The internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the cylinder includes a cylinder liner .