JP2007242065A - イメージ検索システムおよびその方法 - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/50—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of still image data
- G06F16/58—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/50—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of still image data
- G06F16/58—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
- G06F16/583—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content
- G06F16/5838—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content using colour
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/50—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of still image data
- G06F16/58—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
- G06F16/583—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content
- G06F16/5854—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content using shape and object relationship
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/50—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of still image data
- G06F16/58—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
- G06F16/583—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content
- G06F16/5862—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content using texture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
- Y10S707/99933—Query processing, i.e. searching
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
- Y10S707/99933—Query processing, i.e. searching
- Y10S707/99934—Query formulation, input preparation, or translation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
- Y10S707/99933—Query processing, i.e. searching
- Y10S707/99935—Query augmenting and refining, e.g. inexact access
Abstract
【解決手段】イメージ検索システムはキーワードベースのイメージ検索とコンテントベースのイメージ検索の両方を実行する。ユーザインターフェースによって、ユーザは、キーワードとイメージ例の組合せを使用して問合せを指定することができる。このイメージ検索システムは、入力された問合せに応じて、問合せ中のキーワードと一致するキーワードを有するイメージ、および/または色、テクスチャ、形状など類似する低レベルフィーチャを有するイメージを見つける。システムは、イメージをランク付けしてユーザに返す。このユーザインターフェースによって、ユーザは、問合せとの関連性がより高いイメージと、関連性がより低いかあるいは関連性がまったくないイメージとを識別することができる。
【選択図】図1
Description
Proc of SIGIR‘95のBuckleyおよびSalton著「Optimization of Relevance Feedback Weights」 SaltonおよびMcGill著「Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval」(McGraw−Hill Book Company、1983年) W.M.Shaw著「Term−Relevance Computation and Perfect Retrieval Performance」(Information processing and Management) Rui,Y.、Huang,T.S.、およびMehrotra,S.著「Control−Based Image Retrieval with Relevance Feedback in MARS」、Proc.IEEE Int.Conf.on Image proc.(1997年) Ishikawa,Y.、Subramanya R.、およびFaloutsos,C.の著「Mindreader:Query Databases Through Multiple Examples」、Proc. of the 24th VLDB Conference(ニューヨーク、1998年) Rui,Y.、Huang,T.S.著「A Novel Relevance Feedback Technique in Image Retrieval」(ACM Multimedia、1999年) Lee、Ma、およびZhang著「Information Embedding Based on User′s Relevance Feedback for Image Retrieval」(Technical Report HP Labs、1998年)
図1は、イメージ検索システムを実現することのできる例示的なコンピュータネットワークシステム100を示している。コンピュータネットワークシステム100は、インターネットなどのネットワーク106を介してサーバ104に問合せを提出するクライアント102を含む。イメージ検索システムは他のネットワーク(たとえば、ワイドエリアネットワークやローカルエリアネットワーク)を使用して実現することができ、インターネットに制限すべきではないが、1つの適切な実施態様としてインターネットに関してこのシステムを説明する。このWebベース検索システムによって、複数のユーザが任意の所与の時間にタスクを同時に実行することができる。
図2は、イメージ検索システムアーキテクチャ140をより詳しく示している。このアーキテクチャは、テキストベースのキーワードまたは自然言語の問合せと、選択されたイメージ例との両方を受け入れるユーザインターフェース(UI)200を有する。したがって、ユーザは、語の入力を選択するか、あるいは最初の探索問合せとして使用すべきイメージ例を選択することができる。UI200は、ユーザが複数のイメージをブラウジングできるようにするナビゲーションツールも形成する。図1のネットワークシステムでは、UI200は、HTML文書として働かせることができ、クライアントのディスプレイ上でレンダリングされる。ユーザインターフェース200の1つの例示的な実施態様については、以下に「ユーザインターフェース」の見出しの下で詳しく説明する。
図4および図5は、図2のイメージ検索システム140によって実現されるイメージ検索プロセスを示している。このプロセスは、最初の問合せからイメージ結果セットを作成する第1のフェーズ(図4)と、結果セットを修正し結果およびユーザフィードバックから学習する第2のフェーズ(図5)とを含む。一実施態様では、イメージ検索プロセスは、実行されたときに、図4および図5にブロックとして示されている動作を実行するコンピュータ実行可能な命令である。
「トラ(tigers)」
「トラの写真(tiger pictures)」
「トラの写真を見つける(Find pictures of tigers)」
「トラのイメージを探しています(I’m looking for images of tigers.)」
イメージ検索システム140は、3つのユーザ対話モード、すなわち、キーワードベースの探索、イメージ例による探索、および定義済みの概念階層を使用したイメージデータベースのブラウジングをサポートする。ユーザインターフェース200はこの3つのモードに対処する。
この節では、意味ベースの関連性フィードバックを低レベルフィーチャベースの関連性フィードバックと統合する例示的な実施態様について説明する。意味ベースの関連性フィードバックは、低レベルフィーチャベースの関連性フィードバックと比べて比較的容易に実行することができる。意味ベースの関連性フィードバックの1つの例示的な実施態様についてまず説明し、次いで、このフィードバックをどのようにフィーチャベースの関連フィードバックと統合するかについて説明する。
データベースに新しいイメージを追加することは、多数の状況で非常に一般的な操作である。完全に低レベルイメージフィーチャに依存する検索システムの場合、新しいイメージを追加する場合、単に1組の新しいイメージに関する種々のフィーチャベクトルが抽出される。しかし、検索システムはキーワードを使用してイメージの意味コンテントを表すので、新しいイメージの意味コンテントに手動であるいは自動的にラベル付けする必要がある。本節では、自動ラベル付け技法について説明する。
上記の説明では、構造上の特徴および/または方法行為に特有の言葉が使用されたが、特許請求の範囲で定義された発明が前述の特定の特徴または行為に限らないことを理解されたい。むしろ、特定の特徴および行為は、本発明を実施する例示的な形態として開示されている。
102 クライアント
104 サーバ
106 ネットワーク
110 プロセッサ
112 揮発性メモリ
114 不揮発性メモリ
116 入力装置
118 ディスプレイ
120 ブラウザ
130 プロセッサ
132 揮発性メモリ
134 不揮発性メモリ
136 オペレーティングシステム
139 プロセッサ
140 イメージ検索システム
142 イメージデータベース
150 問合せハンドラ
152 フィーチャ意味マッチャ
154 フィードバックアナライザ
Claims (4)
- 少なくとも1つのキーワードを有する問合せのイメージ探索から返されたイメージの結果セットを含むイメージの第1セットと、前記少なくとも1つのキーワードにマッチするものとして識別されたイメージの第1セットの低レベルフィーチャに類似する低レベルフィーチャを含むイメージの第2セットとを含むイメージの結果セットを表示するステップであって、前記低レベルフィーチャは色、形状およびテクスチャを含み、前記探索の問合せに一致しない、イメージの結果セットを表示するステップと、
前記イメージの結果セット内のイメージが前記問合せに関連するか否かに関するユーザからのフィードバックを監視するステップと、
前記ユーザが、前記イメージの結果セットから少なくとも1つのイメージを前記問合せに関連するイメージとして選択した場合に、前記問合せ中のキーワードを前記選択されたイメージに関連付けて第1のキーワード−イメージ関連付けを形成し、前記第1のキーワード−イメージ関連付けに比較的大きな重みを割り当てるステップと、
前記ユーザが、前記探索を改善するために前記イメージの結果セットからイメージ例を識別した場合に、前記問合せ中のキーワードを前記イメージ例に関連付けて第2のキーワード−イメージ関連付けを形成し、前記第2のキーワード−イメージ関連付けに比較的小さな重みを割り当てるステップとを備えることを特徴とする方法。 - コンテントベースのイメージ検索と意味ベースのイメージ検索の両方を実行するステップをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- どのイメージがより関連性が高くどのイメージがより関連性が低いかをユーザが示せるようにすることによって、前記ユーザへのフィードバックを容易にするユーザインターフェースに、前記イメージの結果セットを表示するステップをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- プロセッサにおいて実行されたときに、請求項1に記載された方法を実行するコンピュータ実行可能命令を有することを特徴とするコンピュータ可読媒体。
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US09/702,292 US7099860B1 (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2000-10-30 | Image retrieval systems and methods with semantic and feature based relevance feedback |
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US (3) | US7099860B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1202187B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4108961B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE368897T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60129652T2 (ja) |
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US7099860B1 (en) | 2006-08-29 |
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US7499916B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 |
DE60129652T2 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
EP1202187A2 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
US7529732B2 (en) | 2009-05-05 |
JP2002197117A (ja) | 2002-07-12 |
EP1202187A3 (en) | 2003-11-26 |
ATE368897T1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
US20050055344A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
JP4108961B2 (ja) | 2008-06-25 |
US20040267740A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
DE60129652D1 (de) | 2007-09-13 |
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