JP2007242332A - Method and apparatus of suppressing deterioration of lead-acid battery, and lead-acid battery provided with this apparatus - Google Patents
Method and apparatus of suppressing deterioration of lead-acid battery, and lead-acid battery provided with this apparatus Download PDFInfo
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本発明は車両のエンジン始動用やバッテリフォークリフト等に用いられる鉛蓄電池の劣化抑制方法と劣化抑制装置およびこの劣化抑制装置を備えた鉛蓄電池に関する。 The present invention relates to a deterioration suppressing method and a deterioration suppressing device for a lead storage battery used for starting an engine of a vehicle, a battery forklift, and the like, and a lead storage battery including the deterioration suppressing device.
自動車用蓄電池をはじめとするエンジン始動用蓄電池あるいはバッテリフォークリフトの電源として、主に鉛蓄電池が使用されている。鉛蓄電池は長期間放置すると、負極の活物質中に粗大な粗大な硫酸鉛の結晶が蓄積する、いわゆるサルフェ−ションが進行する。 Lead storage batteries are mainly used as power sources for engine starting storage batteries such as automobile storage batteries or battery forklifts. If the lead storage battery is left for a long period of time, so-called sulfation proceeds, in which coarse and coarse lead sulfate crystals accumulate in the negative electrode active material.
サルフェ−ションによって生じた粗大な硫酸鉛結晶は、通常の放電によって生じる硫酸鉛よりも溶解性が大幅に低下する。その結果、鉛蓄電池の充電受入性が低下し、容量が回復しにくくなり早期に寿命となることがある。このようなサルフェ−ションを抑制あるいはサルフェーションから回復させる方法として、パルス放電を行い粗大な硫酸鉛結晶を溶解させ易くすることが示されている。 Coarse lead sulfate crystals produced by sulfation are significantly less soluble than lead sulfate produced by normal discharge. As a result, the charge acceptability of the lead-acid battery is reduced, the capacity is difficult to recover, and the life may be shortened early. As a method for suppressing or recovering from such sulfation, it has been shown that pulse discharge is performed to easily dissolve coarse lead sulfate crystals.
特許文献１で示された非伝導性結晶皮膜除去装置においては、その明細書および図面の記載から、鉛蓄電池が車両に接続され、車両の充電系統から鉛蓄電池が充電されている間に鉛蓄電池をパルス放電することが示されていると考えられる。 In the non-conductive crystal film removing apparatus shown in Patent Document 1, the lead storage battery is connected while the lead storage battery is connected to the vehicle and the lead storage battery is being charged from the vehicle charging system. It is considered that it has been shown to pulse discharge.
したがって、車両の充電系統が動作している間、すなわち車両が運行されている間のみにパルス放電が行われる。したがって、車両が運行されずに長期間放置される場合、あるいは鉛蓄電池が車両に搭載されない状態で長期間放置される場合については、パルス放電が行われないため、その効果は限定的である。 Therefore, pulse discharge is performed only while the vehicle charging system is operating, that is, while the vehicle is operating. Therefore, when the vehicle is left unattended for a long time without being operated, or when the lead storage battery is left unattended for a long time without being mounted on the vehicle, the pulse discharge is not performed, so the effect is limited.
また、パルス放電で消費される電力は再利用されないため、車両の充電系統から見れば充電効率を低下させるという要因になっていた。
本発明は、鉛蓄電池を長期間放置した場合においても、サルフェーションとこれによる電池の性能低下を抑制することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to suppress sulfation and deterioration of battery performance due to this even when a lead storage battery is left for a long period of time.
前記した課題を解決するために、本発明の請求項１に係る発明は、鉛蓄電池を放電してその放電電荷を蓄電デバイスに蓄電し、前記蓄電デバイスに蓄電した電荷で前記鉛蓄電池を充電することにより、前記鉛蓄電池に放電と充電とを繰り返して行う鉛蓄電池の劣化抑制方法を示すものである。 In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention discharges a lead storage battery, stores the discharged charge in the storage device, and charges the lead storage battery with the charge stored in the storage device. By this, the deterioration suppression method of the lead storage battery which repeats discharge and charge to the said lead storage battery is shown.
また、本発明の請求項２に係る発明は、鉛蓄電池を放電する放電手段と、放電における電荷を蓄積する蓄電デバイスと、前記蓄電デバイスに蓄積された電荷を用いて前記鉛蓄電池を充電する充電手段と、前記放電と充電とを繰り返して行うよう制御する制御手段とを備えた鉛蓄電池の劣化抑制装置を示すものである。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a discharging means for discharging a lead storage battery, an electric storage device for storing electric charge in discharge, and charging for charging the lead storage battery using the electric charge stored in the electric storage device. The deterioration suppression apparatus of the lead storage battery provided with a means and a control means to control to repeat and perform the said discharge and charge is shown.
さらに、本発明の請求項３に係る発明は、請求項２の鉛蓄電池の劣化抑制装置を備えた鉛蓄電池を示すものである。 Further, an invention according to claim 3 of the present invention shows a lead storage battery provided with the deterioration suppression device for a lead storage battery of claim 2.
本発明は、上記の構成を有することにより、鉛蓄電池を放電した際の放電電荷を蓄電デバイスに蓄電し、この蓄電された電荷で鉛蓄電池を充電することが可能となる。したがって、鉛蓄電池が充電されずに長期間放置された場合においても、鉛蓄電池を放電と充電とを加えることが可能となる。また、放電単独ではなく、放電と充電とをパルス状に繰り返して行うことにより、長期放置中での鉛蓄電池のサルフェーションの進行を顕著に抑制することができる。 By having the above-described configuration, the present invention can store the discharge charge when the lead storage battery is discharged in the storage device, and charge the lead storage battery with this stored charge. Therefore, even when the lead storage battery is left uncharged for a long time, the lead storage battery can be discharged and charged. Further, by repeating discharge and charging in a pulsed manner instead of discharging alone, the progress of sulfation of the lead storage battery during standing for a long time can be remarkably suppressed.
本発明の鉛蓄電池の劣化抑制装置では、鉛蓄電池を放電してその放電電荷を蓄電デバイスに蓄電し、この前記蓄電デバイスに蓄電した電荷で鉛蓄電池を充電することにより、鉛蓄電池に放電と充電とを繰り返して行う。 In the deterioration suppressing device for a lead storage battery according to the present invention, the lead storage battery is discharged, the discharge charge is stored in the power storage device, and the lead storage battery is charged with the charge stored in the power storage device, whereby the lead storage battery is discharged and charged. Repeatedly.
本発明の鉛蓄電池の劣化抑制装置１の構成例を図１に示す。劣化抑制装置１に設けた放電スイッチを制御手段９によりＯＦＦ→ＯＮ→ＯＦＦ動作させ、鉛蓄電池２を放電する。その際、鉛蓄電池２はキャパシタやコンデンサ等の蓄電デバイス６を充電することにより、自身は放電させる。なお、放電スイッチ３とこの開閉制御を行う制御手段９および蓄電デバイス６は請求項２における放電手段に対応する。 The structural example of the deterioration suppression apparatus 1 of the lead storage battery of this invention is shown in FIG. The discharge switch provided in the deterioration suppressing device 1 is turned OFF → ON → OFF by the control means 9 to discharge the lead storage battery 2. At that time, the lead storage battery 2 discharges itself by charging the storage device 6 such as a capacitor or a capacitor. The discharge switch 3, the control means 9 for performing the opening / closing control, and the power storage device 6 correspond to the discharge means in claim 2.
鉛蓄電池２を放電した際の電荷はキャパシタやコンデンサ等の蓄電デバイス６に蓄電されるが、放電スイッチ３がＯＦＦ状態である間、鉛蓄電池２から蓄電デバイス６へ流れる電流が過大とならないよう、鉛蓄電池２と蓄電デバイス６間に電流制限抵抗５等の電流を制御する手段を設ける。
The electric charge when the lead storage battery 2 is discharged is stored in the power storage device 6 such as a capacitor or a capacitor. However, while the discharge switch 3 is in the OFF state, the current flowing from the lead storage battery 2 to the power storage device 6 is not excessive. Means for controlling a current such as a current limiting
鉛蓄電池２の放電が終了した後、充電スイッチ４を制御手段９によりＯＦＦ→ＯＮ→ＯＦＦ動作させ、蓄電デバイス６に蓄電された電荷により、鉛蓄電池２を充電する。なお、充電スイッチ４とこの開閉制御を行う制御手段および蓄電デバイス６は請求項２における充電手段に対応する。 After the discharge of the lead storage battery 2 is completed, the charge switch 4 is turned OFF → ON → OFF by the control means 9, and the lead storage battery 2 is charged by the charge stored in the power storage device 6. The charging switch 4, the control means for performing the opening / closing control, and the power storage device 6 correspond to the charging means in claim 2.
図１に示した例では、充電スイッチ４がＯＦＦ−ＯＮ−ＯＦＦ動作することにより、蓄電デバイス６から電流制限抵抗５を介して、昇圧トランス７の一次側巻線にパルス状に電流が供給され、その結果、昇圧トランス７の２次側巻線に昇圧された電圧パルスが発生する。この電圧パルスが逆流防止ダイオード８を通り、鉛蓄電池２が充電されることとなる。
In the example shown in FIG. 1, when the charging switch 4 performs an OFF-ON-OFF operation, a current is supplied in a pulse form from the power storage device 6 to the primary winding of the step-up transformer 7 via the current limiting
本発明では、放電スイッチ３および充電スイッチ４のＯＦＦ−ＯＮ−ＯＦＦの一連の動作を交互に繰り返して行うことにより、鉛蓄電池を図２に示したようなパルス状の放電と充電を行う。 In the present invention, a series of OFF-ON-OFF operations of the discharge switch 3 and the charge switch 4 are alternately repeated to discharge and charge the lead storage battery as shown in FIG.
パルス状の放電を行うことによって、鉛蓄電池２の活物質内に比較的微細な硫酸鉛結晶を生成させ、さらにパルス状の充電を行うことによって、正極活物質においては微細な２酸化鉛結晶、負極活物質においては微細な鉛結晶を生成する。その結果、粗大な硫酸鉛結晶が極板表面を覆う、サルフェーションを抑制する。 By performing pulsed discharge, relatively fine lead sulfate crystals are generated in the active material of the lead-acid battery 2, and further, by performing pulsed charging, fine lead dioxide crystals in the positive electrode active material, In the negative electrode active material, fine lead crystals are generated. As a result, coarse lead sulfate crystals suppress the sulfation that covers the electrode plate surface.
なお、放電において微細な硫酸鉛結晶を生成するよう、放電率は例えば０．１ＣＡ程度以上とすることが好ましい。例えば、０．００１ＣＡ等の極めて低率の放電では、体積あたりに生成する結晶核数も少ない。結晶核数が少ない場合、この結晶核から成長する硫酸鉛結晶はより大きく成長し、粗大化するため好ましくない。 The discharge rate is preferably about 0.1 CA or more so that fine lead sulfate crystals are generated in the discharge. For example, in a very low rate discharge such as 0.001 CA, the number of crystal nuclei generated per volume is small. When the number of crystal nuclei is small, lead sulfate crystals grown from the crystal nuclei grow larger and become coarse, which is not preferable.
一方、ある程度以上の放電率で放電することにより、放電時での活物質近傍での硫酸鉛の過飽和度がより高くなり、体積あたりに生成する結晶核数はより多くなる。その結果、硫酸鉛結晶成長の過程において、隣接する硫酸鉛結晶と比較的早期に衝突し、結晶成長が阻害されるため、硫酸鉛結晶の粗大化が抑制されると考えられる。 On the other hand, by discharging at a discharge rate of a certain level or more, the supersaturation degree of lead sulfate in the vicinity of the active material at the time of discharge becomes higher, and the number of crystal nuclei generated per volume increases. As a result, in the process of lead sulfate crystal growth, it collides with an adjacent lead sulfate crystal relatively early, and the crystal growth is inhibited. Therefore, it is considered that the coarsening of the lead sulfate crystal is suppressed.
一方、充電においても、例えば０．１ＣＡ程度以上の充電率で充電することにより、活物質（正極においては２酸化鉛、負極においては鉛）の結晶核数がより多く生成される。そして、この充電と放電とを繰り返して行うことにより、粗大な硫酸鉛結晶の形成が抑制され、また活物質の結晶核も多数確保されるため、放置期間中の鉛蓄電池の充電受け入れ性低下を抑制できると推測される。 On the other hand, in charging, for example, by charging at a charging rate of about 0.1 CA or more, more crystal nuclei of the active material (lead dioxide in the positive electrode and lead in the negative electrode) are generated. By repeating this charging and discharging, the formation of coarse lead sulfate crystals is suppressed, and a large number of active material crystal nuclei are secured. It is estimated that it can be suppressed.
さらに、放電時の放電電流（放電率）および充電時の充電電流（充電率）の下限値は、鉛蓄電池設計によって異なる場合がある。例えば、高率放電に対応するために薄型極板を採用した電池と、低率放電における寿命を考慮し、極板厚みをより厚く設定した電池では、その下限値は異なる。 Furthermore, the lower limit of the discharge current (discharge rate) at the time of discharge and the charge current (charge rate) at the time of charge may differ depending on the lead-acid battery design. For example, a battery that employs a thin electrode plate to cope with high rate discharge and a battery in which the electrode plate thickness is set to be thicker considering the life in low rate discharge are different.
例えば、同じ放電率で放電した場合、薄型極板を採用した電池では、より厚い極板を採用した電池に比較して、極板周囲の硫酸鉛の過飽和度はより低くなる傾向にある。これにより、硫酸鉛の結晶核数がより少なくなる。したがって、放電時および充電時の電流については、予め電池別に評価を行い、本発明の効果が得られる範囲に設定すべきである。 For example, when discharging at the same discharge rate, a battery employing a thin electrode plate tends to have a lower degree of supersaturation of lead sulfate around the electrode plate than a battery employing a thicker electrode plate. This reduces the number of lead sulfate crystal nuclei. Therefore, the current at the time of discharging and charging should be evaluated in advance for each battery and set within a range where the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
放電スイッチ３および充電スイッチ４として、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ等のスイッチング素子を用いることができる。制御手段９は放電スイッチ３および充電スイッチ４のＯＮ時間およびＯＦＦ時間を制御することにより、放電時間、充電時間および放電−充電の周期を制御する。放電時間（Ｔｄ）および充電時間（Ｔｃ）に関しては、蓄電デバイス６の容量にもよるが、１００μｓ〜１０ｍｓ程度に設定することができる。 As the discharge switch 3 and the charge switch 4, a switching element such as a MOS-FET can be used. The control means 9 controls the discharge time, the charge time, and the discharge-charge cycle by controlling the ON time and the OFF time of the discharge switch 3 and the charge switch 4. The discharge time (Td) and the charge time (Tc) can be set to about 100 μs to 10 ms depending on the capacity of the power storage device 6.
放電−充電動作は、鉛蓄電池２を放置している間に連続して行うことができる。この場合、制御手段９により鉛蓄電池２の電池電圧計測により、鉛蓄電池２が外部機器により充電されていないことを検知後に放電−充電を行えばよい。また、放置期間中に常時放電−充電を行う場合、放電電気量＞充電電気量であるため鉛蓄電池２の残存容量低下が進行する。 The discharge-charge operation can be continuously performed while the lead storage battery 2 is left unattended. In this case, discharge-charging may be performed after detecting that the lead storage battery 2 is not charged by an external device by the battery voltage measurement of the lead storage battery 2 by the control means 9. In addition, when the discharging and charging are always performed during the leaving period, the remaining capacity of the lead storage battery 2 decreases because the amount of discharged electricity> the amount of charged electricity.
したがって、放置初期の鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣ（充電状態）が高く、自己放電が殆ど進行せず、劣化が進行していない状況では劣化抑制装置１での放電−充電操作を停止することができる。例えば、鉛蓄電池２の開路電圧を計測し、ある程度まで自己放電が進行することによって、サルフェーションが進行し、開路電圧が所定の電圧まで低下した時点で放電−充電操作を行うよう制御手段９により制御してもよい。また、鉛蓄電池が過放電されないよう、電池電圧がさらに低下した場合には、制御手段９により放電−充電操作を停止してもよい。また、放電−充電の周期を長くして、劣化抑制装置１による放電電気量を減少させてもよい。 Therefore, in a situation where the SOC (charged state) of the lead storage battery at the initial stage of leaving is high, the self-discharge hardly progresses, and the deterioration does not progress, the discharge-charging operation in the deterioration suppressing device 1 can be stopped. For example, when the open circuit voltage of the lead storage battery 2 is measured and self-discharge proceeds to a certain extent, sulfation proceeds, and the control means 9 controls the discharge-charge operation when the open circuit voltage drops to a predetermined voltage. May be. Further, when the battery voltage is further lowered so that the lead storage battery is not overdischarged, the discharging and charging operation may be stopped by the control means 9. Further, the discharge-charge cycle may be lengthened to reduce the amount of electricity discharged by the deterioration suppressing device 1.
なお、本発明の劣化抑制装置１は鉛蓄電池２と別体としてもよいが、鉛蓄電池の外装の一部に装着して鉛蓄電池と劣化抑制装置とを一体とすることもできる。 In addition, although the deterioration suppression apparatus 1 of this invention is good also as a separate body from the lead storage battery 2, it can equip | install with a part of exterior of a lead storage battery, and can also integrate a lead storage battery and a deterioration suppression apparatus.
（本発明例）
本発明による劣化抑制装置１を５５Ｄ２３形の始動用鉛蓄電池（公称電圧１２Ｖ、５時間率定格容量４８Ａｈ）に接続した状態で４０℃雰囲気下で１ヶ月間放置後、補充電（１４．０Ｖ定電圧、最大充電電流２５Ａ、充電時間２４時間）を行った。なお、電池は、５時間率放電によりＳＯＣを５０％の状態に調整した上で劣化抑制装置１に接続した。
(Example of the present invention)
The deterioration suppressing device 1 according to the present invention is connected to a 55D23-type lead storage battery for starting (
実施例中、劣化抑制装置１の放電および充電の仕様は以下の通りとした。 In the examples, the specifications of discharging and charging of the deterioration suppressing device 1 were as follows.
すなわち、図２における放電−充電パターンにおいて、放電電流Ｉｄ＝１０Ａ、放電時間Ｔｄ＝１００μｓ、放電終了から充電開始までの時間Ｔｌ＝６０μｓ、充電電流Ｉｃ＝８Ａ、充電時間Ｔｃ＝１００μｓ、周期Ｔｆ＝１００ｍｓとした。 That is, in the discharge-charge pattern in FIG. 2, the discharge current Id = 10 A, the discharge time Td = 100 μs, the time from the end of discharge to the start of charging Tl = 60 μs, the charge current Ic = 8 A, the charge time Tc = 100 μs, the period Tf = 100 ms.
なお、放電スイッチ３と充電スイッチ４には、高速で動作しＯＮ−ＯＦＦ動作時の損失が少ないＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴを、電流制限抵抗５には１．２Ω、蓄電デバイス６には１６Ｖ５００μＦの電解コンデンサを使用した。また、昇圧トランス７の昇圧比は１．５のものを用いた。
Note that the discharge switch 3 and the charge switch 4 are MOS-FETs that operate at high speed and have little loss during the ON-OFF operation, the current limiting
なお、劣化抑制装置１によって電池が過放電にならないよう電池電圧が１２Ｖ以下では劣化抑制装置１が動作しないように設定した。また、本実施例において、劣化抑制装置１による電池の平均放電電流は４ｍＡであった。 In addition, it set so that the deterioration suppression apparatus 1 might not operate | move with the battery voltage 12V or less so that a battery might not be overdischarged by the deterioration suppression apparatus 1. FIG. Moreover, in the present Example, the average discharge current of the battery by the deterioration suppression apparatus 1 was 4 mA.
（比較例１）
本発明例で用いたものと同仕様の始動用鉛蓄電池を開路状態を保持したまま、４０℃雰囲気下で１ヶ月間放置後、補充電（１４．０Ｖ定電圧、最大充電電流２５Ａ、充電時間２４時間）を行った。なお、本発明例と同様、放置に先立って鉛蓄電池を５時間率放電により、ＳＯＣを５０％に調整した。
(Comparative Example 1)
A lead acid battery for start-up having the same specifications as those used in the present invention example is left for one month in an atmosphere at 40 ° C. while maintaining the open circuit state, and then supplementary charging (14.0 V constant voltage, maximum charging current 25 A, charging time) 24 hours). As in the case of the present invention, prior to leaving, the lead storage battery was adjusted to 50% by 5-hour rate discharge.
（比較例２）
比較例２は本発明例において、劣化抑制装置１の動作を放電のみとし、充電の部分を充電も放電も行わない、単なる放置に置換したものである。この場合、蓄電デバイス６の電荷は蓄電デバイス６は別途並列接続した放電用抵抗（図示せず）によって放電される。なお、用いた電池は、本発明例および比較例１と同仕様であり、放置前に５時間率放電により、ＳＯＣを５０％に調整後、上記の通り動作変更した劣化抑制装置１を接続した。この状態で鉛蓄電池を４０℃雰囲気下で１ヶ月間放置後、補充電（１４．０Ｖ定電圧、最大充電電流２５Ａ、充電時間２４時間）を行った。
(Comparative Example 2)
Comparative Example 2 is an example of the present invention in which the operation of the degradation suppressing device 1 is only discharged, and the charging portion is replaced with mere leaving without charging or discharging. In this case, the electric charge of the electric storage device 6 is discharged by a discharging resistor (not shown) separately connected in parallel to the electric storage device 6. In addition, the used battery is the same specification as the present invention example and the comparative example 1, and after the SOC was adjusted to 50% by 5 hour rate discharge before leaving, the deterioration suppressing device 1 whose operation was changed as described above was connected. . In this state, the lead storage battery was left in a 40 ° C. atmosphere for one month, and then supplementary charging (14.0 V constant voltage, maximum charging current 25 A, charging time 24 hours) was performed.
（比較例３）
比較例３は、本発明例の劣化抑制装置１における放電−充電パターンから放電を除いたパターンとしたものである。比較例３では、本発明例１、比較例２とは異なり、別途設けた外部電源を用いて電池を充電する。なお、用いた電池は、本発明例、比較例１および比較例２のものと同仕様であり、放置前に５時間率放電により、ＳＯＣを５０％に調整後、外部電源を用いて、前記した充電を行う。この状態で鉛蓄電池を４０℃雰囲気下で１ヶ月間放置後、補充電（１４．０Ｖ定電圧、最大充電電流２５Ａ、充電時間２４時間）を行った。
(Comparative Example 3)
Comparative Example 3 is a pattern obtained by removing discharge from the discharge-charge pattern in the degradation suppressing device 1 of the present invention example. In Comparative Example 3, unlike Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the battery is charged using an external power source provided separately. The batteries used have the same specifications as those of the present invention example, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, and after adjusting the SOC to 50% by 5 hour rate discharge before leaving, Charge the battery. In this state, the lead storage battery was left in a 40 ° C. atmosphere for one month, and then supplementary charging (14.0 V constant voltage, maximum charging current 25 A, charging time 24 hours) was performed.
上記した本発明例、比較例１、比較例２および比較例３についてはそれぞれｎ＝２で行い、補充電終了後、それぞれに使用した電池の２個中の１個は、５時間率容量を計測した。また、残りの１個の電池は解体し、負極活物質中の硫酸鉛量を定量した。 The above-described inventive example, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 are each performed at n = 2, and after completion of auxiliary charging, one of the two batteries used for each has a 5-hour rate capacity. Measured. The remaining one battery was disassembled and the amount of lead sulfate in the negative electrode active material was quantified.
上記した本発明例、比較例１、比較例２および比較例３に使用した電池の放置後の５時間率放電容量は、本発明例（本発明例の劣化抑制装置を接続した）では４７Ａｈ（定格容量の９７．９％）であった。一方、比較例１（本発明例の劣化抑制装置を接続せず、開路状態で放置した）では３６．５Ａｈ（定格容量の７６％）であった。また、比較例２の場合では３９．４Ａｈ（定格容量の８２％）であった。さらに比較例３の場合では３９．８Ａｈ（定格容量の８３％）であった。 The 5-hour rate discharge capacity after leaving the batteries used in the above-described examples of the present invention, comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 is 47 Ah in the present invention example (with the deterioration suppression device of the present invention connected). 97.9% of the rated capacity). On the other hand, it was 36.5 Ah (76% of the rated capacity) in Comparative Example 1 (the deterioration suppressing device of the present invention was not connected and left open). In the case of Comparative Example 2, it was 39.4 Ah (82% of the rated capacity). Furthermore, in the case of Comparative Example 3, it was 39.8 Ah (83% of the rated capacity).
また、負極活物質中の硫酸鉛量は、本発明例に用いた電池で負極活物質総体（純然とした金属鉛と添加物および硫酸鉛を含む）中に７．２質量％含有していた。比較例１では２６．５質量％、比較例２では１８．５質量％であった。また、比較例３では１８．０質量％であった。 The amount of lead sulfate in the negative electrode active material was 7.2% by mass in the negative electrode active material (including pure metal lead, additive, and lead sulfate) in the battery used in the examples of the present invention. . In Comparative Example 1, it was 26.5% by mass, and in Comparative Example 2, it was 18.5% by mass. In Comparative Example 3, it was 18.0% by mass.
上記のことから、本発明によれば、鉛蓄電池の放置中に進行するサルフェーションによる容量低下を顕著に抑制できることがわかる。放電のみを行う比較例２および充電のみを行う比較例３では、放置中に放電も充電も行わない比較例１よりもサルフェーションと容量劣化は抑制されている。 From the above, it can be seen that according to the present invention, the capacity reduction due to sulfation that proceeds while the lead storage battery is left can be remarkably suppressed. In Comparative Example 2 in which only discharging is performed and in Comparative Example 3 in which only charging is performed, sulfation and capacity deterioration are suppressed as compared with Comparative Example 1 in which neither discharging nor charging is performed during standing.
本発明例では、放電もしくは充電をそれぞれ単独に行った場合（比較例２および比較例３）に比較して顕著にサルフェーションと容量劣化が抑制されている。また、本発明では、比較例３のような外部電源を必要としない。また、比較例２のように放電電荷を無駄に消費することなく、充電に利用することによって、サルフェーションとこれによる容量劣化を顕著に抑制することができる。 In the example of the present invention, sulfation and capacity deterioration are remarkably suppressed as compared with the case where each discharge or charge is performed independently (Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3). Further, the present invention does not require an external power supply as in Comparative Example 3. In addition, sulfation and capacity degradation due to this can be remarkably suppressed by using it for charging without wastefully consuming the discharge charge as in Comparative Example 2.
本発明によれば、放置や充電不足でサルフェ−ションになり易く容量劣化が進行し易い車両用やフォークリフト用鉛蓄電池をはじめとした、様々な鉛蓄電池に好適である。 According to the present invention, it is suitable for various lead storage batteries including lead storage batteries for vehicles and forklifts that are prone to sulfation due to neglect and lack of charge, and capacity deterioration easily proceeds.
１ 劣化抑制装置
２ 鉛蓄電池
３ 放電スイッチ
４ 充電スイッチ
５ 電流制限抵抗
６ 蓄電デバイス
７ 昇圧トランス
８ 逆流防止ダイオード
９ 制御手段
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Deterioration suppression apparatus 2 Lead acid battery 3 Discharge switch 4
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2006060841A JP2007242332A (en) | 2006-03-07 | 2006-03-07 | Method and apparatus of suppressing deterioration of lead-acid battery, and lead-acid battery provided with this apparatus |
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| JP2006060841A JP2007242332A (en) | 2006-03-07 | 2006-03-07 | Method and apparatus of suppressing deterioration of lead-acid battery, and lead-acid battery provided with this apparatus |
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| JP2007242332A true JP2007242332A (en) | 2007-09-20 |
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